4 - Three Side Road - House Examples PDF

rhu rjQ lM+d 277 iwoZ] mRrj vkSj nf{k.
k Qsflax Hkou
E okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko % xyr fuekZ.k
lM+d
edku bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] lgh fuekZ.k
N blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d S
fuekZ.k
cjkcj mkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ ugha
fuekZ.k njoktk lgh
feysxh fdUrq if'pe esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA blfy,
lkekU; bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA njoktk xyr
W
okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %

xzkmUM yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gSA VkM Hkh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA bl Hkou esa
efgyk, chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks
mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xzkmUM yksj okLrq lek/kku ls igys Nr dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha
E E
xEHkhj izHkko % lM+d lM+d
ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV Hkkx esa eq[; }kj
lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS] D
;g v'kqHk gSA blls
VkW;ysV
efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] eqeVh
>xM+s] ekufld fpUrk,a] ykWoh Nr ij fuekZ.k esa
fnokfy;k gksuk rhljh o dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha ikuh dh
lkroha larku dks vf/kd gSA Vadh
D
lM+d
leL;k, o fookg ls
lM+d
N N
lM+d
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA S
lM+d
cz S
LFkku
jlksbZ Nr
vkaf'kd izHkko %
VkWaM ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lM+d VDdj
lVh gSA blls efgyk, lM+d VDdj
VkWM
chekj] ekufld fpUrk,a] dejk

dtsZ] >xM+s o rhljh vkSj
lkroha larku dks leL;k,a VkWM
jgsaxhA W
W
xzkmUM yksj okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
E
lM+d
1- edku ds ftrus Hkkx esa VDdj yx jgh gS mlds eq[; }kj
lkeus fn[kk, vuqlkj nks nhokjsa [kM+h djsaA VkW;ysV
2- nhokjs de ls de 4-5 bap eksVh o 8 QhV ph nks
ykWoh
gksa vkSj bu nhokjksa ds chp esa de ls de 4 bap
dh [kkyh txg gksuh pkfg,A
3- bu nhokjksa vkSj eq[; nhokj ds chp pyus ;ksX;
lM+d
txg vo'; NksM+saA

lM+d
N S eafnj igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq

jlksbZ bls lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg j[kuk
loZJs"B gSA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA
;gk eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk
v'kqHk lM+d VDdj ds mik; dks le>us ds lM+d VDdj
,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk
fy, uhps fn;k x;k fp= ns[ksa %&
VkWM
dejk
djrs gSaA
nhokj dh pkbZ 8 QhV
o eksVkbZ 4-5 bap VkWM
W
4 bap
[kqyk LFkku
eq[; nhokj
[kqyk LFkku
VkWaM dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk,

eq[; nhokj
[kqyk LFkku vuqlkj cuk,A

eq[; nhokj
okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy,osclkbZV www.dwarkadheeshvastu.com ns[ksa@eqr MkmuyksM djsaA

rhu rjQ lM+d 278 iwoZ] mRrj vkSj nf{k.k Qsflax Hkou
lM+d lgh fuekZ.k
bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS]
N
edku S blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
pk
mkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ ugha
fuekZ.k feysxh fdUrq if'pe esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA njoktk lgh
'kqHk njoktk xyr
W blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA
iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d o Hkou ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij
lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA ukFkZ&bZLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, vf/kd chekj] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys
lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o
iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA igyh] nwljh] pkSFkh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls
vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xzkmUM yksj okLrq lek/kku ls igys xzkmUM yksj okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
xEHkhj izHkko % cslesaV dks lM+d ds cjkcj rd Hkjokdj iwjs edku esa Q'kZ dk ry ,d
iwoZ esa lM+d gS o edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gS] okLrq esa lM+d dks Hkh leku djsaA Q'kZ dk ry lM+d ls 2-5 QhV rd Wapk j[kuk vf/kd 'kqHk gSA
edku dk gh fgLlk ekuk tkrk gS blfy, iwoZ Hkkx pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks
x;k gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy 1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp
tkuk] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA dahV o lfj;k de ls E
de 3 bap rd dkVdj
vkaf'kd izHkko % vyx djsaA cksfjax lM+d
lh<h+ ukFk&Z bLZV dkuss ls lVh gbqZ g]S E eq[; }kj
blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] dekus okys 2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa
cksfjax lM+d mRrj o iwoZ dh nhokj ls
lnL; vkjS ijwk ifjokj ij'skku]
chekj] ixz fr u gkusk] /ku dh deh] eq[; }kj ugha lVuh pkfg,A dejk
eku&lEeku eas deh o igyh vkjS 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds
pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o dejk fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls
fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA de 3 bap nwj iryh VkW;ysV
cslesaV
nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj
c
z LFkku eas nhokj dk fuek.Zk g]S ldrs gSaA
VkW;ysV N S
blds vkfa'kd iHzkko gkx
as As
jlksbZ
lM+d
lM+d
lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % N cz S
LFkku lM+d D
lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A eafnj
blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] jlksbZ igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad
>xM+ s ] ekufld v'kkfUr] dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can dejk
nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] eafnj djuk t:jh gSA
iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o
lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, dejk W
o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
W 1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys 2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks VkW;ysV dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, de ls
de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
xEHkhj izHkko % E 1- eeqVh dh Nr o nhokjka s dks E
VkW;ysV lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls rkMsd+ j fudkyus ls nk"sk njw gks
lVk gqvk gSA blls efgyk, o lM+d
tk,xkA lM+d
iq:"k chekj] Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] 2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh VkW;ysV rks eeqVh dks dkuss ls u lVrs
dh ?kVuk, ] dks V Z & ds l ] eqeVh
g,q de ls de 3 fQV njw
iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o fn[kk, vul q kj cuk,A eeqVh eqeVh VkW;ysV
NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k,
lM+d
dh p kbZ de ls de j[kas o
o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA bls gYdh lkexhz ls doj
djAas blls bl nk"sk dk
lM+d
N S iHzkko vkfa'kd jg tk,xkA N S

Nr
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % Nr 2- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj

lM+d
eqeVh dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&bZLV dksus djus ds fy, igys ls cuh

ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds gqbZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks
eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj rksM+dj gVk nsaA
iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr 4- ubZ lh<h+ o eeqVh dks if'pe
u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa dh nhokj ds MkVWMs~ ykbuZ }kjk
deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ea s cuk,A
dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls 5- ;g fuek.Zk dkuska s ls de ls de 3
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA W fQV njw gkusk pkfg,A W
bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk lgh fuekZ.k
edku vkRefo'okl de gksxkA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
N lM+d S fuekZ.k
lM+d
[kkyh mkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ ugha
IykWV feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ tk,xh Hkh njoktk lgh
v'kqHk
ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA njoktk xyr
W

xzkmUM yksj ij bLZV&lkmFkbLZV eas lfsIVd Vd aS gS o lh<h+ iowZ dh nhokj vkjS lkmFk&bLZV dkuss ls lVh gAS VkM ukFk&
Z oLsV dkuss ls lVh gAS cgze~LFkku eas nhokj dk fuek.Zk
gAS Nr ij ukFk& Z bLZV dkuss eas Vk;WyVs dk fuek.Zk gS o ikuh dh Vd a h blds ij j[kh gkuss ls nk"sk dk iHzkko dbZ xuqk c<+ tk,xkA lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZV dkuss o iowZ dh nhokj ls
lVh gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, o i: q "k chekj] i: q "kkas dk LoHkko vf/kd xLqly S ] eku&lEeku eas deh] /ku dh deh] ?kj ds efq[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ij'skku] ifjokj dh
ix
z fr u gkusk] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjsh dh ?kVuk, o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA nl
w jh o NBh lraku cVsk gks rks vf/kd o cVsh gks rks de leL;k, o fookg
ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA igyh o pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA
vkaf'kd izHkko % 1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp
dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, E
lh<h+ iowZ dh nhokj o lkmFk&bLZV E
dkuss ls lVh gbqZ gS vkjS lfsIVd VdaS vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap lM+d
lM+d lsfIVd rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
Hkh bLZV&lkmFkbLZV eas gAS blls eq[; }kj
eq[; }kj VSad
efgyk, o i: q "k chekj] lraku u 2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa
gkusk] xHkiZkr] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha cksfjax
v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] cksfjax lVuh pkfg,A VkW;ysV
dkVs&Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] VkW;ysV
3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds
nlw jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd fy, eq[; nhokj ls de
lM+d
dejk
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA dejk ls de 3 bap nwj iryh
lM+d
lsfIVd
cz nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj VSad
c
z LFkku eas nhokj dk fuek.Zk g]S LFkku ldrs gSaA N S
jlksbZ
lM+d

as As N jlksbZ S tky
tky lsfIVd VSad dkss mkj ds
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % e/; esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa
cuk,A igys ls cus gq,
VkM
aW ukFk&
Z oLsV dkuss ls lVh gAS lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o
blls efgyk, chekj] ekufld dejk
dejk feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk
fpUrk,]a dt]Zs >xM]s+ rhljh o t:jh gSA
VkWM
lkroha lraku dks leL;k,a jgx

as hA VkWM
VkWM VkWaM dks dksus ls u lVrs gq,
fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A W
W
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn

1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp
xEHkhj izHkko dahV o lfj;k de ls E
lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh de 3 bap rd dkVdj lM+d
E vyx djsaA
gqbZ gS blls efgyk,a chekj] lM+d
iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] 2- lh<h+ fdlh Hkh gky ea s iowZ dh
Vadh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A doj ,fj;k
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh
VkW;ysV 3- lh<h+ dk otu jkd s us ds
dh ?kVuk, ] dks V Z & ds l ] [kqyk LFkku fy, e[q; nhokj ls de ls
iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o
lM+d
de 3 bp a njw iryh nhokj

NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, ;k LrEHk [kMs+ dj ldrs gAaS
lM+d
1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks
lM+d
rksM+dj fudky nsaA N S

lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % N S 2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk tky

ukFkZ&bZLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA Nr
fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh tky Nr 3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq,
blds ij j[kh gSA blls ?kj Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa
ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls
vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj VaVad
dhh
chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o ;k Vhu'ksM ls doj djsaA
eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh 4- 'ksM dk <+ky iwoZ dh rjQ
vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd gh j[ksaA
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh W
5- lhf<+;ksa dks fn[kk, vuqlkj
jgsxhA W eqeVh cukdj doj djsaA ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA

E
okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko % xyr fuekZ.k
lM+d bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk lgh fuekZ.k
vkRefo'okl de gksxkA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
edku
lM+d
lM+d
N
S fuekZ.k
[kkyh IykWV
mkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ ugha njoktk lgh
v'kqHk W feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ tk,xh njoktk xyr
Hkh ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA

iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS o Hkou ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax iwoZ esa lkmFk&bZLV dh rjQ gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr
ij lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVdj eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr o dksVZ&dsl
gksaxsA ?kj dk eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA
cz LFkku eas nhokj vkaf'kd izHkko % cksfjax o eq[;}kj dks bZLV&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ
dk fuek.Zk g]S cksfjax o eq[;}kj iwoZ esa lkmFk&bZLV dh rjQ gSA blls xbZ txg esa cuk,A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks
blds vka f 'kd iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
iHzkko jgx
as As dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o
NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, jgsaxhA E
E
lM+d lM+d
cksfjax cksfjax
nqdku dejk
'kVj
nqdku dejk
'kVj
lM+d
cz
LFkku
lM+d
N N S
lM+d
S
'kVj
nqdku nqdku
'kVj
ckFk:e VkW;ysV ckFk:e VkW;ysV
cslesaV W cslesaV W
xEHkhj izHkko %
iwoZ esa lM+d gS o edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gS] okLrq esa lM+d dks Hkh cslesaV dks lM+d ds cjkcj rd Hkjokdj iwjs edku esa
edku dk gh fgLlk ekuk tkrk gS blfy, iwoZ Hkkx pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks Q'kZ dk ry ,d leku djsaA Q'kZ dk ry lM+d ls 2-5
x;k gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gkusk] ty s QhV rd Wapk j[kuk vf/kd 'kqHk gSA
tkuk] lraku u gkusk] xHkiZkr] ,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh lHako gAS
E
E
lM+d
lM+d
ikuh dh
lM+d
ikuh dh Vadh
Vadh
Nr
lM+d
N
lM+d
N Nr
lM+d
S S
eqeVh eqeVh
W
W
xEHkhj izHkko %
eqeVh dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] eqeVh dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, de ls
igyh o ikpoha larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA de 3 QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A

N okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko % xyr fuekZ.k
lM+d bl edku ds mkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k lgh fuekZ.k
vfr 'kqHk LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
pk
edku
W fuekZ.k E fuekZ.k
mkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ
njoktk lgh
xyh ugha feysxh fdUrq if'pe esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA
S blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa gSA bZLV&ukFkZbZLV
dh nhokj ls lVdj eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk]
dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k, o fookg
ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % NTts ds uhps fn[kk, vuqlkj nks ;k pkj fiyj tehu ls 'kq: djrs gq, gj
NTtk mRrj dh nhokj ij cuk gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk, chekj] LoHkko eafty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM+s djsa ftlls lHkh NTtksa dk otu fiyjksa ij
fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA vk tk,A ;k nhokj ds cjkcj rd NTtksa dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA
NTtk N cksfjax vkaf'kd izHkko % N lM+d
eq[; }kj lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa
fiyj cksfjax fiyj
gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad
ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj
dejk can djuk t:jh gSA
/ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o dejk
igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls 1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA dahV o lfj;k de ls
E de 3 bap rd dkVdj
W W E vyx djsaA
cjkenk
jlksbZ 2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % jlksbZ cjkenk
lM+d
czLFkku mRrj o iwoZ dh nhokj ls
lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gSA ugha lVuh pkfg,A
blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds
ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] fy, eq[; nhokj ls de
vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ls de 3 bap dh nwjh ij
VkWM
dejk ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

VkWM
dejk ,d iryh nhokj ;k

LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA
xyh lM+d S
S

Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys
NTts dk otu fiyj ds ij gh jguk pkfg,A
xEHkhj izHkko %
lM+d N Vk;WyVs ukFk&
Z oLsV dkuss ls lVk gv
q k g]S N lM+d fiyj
blls efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ fiyj
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkusk] 1- igys ls cuh gqbZ eqeVh
VkW;ysV dkVs&
Z dl
s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] vkSj VkW;ysV nksuks dh
eqeVh rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd Nr dks rksM+dj fudky
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh nsaA
jgxshA
doj ,fj;k 2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM
Nr }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj
[kqyk LFkku xEHkhj izHkko %
E eeqVh bLZV&ukFkbZLZV dh nhokj ls lVh E doj djsaA
W W
gbqZ gAS blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] dekus
3- doj djus ds fy, cus
lM+d
lM+d
okys lnL; vkjS ijwk ifjokj

ij'skku] chekj] ixzfr u gkusk] /ku o gq, dejs dh Nr ds
eku&lEeku ea s deh o igyh vkjS fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ
Vadh pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o Vadh lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh
dejk fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxshA dejk tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu'ksM
dk iz;ksx djsaA
5- 'ksM dks Nr ds uhps ls
yxk, vkSj bldk <+ky
S lM+d S lM+d mRrj dh rjQ gh j[ksaA

v'kqHk edku LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA eq[; nhokj
uhpk
W fuekZ .k lM+d E fuekZ.k
njoktk lgh
lM+d feysxh fdUrq if'pe esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA
blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA njoktk xyr
S

xzkmUM yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,
o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa dk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku de] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,]
dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko %
eq[; }kj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld N eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa
v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg Nr dk gksuk pkfg,A ;g ?kj ds
ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
lM+d eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gS]
NTtk
[kqyk LFkku bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls
Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl
N lM+d gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj
mkj esas vkxs dh rjQ [kqyk dh j{kk djrs gSaA
[kqyk LFkku Nr LFkku gSA blls tqM+s gq, dejk
dk iM+ksl ds edku o bl ykbZu W dejk
lM+d
NTtk ds lHkh edkuksa ds vkxs Hkh eq[; }kj dks
dejk eafnj
,d leku [kqyk LFkku gS] ;g ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ
dejk 'kqHk gSA xbZ txg esa cuk,A
lM+d
jlksbZ E
VkW;ysV
[kqyk LFkku lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa
eafnj vkaf'kd izHkko % dejk
W jlksbZ E lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh dejk dahV vkSj lfj;k 3 bap
gqbZ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks VkW;ysV rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
[kqyk LFkku czLFkku dejk LVksj VkW;ysV fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ
xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk]
VkW;ysV dejk eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] ykWch VkW;ysV
dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh
dks V Z & ds l ] iz ' kklfud LVksj pkfg,A
LVksj VkW;ysV
leL;k,] larku u gksuk o lM+d NTtk
ykWch xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA
LVksj S
lM+d NTtk
S
N
1- [kyq s g,q Hkkx dks 'kMs }kjk lM+d
fn[kk, vul q kj doj djAas
N lM+d 2- doj djus ds fy, cus g,q [kqyk LFkku
xEHkhj izHkko %
[kqyk LFkku jlksbZ] eqeVh] dejk o VkW;ysV Hkkx dh Nr ds fuek.Zk eas
dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dh nhokj o i;zkxs dh xbZ lkexhz ds
lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVk gS o leku lkexhz dk i;zkx s djAas
lM+d
blds ij ikuh dh Vadh j[kh 3- Nr ds uhps dejs bR;kfn

gqbZ gSA blls efgyk, o iq:"k cukuk vko';d ugha gS] jlksbZ
lM+d
jlksbZ chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] dsoy Nr Mkyus ls gh doj ,fj;k
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o okLrq nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA W eqeVh
E
W eqeVh E pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] 4- ijwh Nr dk ry ,d leku
iz'kklfud leL;k,] larku u gh jguk pkfg,A
Nr gksuk] xHkZikr] nwljh o NBh
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o dejk
Vadh
dejk fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
Vadh
Vadh
vkaf'kd izHkko % ikuh dh Vadh dks lkmFk&osLV Vadh
Vadh fuekZ.k esa lkmFk&osLV dksuk dV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA
VkW;ysV Vadh x;k gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] lM+d
igyh o ikpoha larku chekj]
S lM+d cqjh vknrsa o ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA S

edku LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA eq[; nhokj
fuekZ.k
uhpk
lM+d
W E fuekZ.k
v'kqHk lM+d feysxh fdUrq if'pe esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA
S njoktk xyr
blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA

xzkmUM yksj ij cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k
chekj] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk]
dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % NTts ds uhps fn[kk, vuqlkj nks ;k pkj fiyj tehu ls 'kq: djrs gq, gj
NTtk mRrj dh nhokj ij cuk gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk, chekj] LoHkko eafty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM+s djsa ftlls lHkh NTtksa dk otu fiyjksa ij vk
fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA tk,A ;k nhokj ds cjkcj rd NTtksa dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA
N N lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ
cksfjax lM+d lsfIVd VSad vkaf'kd izHkko % lsfIVd
txg ij Bhd gS fdUrq bls mkj
NTtk
NTtk fiyj lM+d cksfjax

eq[; }kj ckfsjxa ukFk&Z ukFkoZLsV ea s gAS blls VSad
eq[; }kj fiyj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cukuk
efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+
loZJs"B gSA
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkusk]
dejk dkVs& Z dl
s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,]
dejk cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ
rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd
xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls cuh
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh
gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj
jgxshA
can djuk t:jh gSA
VkW;ysV czLFkku
VkW;ysV
W E
W E 1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp dahV
tky
vkaf'kd izHkko % ykWch tky o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd
lM+d
jlksbZ ykWch jlksbZ

lM+d
lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh dkVdj vyx djsaA

gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] 2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa mRrj o
dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh
dejk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u dejk pkfg,A
VkWM
VkWM
gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy,

deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap
dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls dh nwjh ij ,d iryh nhokj ;k
lM+d LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA
lM+d S
S ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
lM+d N NTts dk otu fiyj ds ij
N fiyj
xEHkhj izHkko % fiyj gh jguk pkfg,A
eqeVh dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&bZLV dksus
ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds
[kqyk LFkku
eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj eqeVh 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
eqeVh
iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa
ikuh dh deh] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr o ikuh dh 2- doj djus ds fy, eqeVh
Vadh dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx
Vadh igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku
[kqyk LFkku ijs'kkuh jgsxhA W VkW;ysV lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA
VkW;ysV E
W E doj ,fj;k 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku
lM+d
QkbZcj 'khV j[ksaA

lM+d
4- ;fn dahV ls doj djuk

laHko ugha gS rks iwjh Nr
dks QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls
dejk dejk doj dj ldrs gSa fdUrq
blds fy, igys ls cuh
gqbZ eqeVh o VkW;ysV dh
lM+d Nr dks gVkuk t:jh gSA
S lM+d S

S
lM+d bl edku ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k lgh fuekZ.k
edku LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA eq[; nhokj
cjkcj
lM+d
E W
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
lM+d lkekU; feysxh fdUrq if'pe esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA njoktk lgh
N blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij lkmFk&lkmFkoLsV eas e[q;}kj gAS lkmFk&lkmFkbLZV eas ckfsjx a gAS ukFk& Z oLsV eas lfsIVd VdaS gAS lh<h+ ukFk&Z bLZV dkuss ls lVh gS o NTts dk ukFk& Z bLZV
dkusk dV x;k gAS jlkbsZ dh LycS iowZ dh nhokj ls lVh gAS Nr ij ukFk& Z bLZV dkuss eas eeqVh dk fuek.Zk gAS dejk iowZ dh nhokj ls lVk gAS fuek.Zk eas oLsV&ukFkoZLsV Hkkx c<+
x;k gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, o i: q "k chekj] ?kj dk efq[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ij'skku] ifjokj dh ix z fr u gkusk] i:
q "k lraku u gkusk] xHkiZkr] /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gkusk o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA nl w jh o NBh lraku cVsh gks rks mls vf/kd o cVsk gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls
ij'skkuh jgx
s hA igyh] rhljh pkFSkh] ikp
oha o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA
xEHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj dks lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV
e[q; }kj lkmFk&lkmFkoLsV ea s gAS blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku S
esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA
chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA lM+d NTtk
1- lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj
xaHkhj izHkko % S ds chp dahV o lfj;k
ckfsjxa lkmFk&lkmFkbLZV ea s g]S blls efgyk,a lM+d NTtk fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3
chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o
lM+d
pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] dkVs& Z dl s ] i'zkklfud Ckksfjax bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA dejk
leL;k,] nl w jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h vkSj
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxshA LySc iwoZ o mRrj dh nhokj ls
dejk ugha lVuh pkfg,A
vkaf'kd izHkko % E W
3- lh<+h ds otu dks jksdus ds jlksbZ
jlkbsZ dh LycS iowZ dh nhokj ls lVh gAS fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls
blls ifr&iRuh eas >xMs+ o ?kj eas ekufld czLFkku
de 3 bap dh nwjh ij ,d
v'kkfUr jgxs hA E W
lM+d
jlksbZ iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s UP

vka f 'kd izHkko % dj ldrs gSaA
VkW;ysV
lh<+ h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gS o NTts
dk ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk Hkh dVk gSA blls UP ckfsjxa dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij Ckksfjax
?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj VkW;ysV cuk,A igys ls cuh gbqZ ckfsjxa dks jrs lM+d
iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u o feVV~h Hkjdj cna djuk t:jh gAS
gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh N
vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o lM+d
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA NTts ds dVs gq, Hkkx dks lfsIVd Vd aS dks mRrj eas fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
N
'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj ij cuk,A igys ls cus g,q lfsIVd Vd aS dks
xEHkhj izHkko % gYdh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k jrs o feVV~h Hkjdj cna djuk t:jh gAS
lfsIVd Vd aS ukFk& Z oLsV ea s gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] Vhu 'ksM ls doj djsaA
nhokfy;k gkusk] dkVs& Z dl
s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxshA
S vkaf'kd izHkko % Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
lM+d Nr pkjSl gS fdUrq fuek.Zk eas S
oLsV&ukFkoZLsV Hkkx c<+ x;k gAS blls lM+d
i:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld 1- [ky
q s g,q Hkkx dks 'kM
s }kjk
v'kkfUr] i'zkklfud leL;k,] fnokfy;k fn[kk, vul q kj doj djAas
gkusk] rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA 2- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh
lM+d
Nr ds fuek.Zk eas i;zkx

s dh doj ,fj;k
xEHkhj izHkko % xbZ lkexhz ds leku
E W ee
q Vh ukFk&
Z bLZV dkuss ls lVh gAS blls lkexhz dk gh i;zkxs djas A
E W
?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj 3- ;fn dejs dh Nr d a hV ls
lM+d
dejk iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u

gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh dejk
igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd da hV ls gh doj djAas
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA 4- ijwh Nr dk ry ,d leku
eqeVh
LVksj gh gkusk pkfg,A eqeVh
xEHkhj izHkko % LVksj
ckWyduh
dejs dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVk ckWyduh
lM+d gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh]
Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] lM+d
N
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] larku N
u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA

S okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko % xyr fuekZ.k
lM+d bl edku ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] lgh fuekZ.k
blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl eq[; nhokj
edku
uhpk
W de gksxkA
lM+d
E fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
njoktk lgh
xyh v'kqHk mkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ ugha
njoktk xyr
feysxh fdUrq if'pe esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA

xzkmUM yksj o Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA vr% bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko ugha gksxkA
xzkmUM yksj
S
lM+d Nr dk
eq[; }kj NTtk
[kqyk LFkku
VkW;ysV
dejk
eafnj
E dejk W xzkmUM yksj ds fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha
czLFkku
gSA
lM+d
dejk
jlksbZ
cksfjax
ykWch
VkW;ysV
xyh
N
Nr
S
lM+d
dejk
Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA

E
lM+d
Nr
VkW;ysV
Vadh
xyh
N

lM+d bl edku ds nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k lgh fuekZ.k
edku LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA eq[; nhokj
pk W
lM+d
E fuekZ.k
mkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ ugha fuekZ.k
xyh vfr'kqHk feysxh fdUrq if'pe esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA njoktk lgh
N blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV
esa gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&bZLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA jlksbZ iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl
Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr
u gksuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA igyh] pkSFkh] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg
ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
efanj dks lkmFk&oLsV eas fn[kkbZ
czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] S S
xbZ txg ij j[kAas ;g LFkku ?kj ds
blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA lM+d NTTkk
efq[k;k dks gkrsk gAS ;gkaW efanj gkuss
lM+d Nr dk
NTTkk
eq[; }kj ls ?kj eas Hkxoku ds okl dk eq[; }kj
vkaf'kd izHkko %
jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls ,glkl gkrsk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj eafnj
dejk dh j{kk djrs gAaS
lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa dejk
>xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr vkpZ jlkbsZ dh LycS o nhokj ds chp vkpZ
jgsxhA d a hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vul q kj
dejk de ls de 3 bp a rd dkVdj dejk
vkaf'kd izHkko % vyx djAas LycS fdlh Hkh gky eas
lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o mRrj E W iowZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A E
dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls W
?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys eafnj czLFkku dejk dejk
lh<h+ o nhokj ds chp d a hV o
lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] jlksbZ jlksbZ
chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o lfj;k fn[kk, vul q kj de ls de
eku&lEeku esa deh] efgykvksa 3 bp a rd dkVdj vyx djAas VkW;ysV
VkW;ysV fdlh Hkh gky eas lh<h+ iowZ o mRrj cksfjax
dk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o igyh cksfjax
vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh lsfIVd lh<h+ dk otu jkd s us ds fy, lsfIVd
jgsxhA VSad xyh blds uhp]s e[q; nhokj ls de ls VSad xyh
xEHkhj izHkko % N de 3 bp a njw ,d iryh nhokj ;k N
cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld LrEHk [kMs+ dj ldrs gAaS cksfjax dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys 2- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku
lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA ;fn dejs dh Nr dahV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx
S dks Hkh dahV ls gh doj djsaA
xEHkhj izHkko % lM+d S
lM+d
jlksbZ dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVk
gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
dejk ij j[ksaA
Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh]
dkVs&Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] lraku u dejk Vadh
gkusk o xHkiZkr gkusk lHako gAS 1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj
jlksbZ fudky nsa vkSj lhf<+;ksa dks [kqyk
NksM+ nsaA
lM+d
E W
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % 2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk

fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA jlksbZ doj ,fj;k
eeqVh ukFk& Z bLZV dkuss ls lVh gS o ikuh Nr
E W
dh Vd a h blds ij j[kh gAS blls ?kj 3- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr
ds efq[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkjS ijwk ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ
ifjokj ij'skku] chekj] ix z fr u gkusk] /ku lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh dk gh
o eku&lEeku eas deh o igyh vkjS iz;ksx djsaA
eqe
Vadh
Vh
pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg 4- ;fn dejs dh Nr dahV ls cuh doj ,fj;k
xyh
ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA gS rks bl Hkkx dks QkbZcj ;k
N Vhu'ksM ls doj djsaA
5- 'ksM dk <+ky mRrj dh rjQ gh
j[ksaA N xyh

j
iwoZ] mRrj vkSj
if'pe Qsflax
Hkouksa ds uD'ks
s
rhu rjQ lM+d 287 iwoZ] mRrj vkSj ifpe Qsflax Hkou
E
lM+d bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls lgh fuekZ.k
edku efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA eq[; nhokj
cjkcj S
lM+d
N
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
mkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ
lM+d lkekU; ugha feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA njoktk lgh
W blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gS o NTts dk lkmFk&osLV Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ
dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA dejk mRrj dh nhokj ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa lkmFk&lkmFkosLV Hkkx c<+ x;k
gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,
jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh
jgsxhA
E xEHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa
e[q; }kj bLZV&lkmFkbLZV eas g]S blls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA E
lM+d i:q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld
Ckksfjax v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] lM+d
dkVs&Z dl
s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] nlw jh lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa Ckksfjax
o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
dejk fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad
lM+d
lM+d
dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can dejk

vkaf'kd izHkko % djuk t:jh gSA
cz
jlkbsZ dh LycS mkj dh nhokj ls lVh
N LFkku S gbqZ gAS blls jlkbsZ ds [kpZs c<x
as+ s o ?kj
jlksbZ
eas ekufld v'kkfUr jgx s hA jlksbZ dh LySc dks fn[kkbZ N jlksbZ S
xbZ txg ij cuk,aA
xEHkhj izHkko %
UP lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gS] o lh<+h o nhokj ds chp
VkW;ysV NTts dk osLV&lkmFkosLV Hkkx Hkkx dadzhV o lfj;k fn[kk,
VkW;ysV
c<+ x;k gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap
igyh o ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh rd dkVdj vyx djsaA ykWch
lM+d vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj
,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh lM+d
W pkfg,A
xEHkhj izHkko % W
lh<h+ ukFk&
Z oLsV dkuss ls lVh gbqZ gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] NTts ds c<+s gq, Hkkx dks fn[kk, vuqlkj rksM+dj gVk nsaA VkW;ysV dks
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk, ftlls vU; njokts lgh txg ij cu ldsaA
lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % E
E dejk mRrj dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk 1- osLV&lkmFkosLV NTts ds
gS blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj c<+s gq, Hkkx dks rksM+dj lM+d
lM+d o mudk eku&lEeku o gVk nsaA
vkRefo'okl de gksxkA
2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
Nr fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA doj ,fj;k
[kqyk Hkkx XkEHkhj izHkko %
Nr pkjSl gS fdUrq fuek.Zk ea s 3- doj djus ds fy, cus g,q
lkmFk&lkmFkoLsV Hkkx c<+ x;k gAS dejs dh Nr ds fuek.Zk eas
blls efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ i;zkxs dh xbZ lkexhz ds N S
lM+d
N S ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh leku lkexhz dk gh i;zkx

s
lM+d
?kVuk,] dkVs&
Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] djAas dejk
dejk nlw jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k,
o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxshA 4- ;fn dejs dh Nr dahV
ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh
dahV ls gh doj djsaA eqeVh
xEHkhj izHkko % LVksj
eqeVh
LVksj eqeVh dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls 5- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku
ckyduh lVk gqvk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] gh jguk pkfg,A lM+d
dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr]
lM+d nhokfy;k gks u k] dks V Z & ds l ] W
W iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o
lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

edku efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA eq[; nhokj
pk
lM+d
N fuekZ.k S fuekZ.k
xyh vfr'kqHk mkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ ugha njoktk lgh
W feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij lh<h+ ukFk& Z oLsV dkuss ls lVh gS o lfsIVd Vd aS oLsV&ukFkoZLsV eas gAS ckfsjxa lkmFk&oLsV eas gAS cgze~LFkku eas nhokj dk fuek.Zk gAS Nr ij dejs ds fuek.Zk ls
iowZ Hkkx p
k o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gAS ukFk& Z oLsV dkuss eas eeqVh dk fuek.Zk gS o ikuh dh Vd a h bldh Nr ij gkuss ls nk"sk dk iHzkko dbZ xuqk c<+ tk,xkA fuek.Zk eas
lkmFk&oLsV Hkkx dV x;k gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, o i: q "k chekj] eku&lEeku u gkusk] i: q "k lraku u gkusk] xHkiZkr] /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr]
fnokfy;k gkusk] dkVs&
Z dl s o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA ?kj ds efq[k;k] igyh o ikp oha lraku dks cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk] ty
s tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh lHako gAS rhljh
o lkroha lraku cVsk gks rks vf/kd o cVsh gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA
iwoZ vkSj if'pe nksuks rjQ NTts dk
fuekZ.k gksus ls ;g okLrq nks"k ugha gSA E cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ E
fdUrq /;ku jgs fd iwoZ dh rjQ NTts xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls cksfjax lM+d
lM+d NTTkk NTTkk
dh eksVkbZ o Hkkj if'pe dh rjQ ds cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh
NTts ls de jguk t:jh gSA eq[; }kj ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] blds dejk dejk
vkaf'kd izHkko jgsxsaA lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa fn[kkbZ
xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls cus
lM+d
lsfIVd
xaHkhj izHkko % gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh VSad
lsfIVd VSad osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gS o lh<+h dejk ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA dejk
Hkh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls
efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] N cz S lh<h+ o nhokj ds chp dd a hzV o N S
LFkku lfj;k fn[kk, vul q kj de ls de
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] eafnj dejk
lM+d
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh dejk 3 bp a rd dkVdj vyx djAas
o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fdlh Hkh gky eas lh<h+ mRrj dh eafnj
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
VkW;ysV eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ VkW;ysV
xEHkhj izHkko % cksfjax xbZ txg esa j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj
ckfsjx
a lkmFk&oLsV eas gAS blls ?kj ds ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gkWa eafnj
eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku chekj] lsfIVd gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk
cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] VSad xyh ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a xyh
,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA
W W

xEHkhj izHkko % E Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx pk o if'pe lM+d
1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM
Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls iq:"kksa dks }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj E
xEHkhj chekjh] eku&lEeku u gksuk] iq:"k doj djsaA lM+d
larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dksVZ&dsl o dejk
iz'kklfud leL;k, laHko gSaA 2- doj djus ds fy, dejs
dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa
iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds dejk
xEHkhj izHkko % leku lkexzh dk gh
lM+d
jlkbsZ dk fuek.Zk mkj dh nhokj ls lVk gAS jlksbZ iz;ksx djsaA

blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko N S 3- ;fn dejs dh Nr
lM+d
fpMf+pMk+ o ftnn~h o eku&lEeku ea s deh] dahV ls cuh gS rks bl

lHako gAS Nr Hkkx dks Hkh dahV ls gh jlksbZ
doj djsaA N S
vkaf'kd izHkko % 4- iwjh Nr dk ry
fuek.Zk eas lkmFk&oLsV dkusk o if'pe Hkkx ,d leku jguk
dV x;k gAS blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] i:
q "k] igyh eqeVh pkfg,A doj ,fj;k
o ikp oha lraku chekj] cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh Vadh
gkusk o ty s tkuk lHako gAS xyh
W
xEHkhj izHkko % ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ Vadh
eqeVh
eeqVh ukFk&
Z oLsV dkuss ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vda h blds ij j[kh gAS blls efgyk,a xbZ txg ij j[ksaA
chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkusk] dkVs&
Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] xyh
rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA W

efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
lM+d
edku
fuekZ.k
N uhpk S gksxkA
fuekZ.k
lM+d VDdj njoktk lgh
lM+d v'kqHk mkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ
ugha feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA njoktk xyr
W blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA

xzkmUM yksj ij vyekjh ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij
fuekZ.k esa mRrj] iwoZ o ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh] ijwk ifjokj
ij'skku] ifjokj dh ixz fr ugh gkx
s h] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkusk] dkVs&Z dl
s o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx
as hA rhljh o lkroha lraku cVsk gks rks vf/kd o cVsh
gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA igyh o pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA
vkaf'kd izHkko % NTts ds uhps fn[kk, vuqlkj nks ;k pkj fiyj tehu vyekjh dks
vyekjh ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls /ku dh deh ] iwjk ls 'kq: djrs gq, gj eafty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kM+s dejs esa fn[kkbZ
ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks leL;k,a djsa ftlls lHkh NTtksa dk otu fiyjksa ij vk tk,A xbZ txg ij
gksaxhA E ;k nhokj ds cjkcj rd NTtksa dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA j[ksaA
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj
NTtk mRrj dh nhokj ij cuk 'kVj 1- edku ds ftrus Hkkx ea s lMd
+ E lM+d
gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk, cksfjax fiyj eq[; }kj
VDdj yx jgh gS mlds 'kVj
vyekjh
chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o ykWch nqdku lkeus fn[kk, vul q kj nks cksfjax
vyekjh
eku&lEeku de gksxkA nqdku
nhokja s [kMh+ djAas ykWch
2- ;g nhokjs de ls de 4-5
c
z LFkku eas nhokj dk fuek.Zk dejk bap eksVh o 8 QhV Waph
vyekjh
g]S blds vkfa'kd iHzkko jgx

as As cz gksa vkSj buds chp esa de
lM+d
LFkku
ls de 4 bap dh [kkyh dejk
vyekjh
lM+d
N S txg gksuh pkfg,A

xEHkhj izHkko % VkW;ysV tky jlksbZ
N
3- bu nhokjkas vkjS e[q; nhokj jlksbZ S
ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV Hkkx esa lM+d ckFk#e LVksj ds chp pyus ;kXs; txg
VDdj yx jgh gSA blls VkW;ysV tky
vyekjh NkM s u+k t:jh gAS
efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ckFk#e LVksj
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k lM+d VDdj dejk dejk vyekjh
vyekjh
gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud nhokj dh pkbZ 8 QhV [kkyh dejk

leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha lM+d VDdj dejk
vyekjh
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o o eksVkbZ 4-5 bap txg
lM+d
eq[; nhokj
[kqyk LFkku
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA 4 bap

