Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PP vs KOTTINGER, GR NO 20569, Oct. 29, 1923 R.A No. 10158 (April 2012) decriminalized
vagrancy.
FACTS: accused was selling postcards with naked
women on the post cards. Was it obscene? -all penmding cases dismissed, all serving sentence
released.
SC said no. these are pictures of naked women as
they would appear in their villages. They did not ART 202. Vagrants and prostitutes. (has been
make any unsual poses or exgerated sexually decriminialized)
message in the postcards. It is obscene because
what is obscene is Offenders:
The word obscene and the term obscenity may a. One who neglects to apply himself to some
be defined as meaning something offensive to lawful calling, if physically able to (w/o
visible means of support);
chastity, decency, or delicacy. indecency is an
b. One who loiters around public or semi-
act against good behaviour and a just delicacy.
public bldgs. Or places tramping or
deprave of corrupt those whose minds are open wandering around (w/o visible means of
to such immoral influences and into whose hands support);
a publication or other article charged as being c. Idle or dissolute persons who lodges in
obscene may fall. houses of ill-repute and ruffians or pimps
who habitually associate with prostitutes;
Another test of obscenity is that which shocks the d. One who loiters in inhabited or
ordinary and common sense of men as an
uninhabited places w/o any lawful or
indecency. justifiable purpose; and
Prostitutes
FERNANDO vs CA, GR 159751, Dec 6, 2006 (READ Elements:
TO UNDERSTAND MORE WHAT IS DECENT or NOT)
1. Women
Test of Obscenity 2. Engage in sexual intercourse or lascivious
Latest guidelines: conduct,
3. Habitual kung panalagsa ra, pang load,
a. Whether to the average person, applying pang tuition - not prostitution must be
contemporary standards would find the done habitually, and
work, taken as a whole, appeals to the 4. For money or profit.
prurient interest;
b. Whether the work depicts or describes, in *RA 9208
patently offensive way, sexual conduct ART 203 Public Officers
specifically defined by the applicable state
law; and every public servant from the highest to the
c. Whether the work, taken as a whole. Lacks lowest. (MANIEGO vs PP, 88 Phil 494)
serious literary, artistic, political, or
scientific value. Examples:
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-swimming instructor at UP Los Banos PP vs ART 205. Judgement rendered through
LARIN, Oct 7, 1998 negligence.
Misfeasance- improper performance of some act ART 206. Unjust interlocutory order.
which might lawfully be done.
Elements:
Malfeasance- performance of some act which
ought not to be done. 1. Judge;
2. He: a) knowingly renders unjust
ART 204. Knowingly rendering unjust judgement. interlocutory order or decree or b) renders
manifestly unjust interlocutory order or
Elements: decree through inexcusable negligence or
1. Judge; ignorance.
2. Renders a judgement;
Interlocutory order
3. Judgement is unjust;
4. Judge knows. Issued by the court between commencement and
the end of a suit or action and which decides some
Are we saying that a judge cannot make a mistake? point or matter, but which, however, is not a final
- no, a judge may make a mistake as long as decision of the matter in issue.
he does not know that he is making a does it leave something to be done in the trial
mistake and despite knowing it is a wrong court with respect to the merits of the case main
judgement he will insist in promulgating issue?
that judgement.
- Pero kung sayop lang jud sya, wa sya Yes interlocutory order.
kabalo sa balaod, I dont know why he
became a judge, he may be liable for some JUDGEMENT disposes an issue of a cases
administrative penalty but not this article. INTERLOCUTORY ORDER an order that does not
Because again, there must be criminal dispose of the main issue of the case, a preliminary
intent. injuction, a writ attachment and other else.
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ART 207. Malicious delay in the administration of of his official duties, in consideration of any
justice. offer, promise, gift or present.
2. Accepting a gift, in consideration of the
Elements: execution of an act which does not
1. Judge; constitute a crime.
2. There is a proceeding in his court; 3. Agreeing to refrain or refraining from
3. Delays the administration of justice; doing something which was his official
4. Malice; inflict damage on either party to duty to do in consideration of a gift or
the case. promise of a gift.
1. Agree to perform an act constituting a If the offender actually commits the crime,
crime, in connection with the performance he shall suffer the corresponding penalty thereto in
addition to the penalty for direct bribery.
