07/12/2016 Antiresonance - Wikipedia

Antiresonance
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Inthephysicsofcoupledoscillators,antiresonance,byanalogywithresonance,isapronouncedminimumin
theamplitudeofoneoscillatorataparticularfrequency,accompaniedbyalargeshiftinitsoscillationphase.
Suchfrequenciesareknownasthesystem'santiresonantfrequencies,andatthesefrequenciestheoscillation
amplitudecandroptoalmostzero.Antiresonancesarecausedbydestructiveinterference,forexamplebetween
anexternaldrivingforceandinteractionwithanotheroscillator.

Antiresonancescanoccurinalltypesofcoupledoscillatorsystems,includingmechanical,acoustic,
electromagneticandquantumsystems.Theyhaveimportantapplicationsinthecharacterizationofcomplex
coupledsystems.

Contents
1 Antiresonanceincoupledoscillators
2 Interpretationasdestructiveinterference
3 Complexcoupledsystems
4 Applications
5 Otheruses
6 Seealso
7 References

Antiresonanceincoupledoscillators
Thesimplestsysteminwhichantiresonancearisesisa
systemofcoupledharmonicoscillators,forexample
pendulaorRLCcircuits.

Considertwoharmonicoscillatorscoupledtogetherwith
strength andwithoneoscillatordrivenbyanoscillating
externalforce .Thesituationisdescribedbythecoupled
ordinarydifferentialequations

wherethe representtheresonancefrequenciesofthetwo
oscillatorsandthe theirdampingrates.Changing
variablestothecomplexparameters
, allowsus
towritetheseasfirstorderequations:

Steadystateamplitudeandphaseoftwocoupled
harmonicoscillatorsasafunctionoffrequency.

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Wetransformtoaframerotatingatthedrivingfrequency ,yielding

wherewehaveintroducedthedetunings betweenthedriveandtheoscillators'resonance
frequencies.Finally,wemakearotatingwaveapproximation,neglectingthefastcounterrotatingterms
proportionalto ,whichaveragetozerooverthetimescalesweareinterestedin(thisapproximation
assumesthat ,whichisreasonableforsmallfrequencyrangesaroundtheresonances).Thus
weobtain:

Withoutdamping,drivingorcoupling,thesolutionstotheseequationsare ,whichrepresent
arotationinthecomplex planewithangularfrequency .

Thesteadystatesolutioncanbefoundbysetting ,whichgives:

Examiningthesesteadystatesolutionsasafunctionofdrivingfrequency,itisevidentthatbothoscillators
displayresonances(peaksinamplitudeaccompaniedbypositivephaseshifts)atthetwonormalmode
frequencies.Inaddition,thedrivenoscillatordisplaysapronounceddipinamplitudebetweenthenormal
modeswhichisaccompaniedbyanegativephaseshift.Thisistheantiresonance.Notethatthereisno
antiresonanceintheundrivenoscillator'sspectrumalthoughitsamplitudehasaminimumbetweenthenormal
modes,thereisnopronounceddipornegativephaseshift.

Interpretationasdestructiveinterference
Thereducedoscillationamplitudeatanantiresonancecanberegardedasduetodestructiveinterferenceor
cancellationofforcesactingontheoscillator.

Intheaboveexample,attheantiresonancefrequencytheexternaldrivingforce actingonoscillator1cancels
theforceactingviathecouplingtooscillator2,causingoscillator1toremainalmoststationary.

Complexcoupledsystems
Thefrequencyresponsefunction(FRF)ofanylineardynamicsystemcomposedofmanycoupledcomponents
willingeneraldisplaydistinctiveresonanceantiresonancebehaviorwhendriven.[1]

Asaruleofthumb,itcanbestatedthatasthedistancebetweenthedrivencomponentandthemeasured
componentincreases,thenumberofantiresonancesintheFRFdecreases.[2]Forexample,inthetwooscillator
situationabove,theFRFoftheundrivenoscillatordisplayednoantiresonance.Resonancesandantiresonances
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onlyalternatecontinuouslyintheFRFofthedrivencomponent
itself.