W fiyj lM+d
[kqyk LFkku
W
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys eq[; nhokj
eq[; nhokj
E Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn

lM+d
fiyj E lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko %
Nr ij fuekZ.k esa iwoZ] mkj NTts dk otu fiyj ds
o ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx dVk gqvk ij gh jguk pkfg,A [kqyk LFkku
[kqyk LFkku
lM+d
gS blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k]

dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk 1- fuekZ.k esa dVs gq, Hkkx
eqeVh
ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, eqeVh
u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku vuqlkj doj djds doj ,fj;k
N S
esa deh] efgykvksa o iq:"kksa pkSjl djsaA
dk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] igyh N S
lM+d
Vadh jlksbZ
vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd VkW;ysV gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds Vadh jlksbZ
leL;k, o fookg ls fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ
[kqyk LFkku
vyekjh VkW;ysV
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh
[kqyk LFkku
vyekjh
lM+d VDdj LVksj tSls QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM
dejk
dk iz;ksx djsaA [kkyh LVksj
txg dejk
[kqyk LFkku [kqyk LFkku 4- 'ksM dks Nr ds uhps ls fiyj
lM+d yxk, o <+ky ukFkZ&bZLV [kqyk LFkku [kqyk LFkku
W dh rjQ gh j[ksaA W lM+d

lM+d bl edku ds mkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] lgh fuekZ.k
W
edku
E
blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe ea s lMd
+ gAS eq[; nhokj
lM+d
fuekZ.k
fuekZ.k
pk
feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA njoktk lgh
vfr'kqHk S blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA njoktk xyr

mRrj esa eq[; lM+d gS o iwjs Hkou esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax gSA osLV&lkmFkosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj
dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA VkW;ysV ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k]
eku&lEeku o /ku dh dehA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku iq:"k gksus ij vkSj iq:"k larku dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s]
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko %
eq[; }kj o cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o ij cuk,A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks
lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
N xEHkhj izHkko %
mRrj esa eq[; lM+d gS o N
lM+d eq[; }kj o cksfjax dks
edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa lsfIVd lM+d ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
cksfjax cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gS] okLrq VSad txg ij cuk,A igys ls cuh
cksfjax
esa lM+d dks Hkh edku dk gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh
dejk
gh fgLlk ekuk tkrk gS Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
blfy, mkj Hkkx pk o
cslesaV nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k dejk
gS] blls /ku dh deh]
efgyk,a o L=h larku cslesaV dks feV~Vh ls Hkjokdj
W chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o bldk ry lM+d ds cjkcj
lM+d
E eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA

czLFkku rd djsaA ;fn laHko gks rks
W E bldk ry 2-5 QhV Wapk
jlksbZ
djuk vf/kd 'kqHk gksxkA
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % jlksbZ

lsfIVd eafnj lsfIVd VSad osLV
lM+d
lM+d
VSad &lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls

?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o eafnj
dejk
ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh
vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy dejk
S tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh
czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k laHko gSA
gS] blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA S

xEHkhj izHkko %
1- eqeVh dks dksus ls u lVrs
N eeqVh dk fuek.Zk ukFk&Z oLsV dkuss gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
ls lVk gv q k gAS blls efgyk,a N
lM+d chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld lM+d
2- mRrj dh nhokj vkSj eqeVh
v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkusk] ds chp 3 fQV ;k blls
dkVs&Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] vf/kd [kkyh txg gksus ij
eqeVh
VkW;ysV
rhljh o lkroha lraku dks nks"k ugha yxsxkA
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls eqeVh
ij'skkuh jgxshA
xEHkhj izHkko % 1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks

rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k
W E Vk;WyVs ukFk&ZbLZV dkuss ls W dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA
lM+d
lM+d
Nr Nr E
lM+d
lVk gv q k gAS blls ?kj ds

lM+d
efq[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkjS 2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d

ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] chekj] gS rks bl VkW;ysV dks ;gkWa
ixz fr u gkusk] /ku o ls rksM+dj gVk nsaA
eku&lEeku eas deh o igyh
vkjS pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd 3- u;s VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh MkWV~sM ykbZu }kjk fn[kkbZ
jgx s hA xbZ txg esa dksuksa ls de
S ls de 3 QhV nwj djsaA
S

N
lM+d
bl edku ds mkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd lgh fuekZ.k
W edku E fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
cjkcj feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA njoktk lgh
lkekU;
fuekZ.k
S
blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o VkM iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA osLV&lkmFkosLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gSA Nr ij
eqeVh bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] /ku
dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA
dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o
xEHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ
eq[; }kj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld txg ij cuk,A lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp
v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha dahV o lfj;k fn[kk,
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA N
vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd
dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh
vkaf'kd izHkko % lM+d gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls
N
lM+d lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ ugha lVuh pkfg,A
gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj
VkW;ysV
chekjh] Hk; yxuk]
ykWoh jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa
VkW;ysV
eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh]

ykWoh dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud cuk,A
leL;k,] larku u gksuk o
lM+d
xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA W VkWaM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
lM+d
E
vkaf'kd izHkko %
lM+d
lM+d
v'kqHk lM+d VDdj ds mik; dks

W czLFkku E jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ nhokj ls jlksbZ
le>us ds fy, ;g fp= ns[ksaA
jlksbZ lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa
FkksM+s >xM+s jgsaxs o ?kj esa lM+d VDdj nhokj dh pkbZ 8 QhV
lM+d VDdj ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA dejk o eksVkbZ 4-5 bap
VkWM
[kqyk LFkku
dejk vkaf'kd izHkko %
eq[; nhokj
4 bap
VkMW lkmFk&bLZV dkuss o VkWM [kqyk LFkku
bLZV&lkmFkbLZV dh nhokj ls S eq[; nhokj
eq[; nhokj
S lVh gAS blls efgyk,a o i: q "k
xEHkhj izHkko % chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr]
vkdfLed ?kVuk,]a i'zkklfud 1- edku ds ftrus Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS mlds lkeus fn[kk,
edku ds oLsV&lkmFkoLsV Hkkx ea s lMd + VDdj leL;k,a o nl w jh vkjS NBh
yx jgh g]S ;g v'kHqk gAS blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] vuqlkj nks nhokjsa [kM+h djsaA
lraku dks leL;k,a jgx as hA 2- nhokjsa de ls de 4-5 bap eksVh o 8 QhV Waph gksuh pkfg, vkSj buds chp
igyh o ikp oha lraku chekj] cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh
gkusk] ty
s tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh lHako gAS de ls de 4 bap dh [kkyh txg gksA
3- bu nhokjksa vkSj eq[; nhokj ds chp pyus ;ksX; txg vo'; NksM+saA
N 1- eeqVh dh Nr dks rkM s d+ j
N lM+d fudkyus ls ;g nk"sk njw gks
lM+d tk,xkA
xEHkhj izHkko % 2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks
eqeVh bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh bls nhokjkas ls de ls de 3
nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS vkSj eqeVh
QhV dh njwh ij fn[kk,
eqeVh ikuh dh Vadh blds ij vul q kj cuk,A blls bl nk"sk
ikuh dh j[kh gSA blls ?kj ds
lM+d
dk iHzkko vkfa'kd jg tk,xkA

Vadh eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;
lM+d
W E 3- nk"sk dks ijwh rjg ls njw djus

lM+d
W E vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] Vadh

ds fy, igys ls cuh gbqZ lh<h+
lM+d
chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o Nr o eeqVh dks rkM s d

+ j gVk nAas
Nr eku&lEeku esa deh o
lM+d VDdj 4- ubZ lh<h+ o eeqVh dk fuek.Zk
igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks MkVWM s~ ykbuZ }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ
lM+d VDdj
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls txg eas djAas
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
5- ;g fuek.Zk dkuss ls de ls de
S
3 QhV njw gkusk pkfg,A
S
ikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA

lM+d bl edku ds mkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgykvksa dk lgh fuekZ.k
W
edku
E vkRefo'okl de gksxkA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
mkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ ugha fuekZ.k
[kkyh
feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ tk,xh Hkh njoktk lgh
v'kqHk IykWV
S
xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkM
lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o blds ij ikuh dh Vadh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko
dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, vf/kd chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa dehA ?kj dk
eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud
leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg
ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % vkaf'kd izHkko % eq[; }kj o cksfjax dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa 1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp dahV
eq[; }kj o cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA lh<+h mkj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap rd
blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] dksus ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj dkVdj vyx djsaA
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dekus okys lnL;] efgyk, vkSj iwjk can djuk t:jh gSA 2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa mRrj o
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh
rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh N pkfg,A
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA vkSj pkSFkh larku dks leL;k, jgsaxhA lM+d lsfIVd cksfjax 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy,
N czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] VSad eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3
lM+d lsfIVd bap dh nwjh ij ,d iryh
blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA
VkW;ysV
VSad nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs

vkaf'kd izHkko % gSaA
cksfjax VkW;ysV jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ nhokj ls
dejk
lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa
FkksM+s >xM+s jgsaxs o ?kj esa cuk, ftlls vU; njokts lgh
lM+d
lM+d
dejk
lM+d
ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA W E txg ij cu ldsaA

jlksbZ
W E VkWaM dks dksukas ls u lVrs gq,]
jlksbZ vkaf'kd izHkko %
lM+d
czLFkku fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A

VkWM lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh
gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ
dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] dejk xbZ txg ij j[kuk loZJs"B gS]
vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk
dejk dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud gSA bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj
VkWM
VkWM
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl

dks leL;k, jgsaxhA S gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk
VkWM
djrs gSaA
S
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ 1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj
xbZ txg esa j[ksaA fudky nsaA
xEHkhj izHkko % 2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk,
N VkW;ysV ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVk gS N vuqlkj doj djsaA
o ikuh dh Vadh blds ij j[kh lM+d
3- doj djus ds fy, cuh gbqZ Nr ds
lM+d
gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] fuek.Zk eas i;zkx
s dh xbZ lkexhz ls
Vadh >xM+ s ] ekufld v'kkfUr] gYdh lkexhz tl S s QkbcZj ;k Vhu
doj ,fj;k
VkW;ysV [kqyk LFkku nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] 'kMs ls doj djAas
iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o 5- 'kMs dks Nr ds uhps ls yxk, vkjS
Vadh bldk <k+y mRrj dh rjQ gh j[kAas
lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,
lM+d
lM+d
W E W E
Nr 1- lh<h+ vkjS nhokj ds chp d a hV o
tky Nr
xaHkhj izHkko % tky lfj;k de ls de 3 bp a rd
lh<+h mkj dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV dkVdj vyx djAas
lM+d
lM+d
dksus ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds 2- lh<h+ fdlh Hkh gky eas mRrj o iowZ
eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;] dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
efgyk, vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, eq[;
chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap dh nwjh
eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj ij ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s
pkSFkh larku dks leL;k, jgsaxhA dj ldrs gSaA
S S

W okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko % xyr fuekZ.k
lM+d bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls lgh fuekZ.k
edku efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA eq[; nhokj
uhpk N
S fuekkZ.k
lM+d
fuekZ.k
mkj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ njoktk lgh
v'kqHk lM+d
ugha feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA njoktk xyr
E

xzkmUM yksj ij cksfjax if'pe esa gSA lsfIVd VSad osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gS o lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkM lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls
lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o i: q "k chekj] i:q "kkas dk
LoHkko vf/kd xLqly
S ] eku&lEeku eas deh] cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk] ty
s tkuk] i:
q "k lraku u gkusk] xHkiZkr] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkusk] dkVs&
Z dl s o
i'zkklfud leL;k, jgxas hA rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd o leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA
vkaf'kd izHkko %
cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k
vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA dk gksrk gS] ;gk eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o
Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA
W xaHkhj izHkko % W
cksfjax lM+d lsfIVd VSad eq[;}kj vkSj lsfIVd VSad lM+d lh<h+ o nhokj ds chp da hV o
Nr dk osLV&ukFkZosLV essa gS o lh<+h Hkh eq[; }kj Nr dk lfj;k fn[kk, vul q kj de ls
eq[; }kj NTtk NTtk de 3 bp a rd dkVdj vyx
ukFkZ & os L V dks u s vkS j
ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls djAas fdlh Hkh gky eas lh<h+
lVh gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh
dejk chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld dejk pkfg,A
v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk]
lM+d
dks V Z & ds l ] iz ' kklfud lsfIVd VSad dkss mRrj esa
leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad
VkW;ysV fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA S VkW;ysV
S N N dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk
czLFkku t:jh gSA
ykWch
jlksbZ vkaf'kd izHkko % jlksbZ
lM+d
ykWch VkWaM lkmFk&bZLV esa dksus ls

lVh gqbZ gS] blls efgyk,a VkWaM dks dksus ls u lVrs gq,
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
fpUrk,a] vkx o pksjh dh
dejk ?kVuk,a] iz'kklfud leL;k,a] dejk
VkWM
VkWM
nwljh o NBh larku dks cksfjax dkss ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ

leL;k,a jgsaxhA xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls
lM+d lM+d
cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh
cksfjax Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
E E
xEHkhj iz H kko % W
W
eeqVh dk fuek.Zk ukFk&Z oLsV dkuss lM+d
lM+d ls lVk gv q k gAS blls efgyk,a
chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld
eqeVh dkVs&Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] eqeVh
rhljh o lkroha lraku dks
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls
ij'skkuh jgxs hA
lM+d
}kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj

Vadh Vadh doj djuk djsaA
sV
S VkW;ysV N S VkW;y N
[kqyk LFkku doj ,fj;k 2- doj djus ds fy, cus
gq, dejs dh Nr ds
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ

dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx lkexzh ds leku lkexzh
pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks dk iz;ksx djsaA
x;k gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj
chekjh] eku&lEeku u gksuk] 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d
dejk iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dejk leku gh gksuk pkfg,A
dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud
leL;k, laHko gSaA
E lM+d E lM+d

edku efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA eq[; nhokj
Wapk N
S fuekZ lM+d
.k fuekZ.k
'kqHk lM+d feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA njoktk xyr
E blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA
xzkmUM yksj ij if'pe esa eq[;}kj gSA osLV&ukFkZosLV esa cksfjax gSA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkM lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij lkmFk&osLV
dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA eqeVh mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gSA dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k
chekj] iq:"kksa dk LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] eku&lEeku esa deh] ?kj ls ckgj jguk] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk]
dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xaHkhj izHkko % vkaf'kd izHkko %
eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o cksfjax osLV&ukFkZosLV esa gSA eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp
iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] xbZ txg esa j[ksaA dahV o lfj;k fn[kk,
tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA vuqlkj de ls de 3
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k bap rd dkVdj vyx
gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud W
W lM+d djsaA
leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
lM+d cksfjax larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha
lVuh pkfg,A
vkaf'kd izHkko % dejk 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds
lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh fy, eq[; nhokj ls de
dejk ls de 3 bap nwj ,d
gqbZ gS blls /ku dh deh]
efgyk,a chekj jgsaxh o mudk iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA
S N
N vkaf'kd izHkko % cjkenk
lM+d
S jlksbZ
czLFkku VkWaM dks dksus ls u lVrs gq,
lM+d
jlksbZ cjkenk VkWaM lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A

gqbZ gS] blls efgyk,a chekj]
vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dejk
VkWM
dejk dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud cksfjax dkss ukFkZ&bZLV esa

VkWM
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A

dks vf/kd leL;k, jgsaxhA igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks
lM+d jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can
cksfjax djuk t:jh gSA
lM+d E E

xEHkhj izHkko %
W VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus ls
lM+d lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds W
eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku lM+d
VkW;ysV ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA
VkW;ysV
xEHkhj izHkko %
eqeVh
eeqVh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gbqZ
eqeVh
gS blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a
Nr chekj] LoHkko fpMf+pMk+ o
lM+d
S
[kqyk LFkku
eku&lEeku de gkxskA doj ,fj;k 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM
N }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj
ikuh dh S N doj djsaA
lM+d
Vadh ikuh dh
xEHkhj izHkko % Vadh
dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx gq, dejs dh Nr ds
pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ
x;k gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj lkexzh ds leku lkexzh
dejk chekjh] eku&lEeku u gksuk] dk gh iz;ksx djsaA
iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dejk
dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d
lM+d leL;k, laHko gSaA leku jguk t:jh gSA
E lM+d
E

edku efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
S uhpk
fuekZ.k
lM+d N gksxkA fuekZ.k
v'kqHk lM+d
feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA njoktk xyr
E blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA

xzkmUM yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o mRrj dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa
efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoh larku iq:"k gksus ij cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA ?kj ds eqf[k;k]
dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko %
eq[; }kj osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ
W gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh txg esa j[ksaA
o ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh W
lM+d vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] lM+d
[kqyk LFkku ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA
NTtk [kqyk LFkku
NTtk
eafnj
dejk eafnj
dejk if'pe esa vkxs dh rjQ [kqyk dejk
LFkku gSA blls tqM+s gq, iM+ksl dejk lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp
VkW;ysV ds edku o bl ykbZu ds lHkh esa dahV vkSj lfj;k
czLFkku edkuksa ds vkxs Hkh ,d leku fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap rd
S [kqyk LFkku gS] blfy, ;g nks"k dkVdj vyx djsaA
jlksbZ N ugha gSA
S jlksbZ N fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
lM+d
[kqyk LFkku dejk mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha

dejk [kqyk LFkku lVuh pkfg,A
lM+d
VkW;ysV dejk
vkaf'kd izHkko % VkW;ysV dejk
LVksj VkW;ysV lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh VkW;ysV
gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] LVksj
ykWch
LVksj efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko ykWch
fpM+fPkM+k gksxk o eku&lEeku LVksj
lM+d esa deh gksxhA lM+d
E
E
W W
lM+d
lM+d
[kqyk LFkku xEHkhj izHkko % [kqyk LFkku ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ
jlksbZ] eqeVh] dejk o txg esa j[ksaA
Vadh
VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k mRrj
dh nhokj o ukFkZ&bZLV Vadh
dksus ds lkFk lVk gqvk gS 1- [ky
q s g,q Hkkx dks 'kM
s }kjk
o blds ij ikuh dh Vadh
jlksbZ fn[kk, vul q kj doj djAas
jlksbZ Vadh j[kh gqbZ gSA blls
efgyk,a chekj] ?kj ds doj ,fj;k eqeVh 2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq,
S eqeVh eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa
lM+d
N S N
lM+d
Nr vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds

chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx
dejk o eku&lEeku esa deh] djsaA
dejk
Vadh efgykvksa dk LoHkko
fpM+fpM+k o igyh vkSj 3- ;fn Nr dahV ls cuh gS
Vadh pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh dahV
VkW;ysV Vadh leL;k, o fookg ls VkW;ysV ls gh doj djsaA
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku
lM+d lM+d jguk t:jh gSA
E E

edku efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k ds iMk+l
s dk edku cjkcj rd fuferZ g]S blls dkbsZ iHzkko ugha gkx
s kA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
fuekZ.k
cjkcj
S N
fuekZ.k
lkekU; lM+d feysxh fdUrq nf{k.k esa vU; edku gksus ls tkZ ogk tk,xhA blfy,
E bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xaHkhj jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij lkmFk&osLV esa nqdku ls edku ds vanj dh rjQ dksbZ }kj u gksus ls ;g dksuk dV x;k gS o NTtk xksy gksus ls lkmFk&osLV dksuk dV x;k gSA
eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij eqeVh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij
j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] iq:"k] igyh o ikpoha
larku dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ?kj ls ckgj jguk laHko gSA
xEHkhj izHkko % nqdku esa ihNs dh rjQ
if'pe esa Nr dk NTtk xksy gksus ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa njoktk NTts ds c<+s gq, Hkkx dks
W rksM+dj fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk
lM+d osLV&lkmFkosLV dksuk dV x;k gSA cuk, o bl njokts dks
lkmFk&osLV esa nqdku ls edku ds iz;ksx djuk t:jh gSA djsaA
vanj tkus ds fy, dksbZ }kj ugha
ftlls edku esa ;g dksuk dV x;k W
gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o lM+d
nqdku nqdku
ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa o ?kj
ls ckgj jguk laHko gSA
VkW;ysV nqdku nqdku
eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
xEHkhj izHkko % esa j[ksaA
ykWoh eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds
jlksbZ cz& N eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh VkW;ysV
S LFkku vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk]
,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA 1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa
ykWoh dahV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk,
dejk jlksbZ vuqlkj 3 bap rd dkVdj
vkaf'kd izHkko % S N
vyx djsaA
lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj
blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh
eku&lEeku esa deh o mudk LoHkko dejk
dejk
fpM+fpM+k gksxkA pkfg,A
czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls
lM+d dejk de 3 bap nwj ,d iryh
blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj
E
ldrs gSaA
iwoZ vkSj if'pe nksuks rjQ NTts dk fuekZ.k gksus ls ;g okLrq nks"k ugha gSA fdUrq lM+d
/;ku jgs fd iwoZ dh rjQ NTts dh eksVkbZ o Hkkj if'pe dh rjQ ds NTts ls
de jguk t:jh gSA E
W W
lM+d lM+d ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
esa j[ksaA
Vadh
1- eqeVh dh Nr o nhokjksa dks
rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k nwj gks
tk,xkA
2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks bls
eqeVh
xEHkhj izHkko % eqeVh nhokj ls fn[kk, vul q kj de ls
Vadh eqeVh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ de 3 QhV njw cuk,A blls bl
gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds ij S nk"sk dk iHzkko vkfa'kd jg tk,xkA
S Nr N N
j[kh gSA blls /ku dh deh] 3- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus ds
Nr
efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa fy, igys ls cuh gqbZ lh<+h o
deh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA
gksxkA
4- ubZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks nf{k.k dh
nhokj ds lkFk MkWV~sM ykbZu ls
fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A /;ku
jgs fd ;g uhps cus gq, dejs o
nqdku dh iwoZ o mRrj dh nhokj
lM+d lM+d ds ij u cusA
E E

j
iwoZ] nf{k.k vkSj
if'pe Qsflax
Hkouksa ds uD'ks
s
rhu rjQ lM+d 297 iwoZ] nf{k.k vkSj ifpe Qsflax Hkou
lM+d bl edku ds iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mkj ds lgh fuekZ.k
edku iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA eq[; nhokj
fuekZ.k
uhpk
N lM+d S fuekZ.k
mkj esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh njoktk lgh
'kqHk lM+d nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, njoktk xyr
W bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsxkA

xzkmUM yksj ij bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa eq[;}kj] lsfIVd VSad o lh<+h dk fuekZ.k gSA VkM o jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa
eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA VkW;ysV ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA jlksbZ mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s]
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xzkmUM yksj lek/kku ls igys xzkmUM yksj lek/kku ds ckn

xEHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj dks lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ ds e/; esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
eq[; }kj o lsfIVd VSad E ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls cuas gq, lsfIVd VSad
bZLV&lkmFkbZLV esa gS o lh<+h Hkh lM+d xbZ txg ij cuk,A dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls cksfjax
efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] E 1- lh<h+ vkjS nhokj ds chp da hV
lM+d
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o cksfjax lsfIVd VSad o lfj;k de ls de 3 bp a rd
pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] dkVdj vyx djAas
iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o NBh nqdku
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg 2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa iwoZ dh
ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
nqdku
3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy,
vkaf'kd izHkko % VkW;ysV ykWch eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3
jlksbZ dh LySc mkj dh nhokj ls N cz S bap nwj iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk
lM+d
LFkku tky
lVh gqbZ gS] blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA
o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA jlksbZ N VkW;ysV S
jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp
ykWch tky dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % dejk jlksbZ de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj
VkWM ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa
VkWM
blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha

ekufld fpUrk,a o rhljh vkSj lVuh pkfg,A
dejk
lkroha larku dks leL;k,a jgsaxhA lM+d
W VkWM
lM+d VkWaM dks dksus ls u lVrs gq,
fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
W
Nr lek/kku ls igys
xEHkhj izHkko %
Nr lek/kku ds ckn
VkW;ysV ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls E
E lVk gSA blls ?kj dk eqf[k;k] dekus
lM+d okys lnL;] efgyk, o iwjk ifjokj lM+d 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
chekj] ijs'kku] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, jgsaxhA 2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq,
VkW;ysV eqeVh VkW;ysV eqeVh Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa
Vadh iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds
Vadh xEHkhj izHkko % leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx
eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gS]A doj djsaA
blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ,fj;k
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku
lM+d
Nr S ?kVuk, ] dks V Z & ds l ] iz ' kklfud N S

N [kqyk LFkku gh jguk pkfg,A
lM+d
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dks jlksbZ

jlksbZ vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh
jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % dejk

jlksbZ mkj dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA
dejk blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj]
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de
lM+d gksxkA lM+d
W W

iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk, chekj jgsaxhA eq[; nhokj
edku
pk lM+d
N fuekZ .k S fuekZ.k
mkj esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh njoktk lgh
v'kqHk lM+d
nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy,
W njoktk xyr
bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsxkA

xzkmUM yksj ij bLZV&lkmFkbLZV eas e[q;}kj o ckfsjx a gAS lh<h+ Hkh lkmFk&bLZV dkuss ls lVh gAS VkM o jlkbsZ dh LycS mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gAS Nr ij ukFk& Z bLZV
dkuss eas Vk;WyVs dk fuek.Zk gAS ikuh dh Vda h mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, o i: q "k chekj] ?kj dk efq[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] /ku
dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] dkVs& Z dls o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA nl
w jh o NBh lraku cVsk gks rks vf/kd o cVsh gks rks de leL;k, o
fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA igyh o pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA
lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd
xEHkhj izHkko % dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh
e[q; }kj o ckfsjx a bLZV&lkmFkbLZV pkfg,A
eas gS o lh<h+ Hkh lkmFk&bLZV dkuss E E
ls lVh gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] lM+d cksfjax o eq[; }kj dks lM+d
i:
q "kkas eas Hk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld cksfjax cksfjax
v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] bZLV&ukFkZbZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
dkVs& Z dl s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] txg esa cuk,A igys ls cuh
nl w jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh
dejk Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA dejk
jgx s hA
jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds
vkaf'kd izHkko % chp dahV o lfj;k fn[kk,
N cz vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd
jlkbsZ dh LycS mkj dh nhokj ls LFkku S N S
lVh gbqZ g]S blls jlkbsZ ds [kpZs c<xas+s cjkenk dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh jlksbZ cjkenk
lM+d
jlksbZ
lM+d
o ?kj ea s ekufld v'kkfUr jgxshA gky esa LySc mRrj dh nhokj

ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
vkaf'kd izHkko %
VkWaM ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ
VkWM
dejk VkWaM dks dksukas ls u lVrs gq, dejk

gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ]
>xM+s] ekufld fpUrk,a] rhljh fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
VkWM
o lkroha larku dks leL;k,a
jgsaxhA lM+d lM+d
W W

Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys 1- VkW;ysV o eqeVh nksuks dh E
igys ls cuh gqbZ Nr dks lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % E rksM+dj fudky nsa
Vk;WyVs ukFk&
Z bLZV dkuss ls lVk gv
q k g]S lM+d
blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] dekus okys 2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM
lnL; vkjS ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj
chekj] ixzfr u gkusk] /ku o doj djsaA
VkW;ysV
lM+d
eku&lEeku ea s deh o igyh vkjS doj ,fj;k

pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o 3- doj djus ds fy, cus
fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxshA eqeVh gq, dejs dh Nr ds
Nr
fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ N
lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh S
[kqyk LFkku
dk iz;ksx djsaA
N ikuh dh S
xEHkhj izHkko % 4- ;fn dejs dh Nr dahV
lM+d
Vadh
ikuh dh Vd a h mRrj dh nhokj ls ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks
lVh gbqZ g]S blls efgyk,a chekj] QkbZcj ;k Vhu'ksM ls dejk
/ku dh deh o LoHkko fpMf+pMk+ doj djsaA ikuh dh
gkx
s kA Vadh
dejk 5- 'ksM dks Nr ds uhps ls gh
yxk, o bldk <+ky
ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ gh lM+d
gksuk pkfg,A W
lM+d
W ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA
iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA
cjkcj fuekZ.k
edku eq[; nhokj

lM+d S
N fuekZ.k
mkj esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh nf{k.k
lkekU; lM+d njoktk lgh
o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, bl
W Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsxkA njoktk xyr

iwoZ esa eq[; lM+d gS o Hkou ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM yksj ij jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr dk
NTtk xksy gksus ls bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dksuk dV x;k gSA Nr dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa iq:"k chekj] eku&lEeku
o /ku dh deh] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr Hkh laHko gSaA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL;ksa dks ijs'kkuh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku csVk gksus
ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % iwoZ vkSj if'pe nksuks rjQ NTts dk fuekZ.k cslesaV dks lM+d ds cjkcj NTts ds xksy Hkkx dks rksM+dj
iwoZ esa Nr dk NTtk xksy gS blls gksus ls ;g okLrq nks"k ugha gSA fdUrq /;ku rd Hkjokdj iwjs edku esa fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaA
ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk dV x;k gSa] blls jgs fd iwoZ dh rjQ NTts dh eksVkbZ o Hkkj
?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; Q'kZ dk ry ,d leku djsaA E
if'pe dh rjQ ds NTts ls de jguk Q'kZ dk ry lM+d ls 2-5 lM+d
vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] t:jh gSA NTtk
izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] E QhV rd Wapk j[kuk vf/kd
lM+d eq[; }kj
eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj NTtk 'kqHk gSA
pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o eq[; }kj cslesaV VkW;ysV
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA VkW;ysV
dejk
dejk
jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds VkW;ysV
xEHkhj izHkko % VkW;ysV chp dahV o lfj;k de ls
iowZ ea s e[q; lMd+ pkMaSh+ gS o if'pe ea s iryh de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx dejk
djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc
vyekjh
xyh gS vkjS edku ds ijws Hkkx ea s cl s eVas g]S mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha
ykWoh
cslesaV
dejk
ftlls iowZ ea s p h txg T;knk o if'pe ea s ykWoh lVuh pkfg,A N S
de g]S ;g v'kHqk gAS blls i: q "kka s dks xEHkhj
chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh N cz S
deh] dkVs& Z dl s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] LFkku eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa dejk
lraku u gkusk o xHkiZkr gkusk lHako gAS fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[kuk
dejk loZJs"B gSA ;g LFkku ?kj ds
eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA bl
c
z LFkku eas nhokj dk fuek.Zk g]S blds LFkku ij eafnj j[kus ls ?kj esa
vkfa'kd iHzkko gkx
as As jlksbZ ykWoh
Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl
jlksbZ ykWoh
gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj
vkaf'kd izHkko % dh j{kk djrs gSaA
jlkbsZ dh LycS ukFk&Z oLsV dkuss ls lVh lM+d
gbqZ g]S blls ifr&iRuh eas FkkM
s s+ >xMs+ o W
?kj eas ekufld v'kkfUr jgxs hA lM+d Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
W
E
lM+d
lM+d E 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM
}kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj
xEHkhj izHkko % doj djsaA
dejs dh Nr
dejs ds fuekZ.k ls iwoZ Hkkx 2- doj djus ds fy,
pk o if'pe Hkkx uhpk gks dejs dh Nr
dejs dh Nr ds
x;k gSA blls iq:"k chekj]
eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh eqeVh
LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] iq:"k eqeVh xbZ lkexzh ds leku Vadh
larku u gksuk] xHkZikr Hkh laHko lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx
Vadh
gSaA djsaA N S
N S
3- ;fn dejs dh Nr
dahV dh cuh gS rks
bl Hkkx dks Hkh
dahV ls gh doj doj ,fj;k
[kqyk LFkku djsaA
4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d
leku gh jguk
pkfg,A
lM+d
W lM+d W

lM+d bl edku ds nf{k.k esa eq[; lM+d gSA mkj ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk, chekj jgsaxhA iwoZ lgh fuekZ.k
edku esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
E lM+d
W
fuekZ.k
pk
fuekZ.k
mkj esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh nf{k.k njoktk lgh
v'kqHk o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, bl
njoktk xyr
N Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsxkA

xzkmUM yksj ij cksfjax lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV esa gS o lh<+h bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa
eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA lkmFk&osLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,]
dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku dks gYdh chekjh
o cqjh vknrsa jgsaxhA
xaHkhj izHkko % eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk pkfg,A ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gS]
cksfjax lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV esa gS bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku
vkSj lh<+h Hkh lkmFk&bZLV dksus S Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSA
ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a lM+d NTtk
S
1- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp lM+d
chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] cksfjax NTtk
dahV o lfj;k fn[kk,
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap
dh ?kVuk, ] dks V Z & ds l ] rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
dejk eafnj
iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dejk
lM+d
cslesaV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh cslesaV

o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA pkfg,A
czLFkku
3- lh<+h ds otu dks jksdus ds
'kqHk izHkko % E W fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls
lM+d
nf{k.k esa lM+d gS vkSj edku ds de 3 bap dh nwjh ij ,d E W
iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gS]
lM+d
jlksbZ
iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s
ftlls nf{k.k Hkkx pk vkSj jlksbZ
mRrj Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gS] ;g dj ldrs gSaA
lM+d
eafnj
'kqHk gSA blls v'kqHk ifj.kkeksa esa cksfjax dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
deh vk,xhA lsfIVd
dejk ij cuk,A igys ls cuh gqbZ VSad
dejk
czLFkku eas nhokj dk fuek.Zk g]S lsfIVd cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls
VSad Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
as As N
cksfjax N

VkW;ysV dks dksus ls u S
lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj
xEHkhj izHkko % lM+d
de ls de 3 QhV nwj VkW;ysV
VkW;ysV lkmFk&osLV dksus S cuk,A eqeVh
ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds
lM+d
eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha
larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA VkW;ysV
eqeVh
lM+d
lM+d
eqeVh dks dksus ls u lVrs E W

lM+d
Nr
gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls
xEHkhj izHkko % de 3 QhV nwj cuk,A
eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls E W
Nr
lVh gSA blls efgyk,a
lM+d
chekj] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ]

>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr]
vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,]
dks V Z & ds l ] iz ' kklfud
N
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA N

lM+d
bl edku ds nf{k.k esa eq[; lM+d gSA mkj ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lgh fuekZ.k
E edku W iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
cjkcj
fuekZ.k njoktk lgh
lkekU; mkj esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh njoktk xyr
N nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA
blfy, bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsxkA

xzkmUM yksj ij VkM ukFkZ&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV dksus o mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] LoHkko
fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh jgsxhA
S
lM+d S
eq[; }kj NTtk lM+d
'kqHk izHkko % eq[; }kj NTtk
edku ds bZLV&ukFkZbZLV VkW;ysV
Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh VkW;ysV
eafnj dks nf{k.k esa fn[kkbZ
gS] ;g 'kqHk gSA blls v'kqHk ykWoh xbZ txg ij j[ksaA ;gkWa
ifj.kkeksa esa deh gksxhA eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ykWoh
ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o
E W Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % djrs gSaA
lM+d
lM+d
dejs esa VkWM UkkFkZ&osLV vkSj czLFkku E W
lM+d
ukFkZ&bZLV dksuksa ls lVh gqbZ
gSA blls /ku dh deh] iwjk jlksbZ jlksbZ
ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] dtsZ]
>xM+s] ekufld fpUrk,] lM+d VDdj
igyh]rhljh]pkS F kh vkS j lM+d VDdj VkWM
VkWM
lkroha larku dks vf/kd dejk

leL;k,a jgsaxhA
dejk
VkWM
N
N
VkWaM dks fn[kk,
Nr vuqlkj cuk,A
S
lM+d
eqeVh
Vadh
Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA

lM+d
lM+d
E W
Nr

lM+d
bl edku ds nf{k.k esa eq[; lM+d gSA mkj esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] lgh fuekZ.k
edku blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA if'pe esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
E W fuekZ.k
[kkyh
IykWV 'kqHk
feysxhA fdUrq nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ tk,xh njoktk lgh
N
Hkh ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA VkM ukFkZ&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV dksus o mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk
fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA nf{k.k esa [kqyk LFkku
gksus ls ;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa eq[; efgyk o L=h larku dks xEHkhj chekjh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] ekufld v'kkfUr o eku&lEeku de gksxkA dt]Zs
>xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] dkVs& Z dl
s o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA nl
w jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA igyh o ikp
oha
lraku cVsh gkuss ij vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA
xaHkhj izHkko %
lfsIVd Vd aS lkmFk&lkmFkoLsV eas g]S blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] eq[; efgyk] igyh o S
ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh lM+d Nr dk
laHko gSA eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; }kj
fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[kuk NTtk
S loZJs"B gS] ;g LFkku ?kj ds
xEHkhj izHkko % lM+d lsfIVd
cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA blls Nr dk eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk VkW;ysV
eq[; }kj VSad NTtk eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku
efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa
deh o mudk LoHkko ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o
fpM+fpM+k gksxkA cksfjax Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk dejk
VkW;ysV djrs gSaA
lM+d
czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k E W
lM+d
dejk jlksbZ
gS] blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ
xbZ txg esa cuk,A igys ls lsfIVd
lM+d
lM+d
E W cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o VSad

vkaf'kd izHkko % czLFkku jlksbZ feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk VkWM
vyekjh
dejs esa VkWM UkkFkZ&osLV vkSj t:jh gSA
ukFkZ&bZLV dksuksa o mRrj dh dejk
nhokj ls lVh gSA blls /ku VkWM
VkWM vyekjh
dh deh] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa

chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld dejk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A
fpUrk,] igyh] rhljh] pkSFkh igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks cksfjax
vkSj lkroha larku dks leL;k, N
jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can
jgsaxhA djuk t:jh gSA
VkWM VkWaM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,
N
xEHkhj izHkko
lhf<+;ksa dks fn[kk, vuqlkj
lh<+h lkmFk&osLV dksus ls eqeVh cukdj <+d nsa fdUrq
lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds eqeVh dk fuekZ.k fn[kk,
eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku S vuqlkj dksus ls de ls de 3 S
?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA lM+d QhV nwj gksuk pkfg,A lM+d
Vadh
xEHkhj izHkko % eq
VkW;ysV 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM doj ,fj;k
lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa VkW;ysV [kqyk LFkku e
dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj Vh
blds ij j[kh gSA blls doj djsaA
efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] 2- doj djus ds fy, cus
lM+d
lM+d
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds Vadh

dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ
lM+d
iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o E Nr W lkexzh ds leku lkexzh

lM+d
E Nr W
NBh larku dks vf/kd dk iz;ksx djsaA
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh 3- ;fn Nr dahV ls cuh gS
jgsxhA tky tky
rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh dahV
ls gh doj djsaA
xEHkhj izHkko % 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d
nf{k.k esa [kqyk LFkku gS ftlls leku gh jguk pkfg,A
;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA
blls efgyk,a chekj]
eku&lEeku esa deh o mudk ikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k gksxkA fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA
N N

lM+d bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mkj ds lgh fuekZ.k
edku iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgyk, chekj jgsaxhA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
S pk N
fuekZ.k
mkj esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fuekZ.k
xyh v'kqHk nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, njoktk lgh
E bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij oLsV&lkmFkoLsV eas e[q;}kj gAS bLZV&lkmFkbLZV eas lfsIVd Vd aS gS o lh<h+ Hkh bLZV&lkmFkbLZV dh nhokj o lkmFk&bLZV dkuss ls lVh gAS cgze~LFkku eas
nhokj dk fuek.Zk gAS Nr ij lkmFk&bLZV dkuss eas eeqVh dk fuek.Zk gS o ikuh dh Vd a h bldh Nr ij j[kh gkuss ls nk"sk dk iHzkko dbZ xuqk c<+ tk,xkA fuek.Zk eas ukFk&
Z bLZV
dkusk o iowZ Hkkx dV x;k gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, o i: q "k chekj] ?kj dk efq[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ij'skku] /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjsh dh
?kVuk,] dkVs&Z dls o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA nl
w jh o NBh lraku cVsk gks rks vf/kd o cVsh gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA ?kj dk efq[k;k] igyh o ikp oha
lraku dks chekjh] cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk o ty s tkuk lHako gAS
W
Nr dk lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % NTTkk
W eq[; }kj osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA eq[;}kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ
NTTkk lM+d blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha txg ij cuk,A
larku dks xEHkhj chekjh] dke lsV u dejk
gksuk] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o vkpZ
dejk tsy tkuk Hkh laHko gSA
dejk
vkpZ czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gqvk
S
lM+d
gSA bldk vkaf'kd izHkko jgsxkA N

lM+d
dejk
vkaf'kd izHkko % eafnj
S N lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZV dkuss o iowZ dh nhokj dejk
czLFkku jlksbZ
eafnj
ls lVh gbqZ gS vkjS lfsIVd VdaS Hkh bLZV&
dejk lkmFkbLZV ea s gAS blls i:q "k o efgyk,a VkW;ysV lsfIVd VSad dks iwoZ ds e/; esa
jlksbZ chekj] i: q "kka s dk eku&lEeku de] cksfjax fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
lraku u gkusk] xHkiZkr] dt]Zs >xM]s+ igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad
VkW;ysV ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can
cksfjax ?kVuk,]a ,DlhMVas] i'zkklfud leL;k,]a xyh djuk t:jh gSA
nlw jh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o E
lsfIVd VSad fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxshA lh<h+ o nhokj ds chp d
a hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vul q kj de ls de 3 bp a rd
E dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky eas lh<h+ iowZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA
W
lM+d
1- eqeVh dh igys ls cuh gqbZ
W xEHkhj izHkko % Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsaA
fuekZ.k esa ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk o iwoZ ikuh dh
lM+d Vadh
Hkkx dV x;k gSA blls ?kj ds 2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj dejk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr
dejk u gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa 3- doj djus ds fy, cus g,q
lM+d
deh] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr o dejs dh Nr ds fuek.Zk eas

S N
lM+d
igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd jlksbZ i;zkx

s dh xbZ lkexhz ls gYdh
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh lkexhz dk gh i;zkx
s djAas
jgsxhA
jlksbZ 4- ;fn dejs dh Nr d a hV ls
S N cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks QkbcZj
xEHkhj izHkko % doj ,fj;k
;k Vhu&'kM s ls doj djAas
eeqVh lkmFk&bLZV dkuss ls lVh gS o
Nr ikuh dh Vd a h blds ij j[kh gAS 5- 'ksM dks cuh gqbZ Nr ds uhps
blls efgyk,a chekj] i: q "kkas eas Hk;] ls yxk, o bldk <k+y iowZ ;k
dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx ukFk&
Z bLZV dh rjQ gh j[kAas
o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] dkVs& Z dl s ] xyh
eqeVh i'zkklfud leL;k,] nl w jh o NBh
Vadh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg E
xyh ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA
E

W
lM+d bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mkj lgh fuekZ.k
edku ds iM+ksl dk cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA eq[; nhokj
cjkcj N
S fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
lM+d lkekU;
mkj esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh njoktk lgh
nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, njoktk xyr
E

xzkmUM yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa cksfjax gSA lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVdj lh<+h dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA LVksj
ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr]
vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoh
larku iq:"k gksus ij chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA
xaHkhj izHkko % W lM+d
Nr dk W
cksfjax osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA NTtk Ckksfjax eq[;}kj
blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o Nr dk lM+d
ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] NTtk
eq[;}kj
vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] dejk
,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA
lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa de dejk
ls de 3 bap rd dahV o
S N lfj;k dkVdj nhokj ls vyx
djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % jlksbZ czLFkku

lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh S N
jlksbZ
lM+d
gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa pkfg,A
esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld
v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] lsfIVd
VkW;ysV
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] VSad

nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd Nr
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh dk VkW;ysV
jgsxhA lM+d NTtk cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ
Nr
xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls dk
E cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh lM+d
Ckksfjax
NTtk
Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
iwoZ vkSj if'pe nksuks rjQ NTts dk fuekZ.k gksus ls ;g okLrq nks"k ugha gSA E
fdUrq /;ku jgs fd iwoZ dh rjQ NTts dh eksVkbZ o Hkkj if'pe dh rjQ ds
NTts ls de jguk t:jh gSA

lM+d W
W lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko %
S N LVksj dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV
lM+d
dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gSA blls N

dejk ?kj ds eqf[k;k] efgyk,] dekus S
lM+d
okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj dejk 1- LVksj dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA
ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk]
/ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o 2- NTts dks ,d leku :i
eqeVh
igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks ls iwjs Hkkx esa cuk,A
LVksj blls fuekZ.k Hkh pkSjl
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls eqeVh
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA gks tk,xk vkSj dksuk Hkh
lM+d [kkyh gks tk,xk rFkk
lM+d okLrq nks"k ugha jgsxkA
E
E
xEHkhj izHkko %
eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s]
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,]
nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa lM+d gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mkj ds lgh fuekZ.k
S uhpk
lM+d
fuekZ.k N fuekZ.k
mkj esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh
xyh 'kqHk nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, njoktk lgh
E bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA Nr ij
dejk mRrj dh nhokj ls lVk gSA VkW;ysV ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl
Hkou esa efgyk, o i:q "k chekj] /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gkusk] dkVs& Z dl
s o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA nl
w jh rhljh]
NBh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA ?kj ds efq[k;k] igyh o ikp
oh lraku i:
q "k gkuss ij chekjh] cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk o ty s tkuk lHako
gAS igyh o pkFSkh lraku cVsh gkuss ij vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA
xEHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa dahV vkSj lfj;k
eq[; }kj osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku xbZ txg esa j[ksaA fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx
chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj
ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
W W
vkaf'kd izHkko %
lM+d
Nr dk lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gbZ lM+d
NTtk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] Nr dk
NTtk
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ
gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud xbZ txg ij j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj
sV
ykWch
;y
VkW;ysV ykWch ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk eafnj
leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha larku VkW
dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk
dejk ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a
dejk ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA
eafnj
vkaf'kd izHkko %
eafnj
jlkbsZ dh LycS mRrj dh nhokj ls
dejk N lVh gAS blls ?kj eas ekfld v'kkfUr N LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp esa dahV
S S dejk vkSj lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap
lM+d
czLFkku jgx
s h o jlkbsZ dh [kpZ c<x
as+ As
rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh
gky esa LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls
lM+d
dejk dejk
xEHkhj izHkko % ugha lVuh pkfg,A
ckfsjx
a lkmFk&bLZV eas gAS blls
ykWch jlksbZ efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld jlksbZ cksfjax dks UkkFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ
cksfjax v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,]
VkW;ysV dkVs& Z dl
s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] ykWch xbZ txg esa cuk,A igys ls cuh
VkW;ysV gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj
nl
w jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd
xyh leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA cksfjax can djuk t:jh gSA
xyh
xyh E xyh E
lM+d 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk fn[kk,
W vuqlkj doj djsaA
lM+d W xEHkhj izHkko %
doj ,fj;k 2- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr ds
[kqyk LFkku dejs dk fuekZ.k mRrj o fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds
ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx djsaA
gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] 3- ;fn Nr dahV ls cuh gS rks bl
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k dejk Hkkx dks Hkh dahV ls gh doj djsaA
dejk gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh jguk
leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha larku pkfg,A
ijs'kku jgsaxsA
S N
S N 1- Vk;WyVs dh Nr dks rkMsd + j fudky nAas
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko %
lM+d
Vk;WyVs ukFk&Z ukFkbZLZV dh nhokj ls 2- [ky q s g,q Hkkx dks 'kMs }kjk fn[kk,
lVk gS o ikuh dh Vd a h blds ij vul q kj doj djuk t:jh gAS
[kqyk LFkku doj ,fj;k
j[kh gAS blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] 3- doj djus ds fy, cus g,q dejs dh Nr
tky ikuh dh efgyk,] dekus okys lnL; vkjS ijwk ds fuek.Zk ea s i;zkxs dh xbZ lkexhz ls
Vadh ifjokj ij'skku] chekj] ix z fr u gkusk] gYdh lkexhz dk gh i;zkxs djAas
/ku dh deh] eku&lEeku eas deh o 4- ;fn Nr d a hV ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx
VkW;ysV igyh vkjS pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd dks QkbcZj ;k Vhu 'kMs ls doj djAas
E xyh
xyh leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA 5- 'kMs dk <k+y iowZ dh rjQ jguk pkfg,A
E

E
uhpk
N fuekZ.k S
lM+d fuekZ.k
'kqHk xyh
mkj esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh njoktk lgh
nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, njoktk xyr
W

xzkmUM yksj ij cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSaA lh<+h o jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou
esa efgyk, chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku de gksxkA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud
leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko %
cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad dks UkkFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A igys ls
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] cuh gqbZ cksfjax o lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
E
lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp eq[; lsfIVd
vkaf'kd izHkko % E esa dahV vkSj lfj;k }kj VSad lM+d
lh<+h mRrj dh nhokj ls lM+d fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap [kqyk LFkku
eq[; }kj cksfjax rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
lVh gSA blls /ku dh cksfjax
deh] efgyk, chekj] [kqyk LFkku lsfIVd fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h cjkenk
VSad
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha
eku&lEeku de gksxkA cjkenk lVuh pkfg,A
VkW;ysV dejk
VkW;ysV lM+d
dejk xSyjh
LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp N lM+d S
xSyjh esa dahV vkSj lfj;k jlksbZ
N S fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap
jlksbZ
vkaf'kd izHkko % rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
jlkbsZ dh LycS mRrj dh fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc
mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha dejk
nhokj ls lVh gAS blls ?kj dejk xSyjh
eas ekufld v'kkfUr jgx s h dejk lVuh pkfg,A
xSyjh
dejk
o jlkbsZ ds [kpZs c<x
as+ As
lM+d W
lM+d
W

E
1- eqeVh dks rksM+dj E
lM+d gVkus ls nks"k nwj gks
tk,xkA lM+d
[kqyk LFkku
xEHkhj izHkko %
lM+d 2- ;fn eqeVh dks j[kuk [kqyk LFkku
eqeVh dk fuekZ.k mRrj dh
t:jh gS rks bls
nhokj ls lVk gSA blls
fn[kk, vuqlkj nhokj
/ku dh deh] efgyk,
eqeVh ls u lVrs gq, de ls lM+d
chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o
de 3 QhV nwj cuk,A eqeVh
eku&lEeku de gksxkA
N S bldh pkbZ de ls Nr
Nr de j[ksa o gYdh N [kqyk LFkku S
[kqyk LFkku lkexzh ls doj djsaA
3- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls
nwj djus ds fy, igys
ls cuh gqbZ lh<+h o
VSad VSad eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVk
VSad VSad
lM+d
nsa o bls MkWVsM ykbZu
W ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa lM+d W
cuk,

j
mRrj] if'pe vkSj
nf{k.k Qsflax
Hkouksa ds uD'ks
s
rhu rjQ lM+d 307 mRrj] nf{k.k vkSj ifpe Qsflax Hkou
N
lM+d bl edku ds mkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds lgh fuekZ.k
lkekU; iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA eq[; nhokj
edku
fuekZ.k
cjkcj
lM+d
W E fuekZ.k
iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA nf{k.k njoktk lgh
lM+d o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, bl
njoktk xyr
S Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd gks tk,xkA

xzkmUM yksj ij cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA NTts dk lkmFk&osLV dksuk dV x;k gSA Nr ij lkmFk&osLV dksus esa eqeVh dk
fuekZ.k gSA LVksj bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o blls fuekZ.k esa bZLV&lkmFkbZLV Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s]
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj dk eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa o
?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA
xaHkhj izHkko % cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
cksfjax ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gS] blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] ij cuk,A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr
nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha larku dks o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
N
N xEHkhj izHkko % lM+d Ckksfjax
lM+d lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa
gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] eq[;}kj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
Ckksfjax eq[;}kj dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad
v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can
?kVuk,] dks V Z&ds l ] djuk t:jh gSA
dejk iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh dejk
o NBh larku dks vf/kd
leL;k, o fookg ls
NTts dks iwjs Hkkx esa ,d
lM+d
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA W jlksbZ E

lM+d
W
jlksbZ E leku :i ls fn[kk,
czLFkku vuqlkj doj djds lh/kk
xEHkhj izHkko % djsaA doj djus ds fy, cus
Nr ds NTts dk gq, NTts ds fuekZ.k esa
lkmFk&osLV dksuk dVk iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds
gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds VkW;ysV leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx
VkW;ysV
eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha Nr djsaA
larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] dk
vijk/kh gksuk o ?kj ls ckgj lM+d NTtk
lM+d
jgsaxsA S
S
N
N xEHkhj izHkko %
LVksj dk fuekZ.k bZLV&lkmFkbZLV lM+d
lM+d dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk gS o LVksj
ds fuekZ.k ls fuekZ.k esa
bZLV&lkmFkbZLV Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA
blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s]
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh
?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud LVksj dks rksM+dj gVk nsa]
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dks blls nks"k [kRe gks tk,xkA
E vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls
lM+d
W W E
lM+d
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA dejk

dejk
ckWyduh dk fuekZ.k iwjs Hkkx

eqeVh esa gksus ls eqeVh dk nks"k Hkh
eqeVh LVksj
xEHkhj izHkko % nwj gks tk,xkA
ckWyduh eqeVh dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&osLV dksus lM+d
lM+d ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds S
S eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku ?kj
ls ckgj jgsaxsA

lM+d bl edku ds mkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ lgh fuekZ.k
uhpk fuekZ.k 'kqHk ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA eq[; nhokj
edku
W E
lM+d
iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA fuekZ.k
xyh nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, njoktk lgh
S bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd gks tk,xkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA
Nr ij dejk iwoZ o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA VkW;ysV bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko
dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh
?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku
csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj dk eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o
,DlhMsaV Hkh laHko gSaA
xEHkhj izHkko % mRrj dh rjQ QkbZcj eq[; }kj o cksfjax dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa
eq[; }kj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a 'khV yxh gS vkSj nf{k.k esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A igys ls cuh 1- lfj;k
lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp dahV o
de ls de 3 bap rd
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] NTts dk fuekZ.k gSA gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can
nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud QkbZcj 'khV dk otu djuk t:jh gSA dkVdj vyx djsaA
leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd NTts ls de gS blfy, 2- lh<+h fdlh Hkh gky esa mRrj o
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA N
;g nks"k ugha gSA iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh
lM+d cksfjax
QkbZcj pkfg,A
N 'ksM
QkbZcj lM+d 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy,
'ksM vkaf'kd izHkko % VkW;ysV eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap
lh<h+ ukFk&Z bLZV dkuss ls lVh gbqZ gAS dh nwjh ij ,d iryh nhokj ;k
blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] dekus okys lnL; LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA
VkW;ysV vkjS ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] chekj] ixz fr u dejk
gkusk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku eas deh jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp
dejk
o igyh vkjS pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj
lM+d
W dejk E
eafnj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc
W dejk jlkbsZ dh LycS bLZV&lkmFkbLZV dh iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
czLFkku E dejk
nhokj ls lVh gAS blls ifr&iRuh eas
lM+d
>xMs+ o ?kj eas ekufld v'kkfUr jgx

s hA eafnj
efanj dks lkmFk&oLsV eas fn[kkbZ xbZ
dejk txg ij j[k ldrs gAaS ;g LFkku ?kj
jlksbZ
xEHkhj izHkko % ykWch ds efq[k;k dk gkrsk g]S bl LFkku ij
cksfjax jlksbZ VkW;ysV efanj gkuss ls ?kj eas Hkxoku ds okl dk
cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa ?kj ds vanj gS NTtk ,glkl gkrsk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj
VkW;ysV blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha dh j{kk djrs gAaS
larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] xyh S
NTtk
tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko
xyh S gSA Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
N
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys lM+d
ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
N xEHkhj izHkko % esa j[ksaA
lM+d dejs dk fuekZ . k iw o Z vkS j
[kqyk LFkku bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gqvk dejk
gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] Vadh
dejk eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj 2- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh Nr
lM+d
pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o W E ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ

fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh
doj ,fj;k
iz;ksx djsaA
lM+d
W E
Nr 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh
xEHkhj izHkko %
[kqyk LFkku jguk pkfg,A
VkW;ysV bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls
lVk gqvk gS o ikuh dh Vadh Hkh blds VkW;ysV
ikuh dh ij j[kh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ]
Vadh
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh
VkW;ysV dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud xyh S
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dks
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh
S jgsxhA

lM+d bl edku ds mkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds lgh fuekZ.k
iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA eq[; nhokj
edku
v'kqHk
pk
lM+d
W fuekZ.k E iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA nf{k.k fuekZ.k
xyh o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou njoktk lgh
S esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd gks tk,xkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa eq[; }kj gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa cksfjax gSA lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa lsfIVd VSad gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij eqeVh
lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko c<+ tk,xkA dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k
gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, vf/kd chkej] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o
lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA eq[;
efgyk] igyh o ikpoha larku csVh gksus ij chekj o vf/kd leL;k, jgsaxhA
mRrj vkSj nf{k.k nksuks rjQ NTts dk xEHkhj iz H kko % lsfIVd VSad dks mkj
fuekZ.k gksus ls ;g okLrq nks"k ugha gSA fdUrq e[q; }kj ukFk& Z ukFkoZLsV eas gAS blls N esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
/;ku jgs fd iwoZ dh rjQ NTts dh eksVkbZ o efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld lM+d
v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkusk] dkVs& Z dl
s ] Nr ij cuk,A igys ls
Hkkj if'pe dh rjQ ds NTts ls de jguk cksfjax
i'zkklfud leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha dk cus gq, lsfIVd VSad
t:jh gSA
N lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls NTTkk dks jsr o feV~Vh ls
Nr lM+d ij'skkuh jgx
s hA dejk Hkjdj can djuk
dk t:jh gSA
vkpZ
NTTkk czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] blds
dejk vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA dejk
eq[;}kj o cksfjax dks
W E ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ
lM+d
vkpZ
xEHkhj izHkko % xbZ txg ij cuk,A
dejk eafnj
ckfsjx
a lkmFk&bLZV eas gAS blls efgyk,a igys ls cuh gqbZ
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] dejk
W E jlksbZ cksfjax dks jsr o
czLFkku vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can
eafnj
iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o NBh VkW;ysV djuk t:jh gSA
dejk larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls
jlksbZ ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
VkW;ysV xyh
cksfjax vkaf'kd izHkko % S
lfsIVd VdaS lkmFk&lkmFkoLsV eas gAS
blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha
lsfIVd VSad larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
S tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA
N
N 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks gjs
lM+d
jax ds 'ksM }kjk fn[kk,
dejk vuqlkj doj djsaA
xEHkhj izHkko %
dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx pk o 2- doj djus ds fy, cus
nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls gq, dejs dh Nr ds
dejk /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ
fpM+fpM+k] ekufld v'kkfUr o lkexzh ds leku
eku&lEeku de gksxkA W jlksbZ E lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx
djsaA
3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d
W doj ,fj;k leku jguk vko';d
E xEHkhj izHkko % gSA
Nr eqeVh dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&osLV dksus ls Vadh
lVk gqvk gS o blds ij ikuh dh
Vadh j[kh gS] blls bl Hkkx ds v'kqHk
ifj.kke c<+ tk,axsA blls ?kj ds
eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku chekj] ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ
cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] xyh xbZ txg ij j[ksaA
eqeVh ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA S
Vadh
S xyh

lM+d bl edku ds mkj esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA if'pe esa lgh fuekZ.k
lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA eq[; nhokj
edku
uhpk
lM+d
W fuekZ.k E fuekZ.k
iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA nf{k.k njoktk lgh
lM+d 'kqHk
o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, bl njoktk xyr
S Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd gks tk,xkA

xzkmUM yksj ij lh<+h ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA if'pe esa [kqyk LFkku gSA cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa eqeVh dk
fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o
lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks
lh<+h ukFkZZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkj dj can djuk t:jh gSA
ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a gS] blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld N
v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] N lM+d eq[; }kj cksfjax
lM+d eq[; }kj 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM [kqyk LFkku
rhljh o lkroha larku dks
[kqyk LFkku }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA doj djsaA
2- doj djus ds fy, cus dejk
xEHkhj izHkko % dejk gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds
if'pe eas [kyq k LFkku gS ftlls fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ
;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gAS blls lkexzh ds leku
?kj ds efq[k;k o i: q "k lraku W E
jlksbZ E lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx jlksbZ ykWoh
W
[kqyk LFkku
chekj] cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk] cz ykWoh djsaA

tys tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh LFkku
3- ;fn cus gq, Hkkx dh
lHako gAS
lM+d
vyekjh
Nr dahV dh cuh gS
lM+d
dejk VkW;ysV
dejk VkW;ysV rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh
vkaf'kd izHkko % dahV ls gh doj vyekjh
ckfsjx
a nf{k.k eas g]S blls efgyk djuk t:jh gSA
o L=h lraku dks xEHkhj chekjh] cksfjax lM+d
LoHkko fpMf+pMk+] ekufld lM+d
S
v'kkfUr o vkdfLed eR`;q lHako S
gAS Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys 1- eqeVh dks ukFkZ&osLV N

dksus ls u lVrs gq, lM+d
fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A [kqyk LFkku
N 2- eqeVh vkSj mRrj dh

xEHkhj izHkko % lM+d nhokj ds chp 3 QhV ;k eqeVh
eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh [kqyk LFkku blls vf/kd [kkyh
gqbZ gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] txg gksus ij nks"k ugha
dts Z ] >xM+ s ] ekufld yxsxkA
v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] eqeVh
W E
dks V Z & ds l ] iz ' kklfud Nr
leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha
lM+d
[kqyk LFkku

fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA W E
Nr
lM+d
S lM+d
S lM+d

lM+d bl edku ds nf{k.k esa eq[; lM+d gSA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ ds lgh fuekZ.k
iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA eq[; nhokj
edku
pk
lM+d
E fuekZ W fuekZ.k
.k iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA nf{k.k o
if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa njoktk lgh
v'kqHk lM+d
xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd gks tk,xkA njoktk xyr
N
xzkmUM yksj ij lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax gSA jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ij cuh gSA VkM ukFkZ&bZLV dksus o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA
Nr ij lkmFk&bZLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, vf/kd chekj] LoHkko
fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku de] iq:"kksa dk LoHkko vf?kd xqLlSy] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k,
jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA eq[; efgyk] igyh o ikpoha larku csVh gksus ij chekj o vf/kd leL;k, jgsaxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
ckfsjxa vkjS e[q;}kj lkmFk& esa j[ksaA S
lkmFkoLsV ea s gAS blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] S lM+d
igyh o ikp oha lraku chekj] cjqh lM+d jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp
cksfjax
vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk] ty s tkuk] dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj
,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh lHako gAS de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj
vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa dejk
dejk
vkaf'kd izHkko % LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls ugha
jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVuh pkfg,A
lVh gqbZ gS blls ifr&iRuh esa
lM+d
>xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr cjkenk VkWaM dks iwoZ dh nhokj ls u E W
E W jlksbZ cjkenk
jgsxhA czLFkku lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj
lM+d
jlksbZ
cuk,A
VkWM
vkaf'kd izHkko %
VkW a M ukFkZ & bZ L V dks u s o cksfjax dks ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV esa
bZLV&ukFkZbZLV nhokj ls lVh gqbZ fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A dejk
VkWM
dejk igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr

gS blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku vkSj
chekj] izxfr esa ck/kk,a] /ku dh o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk
lM+d
leL;k o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku t:jh gSA cksfjax
lM+d
dks vf/kd leL;k,a jgsaxhA N
N
xEHkhj izHkko % S S
VkW;ysV lkmFk&bZLV dksus ls lVk lM+d 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk lM+d
gqvk gS ftlls ;g dksuk Hkj x;k fn[kk, vuqlkj doj
gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] VkW;ysV djsaA VkW;ysV
eqeVh
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o eqeVh 2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq,
pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] Vadh dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa Vadh
iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o NBh iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds doj ,fj;k