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What if the public officer actually commits the act 3rd paragraph ..refrain from doing something
that constitutes a crime? Lets say a court which it was his official duty to do,
stenographer agrees to commit falsification okay
ra atty alisodon nko ang yes og no. The mere act of If the failure to perform the official duty shall also
constitute a crime, the offender shall be liable
agreeing to commit the crime constitute direct
bribery. So both falsification and direct bribery. under paragraph 1.
- a government employee processing documents in You have the building official and city engineer.
consideration of a gift. They were acquiitted because apparently because
the document to be issued was not supposedly to
Gift must be accepted. If not all you end up with is be issued by another office and not their office.
a public officer doing his duty. Naka lusot.
if the gift was accepted.. if said act shall not have Must relate to the official functions of the public
been accomplished, officer.
The public officer must accept the gift. however, where the act is entirely outside of the
official functions of the officer to whom the
The implication is that an acceptance of an offer or money is offered, the offense is not bribery.
promise is not sufficient. (TAD-Y vs PP, GR NO 148862, August 11, 2005)
Mere agreement to execute the act is not
ART 211 Indirect Bribery
sufficient. Either the offender accomplishes the act
or at least commences the same by overt acts. Elements:
What if you just accept the gift and not do any ..accepts gifts
overt act yet? Yah gi dawat ang kwarta but does
not do anything. Unsa man? The offender must accept a gift.
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ART 216 Possession of prohibited interest by a 3. offender is accountable for the
public officer. funds/property;
4. offender commits any of the four acts
The article does not distinguish between elective, previously enumerated.
appointive or whether the public officer is such by
provision of law. Custody or control of funds
The felony consists in becoming interested in any It is the nature of the duties and not the title
contract or business in which it was his official duty thereof that is controlling.
to intervene.
if he is an employee of, or in some way connected
The article also punishes private individuals like with the govt and that, in the course of his
experts, arbitrators, private accountants, guardians employment, he receives money or prop belonging
and executors as long as it was their duty to to the govt for which he is bound to account. (US
intervene in the contract or business that he takes vs VELASQUEZ, 32 Phil 157)
interest in. even though they are not public
officers. Qualified Charge
What is punished here possible conflict of interest. He had no authority of his own volition to
Public official ka then you intervene because of withdraw funds from the safe upon any pretext
your official duties and yet you are interested, and whatsoever. The funds were placed in the safe and
tend to give the interpretation most favorable to could only be taken from it by his superior officer
or by his order. Defendants possession of the key
you.
and the combination of the safe gave him control
ART 217 Malversation. over the contents (US vs F. WICKER SHAM, GR No
6781, 1911 Nov 6, 1911)
The acts punished are:
Since he was not fully in control of the funds that
1. Appropriating; were taken from the safe he could not be liable for
2. Taking or misappropriating; malversation but may be liable for either theft or
3. Consenting, or thru abandonment or
estafa but not malversation.
negligence, permitting other persons
totake public funds or property; When you do not have full control of the money
4. o/w guilty of misappropriation or and you took it then it may be theft.
Malversation.
Accountable officer
Penalty for Malversation:
The vital fact is not so much the manner in which
Penalty for Malversation is the same whether appellant could lawfully perform his duties in
committed with malice or through negligence. relation to said funds as the fact that he received
money belonging to the Govt for which he was
Elements: bound to account (VELASQUEZ)
1. public officer; As long as money was handed to you and you had
2. custody or control of funds/property by to account for it. And control comes hand in hand
reason of his public office by reason of with account.
public office;
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Private individuals are also liable But in another case where he had to go out of the
room, borrow some money form some friends turn
ART 222 The provision of this chapter shall apply to It over to the person demanding to account, is
private individuals who in any capacity considered to have failed to account because he
whatsoever, have charge of public funds,
had to get out of the office and borrow money
revenues, or property from other people.
even if such property belongs to a private PART 4
individual.
ART 218 Failure to render accounts
Examples:
In this felony, the offender who is required to
-property in custodia legis render an account to the COA or auditor fails to
-property seized by law enforcement agents do so.
Naay caso na gi pangita-an sya ug sinsiyo, he was In malversation the officer uses the funds for
able to produce the change from his pocket. Ingun personal purposes. Here its not, its still for public
SC that is not malversation because he was able to purpose but for a different purpose for which it
account for it. was supposed to be used for.