Applications
Animportantresultinthetheoryofantiresonancesisthattheycan
beinterpretedastheresonancesofthesystemfixedatthe
excitationpoint.[2]Thiscanbeseeninthependulumanimation
above:thesteadystateantiresonantsituationisthesameasifthe
leftpendulumwerefixedandcouldnotoscillate.Animportant Animationshowingtimeevolutiontothe
corollaryofthisresultisthattheantiresonancesofasystemare antiresonantsteadystateoftwocoupled
independentofthepropertiesofthedrivenoscillatori.e.theydo pendula.Theredarrowrepresentsadriving
notchangeiftheresonancefrequencyordampingcoefficientofthe forceactingontheleftpendulum.
drivenoscillatorarealtered.

Thisresultmakesantiresonancesusefulincharacterizing
complexcoupledsystemswhichcannotbeeasilyseparated
intotheirconstituentcomponents.Theresonance
frequenciesofthesystemdependonthepropertiesofall
componentsandtheircouplings,andareindependentof
whichisdriven.Theantiresonances,ontheotherhand,are
dependentuponthecomponentbeingdriven,therefore
providinginformationabouthowitaffectsthetotalsystem.
Bydrivingeachcomponentinturn,informationaboutallof
theindividualsubsystemscanbeobtained,despitethe
couplingsbetweenthem.Thistechniquehasapplicationsin
mechanicalengineering,structuralanalysis,[3]andthe
designofintegratedquantumcircuits.[4]
Examplefrequencyresponsefunctionofa
dynamicalsystemwithseveraldegreesoffreedom,
Otheruses showingdistinctresonanceantiresonancebehavior
inbothamplitudeandphase.
Inelectricalengineering,thewordantiresonancemayalso
beusedtorefertotheconditionforwhichtheimpedanceof
anelectricalcircuitisveryhigh,approachinginfinity.

Inanelectriccircuitconsistingofacapacitorandaninductorinparallel,antiresonanceoccurswhenthe
alternatingcurrentlinevoltageandtheresultantcurrentareinphase.[5]Undertheseconditionsthelinecurrent
isverysmallbecauseofthehighelectricalimpedanceoftheparallelcircuitatantiresonance.Thebranch
currentsarealmostequalinmagnitudeandoppositeinphase.[6]

Theprincipleofantiresonanceisusedinwavetraps,whicharesometimesinsertedinserieswithantennasof
radioreceiverstoblocktheflowofalternatingcurrentatthefrequencyofaninterferingstation,whileallowing
otherfrequenciestopass.[7][8]

Seealso
Resonance
Oscillator
Resonance(alternatingcurrentcircuits)
Tunedmassdamper

References
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1.Ewins,D.J.(1984).ModalTesting:TheoryandPractice.NewYork:Wiley.
2.Wahl,F.Schmidt,G.Forrai,L.(1999)."Onthesignificanceofantiresonancefrequenciesinexperimentalstructural
analysis".JournalofSoundandVibration.219(3):379.Bibcode:1999JSV...219..379W.doi:10.1006/jsvi.1998.1831.
3.Sjvall,P.Abrahamsson,T.(2008)."Substructuresystemidentificationfromcoupledsystemtestdata".Mechanical
SystemsandSignalProcessing.22:15.Bibcode:2008MSSP...22...15S.doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2007.06.003.
4.Sames,C.Chibani,H.Hamsen,C.Altin,P.A.Wilk,T.Rempe,G.(2014)."AntiresonancePhaseShiftinStrongly
CoupledCavityQED".PhysicalReviewLetters.112:043601.arXiv:1309.2228 .Bibcode:2014PhRvL.112d3601S.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.043601.
5.Kinsler,LawrenceE.etal.FundamentalsofAcousticsWiley,4ed,Hardcover,ISBN0471847895,1999,p46
6.Balanis,ConstantineA.AntennaTheory:AnalysisandDesignWileyInterscience3ed,Hardcover,ISBN0471
66782X,2005,p195
7.Pozar,DavidM.MicrowaveEngineeringWiley,Hardcover,ISBN0471448788,2004p275
8.Sayre,CotterW.CompleteWirelessDesignMcGrawHillProfessional2ed,Hardcover,ISBN0071544526,2008,
p4

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