Nr
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg [kqyk LFkku leku lkexzh dk gh
ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA E iz;ksx djsa A E W
W
lM+d
lM+d
3- ;fn dejs dh Nr dahV

xEHkhj izHkko % ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks
dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx pk Hkh dahV ls gh doj
o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA djuk t:jh gSA
dejk dejk
blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj]
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] ekufld v'kkfUr 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d
o eku&lEeku de gksxkA leku gh jguk pkfg,A
lM+d lM+d
N N

iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA eq[; nhokj
edku
lM+d
E uhpk W fuekZ.k
fuekZ.k
iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA njoktk lgh
'kqHk
lM+d nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy,
bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd gks tk,xkA njoktk xyr
N

xzkmUM yksj ij jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVk gS o bldh Nr ij ikuh dh Vadh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk
c<+ tk,xkA fuekZ.k esa ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld
v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
nf{k.k esa vkxs dh rjQ [kqyk LFkku gSA blls tqM+s gq, iM+ksl ds edku o bl eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk
ykbZu ds lHkh edkuksa ds vkxs Hkh ,d leku [kqyk LFkku gS] ;g okLrq nks"k ugha pkfg,A ;g ?kjds eqf[k;k dk
gSA S
S LFkku gksrk gSA bl LFkku ij
eafnj gksus ls Hkxoku ds okl eq[; }kj lM+d
eq[; }kj lM+d dk ,glkl gksrk gS vkSj [kqyk LFkku
Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk
NTtk
[kqyk LFkku
vkaf'kd izHkko % Nr djrs gSaA
dk eafnj
jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh NTtk
dejk
nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls dejk jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds dejk
ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa dejk chp esa dahV vkSj lfj;k 3 VkW;ysV
lM+d
ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA VkW;ysV bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA

fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ dh E jlksbZ W
E W nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
lM+d
jlksbZ
dejk
[kqyk LFkku
[kqyk LFkku czLFkku dejk NTts ds uhps fn[kk, vuqlkj dejk
VkW;ysV VkW;ysV
dejk nks ;k pkj fiyj tehu ls
xEHkhj izHkko % VkW;ysV
LVksj
VkW;ysV
LVksj 'kq: djrs gq, gj eafty ij

NTtk mRrj dh nhokj ij
vk[kjh Nr rd [kM+s djsa ykWch
cuk gSA blls /ku dh deh] LVksj
LVksj ykWch ftlls lHkh NTtksa dk otu
efgyk, chekj] LoHkko
fiyjksa ij vk tk,A ;k nhokj
fpM+fpM+k o eku&lEeku fiyj lM+d NTtk fiyj
lM+d NTtk ds cjkcj rd NTtksa dks
de gksxkA
rksM+dj gVk nsaA N
N
S
xEHkhj izHkko % 1- VkW;ysV dks fn[kk, lM+d
fuekZ.k esa ukFkZ&bZLV dksuk dVk S vuqlkj rksM+dj gVk nsaA [kqyk LFkku
gqvk gS] ysfdu Nr pkSjl gS blls nks"k Lo;a gh nwj gks
blfy, ;g dksuk dVus ds izHkko lM+d
[kqyk LFkku tk,saxsA
vkaf'kd jgsaxsA blls ?kj ds
eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj 2- VkW;ysV cukuk vko';d
iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr gS rks bls nf{k.k ;k jlksbZ
u gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku if'pe dh nhokjksa ds
esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku lkFk dksus ls de ls de E eqeVh W
lM+d
dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls jlksbZ

3 fQV nwj cuk,A
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA eqeVh Nr
lM+d
E W
xEHkhj izHkko % dejk Vadh
Nr
Vk;WyVs dk fuek.Zk ukFk& Z oLsV dkuss Vadh
ls lVk gv q k gS o blds ij ikuh dejk Vadh
dh Vd a h j[kh gbqZ gAS blls efgyk,a NTts dk otu fiyj ds
chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld Vadh ij gh jguk pkfg,A
v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gks u k] Vadh fiyj lM+d fiyj
dkVs&
Z dl s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] Vadh
rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd VkW;ysV N
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA lM+d
N
iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA eq[; nhokj
uhpk fuekZ.k
edku
lM+d
E W fuekZ.k
iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA
nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, njoktk lgh
'kqHk lM+d
N
xzkmUM yksj ij eq[; }kj o lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA cksfjax lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV esa gSA jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkM ukFkZ&bZLV dksus
o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA eqeVh lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa
efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud
leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA eq[; efgyk] igyh o ikpoha larku csVh gksus ij chekj
o vf/kd leL;k, jgsaxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa
eq[;}kj o lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha j[ksaA S
larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA lM+d Nr dk
efanj dks nf{k.k eas fn[kkbZ xbZ NTtk
vkaf'kd izHkko % txg ij j[k ldrs gaS ;gkaW efanj
S gkuss ls ?kj eas Hkxoku ds okl dk
ckfsjx
a lkmFk&bLZV eas ?kj ds ckgj Nr dk
gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] i: q "kkas eas NTtk cksfjax
lM+d lsfIVd VSad ,glkl gkrsk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj
Hk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] dh j{kk djrs gAaS dejk
vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] dkVs&Z dl s ]
i'zkklfud leL;k,] nl w jh o NBh jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij
lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg dejk cuk, ftlls vU; njokts lgh
ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA txg ij cu ldsaA VkW;ysV ykWch
E
lM+d
W
VkWaM dks nhokj ls u lVrs gq,
vkaf'kd izHkko % fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A jlksbZ
jlksbZ dh LySc iwoZ dh nhokj ls VkW;ysV ykWch
lM+d
lVh gqbZ gSA ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o E czLFkku W ckfsjxa dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij VkWM
?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA jlksbZ
cuk,A igys ls cuh gbqZ ckfsjxa dks jrs
o feVV~h Hkjdj cna djuk t:jh gAS dejk
vkaf'kd izHkko % lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ

VkWaM ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls cus cksfjax lsfIVd VSad lM+d
gS] blls /ku dh deh] iwjk ifjokj dejk
VkWM
gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh

ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA N
igyh o pkSFkh dks vf/kd leL;k,
jgsaxhA N lM+d
S
xEHkhj iz H kko % ikuh dh Vadh dks eqeVh ds ij lM+d
eeqVh dk fuek.Zk lkmFk&oLsV dkuss fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA
ls lVk gv q k gAS blls ?kj ds lM+d S
efq[k;k] igyh o ikp oha lraku
chekj] cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk] eqeVh
ty s tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh 1- QkbZcj 'khV dks gVk nsaA doj ,fj;k
lHako gAS [kqyk LFkku eqeVh 2- [kqys gq, Hkkx 'ksM }kjk
fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA Vadh
3- doj djus ds fy, dejs dh VkW;ysV

Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh
xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh E W
E [kqyk LFkku W
dk gh iz;ksx djsaA
xEHkhj izHkko % 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh
lM+d
dejs ds fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx gksuk pkfg,A

lM+d
QkbZcj 'khV
pk o nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k
gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a
chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] ekufld dejk
v'kkfUr o eku&lEeku de
gksxkA dejk
lM+d
lM+d N N

lM+d bl edku ds nf{k.k esa eq[; lM+d gSA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA if'pe esa lM+d gSA iwoZ lgh fuekZ.k
'kqHk
esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA eq[; nhokj
edku
[kkyh lM+d
E IykWV W fuekZ.k
mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ ugha njoktk lgh
xyh feysxhA nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ tk,xh Hkh
N

xzkmUM yksj ij cksfjax lkmFk&lkmFkosLV esa gSA lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV esa gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx pk o nf{k.k
Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, vf/kd chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] ekufld v'kkfUr o eku&lEeku esa deh gksxhA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld
v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
eq[; efgyk] igyh o ikpoha larku csVh gksus ij chekj o vf/kd leL;k, jgsaxhA
vkaf'kd izHkko% S
S
cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA blls lM+d lM+d
?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha Nr dk cksfjax Nr dk
larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh NTTkk eq[; }kj
eq[; }kj NTTkk eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa NTTkk
gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA ;g
Hkh laHko gSA VkW;ysV
?kj ds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk
VkW;ysV eafnj
gSA ;gk eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa
czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] dejk Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl dejk
blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA czLFkku gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj E W
E W dh j{kk djrs gSaA ykWch jlksbZ
ykWch jlksbZ lM+d
vyekjh
vyekjh
dejk dejk
eafnj
Nr lsfIVd
NTTkk lsfIVd dk VSad xyh
NTTkk cksfjax
xyh VSad
N
N
vkaf'kd izHkko% cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj ds e/; esa
lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&osLV esa gS blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] xbZ txg esa cuk ldrs gSa o igys fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A igys ls
nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha larku dks ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh ls
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

S S
lM+d 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk lM+d
fn[kk, vuqlkj doj
eqeVh
djsaA
eqeVh
2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, doj
Nr Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa ,fj;k
[kqyk LFkku iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds
xEHkhj izHkko % leku lkexzh dk gh
fuekZ.k ls mRrj Hkkx pk o E W iz;ksx djsaA E W
nf{k.k Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA cjkenk
blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a lM+d 3- ;fn Nr dahV ls cuh gS jlksbZ lM+d
jlksbZ
chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh dahV
ekufld v'kkfUr o ls gh doj djsaA
eku&lEeku de gksxkA dejk dejk
Vadh 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d Vadh
doj ckWyduh leku gh jguk pkfg,A
doj ckWyduh
xyh xyh
N N

lM+d
edku bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha lgh fuekZ.k
S lM+d N gksxkA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA nf{k.k fuekZ.k
cjkcj
lkekU; fuekZ.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy, bl njoktk lgh
E
Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd gks tk,xkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj gSA VkM ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&bZLV dksus o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lh<+h o jlksbZ dh LySc mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh
gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gksus ls nks"k dk izHkko dbZ xquk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj]
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"kksa dk LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud
leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku iq:"k gksus ij chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh
gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA
xEHkhj izHkko %
eq[; }kj osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA
W vkaf'kd izHkko % W
lM+d lh<h+ mRrj dh nhokj ls lVh gbqZ lM+d
gAS blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a NTtk
NTtk
chekj] LoHkko fpMf+pMk+ o
VkW;ysV
VkW;ysV
eku&lEeku de gkx s kA 1- lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o

vkaf'kd izHkko % ykWoh nhokj ds chp dahV
o lfj;k fn[kk,
ykWoh jlkbsZ dh LycS mRrj nhokj ls lVh vuqlkj de ls de 3
gbqZ gAS blls jlkbsZ dk [kpZ c<xs+k o bap rd dkVdj vyx
lM+d
?kj ea s ekufld v'kkfUr jgxshA djsaA

czLFkku
N 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
lM+d
lM+d
S N S
vkaf'kd izHkko % vkSj LySc mRrj dh
jlksbZ VkWaM lkmFk&bZLV ] ukFkZ&bZLV jlksbZ nhokj ls ugha lVuh
dksuksa o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ pkfg,A
lM+d
gSA blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds

lM+d VDdj chekj] izxfr ugha] /ku dh deh] lM+d VDdj VkWM
fy, eq[; nhokj ls de
VkWM
dejk dtsZ] >xM+s] igyh] nwljh] pkSFkh ls de 3 bap nwj ,d

vkSj NBh larku vkSj bl dejs dejk iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk
dk iz;ksx djus okys O;fDr dks [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA
VkWM leL;k,a o iq:"kksa dk LoHkko
E fpM+fpM+k vkSj xqLlSy gksxkA E
'kqHk izHkko %
edku ds lkmFk lkmFk&bZLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS] ;g 'kqHk gSA blls VkWaM dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
v'kqHk ifj.kkeksa esa deh gksxhA

W W
lM+d lM+d 1- eqeVh dks dksus ls u
xEHkhj izHkko % lVrs gq, fn[kk,
eqeVh eqeVh vuqlkj cuk,A
ikuh dh
eqeVh dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV
ikuh dh
lM+d
Vadh dksus ls lVk gqvk gS o ikuh dh Vadh 2- mRrj dh nhokj vkSj

Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSA eqeVh ds chp 3 QhV ;k
blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] blls vf/kd [kkyh
lM+d
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] txg gksus ij nks"k ugha

S N nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl]
lM+d
Nr S Nr N yxsxkA
iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o
lkroha larku dks vf/kd
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh
lM+d
lM+d VDdj jgsxhA lM+d VDdj
E E
lM+d lgh fuekZ.k
edku bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA nf{k.k esa lM+d gSA mkj
lM+d esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
S N
fuekZ.k
[kkyh mRrj o iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ ugha
'kqHk njoktk lgh
IykWV feysxhA nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ tk,xh Hkh
E
xzkmUM yksj ij oLsV&lkmFkoLsV eas e[q;}kj o ckfsjx a gAS oLsV&ukFkoZLsV eas lfsIVd Vd aS gAS VkM
ukFk&
Z bLZV] lkmFk&bLZV dkuss o iowZ dh nhokj ls lVh gAS lh<h+ ukFk&
Z oLsV
dkuss ls lVh gAS jlkbsZ dh LycS mRrj dh nhokj ij cuh gAS cgze~LFkku eas nhokj dk fuek.Zk gAS Nr ij if'pe eas [ky q k LFkku gkuss ls ;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gAS lkmFk&oLsV
dkuss eas Vk;WyVs dk fuek.Zk gS o ikuh dh Vd a h bldh Nr ij j[kh gkuss ls nk"sk dk iHzkko dbZ xuqk c<+ tk,xkA bl Hkou esa ?kj ds efq[k;k] igyh o ikp oha lraku o i:
q "kkas dks
chekjh] cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk] ty s tkuk] ,DlhMVas] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh jgxshA dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkusk] dkVs& Z dl
s o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgxashA
rhljh o lkroha lraku cVsk gkuss ij mls vf/kd o cVsh gkuss ij mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxshA
xEHkhj izHkko % vkaf'kd izHkko % eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa de
eq[; }kj o cksfjax osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ txg ij j[ksaA ls de 3 bap rd dahV o
blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku gS o lsfIVd VSd osLV&ukFkZosLV esa lfj;k dkVdj nhokj ls vyx
chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk]tsy tkuk] gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
,DlhMsaV o e`E;q Hkh laHko gSA >xM+ s ] ekufld v'kkfUr] W mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh
nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] lM+d pkfg,A
W iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o
lM+d VkW;ysV
lsfIVd lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k,
VSad o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj ds e/; esa
fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A igys
czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks
VkW;ysV
cksfjax
gS blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh
lM+d
dejk
lM+d
lM+d
gSA
jlkbsZ dh LycS mRrj nhokj ls lVh S
gbqZ gAS jlkbsZ ds [kpZs c<x
as+ s o ?kj eas N
jlksbZ jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa
S czLFkku N ekufld v'kkfUr jgx s hA
jlksbZ cuk,] ftlls vU; njokts Hkh
vkaf'kd izHkko % lgh txg ij cu ldsaA
lM+d
VkWaM lkmFk&bZLV ] ukFkZ&bZLV

dksuksa o iwoZ dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ dejk
gSA blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] VkWaM dks dksuksa ls u lVrs gq,
dejk chekj] izxfr ugha] /ku dh deh] VkWM
fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
dtsZ] >xM+s] igyh] nwljh ]pkSFkh cksfjax
VkWM
vkSj NBh larku] dks leL;k, E

VkWM
jgsaxhA
E cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk ldrs gSa o igys ls cuh gqbZ
cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can dj nsaA
xEHkhj izHkko % Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&osLV dksus
esa gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds ij j[kh W 1- [kyq s g,q Hkkx dks cuh
W gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o lM+d gbqZ Nr ds fuek.Zk eas
lM+d ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] VkW;ysV i;zkxs dh xbZ lkexhz ds
Vadh eqeVh
ikuh dh vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o leku lkexhz ls 'kM s
Vadh e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA doj ,fj;k }kjk fn[kk, vul q kj
VkW;ysV
[kqyk LFkku doj djAas
xEHkhj izHkko
2- lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds
lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls lVh gqbZ gS chp dahV o lfj;k
blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s]
lM+d
de ls de 3 bap rd
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk]
lM+d
N dkVdj vyx djsaA

lM+d
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh S

S N o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o 3- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA tky Nr mRrj dh nhokj ls ugha
tky Nr lVuh pkfg,A
xEHkhj izHkko 4- lh<+h dks fn[kk,
lM+d
if'pe esa [kqyk LFkku gS] ftlls ;g vuqlkj eqeVh cukdj

Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA blls ?kj ds doj djsaA
eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh
vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk]
,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA E
E

lM+d bl edku ds if'pe esa eq[; lM+d gSA iwoZ ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA nf{k.k lgh fuekZ.k
edku esa lM+d gSA mkj esa lM+d gS] blls efgyk, LoLFk jgsaxhA eq[; nhokj
S N
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
v'kqHk pk iwoZ esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA njoktk lgh
fuekZ.k
nf{k.k o if'pe esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha tk,xhA blfy,
E

xzkmUM yksj ij osLV&lkmFkosLV esa eq[;}kj o cksfjax gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV esa gSA Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA eqeVh
lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud
leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku iq:"k gksus ij chekj] cqjh vknrsa]
vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA
xEHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
eq[; }kj o cksfjax osLV&lkmFkosLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha
larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA
W eafnj dks nf{k.k esa fn[kkbZ
W lM+d xbZ txg esa j[ksaA ;gk
'kqHk izHkko % Nr dk eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku
lM+d
Nr dk
if'pe es a lM+d gS vkSj edku NTtk
ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS
cksfjax NTtk ds iw j s Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k vkSj Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh
gS] okLrq esa lM+d dks Hkh edku j{kk djrs gSaA
dejk
dk gh fgLlk ekuk tkrk gS
dejk blfy, if'pe Hkkx pk o
cslesaV
iwoZ Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gS] ;g eafnj
lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa
fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
'kqHk gSA blls v'kqHk ifj.kkeksa esa N igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad
deh gksxhA S
czLFkku dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj
S N jlksbZ lsfIVd can djuk t:jh gSA
vkaf'kd izHkko % VSad
jlksbZ lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa ?kj
lM+d
lM+d
ls ckgj gSA blls efgyk,a lM+d cksfjax dks ukFkZ&bZLV esa

lM+d
eafnj chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A

v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh dejk igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks
dejk js o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can
?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud cksfjax djuk t:jh gSA
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku E
lsfIVd
VSad E dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA
2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks VkW;ysV mRrj dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq,
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
xEHkhj izHkko % 3- mRrj dh nhokj vkSj VkW;ysV ds chp 3 fQV ;k blls vf/kd [kkyh txg
eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gksus ls okLrq nks"k ugha yxsxkA
W lkmFk&osLV dksus ls lVk W
gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k]
lM+d
igyh o ikpoha larku chekj] lM+d
1- eqeVh dh Nr dks
VkW;ysV cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] VkW;ysV rksM+dj fudkyus ls
eqeVh tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA
Hkh laHko gSA eqeVh
2- ;fn Nr j[kuh
vko';d gS rks eqeVh
dks dksus ls u lVrs gq,
fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
S N
lM+d
lM+d
Nr xEHkhj izHkko % S N 3- eqeVh] dksus ls 3 fQV

Nr
lM+d
VkW;ysV ukFkZ&osLV dksus ls ;k blls vf/kd nwj

lVk gqvk gSA blls efgyk,a gksus ls okLrq nks"k ugha
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld yxsxkA
E E
j
ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&osLV
vkSj ukFkZ&osLV
Qsflax
Hkouksa ds uD'ks
s
rhu rjQ lM+d 318 ukFkZ&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV vkSj lkmFk&osLV Qsflax Hkou
N E
bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa xyh gSA lgh fuekZ.k
lM+d
ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
gksxkA
lM+d
edku
pk
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
xyh v'kqHk
lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds ls bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls njoktk lgh
lkmFk&bZLV ds edku esa tkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA njoktk xyr
W S
xzkmUM yksj ij ckfsjx a nf{k.k eas gAS lfsIVd Vd aS if'pe eas gAS jlkbsZ dh LycS oLsV&ukFkoZLsV dh nhokj ls lVh gAS cgze~LFkku eas nhokj dk fuek.Zk gAS Nr ij if'pe dkuss eas
eeqVh dk fuek.Zk gS o ikuh dh Vd a h bldh Nr ij j[kh gAS dejk ukFk& Z ukFkoZLsV] ukFk&
Z bLZV o bLZV&lkmFkbLZV dh nhokj ls lVk gAS jlkbsZ ukFk& Z oLsV dh nhokj ls lVh gAS
bl Hkou esa efgyk, o i: q "k chekj] i: q "kkas eas cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk] tys tkuk] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk efq[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ij'skku] ifjokj dh ix z fr u gkusk] dt]Zs
>xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkusk] vkx&pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] dkVs& Z dls o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA nl
w jh o NBh lraku cVsk gks rks vf/kd o cVsh gks rks de leL;k, o
fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA rhljh o lkroha lraku cVsh gks rks mls vf/kd o cVsk gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA
xzkmUM yksj okLrq lek/kku ls igys
ukFkZ&bZLV vkSj lkmFk&osLV nksuks rjQ NTts dk fuekZ.k gksus ls ;g okLrq nks"k ugha xzkmUM yksj okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
gSA fdUrq /;ku jgs fd ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ NTts dh eksVkbZ o Hkkj lkmFk&osLV dh
rjQ ds NTts ls de jguk t:jh gSA N E lsfIVd VSad mRrj esa fn[kkbZ
E czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] blds lsfIVd VSad
lM+d xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls
N cksfjax
lM+d Nr dk vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA Nr eq[; }kj cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o
NTTkk
dk feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk
eq[; }kj xEHkhj izHkko % NTTkk t:jh gSA
cksfjax nf{k.k eas gAS blls efgyk o L=h dejk
dejk lraku dks xEHkhj chekjh] cjqh vknr]as vkpZ cksfjax vkSj eq[;}kj dks iwoZ esa
eku&lEeku u gkusk] LoHkko fpMf+pMk+ o fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
vkpZ dejk
ftnn~h gkxs kA cz igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr
dejk LFkku
o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk
lM+d
xaHkhj izHkko %
lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds
cz t:jh gSA
lM+d
LFkku
cz eafnj
LFkku eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj ?kj ls dejk
eafnj ckgj jguk] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] jlksbZ
dejk jlksbZ dh LySc] lh<+h o nhokj
jlksbZ o tsy tkuk laHko gSA ds chp dadzhV o lfj;k fn[kk,
VkW;ysV vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd
vkaf'kd izHkko % dkVdj vyx djasA fdlh Hkh
VkW;ysV
cksfjax lh<+h vkSj jlksbZ dh LySc gky esa lh<+h o LySc ukFkZ&osLV
osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gAS dh nhokj ls ugh lVuh pkfg,A
xyh
blls ?kj ds efq[k;k o i:
q "k lraku ?kj
xyh ls ckgj jgx
as As W S
W S
xEHkhj izHkko %
dejk mkj dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus N E
okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh]
eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls lM+d
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko %
dejk iowZ dkuss ls lVk gv q k gAS blls i:
q "kkas 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
dejk
N E dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
lM+d /ku dh deh] dkVs&Z dl s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] 2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq,
lraku u gkusk o xHkiZkr gkusk lHako gAS
dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa
xEHkhj iz H kko % iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds
lM+d
jlksbZ
dejk
fuek.Zk eas if'pe Hkkx c<+ x;k gAS blls ?kj leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx
ds efq[k;k o i: q "k lraku chekj] cjqh vknr]as djsaA
lM+d
vijk/kh gkusk o tys tkuk Hkh lHako gAS

doj ,fj;k 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku
jlksbZ xEHkhj iz H kko gh jguk pkfg,A
eeqVh dk fuek.Zk if'pe dkuss ls lVk gS vkjS
blds ij ikuh dh Vd a h j[kh gbqZ gAS blls ?kj
ds efq[k;k o i:
q "k lraku ?kj ls ckgj jgxasAs
eqeVh
Vadh
Nr xEHkhj izHkko %
xyh ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ
jlksbZ o dejs dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dh x;h txg ij j[ksaA
nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] W S
dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k
eqeVh gksuk] iz'kklfud leL;k,a] rhljh o lkroha
Vadh
W larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls
xyh S ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

N E
lM+d bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa xyh gSA lgh fuekZ.k
ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA eq[; nhokj
edku
cjkcj
lM+d
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
lM+d lkekU; lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds ls bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls njoktk lgh
W S lkmFk&bZLV ds edku esa tkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h o jlksbZ dh LySc osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA NTts dk if'pe dksuk dV x;k gSA Nr ij eqeVh o dejk
osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA LVksj lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k
gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA
ukFkZ&bZLV vkSj lkmFk&osLV nksuks rjQ NTts dk fuekZ.k gksus ls ;g okLrq nks"k
ugha gSA fdUrq /;ku jgs fd ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ NTts dh eksVkbZ o Hkkj
lkmFk&osLV dh rjQ ds NTts ls de jguk t:jh gSA N E
lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa fn[kkbZ lsfIVd
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % N E xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls cus Nr dk
VSad
gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh NTtk Ckksfjax eq[;}kj
lh<+h vkSj jlksbZ dh LySc lM+d
osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh Nr dk Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
NTtk Ckksfjax eq[;}kj
gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k dejk
larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV
o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de
lM+d
dejk
xEHkhj izHkko % ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj
jlksbZ
Nr ds NTts dk if'pe dksuk dVk vyx djsaA
gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h cz
LFkku
lM+d
iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa o ?kj jlksbZ

ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha
ls ckgj jgsaxsA cz
LFkku lVuh pkfg,A
3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, UP
xEHkhj izHkko % UP
eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 VkW;ysV
lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls lsfIVd bap dh txg NksM+dj ,d
efgyk o L=h larku chekj] VkW;ysV VSad iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s lM+d
ekufld v'kkfUr] eku&lEeku u dj ldrs gSaA W S
gksuk] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o ftn~nh o lM+d
lq[k 'kkfUr ugha gksxhA NTts ds c<+s gq, Hkkx dks fn[kk,
W S vuqlkj rksM+dj gVk nsaA

vkaf'kd izHkko %
N E Nr pkSjl gS fdUrq fuekZ.k esa iwoZ dksuk
o lkmFk&bZLV Hkkx dV x;k gSA N E
lM+d
blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] larku lM+d
u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld
v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,]
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,]
Nr nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd dejs o eqeVh dks ukFkZ&osLV dh
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, Nr
vuqlkj de ls de 1 QhV nwj
lM+d
cuk,A
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko %
dejk LVksj lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk
gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] dejk
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh
eqeVh
?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud
LVksj leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dks LVksj dks fn[kk, vuqlkj rksM+dj eqeVh
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh gVk nsaA
lM+d jgsxhA lM+d
W S
xEHkhj izHkko W S
eeqVh vkjS dejs dk fuek.Zk UkkFk&
Z oLsV dh nhokj ls lVk gAS blls i: q "k chekj]
dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkusk] dkVs& Z dl
s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,]
rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA

N E okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko % xyr fuekZ.k
ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
edku
uhpk
fuekZ.k gksxkA
lM+d
fuekZ.k
xyh v'kqHk lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds ls bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls njoktk lgh
xzkmUM yksj ij lh<+h iwoZ dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax if'pe esa gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gSA Nr ij lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ij
VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSA dejk ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] ?kj ds
eqf[k;k] iq:"k] igyh o ikpoha larku dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o vle; e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k
gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku
csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
vkaf'kd izHkko % N E 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp ckfsjx
a o e[q;}kj dks iowZ eas fn[kkbZ
lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj o iwoZ dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, xbZ txg eas cuk,A igys ls cuh gbqZ
lM+d ckfsjx
a dks jrs o feVV~h Hkjdj cna
dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap
eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk eq[; }kj
rd dkVdj vyx djsaA djuk t:jh gAS
ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h iwoZ N E
gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] [kqyk LFkku VkW;ysV dksus ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A lsfIVd VSad lM+d cksfjax
larku u gksuk] xHkZikr o igyh vkSj 3- lh<h+ dk otu jkd s us ds fy, eq[; }kj
pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o e[q; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bp a
dejk
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA dh txg NkMsd + j ,d iryh
nhokj ;k LrEHk [kMs + dj ldrs gAaS [kqyk LFkku
xEHkhj izHkko % eafnj VkW;ysV
dejk
ckfsjx
a if'pe eas gAS blls ?kj ds cz
LFkku dejk
eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh
lM+d
vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa
,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA dejk fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A dejk
igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad cz
dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj LFkku
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % jlksbZ can djuk t:jh gSA
cksfjax ykWch
lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gSA
blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha lsfIVd dejk
VSad VkW;ysV
larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa
gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q xyh fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA
Hkh laHko gSA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk ykWch jlksbZ
W S gksrk gS] ;gk eafnj gksus ls eafnj
?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk VkW;ysV
,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku xyh
Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys W S
xEHkhj izHkko %
N E N E
dejs dk fuek.Zk bLZV&lkmFkbLZV dh lM+d lM+d
nhokj ls lVk gv
q k gAS blls iq:"k chekj] 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud [kqyk LFkku [kqyk LFkku
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd 2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq,
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa
xEHkhj izHkko % iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds
dejk
lM+d
leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx dejk

dejk ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk
gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] djsaA
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk]
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh 3- ;fn dejs dh Nr dahV
lM+d
o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks

fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA [kqyk LFkku Hkh dahV ls gh doj djsaA
doj ,fj;k
xEHkhj izHkko % 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku
VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls gh jguk pkfg,A
lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds ij j[kh
gSA blls efgyk, chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] Vadh
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh VkW;ysV ikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa Vadh VkW;ysV
?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA
nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, xyh xyh
o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA W S W S
ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl eq[; nhokj
edku
pk de gksxkA
lM+d
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
lM+d v'kqHk lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds ls bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls njoktk lgh

xzkmUM yksj ij lh<+h mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkM lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA
dejk osLV&ukFkZosLV o lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh
dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk
gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % NTts ds uhps fn[kk, vul q kj nks ;k pkj fiyj tehu ls 'k: q djrs g,q gj
ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ij NTts dk fuekZ.k gS] blls iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr efaty ij vk[kjh Nr rd [kMs+ djas ftlls lHkh NTtkas dk otu fiyjkas ij vk
u gksuk] ?kj dk eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL;ksa dks o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd tk,A ;k nhokj ds cjkcj rd NTtkas dks rkM s d
+ j gVk nAas NTts ds xky
s Hkkx
leL;k, jgsaxhA dks rkM
s d
+ j fn[kk, vul
q kj lh/kk djAas
vkaf'kd izHkko % N E
lh<h+ mkj dkuss o ukFk& Z bLZV dh N lM+d E
nhokj ls lVh gbqZ g]S blls ?kj ds
lM+d
NTTkk 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp fiyj lsfIVd fiyj NTTkk
lsfIVd VSad
efq[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkjS ijwk VSad dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, eq[; }kj
eq[; }kj vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap
ifjokj ij'skku] efgyk,W chekj] ix z fr cksfjax
u gkusk] /ku o eku&lEeku eas deh cksfjax rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
efgykvkas dk LoHkko fpMf+pMk+ o igyh 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h VkW;ysV ykWch
vkjS pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o VkW;ysV ykWch ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls
fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA ugha lVuh pkfg,A
xyh
jlksbZ jlksbZ cz
xyh
vkaf'kd izHkko % cz LFkku

VkMW ukFk&
Z oLsV dh nhokj ls lVh gbqZ g]S LFkku fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls
de 3 bap dh txg VkWM
blls efgyk,a chekj] ekufld v'kkfUr] VkWM
i'zkklfud leL;k,] dt]Zs >xMs + o rhljh NksM+dj ,d iryh nhokj
vkjS lkroha lraku dks leL;k,a jgxashA ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs dejk
dejk gSaA
vkaf'kd izHkko % eafnj
VkMW lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls lVh gbqZ eafnj
lM+d
g]S blls efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xMs+ lM+d VkWaM dks nhokjksa ls u lVrs
ekufld fpUrk,]a i'zkklfud leL;k,]a gq,] fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A W S
W S
vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,a o nl w jh vkjS
NBh lraku dks leL;k,a jgx
as hA Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys NTts dk otu fiyj ds ij N E
gh jguk pkfg,A fiyj lM+d fiyj NTTkk
xEHkhj izHkko %
eeqVh mkj dh nhokj ls lVh gbqZ g]S blls N E
/ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku lM+d NTTkk 1- eqeVh dh Nr dks rksM+dj
ea s deh o LoHkko fpMf+pMk+ gkxskA fudky nsaA
doj ,fj;k
xEHkhj Hkko % eqeVh fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
dejk lkmFk&lkmFkbLZV dh nhokj ls
lVk gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs 3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq,
>xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh dejs ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx
xyh
?kVuk,] dkVs&
Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] [kqyk Hkkx dh xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh
nlw jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, lkexzh tSls QkbZcj ;k
o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA Vhu 'ksM dk iz;ksx djsaA
xyh
dejk
xEHkhj izHkko% dejk 4- QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM dks
dejs dk fuek.Zk oLsV&ukFkoZLsV dh dejs dh Nr ds uhps ls
nhokj ls lVk g]S blls efgyk,a o i: q "k gh yxk,a o bldk <+ky lM+d
chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ gh W S
nhokfy;k gkusk] dkVs&
Z dls ] i'zkklfud j[ksaA
leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha lraku dks lM+d
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh
jgx
s hA W S

ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
lM+d
edku
uhpk gksxkA
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
v'kqHk lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds ls bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls njoktk lgh
xyh

xzkmUM yksj ij cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij
eqeVh iwoZ dksus o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA dejk mRrj dksus] ukFkZ&osLV o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] ?kj ds
eqf[k;k] iq:"k] igyh o ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] /ku dh deh] ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] dtsZ]
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
ugha gSA fdUrq /;ku jgs fd ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ NTts dh eksVkbZ o Hkkj lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
lkmFk&osLV dh rjQ ds NTts ls de jguk t:jh gSA txg ij cuk,A igys ls cus gq, ij cuk,A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax
xEHkhj izHkko % lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can
N E Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA djuk t:jh gSA
lh<h+ iowZ dkuss o lkmFk&bLZV dh
lM+d Nr dk nhokj ls lVh gAS blls i: q "k
eq[; }kj NTTkk chekj] lr a ku u gkusk] xHkiZkr] E
N 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV o
eafnj dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] lsfIVd VSad lM+d lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls
dejk vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] eq[; }kj de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx
cksfjax
dkVs&Z dl
s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] djsaA
nl
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh dejk 2- fdlh Hkh gky eas lh<h+ iowZ dkuss o
dejk lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls ugha
jgxs hA
lVuh pkfg,A
lM+d
czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] 3- lh<h+ dk otu jkd s us ds fy, e[q;
lM+d
cz dejk
LFkku blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA nhokj ls de ls de 3 bp a dh
dejk txg NkMsd + j ,d iryh nhokj
jlksbZ xEHkhj izHkko % ;k LrEHk [kMs + dj ldrs gAaS
cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA blls dejk
VkW;ysV
?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha jlksbZ
cksfjax larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] efanj dks lkmFk&oLsV eas fn[kkbZ
lsfIVd vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] xbZ txg eas j[kAas ;g LFkku ?kj ds
W ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA VkW;ysV efq[k;k dk gkrsk g]S bl LFkku ij
xyh VSad
S eafnj efanj gkuss ls ?kj eas Hkxoku ds okl
xaHkhj izHkko % dk ,glkl gkrsk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a
lfsIVd Vd
aS nf{k.k ea s gAS blls efgyk o L=h lraku dks xEHkhj chekjh] cjqh vknr]as xyh ?kj dh j{kk djrs gAaS
eku&lEeku u gkusk] LoHkko fpMf+pMk+ o ftnn~h gkx s kA W S
N E xEHkhj izHkko %
lM+d dejk mkj dkuss o ukFk&Z bLZV vkjS N E
ukFk&
Z oLsV dh nhokj ls lVk gAS lM+d
blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] dekus okys 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
dejk eqeVh lnL; vkjS ijwk ifjokj ij'skku]
efgyk,W chekj] ix
z fr u gkusk] /ku o fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
dejk eqeVh
Vadh eku&lEeku eas deh] efgyk, 2- doj djus ds fy, cus g,q
chekj] LoHkko fpMf+pMk+ o igyh dejs dh Nr ds fuek.Zk eas
vkjS pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd i;zkx
s dh xbZ lkexhz ds leku
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA lkexhz dk gh i;zkx
s djAas
lM+d
3- ;fn dejs dh Nr dhV ls

lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh

eeqVh iowZ dkuss o lkmFk&bLZV dh doj ,fj;k dhV ls gh doj djAas
Nr nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vd a h Hkh 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh
blds ij j[kh gAS blls i: q "k jguk pkfg,A
chekj] lraku u gkusk] xHkiZkr] dt]Zs
>xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o
pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] dkVs& Z dl s ] ikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa
i'zkklfud leL;k,] nl w jh o NBh Vadh fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[ksaA
xyh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg
W S ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA W xyh S

S W okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko % xyr fuekZ.k
lM+d bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lgh fuekZ.k
edku ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
uhpk lM+d gksxkA fuekZ.k
fuekZ.k
njoktk lgh
v'kqHk lM+d lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds ls bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls
E N

xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj lkmFk&osLV esa gSA lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&osLV esa gSa o lh<+h Hkh ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls
lVh gSA cksfjax if'pe esa gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa iwoZ dksuk dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] iq:"k
larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] iq:"k] igyh o ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk o
iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
lkmFk&oLsV eas vkxs dh rjQ [ky q k LFkku gAS blls tM q s+ g,q iMk+l
s ds edku o bl
ykbuZ ds lHkh edkukas ds vkxs Hkh ,d leku [ky q k LFkku g]S blfy, ;g nk"sk ugha gAS jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp esa de ls de 3 bap rd dahV o lfj;k
S W dkVdj vyx djus ls ;g nhokj ls ugha lVsxhA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc
xEHkhj izHkko % lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
lM+d e[q; }kj lkmFk&oLsV eas gAS blls
[kqyk LFkku cksfjax ?kj ds efq[k;k] igyh o ikp oha lraku
Nr chekj] cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk] ty s
dk S W eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
NTtk tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh lHako gAS esa cuk,A
lM+d
dejk
dejk xEHkhj izHkko % lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa de
[kqyk LFkku
lM+d
cz
cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds Nr ls de 3 bap rd dahV o
VkW;ysV eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh dk
LFkku lfj;k dkVdj vyx djsaA
NTtk
vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
jlksbZ dejk
,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA dejk ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha
lM+d
[kqyk dejk
LFkku cz lVuh pkfg,A
lsfIVd
vkaf'kd izHkko % LFkku
sV
;y
dejk VSad lfsIVd Vd aS ukFk&

Z oLsV eas gS o lh<h+ lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa fn[kkbZ
VkW
LVksj jlksbZ
VkW;
Hkh ukFk&
Z oLsV dh nhokj ls lVh gbqZ
ysV
gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ [kqyk xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls
ykWch LFkku dejk cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o
LVksj ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkusk] dejk feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh
sV
dkVs&Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,]

;y
gSA
VkW
lM+d rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd VkW;ysV

LVksj
E N leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA ykWch
LVksj cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
vkaf'kd izHkko % lsfIVd txg ij cuk,A igys ls cuh
jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr iRuh esa >xM+s cksfjax lM+d VSad gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls
o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA E N Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA

S W
lM+d
ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ
S W xEHkhj izHkko % txg ij j[ksaA
[kqyk LFkku
lM+d Vk;WyVs] dejk] eeqVh o jlkbsZ dk Vadh Vadh Vadh
[kqyk LFkku fuek.Zk mkj dkuss o ukFk& Z oLsV dh
nhokj ls lVk gvq k gS o ikuh dh Vd a h
Vk;WyVs dh Nr ij j[kh gAaS blls jlksbZ 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
doj ,fj;k
lM+d efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpMf+pMk+] eqeVh fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
eku&lEeku de] dt]Zs >xM]s+ 2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq,
lM+d
jlksbZ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkusk]

eqeVh Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa
dkVs&
Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] dejk iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds
rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx
Nr leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA
djsaA
dejk 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku
vkaf'kd izHkko %
VkW;ysV
Vadh jguk pkfg,A

fuek.Zk ea s iowZ dkusk o ukFk&
Z bLZV Hkkx dVk
Vadh gvq k g]S blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] dekus okys
E lM+d N
VkW;ysV Vadh lnL; vkjS ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] chekj]
ixzfr u gkusk] /ku o eku&lEeku ea s
lM+d deh] lraku u gkusk] xHkiZkr o igyh vkjS
pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg
E N ls ij'skkuh jgxshA

ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA eq[; nhokj
edku
lM+d
fuekZ.k
cjkcj
fuekZ.k
lkekU; lM+d
E N lkmFk&bZLV ds edku esa tkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj if'pe esa gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA NTtk xksy gksus ls nf{k.k o if'pe dksus dV x, gSaA lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&osLV esa
gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV o osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k] chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk]
tsy tkuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk, o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o
csVh gksus ij mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xaHkhj izHkko %
vkxs dh rjQ Nr dk NTtk xky s g]S ftlls nf{k.k dkusk dV x;k gAS blls efgyk o L=h eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg NTts ds xksy Hkkx dks rksM+dj
lraku chekj] eku&lEeku eas deh] LoHkko fpMf+pMk+ vkjS ftnn~h o ekufld v'kkfUr jgx
s hA esa j[ksaA fn[kk, vuqlkj lh/kk djsaA
xaHkhj izHkko % 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp
S W S W
vkxs dh rjQ Nr dk NTtk xky s g]S ftlls dahV o lfj;k fn[kk,
lM+d if'pe dkusk dV x;k gS o e[q;}kj Hkh lM+d
vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap
if'pe esa gAS blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k
larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
dejk dejk ykWoh ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls
ykWoh
vkaf'kd izHkko % ugha lVuh pkfg,A
lh<h+ oLsV&ukFkoZLsV dh nhokj ls lVh g]S blls lM+d
3- lh<h+ dk otu jkd s us ds
?kj ds efq[k;k o i:
q "k lraku ?kj ls ckgj jgxsAas
VkW;ysV
VkW;ysV
jlksbZ jlksbZ fy, e[q; nhokj ls de ls

vkaf'kd izHkko % de 3 bp a dh txg
cz lsfIVd cz NkM
s d
+ j ,d iryh nhokj
LFkku lfsIVd Vd
aS ukFk&Z oLsV eas gAS blls efgyk,a LFkku
VSad chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] ;k LrEHk [kMs+ dj ldrs gAaS
dejk dejk cslesaV
fnokfy;k gkusk] rhljh o lkroha lraku dks
lM+d leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa
lsfIVd
fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
'kqHk izHkko % VSad igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad
xSyjh
dejk xSyjh lkmFk&oLsV ea s pkMaSh+ lMd + gS o ukFk&Z bLZV ea s dejk dks jsr vkSj feV~Vh ls Hkjdj
cslesaV iryh lMd + g]S vkjS edku ds ijws Hkkx ea s cls eVas can djuk t:jh gSA
lM+d dk fuek.Zk g]S okLrq ea s lMd
+ dks Hkh edku dk gh lM+d cksfjax
cksfjax fgLlk ekuk tkrk gS blfy, lkmFk&oLsV Hkkx ea s
E N E N
p h txg T;knk o ukFk& Z bLZV Hkkx ea s p h
txg de gS ;g 'kHqk gAS Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
S W
S 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM
W }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj
lM+d xEHkhj izHkko%
dejs o eqeVh dk fuekZ.k dejk doj djsaA
osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk
gS] blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] 2- doj djus ds fy, igys
dejk ls cus gq, dejs dh Nr
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] eqeVh
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] cjkenk
Vadh lM+d ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh
rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh
eqeVh leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh lkexzh tSls QkbZcj 'khV
cjkenk jgsxhA
Vadh ;k Vhu 'ksM dk iz;ksx
djsaA
doj ,fj;k
lM+d xEHkhj Hkko % 3- 'ksM dk <+ky ukFkZ&bZLV
dejk lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls dh rjQ gh j[ksaA bls
lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dejs dh Nr ds uhps ls
dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] gh yxk,A
[kqyk LFkku
nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd E lM+d N
E lM+d N jgsxhA
xyr fuekZ.k
S W okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %
edku ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
pk lM+d gksxkA fuekZ.k
fuekZ.k
v'kqHk lM+d
E N
xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh
if'pe dksus ls lVh gSA VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA ikuh dh Vadh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA dejk bZLV&lkmFkbZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o
ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k] chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr]
vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk] nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha
xaHkhj izHkko % S W eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa S W
eq[; }kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls lM+d cksfjax j[ksaA lM+d
?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV o
cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3
,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh dejk
dejk Hkh gky esa lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj
vkaf'kd izHkko% ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh cz
gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku cz jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp LFkku
jlksbZ LFkku
dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de jlksbZ
lM+d
lM+d
?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA cjkenk cjkenk
ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx
djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc
vkaf'kd izHkko % lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh
jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj dejk LVksj
pkfg,A dejk LVksj
ls lVh gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o
?kj ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA ckfsjx
a dks iowZ eas fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij
E lM+d N cuk,A igys ls cuh gbqZ ckfsjxa dks jrs o cksfjax lM+d
feVV~h Hkjdj cna djuk t:jh gAS E N

xEHkhj iz H kko% Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
eqeVh if'pe dksus ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds
eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA S W S W
lM+d
ikuh dh Vadh dks eqeVh dh lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % Nr ij fn[kkbZ txg ij
VkW;ysV nf{k.k dksus ls lVk gSA blls efgyk o j[ksaA eqeVh
sV
;y
sV
L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko

;y
eqeVh Vadh
VkW
VkW
fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr

jgsxhA 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM
xEHkhj izHkko % }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj
Nr doj ,fj;k
ikuh dh Vadh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ [kqyk LFkku doj djsaA
gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld
v'kkfUr] iz'kklfud leL;k,] vkx o pksjh dh Vadh 2- doj djus ds fy, cus
lM+d
lM+d
?kVuk,a o nwljh vkSj NBh larku dks leL;k,a gq, dejs dh Nr ds

jgsaxhA fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ
xEHkhj iz H kko % lkexzh ds leku lkexzh
dejk iowZ dkuss o lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls lVk gAS dk gh iz;ksx djsaA dejk
dejk
blls i: q "k chekj] lraku u gkusk] xHkiZkr] dt]Zs >xM]s+
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] dkVs& Z dl
s ] 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d
i'zkklfud leL;k,] nl w jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leku gh jguk pkfg,A
lM+d lM+d
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxshA
E N E N
xEHkhj izHkko %
dejk mkj dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV vkSj ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k]
dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] efgyk,W chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o
eku&lEeku esa deh] efgyk, chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks

edku ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
uhpk
lM+d
gksxkA fuekZ.k
fuekZ.k
njoktk lgh
v'kqHk xyh lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds ls bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls
E N

xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj o lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkM iwoZ dksus
o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA Nr ij eqeVh osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA dejk bZLV&lkmFkbZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o
ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k] chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld
v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA ?kj ds dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA nwljh o NBh
larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
vkaf'kd izHkko % eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk pkfg,A eq[; }kj dks nf{k.k esa
cksfjax ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] ;g ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk LFkku gksrk gSA fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh ] lkroha larku dks ;gk eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds S
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA W
okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA eq[; }kj
S W
lsfIVd VSad o eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA lM+d lsfIVd
blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] VSad lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV o lfj;k
eq[; }kj
cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dejk
,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa
dejk
vkaf'kd izHkko% lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha
lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh lVuh pkfg,A
gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] VkW;ysV cz
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A LFkku
lM+d
jlksbZ dh LySc dks Hkh fn[kk, vuqlkj
cksfjax
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh ] VkW;ysV

lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o cz gh cuk,A jlksbZ
LFkku ykWch
jlksbZ ykWch VkWM
VkWM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
xEHkhj izHkko %
lM+d
jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls dejk

lVh gqbZ gS] blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o cksjx dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij
?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA
VkWM
dejk cuk,A igys ls cuh gq, ckfjax dks cksfjax lM+d lsfIVd
xEHkhj izHkko % feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA VSad
E N
VkM
W iowZ dkuss o nhokj ls lVh gbqZ gAS blls lM+d
i#
q "k chekj] eku&lEeku eas deh] LoHkko lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd
xLqlyS ] Hk; o dke lVs u gkusk lHako gAS E N VSad dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
xEHkhj iz H kko%
eeqVh oLsV&ukFkoZLsV dh nhokj ls lVh gAS S W
lM+d S lM+d W
blls i: q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks
s ] 'ksM }kjk fn[kk,
i'zkklfud leL;k,] rhljh ] lkroha lraku dks ikuh dh ikuh dh
Vadh vulkj doj djsaA Vadh
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA
2- doj djus ds fy, doj ,fj;k
eqeVh eqeVh
xEHkhj iz H kko % cus gq, dejs dh
dejk iwoZ dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa Nr ds fuekZ.k esa
dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk;] eku&lEeku o /ku iz;ksx dh xbZ
dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] lkexzh ds leku
lM+d
larku u gksuk o xHkZikr Hkh laHko gSA

lM+d
[kqyk LFkku lkexzh dk iz;ksx

djsaA
xEHkhj izHkko %
dejk mkj dkuss o ukFk& Z bLZV dh nhokj ls 3- iwjh Nr dk ry
lVk gv q k gAS blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a ,d leku gh jguk
chekj] LoHkko fpMf+pMk+] ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] dejk
pkfg,A dejk
chekj] ix z fr u gkusk] /ku dh deh] cMh+ lraku
cVsk gks rks dke lVs ugha o cVsh gks rks lljqky
ls ij'skku jgx s hA E lM+d N
lM+d N
E

W
lM+d bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk lgh fuekZ.k
vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk eq[; nhokj
edku jgsaxsA
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
pk fuekZ.k njoktk lgh
lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds ls bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls
S v'kqHk E lkmFk&bZLV ds edku esa tkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA jlksbZ dh LySc osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA vyekjh iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls
lVh gSA Nr ij LVksj osLV&ukFkZosLV o eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjsh dh
?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gkusk] dkVs&
Z dls o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA nl
w jh o NBh lraku cVsk gks rks vf/kd o cVsh gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA rhljh o lkroha
lraku cVsh gks rks mls vf/kd o cVsk gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA
xEHkhj izHkko % LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp dadzhV vkSj lfj;k eq[; }kj dks mRrj esa
vkaf'kd izHkko % fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA
jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh eq[; }kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gS] blls efgyk,a
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] dkVdj vyx djsaA LySc fdlh Hkh gky esa
nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud
ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA W N
W N lM+d
lM+d NTtk
NTtk
vyekjh
lM+d
VkW;ysV
lM+d
jlksbZ
VkW;ysV czLFkku
jlksbZ
vyekjh
lM+d
NTtk
czLFkku dejk
lM+d
cksfjax
dejk
dejk
cksfjax
dejk
vyekjh
vyekjh
NTtk
S E
S E
vkaf'kd izHkko % LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp dadzhV vkSj lfj;k
vkaf'kd izHkko % fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd vyekjh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ
lh<+h o vyekjh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh dkVdj vyx djsaA LySc fdlh Hkh gky esa txg esa cuk,A
gSA blls efgyk, chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld vyekjh iwoZ dh nhokj ls
v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] lVh gqbZ gS] blls iq:"k ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dks chekj] Hk;] eku&lEeku o
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA /ku dh deh] jgsxhA Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
LVksj dks ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys de ls de 1 fQV nwj cuk,A
xEHkhj izHkko %
LVksj osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] W N
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o
lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA lM+d
W N
lM+d Vadh LVksj
Nr
lM+d
lM+d
Vadh LVksj
eqeVh
[kqyk LFkku
lM+d
Nr
lM+d
S E
eqeVh
eqeVh dks lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk,

S E vuqlkj de ls de 1 fQV nwj cuk,A
xEHkhj izHkko %
eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk, chekj] dtsZ]
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

W N okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko % xyr fuekZ.k
lM+d
bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de lgh fuekZ.k
edku gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
[kkyh
IykWV ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds ls bl edku dks tkZ ugha njoktk lgh
S v'kqHk E feysxh fdUrq tkZ tk,xh Hkh ugha A blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkM iwoZ
dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij LVksj lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA VkW;ysV o lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh
VkW;ysV dh Nr ij j[kh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k] chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr]
vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh
jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp
e[q; }kj o ckfsjxa if'pe ea s gAS blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] xbZ txg esa j[ksaA daahV o lfj;k fn[kk,
vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap
vkaf'kd izHkko % rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
N W N
W lM+d lh<h+ mRrj dkuss o ukFk& Z oLsV dh lM+d lsfIVd 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj
lsfIVd nhokj ls lVh gAS blls efgyk,a dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh
VSad VSad
chekj] LoHkko fpM+ f pM+ k ] nhokj ls ugha lVuh
VkW;ysV
eku&lEeku de] dt]Zs >xM]s+ pkfg,A
cksfjax ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkusk]
VkW;ysV
dkVs&Z dl s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds

rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls
lM+d
ykWch de 3 bap nwj ,d iryh

ykWch leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA
vkaf'kd izHkko %
lM+d
jlkbsZ dh LyoS ukFk& Z bLZV dh nhokj ls czLFkku jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij
lM+d
lVh gbqZ gAS blls jlkbsZ ds [kpZs c<xas+s o

lM+d
czLFkku jlksbZ
?kj ea s ekufld v'kkfUr jgxshA jlksbZ
cuk, ftlls vU; njokts Hkh
lgh txg ij cu ldsaA
vkaf'kd izHkko %
VkWM
VkWM iwoZ dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls
VkWM
dejk
iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; dejk cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh txg ij cuk,A igys ls cuh
deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls
leL;k,] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr cksfjax
S VkWM
gksuk laHko gSA S Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
E E
vkaf'kd izHkko % VkM dks dksuksa ls u lVrs gq,
VkM
W iowZ dkuss o lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls lVh gAS blls efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
larku u gksuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o
NBh larku dks leL;k, jgsaxhA
1- lh<h+ o nhokj ds chp d
a hV o
xEHkhj izHkko % W N lfj;k de ls de 3 bp a rd
lM+d dkVdj vyx djAas
VkW;ysV o lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh
W lM+d N nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha
Vadh VkW;ysV >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k VkW;ysV
gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud lVuh pkfg,A

leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha larku Vadh 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds
dejk dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls dejk fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA de 3 bap nwj ,d iryh
Nr
lM+d
Nr
lM+d
lM+d
[kqyk LFkku xEHkhj izHkko% [kqyk LFkku

ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ x;h
lM+d
LVksj lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls

lVk gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dejk txg ij j[ksaA
dejk
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] dejs dks lkmFk&bZLV dh
nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk,
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh LVksj
LVksj vuqlkj de ls de 3 QhV nwj
jgsxhA cuk,A
S E S E

lM+d bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk lgh fuekZ.k
vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk
edku
eq[; nhokj
jgsaxsA
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
pk
fuekZ.k njoktk lgh
S E
lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds ls bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls
v'kqHk

ukFkZosLV esa eq[; lM+d gS o Hkou ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij
VkW;ysV mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA eqeVh if'pe dksus ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k] chekj] cqjh vknrsa]
vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gksuk o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha larku
dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
eq[; }kj dks mkj esa fn[kkbZ lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij mfpr
xEHkhj izHkko % xbZ txg ij j[ksaA gS fdUrq bls mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij
eq[; }kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cukuk loZJs"B gSA
cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA
W N efanj dks lkmFk&oLsV eas gkusk
lM+d pkfg,A ;g ?kj ds efq[k;k dk
W N xEHkhj izHkko % LFkku gkrsk g]S bl LFkku ij
cksfjax lM+d ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gS vkSj efanj gkuss ls Hkxoku ds okl dk
edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk ,glkl gkrsk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a
fuekZ.k gS] okLrq esa lM+d dks dejk lsfIVd ?kj dh j{kk djrs gAaS
Hkh edku dk gh fgLlk ekuk VSad
dejk tkrk gS blfy, ukFkZ&osLV cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
cslesaV Hkkx Wapk o lkmFk&bZLV Hkkx txg ij cuk,A igys ls cuh
uhpk gks x;k gSA blls eafnj VkW;ysV gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls
lM+d
VkW;ysV lsfIVd
VSad efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
lM+d
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k czLFkku jlksbZ
lM+d
czLFkku gksuk] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,a] cslesaV ds nks"k dks nwj djus ds
jlksbZ iz'kklfud leL;k,a] fy,] bls lM+d ds cjkcj rd
dksVZ&dsl] nwljh] rhljh ]NBh Hkjokdj edku esa iwjs Q'kZ dk
lM+d
vkSj lkroha larku dks vf/kd ry ,d leku djsaA Q'kZ dk

dejk
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh ry vf/kd ls vf/kd 9 bap
dejk jgsxhA rd pk j[k ldrs gSaA
eafnj S cslesaV E cksfjax
S E
eqeVh dks ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 1 QhV
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys nwj MkWVsV ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A
W N
lM+d 1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks
W N xEHkhj izHkko rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k
lM+d dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA
eqeVh osLV&ukFkZosLV dh
nhokj ls lVh gS] blls ?kj ds eqeVh 2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d
VkW;ysV eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls gS rks bls ;gk ls rksM+dj
eqeVh ckgj jgsaxsA gVk nsaA
3- u;k VkW;ysV MkWV~sM ykbZu
lM+d
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa gh

VkW;ysV mRRkj dksus o cuk,A
lM+d
lM+d
Nr
ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk Nr
gSA blls /ku dh deh]
efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku
esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld
iz'kklfud leL;k,a]
dksVZ&dsl] rhljh vkSj S E
S E jgsxhA

W
lM+d bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ lgh fuekZ.k
izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA
edku eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
cjkcj
fuekZ.k lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds ls bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls njoktk lgh
S lkekU; E lkmFk&bZLV ds edku esa tkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o VkM ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkM iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr
ij eqeVh mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; ijs'kku] ifjokj dh izxfr
u gksuk] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr
u gksuk laHko gSA nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k, jgsaxhA igyh] rhljh] pkSFkh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko %
eq[; }kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] eq[; }kj dks lgh txg ij j[kus ds eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha larku dks fy, VkW;ysV dks ;gk ij cuk ldrs gSaA esa cuk,A
W N
vkaf'kd izHkko %
W N lM+d
lh<++h ukFkZ&bZLV nhokj ls lVh
lM+d
gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k]
dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk 1- lh<+h] LySc o nhokj ds
VkW;ysV chp daahV o lfj;k
VkW;ysV ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u
gksuk] /ku dh deh] eku&lEeku fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de
esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx
ykWoh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o ykWoh djsaA
lM+d
eafnj
eafnj
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h o
lM+d
lM+d
LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj

lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

czLFkku
czLFkku jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh
nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls jlksbZ 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds
jlksbZ
jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls
ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA lM+d VDdj
VkWM de 3 bap nwj ,d iryh
lM+d nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj
VkWM dejk
VDdj
'kqHk izHkko %
VkWM
dejk
edku ds nf{k.k Hkkx esa lM+d
VDdj yx jgh gS] ;g 'kqHk gSA S E VkM dks dksuksa ls u lVrs gq,
VkWM
S E fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
vkaf'kd izHkko %
VkWM nf{k.k o iwoZ dksus] vkSj lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
efgyk,a o iq:"k chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] vkx o pksjh dh
?kVuk,] iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dks leL;k, jgsaxhA
ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys xbZ txg ij j[ksaA 1- eqeVh dh Nr o nhokjksa dks
W N W N rksM+dj fudkyus ls nks"k nwj
lM+d lM+d
gks tk,xkA
2- ;fn eeqVh j[kuh vko';d gS
rks bls nhokjkas ds de ls de 3
QhV dh njwh ij fn[kk,
eqeVh xaHkhj izHkko% vul q kj cuk ldrs gAaS fdUrq
eqeVh mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV Vadh
Vadh eqeVh eeqVh dh mp aW kbZ de ls de
dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh j[kas o bls gYdh lkexhz tl S s
Vadh blds ij j[kh gSA blls QkbcZj ;k Vhu 'kM s }kjk doj
?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys djAas blls bl nk"sk dk iHzkko
lM+d
lnL;] efgyk, vkSj iwjk ifjokj

lM+d
lM+d
vkfa'kd jg tk,xkA
lM+d

Nr /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh o 3- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus
igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks ds fy, igys ls cuh gqbZ
Nr lh<+h o eqeVh dks rksM+dj
lM+d VDdj ijs'kkuh jgsxhA gVk nsaA
lM+d VDdj 4- ubZ lh<+h o eqeVh dks if'pe
vkSj lkmFk&osLV esa MkWV~sM
ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa
cuk,A
S E S E

j
ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&osLV
vkSj lkmFk&bZLV
Qsflax
Hkouksa ds uD'ks
s
rhu rjQ lM+d 331 ukFkZ&bZLV] lkmFk&bZLV vkSj lkmFk&osLV Qsflax Hkou
lM+d bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esas eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA lgh fuekZ.k
edku lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
pk lM+d gksxkA
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
v'kqHk lM+d njoktk lgh
ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls
W S ukFkZ&osLV ds edku esa tkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij lh<+h bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA VkM o jlksbZ dh LySc osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh
bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA fuekZ.k esa iwoZ dksuk dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa
deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks leL;k, jgsaxhA
vkaf'kd izHkko % cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o
lh<+h bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,]
nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA N E 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV o
lM+d cksfjax lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de
vkaf'kd izHkko % eq[; }kj 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
N lM+d E jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
ls lVh gqbZ gS blls ifr&iRuh esa lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha
>xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr dejk lVuh pkfg,A
jgsxhA 3- lh<h+ dk otu jkd
s us ds fy, e[q; nhokj
dejk
xEHkhj izHkko % ls de ls de 3 bpa dh txg NkMsd + j
cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA blls ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kMs + dj
lM+d
cjkenk ldrs gAaS
efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s]
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh cz
jlksbZ LFkku
cksfjax ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp
cz
jlksbZ LFkku leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dks dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de
cjkenk vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko% dejk dejk nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A

dejk
dejk VkM osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls
VkWM
lVh gS] blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] VkWM

VkM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o rhljh lM+d
vkSj lkroha larku dks leL;k, W S
W lM+d S jgsaxhA
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys N E
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
N E
lM+d
fuek.Zk ea s iowZ dkusk dV x;k gAS blls i: q "kka s 3- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs
dks chekjh] LoHkko xLqly S ] /ku o dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh
eku&lEeku ea s deh jgxshA i: q "k lraku u dejk
eqeVh
xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk
gkusk] xHkiZkr] dkVs& Z dl
s o ljdkjh gh iz;ksx djsaA
leL;k,a jgxashA doj ,fj;k
eqeVh 4- ;fn cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr dahV
dejk Vadh ls cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh
lM+d
Nr
dejk dadzhV ls doj djsaA
[kqyk LFkku VkW;ysV
lM+d
VkW;ysV cjkenk xEHkhj izHkko % dejk

eeqVh dk fuek.Zk lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj
ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vd a h bldh Nr ij ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
j[kh gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ Vadh
esa j[ksaA
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh lM+d
dejk ?kVuk,] dkVs&
Z dl s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,]
nlw jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o W S
fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA
lM+d
W S
lM+d bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esas eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa lgh fuekZ.k
lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa eq[; nhokj
edku
uhpk lM+d
fuekZ.k dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA fuekZ.k
njoktk lgh
v'kqHk lM+d ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls njoktk xyr
W S ukFkZ&osLV ds edku esa tkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA
xzkmUM yksj ij lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA czg~eLFkku esa
nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa if'pe dksuk dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k
chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh
o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
ukFkZ&bZLV esa vkxs dh rjQ [kqyk LFkku gSA blls tqM+s gq, iM+ksl ds edku o lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg eq[; }kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
bl ykbZu ds lHkh edkuksa ds vkxs Hkh ,d leku [kqyk LFkku gS] ukFkZ&bZLV esa ij cuk,A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks txg esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA
[kqyk LFkku 'kqHk gSA jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
vkaf'kd izHkko % nhokj dk ftruk Hkkx czg~eLFkku
N E lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls N E esa gS] ml Hkkx dks fn[kk, vuqlkj
lM+d
Nr dk lVh gbqZ gAS blls efgyk,a lsfIVd VSad rksM+dj gVk nsaA
eq[; }kj NTtk chekj] i:q "kkas eas Hk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+ lM+d eq[; }kj
[kqyk LFkku ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh [kqyk LFkku lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa
dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] NTtk dahV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk,
i'zkklfud leL;k,] nl w jh o vuqlkj 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx
dejk NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, dejk djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
dejk o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA dejk lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha
cz lVuh pkfg,A
cz VkW;ysV vkaf'kd izHkko % LFkku VkW;ysV
LFkku
jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp
eafnj
jlksbZ nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls jlksbZ esa dahV vkSj lfj;k fn[kk,
lM+d
lM+d
ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa vuqlkj 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx