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Ex. Funds for a road were used instead to build a SC SAID THAT IS NOT NEGLIGENCE. COMPARED TO
road. Intention does not matter. Bahalag for a GUARD GUARDING AT THE FRONT YARD TALKING
good cause. TO SOMEBODY ELSE WHILE SMOKING. KANA
KLARO NAJUD NA NEGLIGENCE.
ART 221 Failure to make delivery of public funds
or property Negligence
Elements:
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Removal, concealment or destruction. YES
If the act is removing, there must be an illicit ART 229 Revelation of secrets by an officer.
purpose, which, however, need not be
accomplished. Acts punishable:
If the act is by concealing or destroying, the same 1. Revealing any secrets known by public
does not require proof of an illicit purpose. here officer by reason of official capacity;
presumption is that you have intention and you 2. Delivering wrongful papers or copies of
need to rebut this presumption. papers of which he may have charge and
which should not be published.
ART 227 Officer breaking seal. pag ka way
hinumdan
ART 230 Public officer revealing secrets of private
Elements: individual.
The offender is charged with the sealed paper or ART 231 Open disobedience
property.
The offender is a judicial or executive officer.
The envelope or parcel need not be opened, what
is required is that the seal is broken by the You will notice walay legislative. I dont know why.
offender or he permits another to break the said Probably because they made the law. Nganu apil2x
man nto ato kaugalingon na kita man ga himo.
seal.
The offender, without legal justification, openly
No damage is required.
refuses to execute a judgement, decision or order
ART 228 Opening of closed documents. issued by a superior authority.
What if the document was not intrusted to him. The offender suspends its execution and
Yang gi kawat nyah iyang gi abri. Masuod sya ani na the superior officer disapproves the suspension.
article?
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Nagbalik2x ni sya pero of course kinsa mu daog ang ART 236 Anticipation of duties of a public office.
superior jud.
Offender is entitled to hold public
The felony consists in disobeying the superior office/employment by election or appointment.
despite the disapproval of the suspension.
The offender assumes the performance of duties
ART 233 Refusal of assistance. without taking his oath of office or give the bond
required by law.
Offender is a public officer.
ART 237 Prolonging performance of duties and
Competent authority demands that he lends his
powers.
cooperation in the administration of justice or
other public service. The public officers period to hold public office has
expired as provided by law, regulation or special
Offender maliciously fails to do so. provision.
Serious damage to a third party or public interest The felony consists in the public officer continuing
is qualifying. to exercise his duties and powers of such office
despite the expiration of the period.
ART 234 Refusal to discharge elective office. So how about this issue about our suspended
governor, is she liable under this article?
Offender is elected by popular election.
No because her term has not expired.
The felony is committed when the offender,
without legal motive, refuses to: ART 238 Abandonment of office or position.
ART 235 Maltreatment of prisoners Without his resignation being accepted, the public
officer abandon his office to the detriment of
Offender is a public officer who has under his public service.
charge a prisoner.
ART 239 Usurpation of legislative powers.
Maltreatment consists in:
The offender is an executive or judicial officer.
1. Overdoing the correction or handling of
prisoners: The offender:
a. Punishments not authorized a. Makes general rules or regulations beyond
b. Authorized punishments in a scope of his authority; or
humiliating manner b. Attempts to repeal a law; or
2. Extort a confession or obtain information. c. Suspends the execution thereof.
*Anti-torture Act RA 9745 How about the SC in their rules of court, are they
liable under this article?
a. Assumes powers pertaining to the ART 245 Abuses against chastity na sa-ag na
executive; or article
b. Obstructs the executive in the lawful
exercise of their powers. Offenders:
ART 241 Usurpation of judicial functions. 1. Any public officer before whom matters for
decision are pending or with respect to
The offender is a member of the executive branch which he is required to submit a report to,
who: or consult with a superior officer.
a. Assumes judicial powers; or 2. A warden or public officer charged with
b. Obstructs the execution of any order or care and custody of prisoners or persons
decision rendered by an judge w/in his under arrest.
jurisdiction. Abuses against chastity
ART 242 Disobeying request for disqualification The felony consists in soliciting or making immoral
The offense is the disobedience of a public officer or indecent advances to a woman.
who has been lawfully refrained, due to questions It can also be done to the wife, daughter, sister or
of jurisdiction, from continuing with proceedings in relative within the same degree of affinity of the
his office. person in custody. (Mother is not included)
Ex. Quoaranto proceedings questioning nganu man wala sila kadungog ug MILF?!!
qualification of a particular person. man diay?? Thats the law.