[kqyk LFkku ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA [kqyk LFkku dejk djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc
dejk
dejk
ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha
VkW;ysV xEHkhj izHkko % VkW;ysV dejk
lVuh pkfg,A
LVksj VkW;ysV lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls LVksj VkW;ysV
efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa gksuk
ykWch lsfIVd ykWch
LVksj ekufld v'kkfUr] LVksj
pkfg,A ;g ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk
VSad
eku&lEeku u gksuk] LoHkko eafnj LFkku gksrk gS] ;gk eafnj gksus ls
fpM+fpM+k o ftn~nh o lq[k Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk
lM+d NTtk lM+d NTtk gS vkSj Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk
'kkfUr ugha gksxhA
W S W S djrs gSaA
N E
N E xEHkhj izHkko % lM+d 1- [ky
q s g,q Hkkx dks fn[kk,
jlksbZ] eqeVh] dejk o VkW;ysV vul q kj doj djAas
lM+d [kqyk LFkku
dk fuekZ.k lkmFk&bZLV dh
[kqyk LFkku nhokj ls lVk gqvk gS o ikuh 2 doj djus ds fy, cus gq,
Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa
dh Vadh blds ij j[kh gSA iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds
blls efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa esa doj ,fj;k
leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx
Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld djsaA
v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh jlksbZ
jlksbZ ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud 3- ;fn cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr
eqeVh
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dahV ls cuh gS rks bl
eqeVh
lM+d
Nr dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls Hkkx dks Hkh dahV ls gh

lM+d
[kqyk LFkku ijs'kkuh jgsxhA doj djsaA

dejk
Vadh 4- ;fn iwjh Nr dks doj djuk

Vadh laHko u gks rks igys ls cus
fuekZ.k esa if'pe dksuk o gq, fuekZ.k dks ogkWa ls
Vadh
lkmFk&osLV Hkkx dVk gqvk gS] Vadh rksM+dj gVk nsA
Vadh
bllss ?kj ds eqf[k;k] iq:"k]
VkW;ysV Vadh igyh o ikpoha larku chekj] ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ
lM+d
W lM+d S cqjh vknrsa o ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA W S txg ij j[ksaA

lM+d bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esas lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lgh fuekZ.k
lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA eq[; nhokj
edku
cjkcj
lM+d
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
lM+d lkekU; ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls njoktk lgh
E N ukFkZ&osLV ds edku esa tkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gS o NTts dk iwoZ dksuk dV x;k gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls
lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh o dejk iwoZ dksus vkSj bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA LVksj ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj]
iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k
gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o csVh gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku
csVh gksus ij vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xaHkhj izHkko %
eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg S W
vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA ij j[ksaA lM+d Nr
dk
NTtk
xaHkhj izHkko % S lM+d W Nr
jlksbZ dh LySc dks fn[kkbZ xbZ
cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o dk txg ij cuk,A LySc]
L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa Ckksfjax NTtk ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls de ls dejk
deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh de 3 bap nwj gksuh pkfg,A
o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA ftlls ;g nhokj ls u lVsA
dejk
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV
jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de
lM+d jlksbZ
nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr cz ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj
iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa ekufld LFkku vyx djsaA
jlksbZ
VkW;ysV
v'kkfUr jgsxhA 2- fdlh Hkh gky eas lh<h+ iowZ dkuss
ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
xEHkhj izHkko % 3- lh<h+ dk otu jkd s us ds fy,
Nr ds NTts dk iowZ dkusk dVk gv q k g]S e[q; nhokj ls de ls de 3 lsfIVd
o lh<h+ Hkh iowZ dkuss ls lVh gbqZ gAS blls VkW;ysV Ckksfjax VSad
bp
a dh txg NkM s d
+ j ,d
i:q "kka s dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kMs+ dj
eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dkVs& Z dl s ] lM+d
lsfIVd E N
VSad ldrs gAaS
i'zkklfud leL;k,] lraku u gkusk o N cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
xHkiZkr gkusk lHako gAS E NTts ds dVs g,q Hkkx dks gYdh ij cuk,A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax
lkexhz tl
S s QkbcZj o Vhu 'kM
s ~ ls dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can
ukFkZ&bZLV vkSj lkmFk&osLV nksuks rjQ NTts dk fuekZ.k gksus ls ;g okLrq nks"k doj dj lh/kk djAas djuk t:jh gSA
ugha gSA fdUrq /;ku jgs fd ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ NTts dh eksVkbZ o Hkkj
lkmFk&osLV dh rjQ ds NTts ls de jguk t:jh gSA Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys S W
xEHkhj izHkko % 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk lM+d
dejk bLZV&lkmFkbLZV dh nhokj ls lVk S W
fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
gAS blls i: q "k chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ lM+d
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh 2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq,
?kVuk,] dkVs&Z dl s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa doj ,fj;k
nl w jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds
fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx
djsaA
xEHkhj izHkko %
eeqVh dk fuek.Zk iowZ dkuss ls lVk gv
q k gAS lM+d 3- ;fn dejs dh Nr dahV ls lM+d dejk
blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; cuh gqbZ gS] rks bl Hkkx dks
yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dejk Hkh dahV ls gh doj djsaA
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] larku
u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA 4- vxj ,slk djuk laHko u gks eqeVh
rks cus gq, Hkkx dks rksM+dj LVksj
xEHkhj izHkko % eqeVh gVkus ls Hkh ;g nks"k nwj gks
LVksj
LVksj dk fuek.Zk ukFk&
Z ukFkoZLsV dh nhokj tk,xkA E lM+d N
ls lVk gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs lM+d
>xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] rhljh o lkroha
lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls E N
ij'skkuh jgx
s hA

edku lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
uhpk gksxkA
lM+d
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
xyh v'kqHk ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls njoktk lgh

xzkmUM yksj ij e[q;}kj o ckfsjx a if'pe eas gAS lkmFk&oLsV eas [ky q k LFkku gAS lh<h+ lkmFk&lkmFkbLZV dh nhokj ls lVh gAS jlkbsZ dh LycS ukFk& Z ukFkbZLZV dh nhokj ls
lVh gAS Nr ij dejk oLsV&ukFkoZLsV o lkmFk&lkmFkbLZV dh nhokj ls lVk gAS Vk;WyVs mRrj dkuss ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vd a h bldh Nr ij j[kh gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk,
chekj] ?kj ds efq[k;k] igyh] ikp oha lraku o i:q "kkas dks chekjh] cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk o tys tkuk lHako gAS /ku dh deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjsh dh
?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gkusk] dkVs&Z dl s o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA nlw jh o NBh lraku cVsh gks rks vf/kd o cVsk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA rhljh o lkroha
lraku cVsk gks rks vf/kd o cVsh gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA
xEHkhj izHkko %
S W lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV o lfj;k eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa
lh<h+ lkmFk&lkmFkbLZV dh nhokj ls lVh de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx j[ksaA
lM+d cksfjax gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] i: q "kka s ea s Hk;] dt]Zs
Nr dk djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
NTtk >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh 1- [ky q s g,q Hkkx dks 'kMs }kjk fn[kk,
?kVuk,] dkVs&Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] pkfg,A S vul q kj doj djAas
nl w jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o W
[kqyk LFkku fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxshA lM+d
2- doj djus ds fy, cus g,q dejs dh Nr ds
VkW;ysV fuek.Zk ea s i;zkxs dh xbZ lkexhz ds leku
Nr dk
xEHkhj izHkko % NTtk lkexhz dk gh i;zkxs djAas
dejk VkW;ysV 3- ;fn dejs dh Nr d a hV ls cuh gS rks
lkmFk&osLV esa [kqyk LFkku gS ftlls
;g Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gSA blls ?kj ds doj ,fj;k bl Hkkx dk s Hkh d
a hV ls gh doj djAas
dejk eqf[k;k o igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks 4- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks gj eafty ij
cz chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy eafnj doj djsaA
LFkku
lM+d tkuk] ,DlhMsaV Hkh laHko gSA dejk eafnj dks if'pe esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
dejk
ij j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk
xEHkhj izHkko % dejk gksrk gS] ;gk eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa
eafnj eq[; }kj o cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls cz
LFkku Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o
ykWch jlksbZ ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] lM+d Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA
cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk]
VkW;ysV ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA dejk jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds chp
dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls
xyh jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
ls lVh gSA blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs jlksbZ fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh
E N o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA ykWch
VkW;ysV nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
ugha gSA fdUrq /;ku jgs fd ukFkZ&bZLV dh rjQ NTts dh eksVkbZ o Hkkj cksfjax cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa
cuk,A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o
lkmFk&osLV dh rjQ ds NTts ls de jguk t:jh gSA E N feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
S lM+d W
[kqyk LFkku
xEHkhj izHkko % S lM+d W
dejk lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa
eqeVh doj ,fj;k j[ksaA
lVk gqvk gSA blls efgyk,a
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld
v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] Vadh 1- VkW;ysV dh igys ls cuh gqbZ Nr
dejk
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] dks rksM+dj fudky nsaA
nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd dejk
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
jgsxhA fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
lM+d 2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq, dejs
lM+d dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh
[kqyk LFkku xbZ lkexzh ls gYdh lkexzh dk
iz;ksx djsaA
tky 3- ;fn dejs dh Nr dahV ls cuh
VkW;ysV mkj dksus ls lVk gqvk gS
VkW;ysV o ikuh dh Vadh Hkh blds ij gS rks bl Hkkx dks QkbZcj ;k
j[kh gSA blls /ku dh deh] Vhu'ksM ls doj djsaA
Vadh efgyk,a chekj] eku&lEeku esa
deh] o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k 4- 'ksM dks cuh gqbZ Nr ds uhps ls
xyh yxk, vkSj bldk <+ky
gksxkA E N
E N xyh ukFkZ&bZLV dh vksj gh j[ksaA

lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
edku
pk
lM+d
fuekZ.k gksxkA fuekZ.k

xyh v'kqHk ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls njoktk lgh

xzkmUM yksj ij lkmFk&osLV esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus o bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA
czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVdj eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSA dejk
osLV&ukFkZosLV o lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh] ikpoha larku o iq:"kksa
dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o
iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks vf/kd o
csVh gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xaHkhj izHkko % jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
eq[; }kj lkmFk&osLV eas gAaS blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o cM+h larku dks xEHkhj ij cuk, ftlls vU; eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA
chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk o ?kj ls ckgj jguk laHko gSA njokts lgh txg ij cu
W ldsaA jlksbZ dh LySc dks Hkh S W
vkaf'kd izHkko % S fn[kk, vuqlkj gh cuk,A
jlksbZ esa LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh lM+d Nr lM+d NTTkk
nhokj ls lVh gAaS blls ifr&iRuh dk
NTTkk 1- lh<h+ o nhokj ds chp d a hV
eas FkkM
s s+ >xMs+ o ?kj eas ekufld
v'kkfUr jgx s hA ea f nj o lfj;k fn[kk, vul q kj eafnj
dejk de ls de 3 bp a rd dejk
xEHkhj izHkko % vkpZ
dkVdj vyx djAas vkpZ
lh<h+ iowZ dkuss o ukFk&
Z bLZV dh nhokj 2- fdlh Hkh gky eas lh<h+ iowZ
dkuss o ukFk& Z bLZV dh dejk
ls lVh gbqZ gAS blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dejk
dekus okys lnL; vkSj iwjk nhokj ls ugha lVuh lM+d
ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] larku u pkfg,A
cz
gksuk] xHkZikr] izxfr u gksuk] /ku LFkku 3- lh<h+ dk otu jkd s us ds fy,
lM+d
dh deh] eku&lEeku esa deh o dejk e[q; nhokj ls de ls de 3

bp
a dh njwh ij ,d iryh dejk
igyh vkSj pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd jlksbZ
jlksbZ
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kMs + dj
jgsxhA ldrs gAaS VkW;ysV
VkW;ysV
cksfjax cksfjax
czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ
gSA blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls
lsfIVd
lsfIVd VSad xyh xyh VSad
mkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij
E N cukuk loZJs"B gSA E N

xEHkhj izHkko%
dejs dk fuekZ.k osLV&ukFkZ&osLV dh S W ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg S W
nhokj ls lVk gS] blls iq:"k chekj] lM+d
dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o rhljh ij j[ksaA lM+d
vkSj lkroha larku dks leL;k, jgsaxhA
Vadh
xEHkhj izHkko % dejk dejk
dejs dk fuek.Zk lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls 1- eqeVh dh cuh gqbZ Nr dks
lVk gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs rksM+dj fudky nsa o lhf<+;ksa
>xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh dks [kqyk NksM+ nsaA
?kVuk,] dkVs&
Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] 2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
lM+d
nlw jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, jlksbZ

o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA
3- doj djus ds fy, cus g,q dejs
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % Nr dh Nr ds fuek.Zk eas i;zkxs dh

eeqVh dk fuek.Zk iowZ dkuss o ukFk&Z bLZV dh xbZ lkexhz ls gYdh lkexhz dk
nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vd a h blds ij gh i;zkxs djAas doj ,fj;k
j[kh gAS blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] dekus okys eqeVh 4- ;fn dejs dh Nr d a hV ls cuh
lnL; vkjS ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] chekj] lraku u Vadh gS rks bl Hkkx dks QkbcZj o Vhu
gkusk] xHkiZkr] ixzfr u gkusk] /ku dh deh] 'kM
s ls doj djAas
eku&lEeku ea s deh o igyh vkjS pkFSkh lraku E N E N
xyh xyh
dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxshA

E S okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko % xyr fuekZ.k
lM+d
bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ lgh fuekZ.k
edku eq[; nhokj
izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esas lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA
fuekZ.k
lM+d
lM+d
cjkcj
fuekZ.k
njoktk lgh
N lkekU; W ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls njoktk xyr
ukFkZ&osLV ds edku esa tkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

xzkmUM yksj ij lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkM mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls
lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks
rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV o lfj;k fn[kk,
vkaf'kd izHkko % vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx
lh<++h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
E S E S
'kqHk izHkko % lM+d
lM+d
edku ds ukFkZ&ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx eq[; }kj eq[; }kj
esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gS] ;g
'kqHk gSA blls v'kqHk izHkkoksa esa VkW;ysV VkW;ysV
deh vk,xhA
lM+d
eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa

ykWoh fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[kuk
loZJs"B gS] ;g LFkku ?kj ds ykWoh
eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku
lM+d
lM+d
czLFkku ds okl dk ,glkl gksrk gS o czLFkku

VkWM mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk
dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls /ku eafnj jlksbZ jlksbZ
djrs gSaA
dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ]
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] lM+ lM+d VDdj
nhokfy;k gksuk] o rhljh vkSj d VDdj eafnj
VkWM
lkroha larku dks leL;k, dejk VkM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj dejk
VkWM
jgsaxhA cuk,A
VkWM
N W N W

xEHkhj izHkko %
eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj E S E S
ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a lM+d lM+d
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld eqeVh dks dksus ls u lVrs
v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud eqeVh vkSj nf{k.k dh nhokj
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku eqeVh ds chp 3 QhV ;k blls eqeVh
dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls vf/kd [kkyh txg gksus ij
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA Vadh okLrq nks"k ugha yxsxkA Vadh
lM+d
lM+d
lM+d
lM+d
Nr Nr
lM+d VDdj lM+d VDdj
N W N W
E
lM+d
bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de lgh fuekZ.k
edku gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esas lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
[kkyh
IykWV njoktk lgh
ukFkZ&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ ugha njoktk xyr
N W
v'kqHk feysxh fdUrq tkZ tk,xh Hkh ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA

xzkmUM yksj ij lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVdj lh<+h dk fuekZ.k gSA VkM mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus esa VkW;ysV dk
fuekZ.k gSA eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh
deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh
jgsxhA
1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp E S
E S xaHkhj izHkko % dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, lM+d
lM+d lsfIVd lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls vuqlkj de ls de 3
efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eq[; }kj
eq[; }kj VSad bap rd dkVdj vyx
eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko djsaA
fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
VkW;ysV
VkW;ysV
ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj
vkaf'kd izHkko % ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds gkWy
gkWy
fy, eq[; nhokj ls de
lM+d
lM+d
lVh gAS blls efgyk,a chekj]
dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] ls de 3 bap nwj ,d
lM+d
lM+d
vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk

czLFkku jlksbZ
dkVs&Z dl
s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA jlksbZ
nl
lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa
vyekjh
vkaf'kd izHkko % fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A
VkWM mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad
dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk dejk
dejk dh nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls lsfIVd
/ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] t:jh gSA VSad VkWM
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] dtsZ] >xM+s]
VkWM ekufld v'kkfUr o rhljh vkSj VkM dks dksuksa ls u lVrs gq,
lkroha larku dks leL;k,a N W
N W fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
E S E S
xEHkhj izHkko eqeVh dks dksus ls u lVrs lM+d
eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV nhokj ls lM+d gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] eqeVh vkSj lkmFk&bZLV dh
dts Z ] >xM+ s ] ekufld VkW;ysV eqeVh Vadh nhokj ds chp 3 QhV ;k eqeVh Vadh
v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh blls vf/kd [kkyh txg
?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] jlksbZ gksus ij okLrq nks"k ugha jlksbZ
iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o yxsxkA
NBh larku dks vf/kd
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh Nr
jgsxhA [kqyk LFkku
lM+d
lM+d
lM+d
dejk Nr dejk
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko %
iwoZ dksus esa VkW;ysV dk tky VkW;ysV dks ;gk ls tky
fuekZ.k gSA blls iq:"kksa dks rksM+dj gVk nsa o if'pe
xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa dejk
dejk cuk,A
eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh]
leL;k,] larku u gksuk o VkW;ysV
xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA N W N W

lM+d bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa lgh fuekZ.k
edku dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esas lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk eq[; nhokj
jgsaxsA
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
pk
fuekZ.k njoktk lgh
ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls
N v'kqHk W ukFkZ&osLV ds edku esa tkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA njoktk xyr

lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS o Hkou ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM yksj ij bZLV&lkmFkbZLV ls lVdj lh<+h dk fuekZ.k gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gSA
Nr ij iwoZ dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k
larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha
larku dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh
jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV o
lh<+h iwoZ dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls
Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] larku E S de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx
u gksuk] xHkZikr] iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o djsaA
lM+d
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA cksfjax 2- fdlh Hkh gky eas lh<h+ iowZ dkuss o
xEHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj ukFk&
Z bLZV dh nhokj ls ugha
E S lkmFk&bLZV eas lMd + gS vkjS lVuh pkfg,A
lM+d edku ds ijws Hkkx eas cl s eVas dk 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy,
cksfjax
eq[; }kj fuek.Z k g]
S okLr q ea s lMd + dks Hkh dejk eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3
edku dk gh fgLlk ekuk tkrk gS cslesaV bap nwj ,d iryh nhokj ;k
blfy, lkmFk&bLZV Hkkx uhpk LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA
dejk gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs VkW;ysV
cslesaV >xM+ s ] ekufld v'kkfUr] cslesaV dks lM+d ds cjkcj rd
lM+d
lM+d
i'zkklfud leL;k,] dkVs& Z dl s ] czLFkku
lsfIVd
Hkjokdj lM+d o Q'kZ dk ry ,d
VkW;ysV VSad vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,]a nhokfy;k jlksbZ cjkcj djsaA Q'kZ dk ry lM+d ls
gkusk] nlw jh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha vf/kd ls vf/kd 9 bap rd Wapk
czLFkku lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o j[k ldrs gSaA
jlksbZ fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA eafnj
lsfIVd lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa fn[kkbZ
VSad dejk
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls cus

lM+d
eafnj lfsIVd Vd aS lkmFk&oLsV eas gAS gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls
blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] igyh o Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
ikp
oha lraku chekj] cjqh vknr]as N W
dejk
vijk/kh gkusk] ty s tkuk]
,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh lHako gAS Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
N W
1- VkW ; ys V dh Nr dks fudkyus ls ;g nks " k nw j gks tk,xkA
2- ;fn Vk;WyVs dks Nr lfgr j[kuk vko';d gS rks bl Vk;WyVs dks rkM s d + j gVk nAas
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys 3- u;s VkW ; ys V dk fuekZ . k if'pe vkS j lkmFk&os L V es a MkW V ~ s M ykbZ u ls
fn[kkbZ xbZ txg es a gh djs a A
xEHkhj izHkko % E S
E S eqeVh dk fuekZ.k iwoZ dksus ls lM+d
lM+d lVk gqvk gSA blls iq:"kksa dks 1- eqeVh dh Nr fudkyus ls ;g
xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] nks"k nwj gks tk,xkA
eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] eqeVh 2- ;fn eqeVh dh Nr j[kuh
VkW;ysV dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud vko';d gS rks bls dksus ls
eqeVh leL;k,] larku u gksuk o de ls de 3 QhV dh nwjh ij
xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk ldrs gSA
eqeVh dh WapkbZ de ls de
xEHkhj izHkko % j[ksa o bls gYdh lkexzh tSls
VkW;ysV lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj QkbZcj ;k Vhu 'ksM ls doj
djsaA blls bl nks"k dk izHkko
lM+d
lM+d
lM+d
lM+d
ls lVk gqvk gSA blls efgyk, Nr

Nr
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld vkaf'kd jg tk,xkA
v'kkfUr] iz'kklfud leL;k,] 3- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj djus
ds fy, cuh gqbZ lh<+h o
dksVZ&dsl] vkx o pksjh dh eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA
?kVuk,a] nwljh] o NBh larku 4- ubZ lh<+h o eqeVh dk fuekZ.k
dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls if'pe vkSj lkmFk&osLV esa
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA MkWV~sM ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ
txg esa gh djsaA
N W N W

lM+d bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esas eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA lgh fuekZ.k
edku lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
pk
fuekZ.k lM+d gksxkA fuekZ.k
v'kqHk lM+d
njoktk lgh
W S ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls njoktk xyr
ukFkZ&osLV ds edku esa tkZ tk,xh HkhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko de jgsxkA

xzkmUM yksj ij lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA eq[; }kj mRrj dksus esa gSA Nr ij eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj]
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh
gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
vkaf'kd izHkko % eq[; }kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ

eq[; }kj mRrj dksus esa gS] blls efgyk, chekj txg esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA
N E
N E lM+d eq[; }kj
lM+d [kqyk LFkku
eq[; }kj lsfIVd VSad cksfjax
[kqyk LFkku cksfjax
lsfIVd VSad
vkaf'kd izHkko %
lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp
ls lVh gSA blls efgyk, esa dahV vkSj lfj;k gkWy
chekj] dts Z ] >xM+ s ] gkWy fn[kk, vuqlkj 3 bap
ekufld v'kkfUr] rd dkVdj vyx djsaA lM+d
fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
sV
iz ' kklfud leL;k, ] ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ;y
VkW
lM+d
rhljh o lkroha larku dks ugha lVuh pkfg,A
sV
;y
VkW
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls dejk

:e kWFk
c
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
dejk
:e kWFk
jlksbZ
c
jlksbZ
W lM+d S
W lM+d S
1- eqeVh dks rksM+dj N E

N E
gVkus ls nks"k nwj gks lM+d
lM+d tk,xkA
2- ;fn eqeVh dks j[kuk [kqyk LFkku
[kqyk LFkku
t:jh gS rks bls
vkaf'kd izHkko % fn[kk, vuqlkj nhokj
lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh ls u lVrs gq, de ls
nhokj ls lVh gSA blls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,A eqeVh
efgyk, chekj] dtsZ] eqeVh bldh pkbZ de ls lM+d
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] lM+d de j[ksa o gYdh Nr
fnokfy;k gksuk] lkexzh ls doj djsaA [kqyk LFkku
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud Nr
[kqyk LFkku
leL;k,] rhljh o 3- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls
lkroha larku dks vf/kd nwj djus ds fy, igys
leL;k, o fookg ls Vadh
Vadh ls cuh gqbZ lh<+h o
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA eqeVh dks rksM+dj gVk
nsa o bls MkWVsM ykbZu
ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa W lM+d S
W lM+d S
cuk,

lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls efgykvksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
edku
uhpk
lM+d
fuekZ.k gksxkA fuekZ.k

njoktk lgh
xyh v'kqHk ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxh fdUrq okLrq nks"k gksus ls

xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj if'pe dksus esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dh
nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSaA bl Hkou esa ?kj dk eqf[k;k o iq:"k chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA efgyk, chekj
dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xaHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ 1- lh<h+ o nhokj ds chp
txg esa cuk,A da hV o lfj;k fn[kk,
eq[; }kj if'pe eas gAaS blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh vul q kj de ls de 3 bp a
gksuk] tsy tkuk o ?kj ls ckgj jguk laHko gSA rd dkVdj vyx djAas
2- fdlh Hkh gky eas lh<h+
lM+d vkaf'kd izHkko % ukFk& Z oLsV dh nhokj ls
S W S lM+d
W ugha lVuh pkfg,A
eq[; }kj lh<+h ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj eq[; }kj
eafnj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk, 3- lh<h+ dk otu jkd s us ds
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] eafnj fy, e[q; nhokj ls de ls
ekufld v'kkfUr] de 3 bp a dh njwh ij ,d
dejk fnokfy;k gksuk] dejk dejk iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud [kMs + dj ldrs gAaS
jlksbZ larku dks vf/kd leL;k,
sV
;y
lM+d o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jlksbZ VkW;ysV

VkW
lM+d
jgsxhA
sV
;y
jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj

sV
;y
VkW
VkW
ds chp esa dahV vkSj
vkaf'kd izHkko % lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj 3
dejk dejk jlksbZ esa LySc bap rd dkVdj vyx
lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls
dejk dejk djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa
lVh gAaS blls ifr&iRuh eas LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh
FkkM
s s+ >xMs+ o ?kj eas nhokj ls ugha lVuh
E lM+d N ekufld v'kkfUr jgx s hA lM+d
pkfg,A
E N
S lM+d lM+d
W S W
xEHkhj izHkko %
Vadh eqeVh ukFkZ&osLV dh Vadh
nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh eqeVh dks fn[kk, vuqlkj
dh Vd a h bldh Nr ij ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls u
j[kh gAaS blls efgyk,a lVrs gq, de ls de 3
eqeVh eqeVh QhV nwj cuk,A
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s]
lM+d ekufld v'kkfUr] lM+d
fnokfy;k gksuk]
Nr dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud Nr
[kqyk LFkku leL;k,] rhljh o [kqyk LFkku
leL;k, o fookg ls
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
E lM+d N E lM+d N

j
lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV
vkSj ukFkZ&bZLV
Qsflax
Hkouksa ds uD'ks
s
rhu rjQ lM+d 341 ukFkZ&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV vkSj lkmFk&bZLV Qsflax Hkou
lM+d
bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk lgh fuekZ.k
edku edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
cjkcj lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks
fuekZ.k tkZ ugha feysxhA fdUrq okLrq nks"kksa gksus ds dkj.k lkmFk&osLV ds edku esa tkZ njoktk lgh
W lkekU; S tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xEHkhj gks tk,xkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij lh<+h] VkM o jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA if'pe o ukFkZ&osLV Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus o
bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVdj eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds ij j[kh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh]
/ku dh deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o
NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij mls de
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
N E
xEHkhj izHkko % lM+d eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
N E
lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls lVh gAS eq[; }kj esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA
lM+d
eq[; }kj blls efgyk,a chekj] i: q "kkas eas Hk;] dt]Zs
>xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh VkW;ysV lh<+h] jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds
VkW;ysV ?kVuk,] dkVs&
Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] ykWoh chp dahV o lfj;k fn[kk,
ykWoh
nlw jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd
lM+d
o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh
vkaf'kd izHkko % gky esa lh<+h o LySc
lM+d
cz lkmFk&bZLV o iwoZ dh nhokj ls
lM+d
jlkbsZ dh LycS lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls LFkku

ugha lVuh pkfg,A
lM+d
cz lVh gbqZ gAS blls ifr&iRuh eas >xMs+ jlksbZ

LFkku lM+d VDdj
jlksbZ gkx
as s o ?kj eas ekufld v'kkfUr jgx
s hA
lM+d VDdj
VkM dks dksuksa ls u lVrs gq,
vkaf'kd izHkko % dejk fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
VkM
W lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls lVh gAS
blls efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ vkx o
VkWM
dejk
VkWM
pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] i'zkklfud leL;k,] W S v'kqHk lM+d VDdj ds mik; dks
VkWM nl
w jh o NBh lraku dks leL;k, jgx as hA
W S 1- edku ds ftrus Hkkx esa VDdj yx le>us ds fy, ;g fp= ns[ksa %&
xEHkhj izHkko % jgh gS mlds lkeus fn[kk, vuqlkj nhokj dh pkbZ 8 QhV
edku ds if'pe o ukFk& Z oLsV Hkkx eas lMd
+ VDdj yx jgh gAS blls i: q "k o efgyk,a nks nhokjsa [kM+h djsaA
2- nhokjas de ls de 4-5 bp a ekVsh o 8 QhV o eksVkbZ 4-5 bap
chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkusk] dkVs& Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,]
eq[; nhokj
eq[; nhokj
i:
q "kks eas cjqh vknr]as ?kj ls ckgj jguk] vijk/kh gkusk] ty
s tkuk] ,DlhMVas o rhljh p aW h gkas vkjS buds chp eas de ls de 4 4 bap
bpa dh [kkyh txg vo'; gkAs [kqyk LFkku
vkjS lkroha lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA
3- bu nhokjksa vkSj eq[; nhokj ds chp
pyus ;ksX; txg NksM+uh t:jh gSA eq[; nhokj
N E
lM+d N E 1- ee
q Vh dh Nr o nhokjkas dks
xEHkhj izHkko %
lM+d rkMs d
+ j fudkyus ls nk"sk njw gks
eqeVh
eqeVh iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV tk,xkA
Vadh dh nhokj ls lVh gS o ikuh dh 2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks
Vadh Hkh blds ij j[kh gqbZ eqeVh bls dkuss ls de ls de 3 QhV
gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k dh njwh ij fn[kk, vul q kj
chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] cuk,A eeqVh dh p kbZ de
lM+d
lM+d
dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] ls de j[kas o Nr dks gYdh

lM+d
vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] lkexhz tl S s QkbcZj ;k Vhu

lM+d
Nr
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud 'kM
s ls doj djAas blls bl
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku lM+d VDdj nk"sk dk iHzkko vkfa'kd jg
lM+d VDdj dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls tk,xkA
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA 3- nk"sk dks ijwh rjg ls njw djus
ds fy, igys ls cuh gbqZ lh<h+
Vadh o eeqVh dks rkM s d
+ j gVk nAas
W S
W S 4- ubZ lh<h+ o ee q Vh dks
ikuh dh Vadh dks if'pe esa lkmFk&oLsV ea s MkVWMs~ ykbuZ }kjk
fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa j[ksaA fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ea s cuk,A

lM+d bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV esa [kkyh lgh fuekZ.k
edku IykWV gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl fuekZ.k

lM+d
lM+d
[kkyh
IykWV edku dks tkZ ugha feysxhA fdlh Hkh rjQ vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ njoktk lgh
W S tk,xh Hkh ughaA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsxkA njoktk xyr
v'kqHk

xzkmUM yksj ij lh<h+ iowZ dkuss o ukFk& o jlkbsZ dh LycS lkmFk&lkmFkbLZV dh nhokj ls lVh gAS Nr ij iowZ dkuss esa lh<h+ dk fuek.Zk gAS
Z bLZV dh nhokj ls lVh gAS VkM
Vk;WyVs mRrj dkuss ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vd a h bldh Nr ij j[kh gAS LVkjs oLsV&ukFkoZLsV dh nhokj ls lVk gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, o i: q "k chekj] i:
q "kkas ds eku&lEeku
eas deh] /ku dh deh] i:q "k lraku u gkusk] xHkiZkr] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkusk] dkVs& Z dls o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA ?kj dk efq[k;k o dekus okys
lnL; ij'skku] chekj] ix z fr u gkusk] nl
w jh o NBh lraku dks leL;k, jgx s hAa rhljh o lkroha lraku cVsk gkuss ij mls vf/kd o cVsh gkuss ij mls de leL;k, o fookg ls
ij'skkuh jgxs hA igyh o pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA
vkaf'kd izHkko % lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ
lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj o iwoZ e[q; }kj dks iowZ eas fn[kkbZ xbZ
txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls mkj esa
dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA txg eas cukuk loJ Z "sB gAS
N E eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; vkSj
lM+d lsfIVd iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] efgyk, 1- lh<h+ o nhokj ds chp
N E
eq[; }kj VSad chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] lM+d da hV o lfj;k fn[kk,
izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh] lsfIVd VSad eq[; }kj vul q kj de ls de 3 bp a
eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj rd dkVdj vyx djAas
cksfjax
VkW;ysV
pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, 2- fdlh Hkh gky ea s lh<h+ iowZ
VkW;ysV
cksfjax dkus]s o ukFk&
Z bLZV dh nhokj
ykWch ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS]
blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA ykWch 3- lh<h+ dk otu jkd s us ds fy,
lM+d
e[q; nhokj ls de ls de 3
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % bp
a dh txg NkMsd + j ,d
lM+d
cz jlksbZ iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kMs +
LFkku jlkbsZ dh LycS lkmFk&bLZV nhokj ls
lVh gbqZ gAS blls ifr&iRuh eas >xMs+ jlksbZ cz dj ldrs gAaS
gkx
as s o ?kj eas ekufld v'kkfUr jgx
s hA LFkku
jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
vkaf'kd izHkko % ij cuk,A LySc dks Hkh
dejk VkWM lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh fn[kk, vuqlkj gh cuk,A
gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ]
VkWM
dejk
>xM+s] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,]
VkWM iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o NBh VkWaM dks dksusa ls u lVrs gq,
W S larku dks leL;k, jgsaxhA fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
VkWM
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys W S
N E lh<h+ vkjS nhokj ds chp ea s de ls de
xEHkhj izHkko % N E 3 bpa rd d a hV o lfj;k dkVdj
lM+d lM+d vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky ea s lh<h+ iowZ
mkj dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k
gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds ij dkuss ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
Vadh j[kh gS]A blls /ku dh deh]
efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpMk+ 1- Vk;WyVs dh Nr dks rkMsd + j
VkW;ysV [kqyk LFkku o ftn~nh vkSj eku&lEeku esa doj ,fj;k fudky nAas
&10 QhV deh gksxhA 2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks ihNs cus
gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds fuekZ.k
esa iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ls
xEHkhj izHkko gYdh lkexzh ls doj djsaA
lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA 3- ;fn Nr dahV ls cuh gS
Nr Nr
blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] rks bl Hkkx dks QkbZcj ;k
lM+d
lM+d
Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku Vhu 'ksM ls doj djsaA

lM+d
lM+d
dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud 4- 'kMs dk cuh gbqZ Nr ds uhps

leL;k,] larku u gksuk o ls gh yxk, o bldk <k+y
xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA ukFk&Z bLZV dh rjQ j[kAas
LVkjs dks fn[kk, vul
q kj ukFk&
Z oLsV
LVksj VkW;ysV xEHkhj izHkko LVksj VkW;ysV dh nhokj ls u lVrs g,q de ls
LVksj:e dk fuekZ.k Vadh de 1 QhV njw cuk,A
osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk
gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k ikuh dh Vadh fn[kkbZ xbZ
W larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA S txg ij j[kasA
S W
lM+d bl edku ds ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk lgh fuekZ.k
edku edku pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl c<+sxkA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
pk lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks
fuekZ.k tkZ ugha feysxhA fdUrq okLrq nks"kksa gksus ds dkj.k lkmFk&osLV ds edku esa tkZ njoktk lgh
W vfr'kqHk S tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xEHkhj gks tk,xkA njoktk xyr