What distinguishes parricide from other felonies The married person or parent surprises the
involving destruction of life is the element of spouse/daughter in the act of sexual intercourse;
relationship by blood. Even in the case of legal
adoption, the killing of an adopted child is not The spouse/daughter and their paramour or
seducer are killed or serious physical injuries are
parricide as the relationship is not by blood.
inflicted upon them by the married person or
Knowledge of such relationship by the offender is parent.
not required.
Why Not a felony, no penalty.
How about an adopted child?
The act is a justified burst of passion.
FMC says that adopted child for all intesive
purposes what? Adopted child angay daug-daugon. In book 1, where a husband caught his wife and the
Aw. Di diay legitimate diay. lover in their house and then he attacked the lover
and the lover defended himself, the lover was able
Reyes book is not updated may not have to kill the husband and then interposed self
considered the FMC. defense.
In keeping with the times, killing an adopted child SC said no aggression was lawful. In fact if he
should be considered as parricide. would have killed you or the wife, it would have
been a justified burst of passion.
IN A CASE WHERE A WIFE AND A LOVER
CONSPIRING TO KILL THE HUSBAND BY PLACING A - must be caught in the act or inflicts the injury or
BOMB IN HIS CAR THE WIFE WAS CONVICTED OF kills in the act or immediately there after. As long
PARRICIDE while the LOVER MURDER. Why? as it can be established that they had sexual
Because.... intercourse right then and there before they were
caught.
Art 62, par 3 RPC Book I.
Destierro is a measure to protect the
circumstances that arise from the private spouse/parent from possible retaliation from the
relations with the offended party serve to relatives of the deceased or injured.
aggravate or mitigate the liability of those as to
whom such circumstances are attendant. in the act or immediately thereafter,
ART 247 Death or physical injuries under The killing/serious physical injuries must be
exceptional circumstances. committed while the wife/daughter is in the act of
sexual intercourse or immediately thereafter (right
Preliminary requisites: after the sexual intercourse)
a. Legally married person with respect to in the act of committing sexual intercourse
his/her spouse.
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Where there is no clear showing that sexual PP vs abarca
intercourse has occurred, the article is not
applicable. BITUANAN (man and wife were seen The husband just came home from taking the bar
sleeping on the same bed), GONZALES (Wife was exam. Uli sya sa ila, want to go to another town so
went to the bus terminal early. Only to find out
rising up while a man was buttoning his drawers) in
these cases it cannot be. that all the buses were full. So balik sya ilang
bahay. So naa man ni puli sa iyang place sa bed. So
It is not necessary that he see the carnal act. It is pag lili nya sa vents around the room. True enough
enough that the circumstances reasonably show his wife and the lover was having sexual
thet the carnal act is being committed or has just intercourse but he made a noise wherein nakakit
been committed. nuon ang lover sa iya. Ma pa nasuko gi tiunan sya
ug pusil, dagan sya ngita sya sa iyang amigo na
It is therefore, necessary that sexual intercourse is
sundalo huwam syag pusil when he went to the
established.
place of the lover iyang gi rakrakan naa na-apil lain.
Where sexual intercourse is not clearly established
SC said as far as shooting the lover no liabilty. But
or if only preparatory acts are committed, Art 247 to the other people reckless imprudence. Why?
is not applicable. Also in premeditated plans to The act was lawful it was a justified burst of
avail of the circumstance it cannot be justified. So
passion.
it must be strictly construed. Only during the act or
immediately after.
Farmer in the morning when he went back to his The unlawful killing of another which is not
house catches the wife and the lover and the parricide or infanticide, with the presence of any of
lover ran away. So the husband warned the wife the six circumstances enumerated:
not to do it again. In the afternoon husband found
them again in the toilet. Farmer found his wife 1. Treachery
rise from the ground and the lover buttoning his 2. Price
3. Inundation
drawers. It is then he attacked both of them.
4. Calamities
SC did not believe him. said: 5. Evident premeditation
6. Cruelty
Neither ii it likely that a woman thirty years of age,
like Sixta Quilason, and twenty-five-year old
Isabelo EVangelio, both of sound judgment as is to
be supposed, had dared to have carnal intercourse Par 3 vs Par 1,2, 4, 5 and 6
near the toilet of the offended partys house, a Par 3. by means of inundation, fire, poison
place which is naturally frequented by some must be consciously adopted
persons. (PP vs GONZALES, 69 Phil 66)
Pars 1, 5 and 6. with
- it may be that it was only an afterthought
of gonzales of not killing them in the Par 2 in consideration
morning.
Par 4 on the occasion..
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By means of fire are liable for treachery because you hit him from
behind in a sudden and treatcherous manner.
The rule in these decisions is that: there is a need
to establish intent to kill, by means of fire, on the Killing a child of tender years.
part of the offender to qualify the killing to murder.
..the killing of a child in tender age, defenceless
-PP vs GALURA, 16 CA Rep 70 and unprotected, must always be classified as
murder. Even though the deceased children had
girl was given a chocolate. The intent was been awake they could not have defended
not to kill but to sexually arouse the girlfriend. themselves or have fled or escaped from the attack
Nyah ang girlfriend inhan kaayo ug chocolate gi of their assailants. (US vs ANTOBIO, GR No 10562,
kaon ang whole box namatay. not murder but
August 3, 1915)
homicide because it was not conciously adopted.
Intent to kill: so if you hit somebody with an iron
-PP vs PUGNAY, GR No 74324, Nov 17, 1988. bar. That person does not die. Intent to kill is
By means of fire. Playing a simple prank on important to distinguish or dertermine the exact
a retarded child. Ang usa gi bubu-an ug gasolina. felony.
Another accused put fire on the soaked victim so When intent to kill is present so it may be
victim burned.
attempted or frustrated murder/homicide.
SC said its not murder because there was no
If no intent it may be a case of physical injuries.
evidence that it was intentionally done. All the
evidence will show that it was just a prank taken to But if the person dies, intent to kill is conclusively
extreme but still a prank. Fire and gasoline were presumed di nata mag hisgot kung naa bay intent
not intentionally adopted here in the crime. or wa. Kung namantay intent to kill is conclusively
presumed wana malalis ana.
In arson, where you burn a house not knowing that
there are persons inside that is still arson not So like in cagoco, no intent to kill on his part but he
murder because there was no intention. But if you died so no need to argue if there was intent to kill
burned the house knowing the victim is inside. because death of the victime is a conclusive
Then that is murder. Depends upon the intent presumption of intent to kill. The most we can do
when we talk about par. 2. is give the mitigating circumstance of no intent to
commit a grave so wrong.
PP vs CAGOCO, GR No. 38511, October 6, 1933.
So if the victim dies pili-on ra ana kay murder,
considering that there is no moral or legal
homicide or reckless imprudence resulting to
incompatibility between treachery and the homicide. Mao ra na ang la-lison sa court dili na
mitigating circumstance No. 3 of Art 9 of the Penal mahimo physical injuries kung namatay na.
Code, because the former depends upon the
manner of execution of the crime and the latter Treachery
upon the tendency of the will towards a definite
As long as treachery was present, the killing is
purpose,
murder even though intent to kill is not
here he punched the person because he thought established.* Cagoco
he was being cheated in cards. Victim fell down
and died as a reuslt of the injuries. SC said. Yes you
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The essence of treachery is a deliberate and To appreciate the attendant circumstance of abuse
sudden attack that renders the victim unable and of superior strength, what should be considered is
unprepared to defend himself by reason of the whether the aggressors took advantage of their
suddenness and severity of the attack. (PP vs combined strength in order to consummate the
LOPEZ, GR No. 177302, April 16, 2009) offense. Mere superiority in number is not enough
to constitute superior strength. There must be
Must be consciously adopted so there would not clear proof that the assailants purposely used
be any risk from the victim to defend himself. excessive force out of proportion to the defense
Killing was preceded by a fight. available to the person attacked. (PP vs AMODIA,
GR No. 177356 Nov 20, 2008)- here the offenders
There may still be treachery even if, before the took turns in punching the victim. SC said so if u
assault, the assailant and the victim had an took turns then its homicide because they did not
altercation and a fisticuffs and, after the lapse of use of their numerical superiority.