ukFkZ&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gS o Hkou ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV gSA xzkmUM yksj ij lh<+h mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk
fuekZ.k gSA lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gSA Nr ij mRrj dksus esa eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gSA iwoZ dksus esa VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko
fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s]
ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh
jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % cslesaV ds nks"k dks nwj djus ds fy,] bls de ls de lM+d ds cjkcj rd
ukFk&Z bLZV ea s lMd
+ gS vkjS edku ds ijws Hkkx ea s cls eVas g]S okLrq ea s lMd
+ dks Hkh edku dk gh Hkjokdj iwjs edku esa Q'kZ dk ry ,d leku djsaA Q'kZ dk ry lM+d ls 2-5
Hkkx ekuk tkrk g]S blfy, ukFk& Z bLZV Hkkx p k o lkmFk&oLsV Hkkx uhpk gks x;k g]S ;g QhV rd pk j[kuk vf/kd 'kqHk gSA
v'kHqk gAS blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] chekj] ixzfr u
gkusk] igyh] pkFSkh o ikp
oha lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skku jgxasAs eq[; }kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
txg esa cukuk loZJs"B gSA
vkaf'kd izHkko % N E N E
lh<+h mkj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh lM+d
lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ lsfIVd VSad lM+d
nhokj ls lVk gSA blls /ku dh deh] txg ij cuk,A igys ls cus gq, cksfjax eq[; }kj
eq[; }kj cksfjax lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls
efgyk,a chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k]
eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] dejk cslesaV dejk
iz'kklfud leL;k,] dksVZ dsl] 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV
rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA ykWch
ckFk:e@ ls de 3 bap rd dkVdj ckFk:e@
VkW;ysV ykWch VkW;ysV
vyx djsaA
lM+d
lM+d
c
z LFkku eas nhokj dk fuek.Zk g]S blds 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj cz
lM+d
cz LFkku
vkfa'kd iHzkko jgx
as As LFkku dksus ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
jlksbZ jlksbZ
3- lh<h+ dk otu jkd s us ds fy, e[q;
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko %
lfsIVd VdaS if'pe eas gAS blls ?kj ds nhokj ls de ls de 3 bp a dh
dejk txg NkM s d
+ j ,d iryh nhokj dejk
efq[k;k o i: q "k lraku chekj] cjqh
vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk] ty s tkuk] ;k LrEHk [kMs+ dj ldrs gAaS
lsfIVd eafnj eafnj
,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh lHako gAS W VSad S W S

xEHkhj izHkko % 1- VkW;ysV dh Nr dks rksM+dj fudky nsus ls nks"k dk izHkko de gks tk,xkA
VkW;ysV iwoZ dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA N E 2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks bl VkW;ysV dks ;gk ls rksM+dj gVk nsaA
blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; lM+d 3- u;s VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k MkWV~sM ykbZu ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa djsaA
yxuk] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh]
larku u gksuk o xHkZikr gksuk laHko VkW;ysV 1- eeqVh dh Nr o nhokjkas dks
gSA
eqeVh rkM + j fudky nuss ls nk"sk njw N
s d E
gks tk,xkA lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % 2- ;fn Nr j[kuh vko';d gS rks

eqeVh dk fuekZ.k mkj dksus o eeqVh dkuss ls de ls de 3 QhV
ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA dh njw fn[kk, vul q kj cuk,A eqeVh
blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] Nr eeqVh dh p kbZ de ls de j[kas
lM+d
lM+d
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa o bls gYdh lkexhz tl S s QkbcZj

deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld ;k Vhu 'kM s ls doj djAas blls
v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gks u k] bl nk"sk dk iHzkko vkfa'kd jg
lM+d
lM+d
iz'kklfud leL;k,] dksVZ dsl] tk,xkA Nr

rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd 3- nk"sk dks ijwh rjg ls njw djus ds
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh fy, igys ls cuh gbqZ lh<h+ o
jgsxhA W S eeqVh dks ;gk ls rkM s d+ j gVk
nAas
4- ubZ lh<h+ o eeqVh dks MkVWM s~
ykbuZ ls fn[kkbZ xbZ txg eas gh
cuk,A W S

lM+d bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa Hkh lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh lgh fuekZ.k
edku larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
uhpk
fuekZ.k
lM+d gksxkA fuekZ.k
lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks njoktk lgh
S v'kqHk lM+d E tkZ ugha feysxhA fdUrq okLrq nks"kksa gksus ds dkj.k lkmFk&osLV ds edku esa tkZ njoktk xyr
tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xEHkhj gks tk,xkA

xzkmUM yksj ij eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA LySc iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k iwoZ dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk
gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk
eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko %
eq[; }kj if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] eq[; }kj dks mkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A
vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA
W N ukFk&
Z oLsV eas vkxs dh rjQ [ky q k W N
lM+d LFkku gAS blls tM q s+ g,q iMk+ls ds lM+d
edku o bl ykbuZ ds lHkh edkukas [kqyk LFkku
[kqyk LFkku
Nr ds vkxs ,d leku [ky q k LFkku gkuss Nr
dk ds dkj.k ;g okLrq nk"sk ugha gAS dk
NTtk vyekjh vyekjh NTtk vyekjh vyekjh
dejk lh<+h vkSj nhokj ds chp esa

dejk dejk vkaf'kd izHkko % dejk
daahV vkSj lfj;k 3 bap rd
lh<h+ ukFk&Z bLZV dh nhokj ls lVh dkVdj vyx djsaA lh<+h
lM+d
eafnj VkW;ysV gbqZ gAS blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] dekus eafnj fdlh Hkh gky esa ukFkZ&bZLV
okys lnL; o ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh
jlksbZ chekj] ix z fr u gkusk] /ku o jlksbZ pkfg,A
lM+d
eku&lEeku eas deh] dkVs& Z dl s ] dejk
[kqyk LFkku czLFkku igyh o pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd [kqyk LFkku czLFkku
dejk
dejk leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skku jgx as As VkW;ysV dejk
VkW;ysV vyekjh VkW;ysV vyekjh
LVksj vkaf'kd izHkko % LVksj VkW;ysV LySc dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij
vyekjh
vyekjh
LycS iowZ dh nhokj ls lVh gbqZ gAS LVksj cuk,A

LySc
LVksj blls i: q "k chekj] LoHkko vf/kd LySc
xLqly S o eku&lEeku eas deh lM+d
lM+d jgxs hA
S E S E
W N
lM+d
ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ
[kqyk LFkku W N xbZ txg esa j[ksaA
lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % [kqyk LFkku
ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj o iwoZ
lM+d
dksus ds lkFk jlksbZ] eqeVh]

jlksbZ dejs o VkW;ysV dk fuekZ.k gS Vadh 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
o blds ij ikuh dh Vadh Vadh fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
eqeVh
lM+d
j[kh gqbZ gSA blls ?kj ds Vadh jlksbZ

eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; 2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq,
Nr
vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] eqeVh dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa
chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds
dejk leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx
eku&lEeku esa deh] larku u doj ,fj;k
Vadh gksuk] xHkZikr] iz'kklfud djsaA
Vadh leL;k, o igyh vkSj pkSFkh dejk 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku
Vadh
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o gh gksuk pkfg,A
VkW;ysV fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
lM+d
VkW;ysV
S E
lM+d
S E

larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
uhpk fuekZ.k
edku
lM+d gksxkA fuekZ.k
v'kqHk lM+d tkZ ugha feysxhA fdUrq okLrq nks"kksa gksus ds dkj.k lkmFk&osLV ds edku esa tkZ njoktk xyr
S E tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xEHkhj gks tk,xkA
xzkmUM yksj ij ckfsjx a if'pe eas gAS lh<h+ mRrj dkus]s ukFk& Z ukFkoZLsV dh nhokj ls lVh gAS Nr ij eeqVh mRrj dkus]s ukFk&
Z ukFkbZLZV o ukFk& Z ukFkbZLZV o ukFk&
Z ukFkoZLsV dh
nhokj ls lVh gAS Vk;WyVs if'pe dkuss ls lVk gAS dejk iowZ dkuss ] bLZV&ukFkbZLZV o lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls lVk gAS bl Hkou esa efgyk, o i: q "k chekj] LoHkko fpMf+pMk+]
eku&lEeku eas deh] i: q "k lraku u gkusk] xHkiZkr] /ku dh deh] ?kj dk efq[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ij'skku o ix z fr u gkusk lHako gAS dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr]
vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] fnokfy;k gkusk] dkVs& Z dls o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA rhljh o lkroha lraku cVsh gks rks vf/kd o cVsk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh
jgxs hA igyh] nlw jh] pkFSkh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA
W N eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij j[kuk loZJs"B gS] ;g LFkku ?kj ds
xaHkhj izHkko % eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA bl LFkku ij eafnj gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk
lM+d
cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk djrs gSaA
cksfjax eq[; }kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj] W N
cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy lM+d lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ
tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls mRrj
gSA eq[; }kj
dejk esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cukuk
lsfIVd loZJs"B gSA
VSad
1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daahV o
dejk lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls
VkW;ysV vkaf'kd izHkko % de 3 bap rd dkVdj vyx
lM+d
czLFkku lh<+h mRrj dksus] ukFkZ&bZLV o djsaA

ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj
gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus VkW;ysV ykWch
lM+d
jlksbZ ykWch lsfIVd dksus] ukFkZ&osLV o ukFkZ&bZLV
VSad okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj czLFkku dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
/ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] jlksbZ 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy,
dejk dejk dtsZ] >xM+s] fnokfy;k gksuk] eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap
igyh] rhljh] pkSFkh o lkroha nwj ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA
fookg ls ijs'kku jgsaxsA
lM+d dejk dejk cksfjax dkss iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
cksfjax ij cuk,A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax
S E dks jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can
lM+d djuk t:jh gSA
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys S E
W N Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn

lM+d xEHkhj izHkko
VkW;ysV if'pe dksus ls lVk gS] blls W N
?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj lM+d
jgsaxsA
VkW;ysV
xEHkhj izHkko % VkW;ysV
Vadh eqeVh }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj
eeqVh mRrj dkus]s ukFk&Z bLZV o ukFk&Z oLsV eqeVh doj djsaA
dh nhokj ls lVh gAS blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] Vadh
dekus okys lnL; o ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] 2- doj djus ds fy, cus
chekj] ix
z fr u gkusk] /ku o eku&lEeku eas gq, dejs dh Nr ds
[kqyk LFkku deh] dt]Zs >xM]s+ fnokfy;k gkusk] igyh] fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ
rhljh] pkFSkh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd lkexz h ds leku
doj ,fj;k lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx
lM+d
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skku jgx as As

djsaA
lM+d
xEHkhj Hkko % 3- ;fn dejs dh Nr

dejk iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj daahV dh cuh gS rks
ls lVk gSA blls efgyk,a o iq:"k bl Hkkx dks Hkh daahV
dejk chekj] larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] ls gh doj djsaA
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dejk 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d
dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leku gh gksuk pkfg,A
lM+d leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd
S E S lM+d E

edku larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl eq[; nhokj
pk
fuekZ.k lM+d c<+sxkA fuekZ.k
vfr'kqHk lM+d
tkZ ugha feysxhA fdUrq okLrq nks"kksa gksus ds dkj.k lkmFk&osLV ds edku esa tkZ njoktk xyr
S E
xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA lh<+h ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA VkM lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij
ukFkZ&osLV esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls ;g Hkkx gYdk gks x;k gSA ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr]
fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh
o pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg
ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
W N xaHkhj izHkko % W N
NTtk lM+d e[q; }kj ukFk&
Z oLsV ea s gAS blls efgyk,a cksfjax o eq[; }kj dkss
NTtk lM+d cksfjax mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr]
nhokfy;k gkusk] dkVs& Z dl s ] i'zkklfud ij cuk,A igys ls cuh gqbZ
leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls
leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxshA Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
dejk vkaf'kd izHkko % dejk
lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp
blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; daahV o lfj;k fn[kk,
o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u vuqlkj de ls de 3
cjkenk gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa deh] dtsZ] bap rd dkVdj vyx
lM+d
cjkenk djsaA
lM+d
czLFkku >xM+s] fnokfy;k gksuk] igyh] rhljh]

jlksbZ pkSFkh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd jlksbZ 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kku jgsaxsA ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls
VkWM ugha lVuh pkfg,A
vkaf'kd izHkko % 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds
VkM
W lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls lVh gAS blls fy, eq[; nhokj ls de
VkWM
dejk efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ i'zkklfud dejk ls de 3 bap nwj ,d

leL;k,] vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] nl
w jh o iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk
NBh lraku dks leL;k, jgxashA [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA
cksfjax
NTtk
S E ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV nksuks rjQ VkWaM dks dksus ls u lVrs

,d leku eksVkbZ o Hkkj ds NTts dk S E
fuekZ.k gksus ls okLrq nks"k ugha gksxkA gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
xaHkhj izHkko % Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn

cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko W N
fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA lM+d
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys doj ,fj;k }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj
doj djsaA
W lM+d N
xEHkhj Hkko % dejk eqeVh 2- doj djus ds fy,
[kqyk LFkku ukFkZ&osLV esa [kqyk LFkku gksus ls ;g Hkkx cus gq, dejs dh Nr
gYdk gks x;k gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx
dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k ckWFk:e
dh xbZ lkexzh ds
dejk eqeVh gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] leku lkexzh dk gh
nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, [kqyk LFkku iz;ksx djsaA
lM+d
o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA VkW;ysV

3- ;fn dejs dh Nr
ckWFk:e daahV dh cuh gS rks
lM+d
Nr bl Hkkx dks Hkh

[kqyk LFkku daahV ls gh doj
VkW;ysV Vadh
dejk djsaA
xEHkhj izHkko % 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d
fuekZ.k esa ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx dV x;k gSA leku gh gks u k
Vadh dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls ?kj ds pkfg,A
dejk eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj lM+d
ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o S E
eku&lEeku esa deh] igyh o pkSFkh
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls
S lM+d E ijs'kku jgsaxsA

edku larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
uhpk
fuekZ.k lM+d
gksxkA fuekZ.k
v'kqHk lM+d
tkZ ugha feysxhA fdUrq okLrq nks"kksa gksus ds dkj.k lkmFk&osLV ds edku esa tkZ njoktk xyr
S E
xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA cksfjax if'pe esa gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA dejk lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk
gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa esa cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gkusk]
vkx&pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] dkVs&Z dl s o i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA nl
w jh o NBh lraku cVsh gkuss ij mls vf/kd o cVsk gkuss ij mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA
rhljh o lkroha lraku cVsk gkuss ij mls vf/kd o cVsh gkuss ij mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA
vkaf'kd izHkko %
cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o
iq:"k larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] W N
tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA
lM+d eq[; }kj dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ
xEHkhj izHkko % xbZ txg esa cuk,A
W N Nr dk
lM+d eq[; }kj osLV&ukFkZosLV esa NTtk
cksfjax gSA blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] dejk dejk
lsfIVd lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ
Nr dk >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] VSad txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq bls
NTtk
nhokfy;k gksuk] iz'kklfud mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij
dejk dejk leL;k,] dksVZ&dsl] rhljh [kqyk ckWFk:e cukuk loZJs"B gSA
o lkroha larku dks vf/kd LFkku
lM+d

jlksbZ VkW;ysV
[kqyk ckWFk:e jgsxhA
lM+d
LFkku czLFkku
jlksbZ VkW;ysV
czLFkku
dejk cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
lsfIVd txg esa cuk,A igys ls cuh
VSad
gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls
dejk Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
cksfjax
lM+d
S E
lM+d Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
S E
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys W N

lM+d VkW;ysV dks ukFkZ&osLV dh
nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk,
xEHkhj izHkko% vuqlkj de ls de 1 QhV
W N VkW;ysV nwj cuk,A
VkW;ysV osLV&ukFkZosLV dh Vadh
lM+d
nhokj ls lVk gS vkSj mlds
VkW;ysV ij ikuh dh Vadh Hkh j[kh gSA
Vadh blls iq:"k chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] jlksbZ
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k
gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud
lM+d

jlksbZ larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o
Nr
dejk
lM+d
dejs dks lkmFk&bZLV dh

xaHkhj izHkko % nhokj ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk,
vuqlkj de ls de 3 QhV
dejk dejk lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nwj cuk,A
nhokj ls lVk gSA blls
efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] lM+d
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh S E
dh ?kVuk, ] dks V Z & ds l ]
lM+d
iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o
S E o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA

lM+d bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa Hkh lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa lM+d gS] blls igyh lgh fuekZ.k
larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl eq[; nhokj
edku
c<+sxkA
lM+d
pk
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku njoktk lgh
xyh 'kqHk dks tkZ ugha feysxhA fdUrq okLrq nks"kksa gksus ds dkj.k lkmFk&osLV ds edku esa njoktk xyr
N W tkZ tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xEHkhj gks tk,xkA

xzkmUM yksj ij cksfjax if'pe esa gSA lh<+h mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij dejk
iwoZ dksus] bZLV&ukFkZbZLV o lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA eqeVh mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko
fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o vle; e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld
v'kkfUr] fnokfy;k gksuk] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko
gSA igyh] nwljh] pkSFkh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de
E lM+d S Nr dk czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gS] cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ E S
blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA txg ij cuk,A igys ls cksfjax lM+d Nr
NTTkk
cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o dk
dejk vkaf'kd izHkko % feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk NTTkk
jlksbZ esa LySc ukFk& Z bLZV dh nhokj t:jh gSA dejk
vkpZ ls lVh gAaS blls ifr&iRuh eas FkkM s s+
dejk >xMs+ jgx as s o jlkbsZ ds [kps c<x
s+ Aas vkpZ
lM+d
czLFkku dejk
czLFkku ls nhokj dks
lM+d
czLFkku
xEHkhj izHkko % fn[kk, vuqlkj gVkdj
eafnj ckfsjx
a if'pe ea s gAS blls ?kj ds
dejk efq[k;k o i:q "k lraku chekj] cjqh cuk,A eafnj
jlksbZ vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk] ty s tkuk] dejk

,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh lHako gAS jlksbZ
jlksbZ o VkW;ysV dks fn[kkbZ
VkW;ysV xbZ txg esa cuk,A
cksfjax
VkW;ysV
vkaf'kd izHkko %
lh<h+ mRrj dkuss o ukFk& Z oLsV dh
N W nhokj ls lVh gbqZ gAS blls efgyk,a
lsfIVd VSad xyh N W
chekj] LoHkko fpMf+pMk+] dt]Zs >xM]s+ lsfIVd VSad xyh
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gkusk]
dkVs&Z dl
s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap
ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV nksuks rjQ rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd
,d leku eksVkbZ o Hkkj ds NTts dk leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
fuekZ.k gksus ls okLrq nks"k ugha gksxkA 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh
pkfg,A
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bap nwj ,d
iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA
xEHkhj Hkko %
dejk iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV vkSj Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn
E S
lM+d ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA
blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
lM+d
lnL; o iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA E S
larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] dtsZ] >xM+s] 2- doj djus ds fy, igys
dejk ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh
?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud ls cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds dejk
leL;k,] igyh] nwljh] pkSFkh o NBh fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg lkexzh ds leku lkexzh
lM+d
ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA dk iz;ksx djsaA

lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko % 3- ;fn dejs dh Nr dahV

eqeVh mRrj dksus o ukFkZ&osLV dh dh cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks
Hkh dahV ls gh doj doj ,fj;k
nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS o ikuh dh Vadh
Nr blds ij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,a djsaA
chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] dtsZ] >xM+s] 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] leku gh jguk t:jh gSA
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] Vadh
Vadh eqeVh rhljh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ
xbZ txg ij j[ksaA eqeVh
xyh leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA N
N W xyh W

larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA
edku eq[; nhokj
cjkcj
lM+d
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku njoktk lgh
lM+d lkekU;
dks tkZ ugha feysxhA fdUrq okLrq nks"kksa gksus ds dkj.k lkmFk&osLV ds edku esa njoktk xyr
N W tkZ tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xEHkhj gks tk,xkA
xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h mRrj dksus ls lVh gS o NTts dk mRrj dksuk dV x;k gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lsfIVd
VSad if'pe esa gSA Nr ij eqeVh mRrj dksus ls lVh gSA dejk ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa if'pe Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k
chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o vle; e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA ?kj ds
eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVk gksus ij mls de leL;k, o fookg ls
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
eq[; }kj nf{k.k esa gSA blls E S ij j[ksaA E S
efgyk o L=h larku chekj] lM+d lM+d
eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko Nr dk jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa Nr dk
NTtk NTtk Ckksfjax
fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld Ckksfjax cuk,A
v'kkfUr jgsxhA
vkaf'kd izHkko % dejk
1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV dejk
jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj
lM+d
nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls jlksbZ de ls de 3 bap rd

ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa ekufld dkVdj vyx djsaA
ruko jgsxkA czLFkku 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h mRrj czLFkku jlksbZ
lM+d
jlksbZ dksus ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
xEHkhj izHkko % 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy,
NTts dk mRrj dksuk dVk gqvk gS eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3
o lh<+h Hkh mRrj dksus ls lVh gqbZ bap nwj ,d iryh nhokj ;k lsfIVd
gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a lsfIVd VkW;ysV
VkW;ysV VSad LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA VSad
chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] o
mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj
ftn~nh gksxkA lM+d NTtk
lM+d lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa fn[kkbZ
N W xbZ txg esa cuk,A igys ls cus N W
xEHkhj izHkko % gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh NTts ds dVs gq, Hkkx dks fn[kk,
ls Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA vuqlkj doj djds pkSjl djsaA doj
lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku chekj ] cqjh djus ds fy, cus gq, NTts ds fuekZ.k esa
vknrsa]vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh
dk iz;ksx djsaA
vkaf'kd izHkko % E S
fuekZ.k esa if'pe Hkkx c<+ x;k gSA lM+d
blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku E S
chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o
tsy tkuk laHko gSA Nr lM+d

dejk ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVk 2- doj djus ds fy, igys ls
lM+d
gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] dekus cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds

lM+d
okys lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj dejk fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh lkexzh
ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] /ku o ds leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx
eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj djsaA
pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o dejk
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA eqeVh
LVksj
3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku
gh jguk t:jh gSA
lM+d eqeVh
LVksj
N W
eqeVh mkj dksus ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj]
eku&lEeku esa deh o mudk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh gksxkA N W

S
larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA lkmFk&osLV ds iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls iq:"kksa dk vkRefo'okl de eq[; nhokj
edku
uhpk
fuekZ.k
gksxkA fuekZ.k
lM+d
xyh v'kqHk lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku njoktk lgh
N W dks tkZ ugha feysxhA fdUrq okLrq nks"kksa gksus ds dkj.k lkmFk&osLV ds edku esa njoktk xyr
tkZ tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa NksVs okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh xEHkhj gks tk,xkA

xzkmUM yksj ij eq[; }kj nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA cksfjax if'pe esa gSA Nr ij dejk bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o
iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa dks cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV
o vle; e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA ?kj ds eqf[k;k o dekus okys lnL; chekj] ijs'kku o izxfr u gksuk laHko gSA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gksus ij mls vf/kd o csVh gksus ij
mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
vkaf'kd izHkko % cksfjax o eq[;}kj dks iwoZ esa
E S lh<h+ iowZ dkuss o bLZV&lkmFkbLZV E S fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A igys
lM+d dh nhokj ls lVh gAS blls i: q "k lM+d ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh
Nr dk chekj] Hk;] lr a ku u gkusk] xHkiZkr] Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
NTtk dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx NTtk
o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] dkVs& Z dl s ]
i'zkklfud leL;k,] nl w jh o NBh cksfjax
VkW;ysV ykWch ykWch VkW;ysV lh<+h o VkW;ysV dks fn[kkbZ xbZ
lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg txg esa cuk,A bUgs ogkWa ls gVkus
ls ij'skkuh jgx
s hA dk eq[; dkj.k eq[; }kj dks lgh
dejk dejk
eafnj txg ij j[kuk gSA lh<+h dks
xEHkhj izHkko % lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls u lVrs
dejk eq[; }kj nf{k.k esa gSA blls dejk gq, fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3
czLFkku efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eafnj bap nwj cuk,A
eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko czLFkku
lM+d
fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld dejk

dejk v'kkfUr jgsxhA
eafnj dks lkmFk&osLV esa fn[kkbZ
vkaf'kd izHkko % xbZ txg ij j[ksaA ;g LFkku ?kj
ykWch ds eqf[k;k dk gksrk gSA ;gk eafnj
jlksbZ cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj ds ykWch jlksbZ
gksus ls ?kj esa Hkxoku ds okl dk
VkW;ysV eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku dks chekjh] ,glkl gksrk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj
cqjh vknrsa] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV VkW;ysV
dh j{kk djrs gSaA
xyh cksfjax o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA xyh
xyh N W xyh N W
E S E S
lM+d lM+d
[kqyk LFkku [kqyk LFkku

xEHkhj izHkko % dejs dks fn[kk, vuqlkj
dejk ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls de
ls lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ls de 3 QhV nwj cuk,A
dejk
ds eqf[k;k] dekus okys
lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj dejk
ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u dejs ds ihNs dh rjQ 'ksM
[kqyk LFkku
gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj doj

deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh djuk t:jh gS vU;Fkk
lM+d
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o xzkmUM yksj ds dejksa ds

lM+d
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA fuokfl;ksa dks leL;k, jgsaxhA

[kqyk LFkku
doj ,fj;k doj djus ds fy, dejs
dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh
tky xbZ lkexzh ds leku lkexzh
dk iz;ksx djsaA
Vadh
/;ku jgs fd ;g fuekZ.k
VkW;ysV ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls de
ls de 3 QhV nwj gksA
xyh xyh
N W N W

j
lkmFk&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV
vkSj lkmFk&osLV
Qsflax
Hkouksa ds uD'ks
s
rhu rjQ lM+d 351 lkmFk&osLV] ukFkZ&osLV vkSj lkmFk&bZLV Qsflax Hkou
lM+d
bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ lgh fuekZ.k
edku izHkko ugha gksxkA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
cjkcj ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA njoktk lgh
fuekZ.k lkmFk&osLV] ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha
E N tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsaxkA njoktk xyr
lkekU;

xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj lkmFk&osLV esa gSA lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkM ukFkZ&ukFkZosLV]
ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj o mRrj vkSj iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s]
ekufld v'kkfUr] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku dks chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA
xzkmUM yksj okLrq lek/kku ls igys

xaHkhj izHkko % S W xEHkhj izHkko %
eq[; }kj lkmFk&osLV esa gSA blls ?kj ds lM+d lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh
NTtk
eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoha larku chekj] cqjh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku
vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA
o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA
ykWoh vkaf'kd izHkko %

jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls
lM+d lVh gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj
lM+d
esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA
VkW;ysV
cz
LFkku
eafnj jlksbZ vkaf'kd izHkko %
'kqHk izHkko % VkWM mkj ] iwoZ dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV nhokj
edku ds iwoZ Hkkx esa lM+d VDdj yx jgh ls lVh gSA blls /ku dh deh] iwjk ?kj ds
gS] ;g 'kqHk gS] blls v'kqHk izHkkoksa esa deh lM+d VDdj eqf[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj
gksxh o iq:"kksa dks ykHk feysxkA dejk VkWM ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] igyh o
pkSFkh larku dks leL;k,a] iq:"kksa ds
eku&lEeku esa deh] gksxhA
VkWM
E N
xzkmUM yksj okLrq lek/kku ds ckn Nr

eq[; }kj dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa Nr ij fuekZ.k esa dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha gSA
cuk,A
S W S W
1- lh<h+ o nhokj ds chp d a hV o
lfj;k fn[kk, vul q kj de ls de 3 lM+d lM+d
bpa rd dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh NTtk
Vadh
Hkh gky eas lh<h+ ukFk&Z oLsV dh nhokj eafnj eqeVh
ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
2- lh<h+ dk otu jkd s us ds fy, e[q;
nhokj ls de ls de 3 bp a dh txg
NkMs d+ j ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk ykWoh
[kMs+ dj ldrs gAaS
lM+d
efanj dks lkmFk&oLsV ea s fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij lM+d lM+d
j[Akas ;g LFkku ?kj ds efq[k;k dk gkrsk gAS ;gk VkW;ysV
efanj gkuss ls ?kj ea s Hkxoku ds okl dk ,glkl lM+d
gkrsk gS o Hkxoku Lo;a ?kj dh j{kk Nr
djrs gAaS
jlksbZ
jlkbsZ LycS vkjS nhokj ds chp ea s de ls de 3 VkWM
bpa rd d a hV o lfj;k dkVdj vyx djAas lM+d VDdj
lM+d VDdj
fdlh Hkh gky ea s LycS ukFk&
Z oLsV dh nhokj ls dejk
ugha lVuh pkfg,A
VkWaM dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk,
vuqlkj cuk,A
E N E N

lM+d lgh fuekZ.k
bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV esa [kkyh IykWV gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk
edku jgsaxsA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
fuekZ.k
[kkyh ukFkZ&bZLV] ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; fuokl u gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ njoktk lgh
IykWV
ugha feysxh vkSj u gh tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko lkekU; jgsaxkA
E 'kqHk N njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij lsfIVd VSad if'pe esa gSA lh<+h if'pe dksus esa osLV&ukFkZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA cksfjax
lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA VkM mRrj] iwoZ dksus o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij
j[kh gSA eqeVh osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,]
dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks
rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko % lh<h+ o nhokj ds chp d a hV o lfj;k fn[kk, vul q kj de ls de 3 bp a rd
cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh Hkh gky eas lh<h+ ukFk&Z oLsV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh
vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dks pkfg,A
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA jlksbZ dks fn[kkbZ xbZ txg
xEHkhj izHkko % S W esa cuk,A jlksbZ dh LySc o
lfsIVd Vd aS if'pe eas gAS blls ?kj Nr lM+ d nhokj ds chp de ls de
ds efq[k;k o i:q "k lraku chekj] cjqh dk eq[; }kj 3 bap dh txg vo';
S W NksM+saA jlksbZ dh LySc
lM+d vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk] ty s tkuk] NTtk
Nr lsfIVd ,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh lHako gAS fdlh Hkh gky es a
eq[; }kj VSad VkW;ysV ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls
dk
NTtk ugha lVuh pkfg,A
vkaf'kd izHkko% ykWch
VkW;ysV lh<+h osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls
lVh gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o VkWaM dks dksuksa o eq[;
lM+d
iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsxsaA nhokj ls u lVrs gq,]
lM+d
ykWch
fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
cksfjax
lM+d

lM+d
jlkbsZ dh LycS ukFk& Z oLsV dh nhokj ls lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa
jlksbZ
lVh gbqZ gAS blls ifr&iRuh ea s >xMs + o fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa cuk,A
?kj ea s ekufld v'kkfUr jgxshA VkWM igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd
cz
LFkku dejk lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o feV~Vh ls
vkaf'kd izHkko % VSad Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
VkM
W mkj ] iowZ dkuss o ukFk&Z bLZV nhokj
dejk ls lVh gAS blls /ku dh deh] ijwk ?kj cksfjax cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
ds efq[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o ijwk txg ij cuk,A igys ls
ifjokj ij'skku] chekj] ixzfr u gkusk] E N cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o
VkWM igyh o pkFSkh lraku dks leL;k,]a feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk
E N i:
q "kka s ds eku&lEeku ea s deh] gkxshA t:jh gSA

S W S W
lM+d lM+d
xEHkhj izHkko% eqeVh dks ukFkZ&osLV dh
Vadh eqeVh
eqeVh eqeVh if'pe dksus ls lVh gSA Vadh nhokj ls de ls de 1
blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k VkW;ysV
VkW;ysV QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj
larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA cuk,A o ikuh dh Vadh dks
blds ij j[ksaA
xEHkhj izHkko %
lM+d
VkW;ysV lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj

lM+d
ls lVk gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds VkW;ysV dks lkmFk&bZLV

lM+d
tky
ij j[kh gSA blls efgyk,a tky dh nhokj ls de ls de 3
Nr Nr
lM+d
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld QhV nwj fn[kk, vuqlkj

v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh cuk,A
?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku
dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA E N
E N

lM+d bl edku ds lkmFk&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku lgh fuekZ.k
o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA
edku
eq[; nhokj
lM+d
lM+d
ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA fuekZ.k
pk
fuekZ.k
lkmFk&osLV] ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha njoktk lgh
E N tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsaxkA njoktk xyr
v'kqHk

xzkmUM yksj ij cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lsfIVd VSad ukFkZ&osLV esa gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA
czg~eLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA VkW;ysV osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k
chekj] efgykvksa dk LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku de] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o
NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k, o
'kqHk izHkko % 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap rd
lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gS vkSj edku ds iwjs Hkkx esa cslesaV dk fuekZ.k gS] okLrq esa dkVdj vyx djsaA
lM+d dks Hkh edku dk gh Hkkx ekuk tkrk gS blfy, lkmFk&osLV Hkkx pk o 2- fdlh Hkh gky eas lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
ukFkZ&bZLV Hkkx uhpk gks x;k gS] ;g 'kqHk gSA blls vU; okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh 3- lh<h+ dk otu jkd s us ds fy, e[q; nhokj ls de ls de 3 bp a dh txg NkM
s d
+ j
de gks tk,xkA ,d iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kMs+ dj ldrs gAaS
xEHkhj izHkko %
ckfsjx
a nf{k.k eas gAS blls efgyk o efanj dks lkmFk&oLsV eas gkusk
S W L=h lraku chekj] eku&lEeku eas pkfg,A ;g ?kj ds efq[k;k dk LFkku
lM+ d deh] LoHkko fpMf+pMk+ vkjS ftnn~h gkrsk gAS ;gk efanj gkuss ls Hkxoku
Nr cksfjax o ekufld v'kkfUr jgx s hA S W
dk eq[; }kj ds okl dk ,glkl gkrsk gAS
lM+d
NTtk vkaf'kd izHkko %
eq[; }kj jlkbsZ dh LycS o nhokj ds chp da hV
dejk
cslesaV lfsIVd Vd a S ukFk&
Z oLsV ea s gAS blls o lfj;k fn[kk, vul q kj de ls de 3
efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld
s ]
eafnj bp
a rd dkVdj vyx djAas fdlh Hkh
lsfIVd lM+d
VSad i'zkklfud leL;k,] rhljh o lkroha gky ea s LycS ukFk&
Z oLsV dh nhokj ls
dejk
VkW;ysV
lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg cslesaV ugha lVuh pkfg,A
ckFk:e ls ij'skkuh jgxshA
VkW;ysV czLFkku ds ftrus Hkkx esa nhokj
lM+d
cz lM+d
LFkku vkaf'kd izHkko % dk fuekZ.k gS mrus Hkkx dh nhokj
jlksbZ ckFk:e
lM+d
jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&osLV dh dks rksM+dj gVk nsaA bl txg ij

nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS blls jlksbZ njoktk cuk ldrs gSaA
ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa
dejk ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA lsfIVd txg ij cuk,A igys ls cus gq,
eafnj
blds vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA cksfjax dejk VSad lsfIVd VSad dks feV~Vh ls Hkjdj
E N can djuk t:jh gSA
lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s]
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] N ckfsjx
a dks iowZ eas fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij
E cuk,A igys ls cuh gbqZ ckfsjx a dks jrs
o feVV~h ls Hkjdj cna djuk t:jh gAS
S W xEHkhj izHkko% S W
lM+d VkW;ysV osLV&ukFkZosLV dh lM+d
nhokj ls lVk gSA blls ?kj VkW;ysV
VkW;ysV ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku ?kj eqeVh
eqeVh VkW;ysV dks ukFkZ&osLV dh
ls ckgj jgsaxsA
nhokj ls de ls de 1 QhV nwj
fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
xEHkhj izHkko %
eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj
ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a
Nr
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld Nr
lM+d eqeVh dks lkmFk&bZLV dh
v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh
?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] lM+d lM+d nhokj ls de ls de 3 QhV nwj
iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh o fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
NBh larku dks vf/kd
jgsxhA
E N E N

W N
lM+d bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds lgh fuekZ.k
iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA eq[; nhokj
edku
lM+d
pk fuekZ.k
fuekZ.k ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA
xyh v'kqHk
tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsaxkA njoktk xyr
S E
xzkmUM yksj ij if'pe esa eq[;}kj gSA lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj
ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vadh bldh Nr ij j[kh gSA dejk ukFkZ&osLV] ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa iwoZ dksuk dV x;k gSA bl Hkou esa
efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] iq:"kksa ds eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko vf/kd xqLlSy] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] dkVs& Z dls o
i'zkklfud leL;k, jgx as hA ?kj ds efq[k;k o i:
q "kkas dks cjqh vknras Hkh lHako gAaS igyh] nl
w jh] pkFSkh o NBh lraku cVsh gks rks vf/kd o cVsk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls
ij'skkuh jgx
s hA rhljh o lkroha lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA
ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV nksuks rjQ xa H khj izHkko % eq[; }kj o lsfIVd VSad dks
,d leku eksVkbZ o Hkkj ds NTts dk e[q; }kj if'pe ea s gAaS blls ?kj ds efq[k;k W lsfIVd N mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij
fuekZ.k gksus ls okLrq nks"k ugha gksxkA o i:q "k lraku chekj] cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh lM+d VSad cuk,A igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd
gkusk] ty s tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh Nr dk NTtk VSad dks jsr o feh ls Hkjdj
lHako gAS can djuk t:jh gSA
W lM+d N Nr
dejk
dk
NTTkk czLFkku esa nhokj dk fuekZ.k gSA blds vkpZ 1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp daahV
dejk vkaf'kd izHkko jgsaxsA o lfj;k fn[kk, vuqlkj
vkpZ xEHkhj izHkko % dejk de ls de 3 bap rd
lfsIVd Vd aS lkmFk&bLZV ea s gAS blls dkVdj vyx djsaA
lM+d
lM+d
dejk efgyk,a chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld 2- fdlh Hkh gky ea s lh<h+
v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] eafnj czLFkku lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls ugha
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] nwljh lVuh pkfg,A
o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o jlksbZ dejk 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy,
eafnj czLFkku fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA eq[; nhokj ls de ls de 3
jlksbZ dejk VkW;ysV bap nwj ,d iryh nhokj ;k
vkaf'kd izHkko % cksfjax LrEHk [kM+s dj ldrs gSaA
lh<h+ lkmFk&bLZV dh nhokj ls lVh gbqZ
VkW;ysV cksfjax gAS blls efgyk,a chekj] i: q "kkas eas Hk;]
dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o S xyh E
lsfIVd pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] dkVs&
Z dls ] i'zkklfud
S xyh VSad E leL;k,] nlw jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd
s hA
xEHkhj izHkko%
W N dejs dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls
lM+d W lM+d N ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ xbZ
lVk gS] blls efgyk, chekj] dtsZ]
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr o rhljh vkSj txg ij j[ksaA
lkroha larku dks leL;k, jgsaxhA Vadh dejk
dejk xEHkhj izHkko % 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk
dejk mRrj o ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA
lVk gqvk gSA blls ?kj ds dekus okys
lnL; vkSj iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] 2- doj djus ds fy, cus gq,
jlksbZ dejs dh Nr ds fuekZ.k esa
lM+d
lM+d
jlksbZ izxfr u gksuk] /ku dh deh]

eku&lEeku esa deh o igyh vkSj pkSFkh iz;ksx dh xbZ lkexzh ds
larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls leku lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA djsaA
doj ,fj;k
Nr xEHkhj izHkko % 3- ;fn dejs dh Nr daahV dh
fuek.Zk eas lkmFk&bLZV Hkkx o bLZV dkusk cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh
dV x;k gAS blls i: q "k chekj] dt]Zs daahV ls gh doj djsaA
>xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku
?kVuk,] dkVs&Z dl
s ] i'zkkl fud leL;k,] eqeVh gh gksuk pkfg,A
Vadh eqeVh nlw jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o S
S E xyh E
xyh fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA
xEHkhj izHkko %
eqeVh dk fuekZ.k nf{k.k dksus ls lVk gqvk gS o blds ij ikuh dh Vadh j[kh gS]
blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj
ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA

W N
lM+d bl edku ds ukFkZ&osLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA lkmFk&bZLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds lgh fuekZ.k
iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA eq[; nhokj
edku
cjkcj
lM+d
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA njoktk lgh
lM+d lkekU; lkmFk&osLV] ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha
S E njoktk xyr
tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsaxkA

xzkmUM yksj ij if'pe esa cksfjax gSA lh<+h lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij eqeVh lkmFk&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk,
o iq:"k chekj] ?kj ds eqf[k;k o iq:"kksa esa cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o
iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp lsfIVd VSad igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij
xaHkhj izHkko % daahV o lfj;k fn[kk, mfpr gS fdUrq bls mRrj esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
NTtk ukFk& Z oLsV dh nhokj ij cuk gAS blls efgyk, chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap txg ij cukuk loZJs"B gSA
ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] rhljh o rd dkVdj vyx djsaA
lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+h
lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls W N
W N ugha lVuh pkfg,A lM+d lsfIVd
xaHkhj izHkko % lM+d 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds Nr dk VSad
cksfjax if'pe esa gSA blls ?kj Nr dk NTtk eq[; }kj
NTtk Ckksfjax eq[; }kj fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls
ds eqf[k;k o iq:"k larku de 3 bap nwj ,d iryh
chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj
gksuk] tsy tkuk] ,DlhMsaV o dejk
dejk
e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA
lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ij iwjs
Hkkx esa fn[kk, vuqlkj NTts
vkaf'kd izHkko % dk fuekZ.k djsaA /;ku jgs fd czLFkku
lM+d
czLFkku jlksbZ
lM+d
lh<+h lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lkmFk&bZLV o ukFkZ&osLV

lVh gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] jlksbZ nksuks rjQ ds NTts ,d leku
dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] pkSaM+kbZ o Hkkj ds gh gksaA
vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,] UP
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud UP
lsfIVd VkW;ysV
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku VkW;ysV VSad cksfjax dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ
dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls txg ij cuk,A igys ls cuh
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr o feV~Vh ls lM+d Ckksfjax
lM+d Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
S E
S E

W N
lM+d
W N
lM+d
Nr
Nr
lM+d
ckWyduh dk fuekZ.k fn[kk,

vuqlkj iwjs Hkkx esa djsaA blds dejk
lM+d
dejk
fy, igys ls cuh gqbZ ckWyduh
xEHkhj izHkko % ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ
eqeVh lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj lkexzh ds leku lkexzh dk gh eqeVh
ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a iz;ksx djsaA iwjs Hkkx esa ckWyduh
chekj] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld eqeVh dk fuekZ.k gksus ls nks"k nwj gks ckWyduh
v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh tk,xkA
?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud ckWyduh S lM+d E
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku
lM+d
dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls
ijs'kkuh jgsxhA S E

lM+d bl edku ds lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[; lM+d gSA ukFkZ&osLV esa lM+d gSA lkmFk&osLV esa lM+d gSA ukFkZ&bZLV ds lgh fuekZ.k
iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA eq[; nhokj
uhpk fuekZ.k
edku
lM+d
ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA fuekZ.k
'kqHk lM+d
N W
xzkmUM yksj ij lsfIVd VSad o eq[; }kj nf{k.k esa gSA cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA VkM o jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij VkW;ysV iwoZ dksus
esa gS o ikuh dh Vadh blds ij j[kh gSA dejk ukFkZ&osLV] ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] iq:"k larku u
gksuk] xHkZikr] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o ikpoh larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh
dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gks rks vf/kd o csVk gks rks de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA rhljh o lkroha
xaHkhj izHkko % cksfjax dkss iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr
lsfIVd VSad o eq[; }kj nf{k.k essa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] o feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk t:jh gSA
eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA E S
E S lM+d
xa H khj iz H kko %
cksfjax lkmFk&osLV esa gSA lM+d cksfjax
blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o lsfIVd VSad eq[; }kj dks iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ
ikpoha larku dks xEHkhj xbZ txg ij cuk,A
chekjh] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh dejk
gksuk] tsy tkuk o dke lsV u
gksuk laHko gSA dejk
vkaf'kd izHkko %
jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh cksfjax jlksbZ o VkW;ysV dks fn[kkbZ
nhokj ls lVh gqbZ gS] blls czLFkku VkW;ysV
VkW;ysV xbZ txg ij cuk,A
jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o ?kj esa
ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA czLFkku VkWaM dks fn[kk, vuqlkj jlksbZ
ykWch
cuk,A
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % jlksbZ ykWch
lM+d
VkWaM ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls VkWM

lVh gSA blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k] VkWM lsfIVd VSad dkss mRrj esa dejk
dekus okys lnL;] iwjk ifjokj fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] dejk igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad
igyh o pkSFkh larku dks vf/kd dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk
leL;k, jgsaxhA t:jh gSA lsfIVd VSad lM+d
N lM+d W N W
E S
xEHkhj izHkko % lM+d fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djsaA lM+d
VkW;ysV iwoZ dksus ls lVk gqvk gS o E S
ikuh dh Vadh Hkh blds ij j[kh 2- doj djus ds fy, igys ls
gqbZ gSA blls iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj Vadh cus gq, dejs dh Nr ds VkW;ysV
chekjh] Hk; yxuk] eku&lEeku o VkW;ysV fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh lkexzh
/ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud ds leku lkexzh dk iz;ksx
leL;k,] larku u gksuk o xHkZikr eqeVh djsaA eqeVh
gksuk laHko gSA
3- ;fn dejs dh Nr dahV dh
cuh gS rks bl Hkkx dks Hkh
[kqyk LFkku dahV ls gh doj djsaA doj ,fj;k
xEHkhj izHkko %
lM+d
lM+d
dejk ukFkZ&osLV o ukFkZ&bZLV dh 4- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku

nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA gh jguk t:jh gSA
blls /ku dh deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k]
dekus okys lnL; o iwjk ifjokj
ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u gksuk] dtsZ] dejk dejk
>xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k Vadh
gksuk] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ txg
leL;k,] igyh] rhljh] pkSFkh o ij j[ksaA
lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o lM+d N lM+d W
fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA N W

edku iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA eq[; nhokj
uhpk
fuekZ.k lM+d fuekZ.k
ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA
njoktk lgh
'kqHk lM+d lkmFk&osLV] ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha
N W

xzkmUM yksj ij lkmFk&bZLV esa eq[;}kj gSA cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA lsfIVd VSad lkmFk&osLV esa gSA jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij fuekZ.k
if'pe dksus ls lVk gSA fuekZ.k esa mRrj o iwoZ dksus dV x, gSaA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] ?kj ds eqf[k;k] igyh o
ikpoh larku chekj] cqjh vknrsa] vijk/kh gksuk o tsy tkuk laHko gSA /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl o iz'kklfud
leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
xEHkhj izHkko %
cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] cksfjax o eq[;}kj dks iwoZ esa E S
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A cksfjax lM+d
igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks
jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can [kqyk LFkku
NTtk
lkmFk&bZLV esa vkxs dh rjQ [kqyk E S djuk t:jh gSA
LFkku gSA blls tqM+s gq, iM+ksl ds lM+d
edku o bl ykbZu ds lHkh edkuksa dejk
ds vkxs Hkh ,d leku [kqyk LFkku gS] [kqyk LFkku cksfjax dejk
jlksbZ dh LySc vkSj nhokj ds
NTtk
lM+d
blfy, ;g nks"k ugha gSA chp dahV o lfj;k fn[kk, czLFkku VkW;ysV
xEHkhj izHkko % dejk
vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap
dejk rd dkVdj vyx djsaA jlksbZ
e[q; }kj lkmFk&bLZV eas gAS blls
fdlh Hkh gky esa LySc
lM+d
efgyk,a chekj] dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld czLFkku VkW;ysV

v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh ?kVuk,] ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha dejk
lVuh pkfg,A VkW;ysV dejk
dkVs&Z dl
s ] i'zkkl fud leL;k,]
nlw jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd jlksbZ
LVksj
s hA
dejk lsfIVd VSad dks mRrj esa ykWch
VkW;ysV fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A
vkaf'kd izHkko % dejk
lsfIVd
jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj LVksj VSad igys ls cus gq, lsfIVd VSad
ls lVh gqbZ gSA blls ifr&iRuh esa dks feV~Vh Hkjdj can djuk lsfIVd VSad lM+d
>xM+s o jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxsA ykWch t:jh gSA N W
xEHkhj izHkko %
lfsIVd Vd aS lkmFk&oLsV eas gAS blls lM+d
?kj ds efq[k;k] igyh o ikp oha lraku N W
chekj] cjqh vknr]as vijk/kh gkusk] ty s
tkuk] ,DlhMVas o eR`;q Hkh lHako gAS
Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys E S
lM+d
E S [kqyk LFkku
lM+d
vkaf'kd izHkko % [kqyk LFkku
fuekZ.k esa iwoZ dksuk dVk gqvk gSA
blls iq:"k chekj Hk; yxuk] jlksbZ
eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] 1- dVs gq, dksuksa dks 'ksM }kjk
iz'kklfud leL;k,] larku u gksuk eqeVh
fn[kk, vuqlkj doj djds
lM+d
o xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA jlksbZ

lh/kk djsaA Nr
eqeVh
lM+d
2- doj djus ds fy, leku dejk

vkaf'kd izHkko % Nr lkexzh dk gh iz;ksx djsaA Vadh
fuekZ.k esa mRrj dksuk dVk gqvk gSA
blls /ku dh deh] efgyk,a chekj] 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d leku gh Vadh
dejk
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k o ekufld Vadh gksuk pkfg,A Vadh
v'kkfUr jgsxhA Vadh
Vadh
xEHkhj izHkko VkW;ysV lM+d
VkW;ysV dks fn[kk, vuqlkj
VkW;ysV osLV&ukFkZosLV dh nhokj lM+d ukFkZ&osLV dh nhokj ls de ls N W
ls lVk gS] blls ?kj ds eqf[k;k o de 1 QhV nwj cuk,A
iq:"k larku ?kj ls ckgj jgsaxsA N W

E S
edku iM+ksl dk edku cjkcj rd fufeZr gS] blls dksbZ izHkko ugha gksxkA eq[; nhokj
cjkcj fuekZ.k
lM+d
fuekZ.k
njoktk lgh
lkekU; lM+d lkmFk&osLV] ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha
N W tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsaxkA njoktk xyr

xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj o cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus o bZLV&lkmFkbZLV dh nhokj ij eqeVh
dk fuekZ.k gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr]
vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk, o iz'kklfud leL;k, jgsaxhA nwljh o NBh larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
cksfjax o eq[;}kj dks fn[kkbZ
xEHkhj izHkko % xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls E S
lh<h+ iowZ dkuss ls lVh gbqZ gAS blls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks jsr vkSj
E S i:
q "kkas dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk]
lsfIVd
feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk
eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] t:jh gSA
VSad dkVs&Z dl s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] VkW;ysV
VkW;ysV lraku u gkusk o xHkiZkr gkusk lHako gAS cksfjax ykWCkh
cksfjax VkW;ysV
1- lh<+h o nhokj ds chp
ykWCkh VkW;ysV xEHkhj izHkko % dahV o lfj;k fn[kk,
eq[; }kj o cksfjax lkmFk&bZLV esa vuqlkj de ls de 3 bap dejk dejk
gSA blls efgyk,a chekj] iq:"kksa esa cz
dejk dejk rd dkVdj vyx djsaA LFkku
cz Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] 2- fdlh Hkh gky esa lh<+hiwoZ
LFkku vkx o pksjh dh ?kVuk,]
dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud leL;k,] dksus ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
nwljh o NBh larku dks vf/kd 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds dejk
xS dejk
dejk
xS dejk leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh fy, eq[; nhokj ls de ls y
y
jgsxhA de 3 bap nwj ,d iryh jh
jh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s dj
xaHkhj izHkko % ldrs gSaA dejk dejk
lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls
dejk dejk efgyk o L=h larku chekj] lsfIVd VSad dks mRRkj esa fn[kkbZ
eku&lEeku esa deh] LoHkko xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls lsfIVd lM+d
fpM+fpM+k] ftn~nh o ekufld cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr vkSj VSad
lM+d v'kkfUr jgsxhA N W
feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk
N W t:jh gSA

1- eeqVh dh Nr o nhokjkas dks
E S rkMs d
+ j gVkus ls nk"sk njw gks E S
lM+d tk,xkA
eqeVh iwoZ dksus o lkmFk&bZLV dh
nhokj ls lVh gSA blls efgyk,a 2- ;fn eeqVh dh Nr j[kuh
eqeVh o iq:"k chekj] larku u gksuk] vko';d gS rks bls dkuss ls
eqeVh
xHkZikr] iq:"kksa esa Hk;] dtsZ] >xM+s] de ls de 3 QhV dh njwh ij
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pksjh dh fn[kk, vul q kj cuk ldrs gAS
?kVuk,] dksVZ&dsl] iz'kklfud eeqVh dh p aW kbZ de ls de
leL;k,] nwljh o NBh larku dks j[kas o bls gYdh lkexhz tl S s
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls QkbcZj ;k Vhu 'kM s ls doj lM+d
lM+d ijs'kkuh jgsxhA djAas blls bl nk"sk dk iHzkko
vkfa'kd jg tk,xkA
3- nk"sk dks ijwh rjg ls njw djus
ds fy, cuh gbqZ lh<h+ o eeqVh
dks rkMs d
+ j gVk nAas
4- ubZ lh<h+ o eeqVh dk fuek.Zk
MkVWM
s~ ykbuZ ls fn[kkbZ xbZ
lM+d txg eas gh djAas lM+d
N W N W

xyr fuekZ.k
E S okLrq ds vuqlkj 'ksM }kjk fn[kk, x, edku ds fuokfl;ksa ij izHkko %
edku iM+ksl dk edku pk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k chekj jgsaxsA eq[; nhokj
pk
fuekZ.k
lM+d
fuekZ.k
v'kqHk lM+d njoktk xyr
tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsaxkA
N W
xzkmUM yksj ij eq[;}kj lkmFk&bZLV esa gSA cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA VkM o jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA Nr ij iwoZ dksus esa VkW;ysV dk
fuekZ.k gSA ikuh dh Vadh ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA dejk ukFkZ&osLV] ukFkZ&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj o mRrj dksus ls lVk gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj]
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr] /ku dh deh] dtsZ] >xM+s] ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx&pksjh dh ?kVuk, o iz'kklfud leL;k,
jgsaxhA nwljh] rhljh] NBh o lkroha larku dks vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVh gks rks mls vf/kd o csVk gks rks mls de
xaHkhj izHkko % eq[; }kj o cksfjax dkss iwoZ esa E S
cksfjax nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h E S fn[kkbZ xbZ txg ij cuk,A lM+d
larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] igys ls cuh gqbZ cksfjax dks cksfjax
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o lM+d
cksfjax jsr o feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can
ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA
djuk t:jh gSA
xaHkhj izHkko %
e[q; }kj lkmFk&bLZV eas gAS blls dejk dejk
efgyk,a chekj] i: q "kkas eas Hk;] dt]Zs >xM]s+
ekufld v'kkfUr] vkx o pkjsh dh jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds
?kVuk,] dkVs&Z dl s ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] chp dahV o lfj;k de ls
nlw jh o NBh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, o de 3 bap rd dkVdj
fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA czLFkku
vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh gky esa
lM+d
jlksbZ
czLFkku LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls cjkenk
lM+d

cjkenk
jlksbZ dh LySc ukFkZ&bZLV dh nhokj ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
lVh gqbZ gS] blls jlksbZ ds [kpsZ c<+saxs o
?kj esa ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA
VkWM
VkM dks dksuksa ls u lVrs gq, dejk
vkaf'kd izHkko % fn[kk, vuqlkj cuk,A
VkWM
dejk
VkMaW mRrj dkuss o ukFk&
Z bLZV dh nhokj ls
lVh gAS blls /ku dh deh] ?kj ds lM+d
efq[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o ijwk ifjokj
ij'skku] chekj] ixz fr u gkusk] igyh o lM+d W
N
pkFSkh lraku dks leL;k,a jgxas hA N W

xEHkhj izHkko %
VkW;ysV iwoZ dksus ls lVk gqvk gSA blls E S E S
iq:"kksa dks xEHkhj chekjh] Hk; yxuk] lM+d 1- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM lM+d
eku&lEeku o /ku dh deh] dksVZ&dsl] }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj
iz'kklfud leL;k,] larku u gksuk o doj djsaA
xHkZikr gksuk laHko gSA VkW;ysV VkW;ysV
2- doj djus ds fy, igys
xEHkhj izHkko % ls cus gq, dejs dh Nr
ikuh dh Vd a h ukFk&
Z bLZV dh nhokj ls lVh eqeVh ds fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh doj ,fj;k eqeVh
gbqZ gAS blls ?kj ds efq[k;k] dekus okys lkexzh ds leku lkexzh
lnL; vkjS ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] chekj]
ix
z fr u gkusk] /ku o eku&lEeku eas deh o Nr dk iz;ksx djsaA
igyh vkjS pkFSkh lraku dks vf/kd leL;k, Vadh [kqyk LFkku 3- iwjh Nr dk ry ,d
lM+d
o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgxs hA

lM+d
leku gh jguk t:jh

xEHkhj izHkko % gSA
dejk ukFk&Z oLsV o ukFk&Z bLZV dh nhokj o
mRrj dkuss ls lVk gv q k gAS blls /ku dh dejk
deh] ?kj ds efq[k;k] dekus okys lnL; o dejk
ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ Vadh
ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] chekj] ixz fr u gkusk] txg ij j[ksaA
dt]Zs >xM]s+ ekufld v'kkfUr] nhokfy;k
gkusk] dkVs&Z dls ] i'zkklfud leL;k,] lM+d
igyh] rhljh] pkFSkh o lkroha lraku dks N lM+d W
vf/kd leL;k, o fookg ls ij'skkuh jgx s hA N W

edku iM+ksl dk edku uhpk fufeZr gS] blls igyh larku o iq:"k LoLFk jgsaxsA eq[; nhokj
uhpk lM+d
fuekZ.k fuekZ.k
ukFkZ&bZLV esa vU; fuokl gksus ds dkj.k bl edku dks tkZ feysxhA njoktk lgh
'kqHk lM+d lkmFk&osLV] ukFkZ&osLV o lkmFk&bZLV esa vU; edku u gksus ls tkZ ugha njoktk xyr
N W tk,xhA blfy, bl Hkou esa xaHkhj okLrq nks"kksa dk izHkko Hkh vkaf'kd jgsaxkA

xzkmUM yksj ij jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA fuekZ.k esa mRrj dksuk dV x;k gSA Nr ij
eqeVh bZLV&ukFkZbZLV dh nhokj ls lVh gSA bl Hkou esa efgyk, o iq:"k chekj] LoHkko fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku esa deh] iq:"k larku u gksuk] xHkZikr o /ku dh deh
jgsxhA igyh o pkSFkh larku csVk gks rks mls vf/kd o csVh gks rks mls de leL;k, o fookg ls ijs'kkuh jgsxhA
lsfIVd VSad dkss iwoZ esa fn[kkbZ jlksbZ dh LySc o nhokj ds chp
vkaf'kd izHkko % xbZ txg ij cuk,A igys ls dahV o lfj;k de ls de 3 bap
lsfIVd VSad nf{k.k esa gSA blls efgyk o L=h larku chekj] eku&lEeku esa deh] cus gq, lsfIVd VSad dks jsr o rd dkVdj vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh
LoHkko fpM+fpM+k vkSj ftn~nh o ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA feV~Vh ls Hkjdj can djuk gky esa LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh nhokj
t:jh gSA ls ugha lVuh pkfg,A
vkaf'kd izHkko % E S E S
jlksbZ dh LySc lkmFk&bZLV dh lM+d lsfIVd VSad lM+d
cksfjax eq[; }kj lsfIVd eq[; }kj
nhokj ls lVh gS] blls VSad lh<+h o nhokj ds chp cksfjax
ifr&iRuh esa >xM+s o ?kj esa dahV o lfj;k de ls
ekufld v'kkfUr jgsxhA de 3 bap rd dkVdj
jlksbZ dejk vyx djsaA fdlh Hkh jlksbZ
dejk
vkaf'kd izHkko % gkWy gky esa lh<{h iwoZ dksus
lh<+h iwoZ dksus ls lVh gSA blls dh nhokjksa ls ugha gkWy
iq:"k chekj] LoHkko vf/kd lVuh pkfg,A
lM+d
lM+d
xqLlSy] /ku dh deh o VkW;ysV VkW;ysV
eku&lEeku de gksxkA iq:"k
larku u gksuk] xHkZikr o LVksj :e [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM LVksj :e
dksVZ&dsl Hkh laHko gSaA ykWch }kjk fn[kk, vuqlkj
dejk dejk ykWch
cus gq, Hkkx dh Nr ds
vkaf'kd izHkko % dejk fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh xbZ dejk
fuekZ.k esa mRrj dksuk dV x;k lkexz h ds leku
gSA blls efgyk, chekj] LoHkko [kqyk LFkku VkW;ysV doj ,fj;k VkW;ysV
fpM+fpM+k] eku&lEeku de lkexzh ls doj djsaA
gksxk o /ku dh deh jgsxhA N W N W

1- eqeVh dks rksM+dj E S
lM+d
E S gVkus ls nks"k nwj gks
lM+d tk,xkA
xEHkhj izHkko %
2- ;fn eqeVh dks j[kuk eqeVh
eqeVh bZLV&ukFkbZLZV dh nhokj
ls lVh gS o ikuh dh Vd a h eqeVh t:jh gS rks bls
bldh Nr ij j[kh gAS blls fn[kk, vuq l kj
?kj ds efq[k;k] dekus okys nhokj ls u lVrs gq,
lnL; vkjS ijwk ifjokj ij'skku] Vadh de ls de 3 QhV Nr lM+d
chekj] ix z fr u gkusk] /ku o lM+d
nwj cuk,A bldh [kqyk LFkku
eku&lEeku eas deh o igyh pkbZ de ls de
vkjS pkFSkh lraku cVsk gkuss ij Nr j[ksa o gYdh lkexzh
mls vf/kd o cVsh gkuss ij mls [kqyk LFkku ls doj djsaA
de leL;k, o fookg ls
ij'skkuh jgxs hA 3- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls
nwj djus ds fy, Vadh
igys ls cuh gqbZ
[kqyk LFkku
lh<+h o eqeVh dks lM+d
rksM+dj gVk nsa o bls N W
N lM+d W MkWVsM ykbZu ls
fn[kkbZ xbZ txg esa
cuk, ikuh dh Vadh dks fn[kkbZ txg ij j[ksaA

ys[kd dh dye ls
vkt ds vk/kqfud le; esa izR;sd O;fDr lq[kh] le`} o LoLFk thou O;rhr
djuk pkgrk gS ] vkSj blds fy, og gj laHko iz;Ru Hkh djrk gSA okLrq bZoj
}kjk iznku fd;k x;k ,d ,slk lqj{kk dop gS ftlds ek/;e ls ge vius
thou dks lq[kh cuk ldrs gSaA okLrq :ih ;g lqj{kk dpo mUgha O;fDr;ksa dks
izkIr gksrk gS] ftu ij bZoj dh vlhe d`ik gksrh gSA ftl izdkj xzgksa dk ?kweuk]
ekSle dk cnyuk bR;kfn izd`fr ds fu;e gSaA blh izdkj okLrq fl}kUr Hkh
izkd`frd fu;e gSaA Hkou dks okLrq ds vuqlkj ns[kdj iwjs ifjokj ds thou ds
ckjs esa crk;k tk ldrk gS] vkSj ?kj dks okLrq ds vuq:i cukus ij lHkh
leL;kvksa dk lek/kku Hkh gks tkrk gSA tks ifjokj ftl rjg ds deZ djrk gS
mls mlh rjg ds okLrq dk Hkou@LFkku feyrk gSA bl iqLrd esa crk, x,
fu;eksa ds vuqlkj Hkou dks Bhd djds ;k cukdj lq[k o le`f} izkIr dj ldrs
gSaA fdlh Hkh =`fV ds fy, {kekizkFkhZ gSaA
bZ'oj Lo:i vkids Jh pj.kksa esa

vafdr feJk
eks0: 08010381364
E-mail: ankit_mishratilhar@rediffmail.com
}kjdk/kh'k /kkfeZd lfefr
okLrq dh ubZ o foLr`r tkudkjh]

laxhre; jkek;.k o Hktu bR;kfn lquus o
eqr MkmuyksM djus ds fy,
csolkbZV www.dwarkadheeshvastu.com ns[ksaA

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rhu rjQ lM+d 277 iwoZ] mRrj vkSj nf{k.

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %

xzkmUM yksj okLrq lek/kku ls igys Nr dksbZ okLrq nks"k ugha

chekj] ekufld fpUrk,a] dejk

txg vo'; NksM+saA

N S eafnj igys ls cuh gqbZ txg ij mfpr gS fdUrq

VkWaM dks dksus ls u lVrs gq, fn[kk,

[kqyk LFkku vuqlkj cuk,A

okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy,osclkbZV www.dwarkadheeshvastu.com ns[ksa@eqr MkmuyksM djsaA

lsfIVd VSad dks mkj esa

N S iHzkko vkfa'kd jg tk,xkA N S

xEHkhj izHkko % Nr 2- nks"k dks iwjh rjg ls nwj

eqeVh dk fuekZ.k ukFkZ&bZLV dksus djus ds fy, igys ls cuh

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %

blds vkfa'kd iHzkko gkx

lkroha lraku dks leL;k,a jgx

Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn

de 3 bp a njw iryh nhokj

rksM+dj fudky nsaA N S

xEHkhj izHkko % N S 2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk tky

okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy,osclkbZV www.dwarkadheeshvastu.com ns[ksa@eqr MkmuyksM djsaA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %

ckFk:e VkW;ysV ckFk:e VkW;ysV

okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy,osclkbZV www.dwarkadheeshvastu.com ns[ksa@eqr MkmuyksM djsaA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %

vkaf'kd izHkko % jlksbZ cjkenk

dejk ,DlhMsaV o e`R;q Hkh laHko gSA

dejk ,d iryh nhokj ;k

Nr okLrq lek/kku ds ckn

okys lnL; vkjS ijwk ifjokj

okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy,osclkbZV www.dwarkadheeshvastu.com ns[ksa@eqr MkmuyksM djsaA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %

blds ij ikuh dh Vadh j[kh 3- Nr ds uhps dejs bR;kfn

okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy,osclkbZV www.dwarkadheeshvastu.com ns[ksa@eqr MkmuyksM djsaA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %

NTtk fiyj lM+d cksfjax

jlksbZ ykWch jlksbZ

lh<+h ukFkZ&bZLV dksus ls lVh dkVdj vyx djsaA

gksuk] /ku o eku&lEeku esa 3- lh<+h dk otu jksdus ds fy,

QkbZcj 'khV j[ksaA

4- ;fn dahV ls doj djuk

okLrq dh ubZ tkudkjh o laxhr ds fy,osclkbZV www.dwarkadheeshvastu.com ns[ksa@eqr MkmuyksM djsaA

okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %

jlksbZ iryh nhokj ;k LrEHk [kM+s UP

Nr ds fuek.Zk eas i;zkx

dejk iwjk ifjokj ijs'kku] chekj] izxfr u

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okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %

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okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %

xEHkhj izHkko % 2- [kqys gq, Hkkx dks 'ksM }kjk

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okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %

dks jsr o feV~Vh Hkjdj can dejk

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okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %

Nr okLrq lek/kku ls igys

jlkbsZ dk fuek.Zk mkj dh nhokj ls lVk gAS jlksbZ iz;ksx djsaA

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okLrq nks"kksa dk iwjs Hkou ij izHkko %