some time from the said altercation, the assailant
attacks the unsuspecting victim without affording Qualifying circumstances must be proved.
the latter any real chance to defend himself. (PP It is an ancient but revered doctrine that qualifying
vs LACADEN, GR No. 187682, Nov 25, 2009) and aggravating circumstances before being taken
What if all qualifying circumstance gi gamit nimu? I into consideration, for the purpose of increasing
want an express ticket to hell, unsa man mahitabo the penalty to be imposed, must be proved with
sa imo? Only one as a qualifying and the rest as an equal certainty as those which establish the
aggravatign circumastance. commission of the criminal offense. (PP vs
ABDULAH, GR No. 182518, Jan 20, 2009)
Several qualifying circumstances.
- victim was found near garbage dumpster, there
the trial court ruled that the crime committed was was evidence that her hands were tied behind her
murder after finding that the killings were back. Murder ang gi kiha. There was evidence
attended by treachery, evident premeditation, though that she was killed in such a position. SC
dwelling and price or reward. Only one said then that is not enough to prove treachery in
aggravating circumstance is enough to qualify the crime with just circumstancial evidence.
killing to murder, the rest constitute generic
aggravating circumstances. (PANA vs JUDGE Sec 8 and 9, Rule 110, RROC
BUYSER, GR No 130144, May 24, 2001) Sec. 8 Designation of the offense ..specify its
Taking advantage of superior strength. qualifying and aggravating circumstances.
To take advantage of superior strength is to use Sec. 9 Cause of the accusation ..the qualifying
force out of proportion to the means available to and aggravating circumstances must be stated in
the person attacked to defend himself. In order to ordinary and concise language
be appreciated, it must be clearly shown that Must be specifically mentioned in the information.
there was deliberate intent on the part of the
malefactors to take advantage thereof. (PP vs ART 249 Homicide.
REGALRIO, GR No. 174483, Mar 31, 2009)
The elements of homicide are as follows:
What if victim does not die how Establishing The victim need not be a participant in the fight.
intent to kill. ART 252 Physical injuries inflicted in a tumultuous
..the means used by the malefactors, the nature, affray.
location and number of wounds sustained by the The victim must be a participant in the fight.
victim, the conduct of the malefactors before, the
time, or immediately after the killing of the victim, The offender is the one who used violence upon
the circumstances under which the crime was the person of the victim.
committed and the motives of the accused.
Slight physical injuries are not included.
(RIVERA vs PP, GR No. 166326, Jan 25, 2006)
ART 253 Giving assistance to suicide.
Inconsistent with negligence.
The person commititng suicide is not liable. No
No such felony as Reckless imprudence resulting in
felony of suicide.
attempted homicide. Only reckless imprudence
resulting in physical injuries. The scenarios are:
If there is intent (dolo) it follows that there can be 1. A person assists another to commit suicide
no culpa. and the suicide is consummated (prision
mayor);
ART 250 Penalty for frustrated parricide, murder,
2. A person assists another to commit suicide
or homicide.
and the suicide is not consummated
Courts may impose a penalty two degrees lower (arresto mayor med-max);
in cases of frustrated parricide, murder or 3. A person assist another to commit suicide
homicide and a penalty three degrees lower on by doing the killing himself and the suicide
cases of an attempted felony. is consummated (reclusion temporal);
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4. A person assist another to commit suicide If the child is born dead or could not sustain
by doing the killing himself and the suicide independent life outside the womb, infanticide is
is not consummated (one or two degrees not committed.
lower than reclusion temporal,)
ART 256 Intentional Abortion
ART 254 Discharge of firearms.
Abortion is the killing of a fetus in the womb or its
Elements: expulsion from the womb causing its death.
The parents of the pregnant woman with her Intentionally mutilating anothers organ
consent for the purpose of concealing her (totally or partially) for reproduction.
dishonour are also liable. o most serious type
o take note it must be intentional, it
ART 259 Abortion practiced by a physician or
cannot be by accident, nag away nya
midwife and dispensing abortives.
nag tinigbasay na-igo so no. the
Applicable only in intentional abortion. purpose of the accused must be to lock
off the organ of reproduction.
Physician or midwife who causes the abortion and Any other mutilation (lopping off or clipping off
takes advantage of scientific knowledge or skill is some part of the body.)
imposed the maximum penalty.
Intent of Mutilation - intentionally deprive another
ART 260 Duel of:
1. Person who killed his adversary (Reclusion so if 2 people are fighting trying to kill each
temporal) other and then somebody said self defense
2. Person who inflicted physical injuries on his because I was attacked by this old man, whose
adversary (According to the nature of the right hand has already been severed by the
injury) accused
3. Combatants where no physical injuries are o SC said that its quite difficult that the
inflicted (Arresto Mayor) accused was attacked by the old man
whose right hand has already been cut
ART 261 Challenging to a duel human jud oh.
off by the accused nya ni padayon pa
With plenty of time to spare. Maayo jud ko na
ug attaki. So can you charge for
maestro oi.
mutilation?
Acts punished: NO, because there is no
evidence hat the particular
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intention of the offender was So gi filan ang bodyguard under this article, so
to lopp off or cliff off the any 1st line of defense, how can that be a case of
other part of the body of the serious physical injuries?
accused o Well naa jud, mao ni, it was visible and
conspicuous and permanent nya of
ART 263 Serious Physical Injuries
age na bya di bya na baby tooth dina
Par 1. The victim becomes insane, an imbecile, bya mutubo and yeah physical
impotent or blind. most serious type ugliness.
So what if you have prostetics or false teeth
Par 2. The victim: placed there?
o It doesnt take away the fact na there
Loses the use of speech, power to her or smell
was permanent injury because there
Loses an eye, hand, foot, arm leg, or the use of
was an artificial intervention to speak
any such member of the body.
of there. Because when it can heal BY
o What if the victim has one eye, kay
ITSELF then that is when it is NOT
pirate, then loses an eye the other eye
permanent.
so aha naman na? so BLIND nah na sya
o So kung bag-ang, di ma klaro, so NO
sa sa 1st paragraph.
kay it is not VISIBLE.
Becomes incapacitated for work in which he
o So if you are an out of school youth
was habitually engaged.
then you cannot be charge under this
o Must prove that he was ACTUALLY
par. You must be habitually engaged, if
engaged in some kind of work before
not then use par. 4.
the injury
Par 4. If the injuries causes illness or incapacity for
Par 3. The victim:
labor for more than 30 days.
Becomes deformed. (Physical ugliness, Period of medical attendance/illness or incapacity
permanent, conspicuous and visible); for labor that is material.
Loses any other part or use of the body;
If the becomes ill or incapacitated for the Work includes studies.
performance of the work in which he was
Qualified (Parricide or Murder)
habitually engaged for a period of 90 days.
except in the case of a parent (excessive
o So in a case katung ga ilog ang mga
chastisement)
dance instructor sa usa ka client, then
o does this mean that the parent kay
client got annoyed by the two DI so
pwede ra bunalan ra ang anak ug
bodyguard stopped the dance
maayo? NO, just means that it is not
instructors and in the process broke
qualifying when inflicting serious
the front tooth of one of the DI. Ana
physical injuries
ang DI bati naman ko tanaawon nya
others run the risk of being
wala na makig sayaw nko kay kada
charged with the child abuse
musayaw ko nya mu smile there is a
law.
huge gap there and unappealing to
clients. ART 264 Administering injurious substances or
beverages.
23
Two ways of committing: Par 1. Committed by a man having sexual
intercourse with a woman:
1. Administering injurious substances or
beverages; through force or intimidation;
2. Taking advantage of weakness of mind or woman is deprived of reason/unconscious;
cruelty of victim. by means of fraudulent machination or grave
abuse of authority;
Must result in Serious Physical Injuries.
offended party is under 12 years old or
you might be under the impression that dri demented (statutory rape)
tung gi bu-buan ang naong ug acido muna na
Par 2. Sexual Assault.
disfigured. NO, that is under 263.
Here, you administer, like inject. (RA 8353, Oct. 22, 1997) (PP vs REMARIO PALMA,
GR No. 148869-74, Dec 11, 2003)
ART 265 Less Serious Physical Injuries.
Committed by any person (may be a man or a
The offender party is incapacitated for labor (any
woman) who:
kind of work) or requires medical attendance for a
period of 10 days or more but not more than 30 inserts penis into the mouth or anal orifice;
days. inserts instrument or object into genital or anal
orifice of another (does not include the mouth)
ART 266 Slight Physical Injuries
o DOJ released an order that finger gani,
The offended party is incapacitated for labor or acts of lasciviousness dili sexual
require medical attendance for a period of one to assault- why because a finger is not a
nine days. instrument or an object . HOWEVER in
a recent CA case:
Also committed: o SC said if you are gonna use an
instrument or an object like let say a
physical injuries do not incapacitate the victim
bottle or a ballpen, insert it to the
for labor nor require medical attendance.
genitals of another, what is the
o Take note when slapping is done not to
difference in a moral perspective if you
injure but humiliate that falls under
insert your finger with all the
another crime called slander by deed.
circumstance of rape. So sc said there
So mura nag libel but instead of the
is no difference there. So eventually
written word is by action.
ingun sila a FINGER CAN BE
maltreatment is when the act of the offender
CONSIDERED AS SEXUAL ASSAULT
does not cause any injury.
under 266-A.
ART 266-A Rape
Offender any person
OH kani! Tuon mo ani kay daghan mu gawas sa
Offended party any person
exam ani well not because im a pervert but
because more than half of the jurisprudence is Gravamen of the offense, rape.
rape.
The gravamen of the offense of rape is sexual
intercourse without consent. In the instant case,
24
accused-appelant obtained carnal knowledge of organ no matter how flacid it may be,
private complainant by the use of force, threat, as long as it will touch the labia thats
and intimidation. (PP vs NOGPO, GR No 184791, consumated rape.
Apr 16, 2009)
Force, threat or intimidation.
Carnal Knowledge
Force need not be irresistible.
Carnal Knowledge = Sexual Intercourse
That degree of force necessary to bring about the
Requires penetration. (but not full penetration) desired result.
Penetration ah! Wala mana siya ni shagit. She did not push
me with all her might, so no means yes, this
As we have said in unnumbered cases, full or deep
was a consesual act between to consenting
penetration is not necessary to consummate sexual
adults who were inlove with each other. So
intercourse; it is enough that there is the slightest
ngano gi kiha man ka kung inlove with each
penetration of the male organ into the female sex
other mung duha.
organ. The mere touching by the male organ of
As long as there was force and the force
the labia of the pudendum of the womans private
brought about the desired result.
part is sufficient to consummate rape. (PP vs
So what if you achieve sexual intercourse but
CASTRO, GR No 172874, Jan 17, 2008)
not through any of the means stated, sc said
there is this one case, where he was charged that this may be a case of a woman being
with rape and then he said no penetration. decieved, some other crime like seduction of
Prosecution said no!, slightest penetration is you cannot prove the force, the threat, or
enough. In this case the accused was fully intimidation was used to have sexual
naked the victim was fully naked he was intercourse with the victim.
already on top of the victim and he just
Degree of force
RUBBED his pennis in the VAGINAL MOUNT
layo ra sa labia. Iya ra gi Bag-id2x. pagkuman ni What is essential here is that the offender
lakaw. employed sufficient force to enable him to have
o SC said, that he had all the opportunity sexual intercourse with the victim. Force should
to have sexual intercourse, pero mao not be equated with lack or absence of resistance
raman ni iyang gusto sa acts of on the part of the victim. Besides, physical
lasciviousness. Pag kahuman ug rub og resistance is not an essential element of rape.
bag-id2x, oh happy nko lakaw nko. So (PP vs ARRAZ, Oct 24, 2008, GR No 183696)
acts of lasciviousness. Cause even
though there is this slightest - she did not struggle with all her might, she did
penetration it still has to be not kick, she did not bang on the walls, so that the
penetration. neighbors would know that there was some kind of
o thats why some accused mu ingun ug commotion. So its not required because this is not
im already 70 yrs old I cannot achieve an element of the crime. What is an element is that
an erection how could I rape there was force used but the DEGREE OF
somebody, well you dont need an RESISTANCE IS NOT AN ELEMENT as far as rape is
erection, all you need is that your concerned.
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Moral Ascendancy if the child is below 12 use
the RPC, statutory rape
Moral ascendancy can take place the place of force if above 12 below 18 use
and intimidation in certain cases like in incestuous the child abuse law, either
rape. sexual intercourse with a
the fathers moral ascendancy and influence minor/ sexual abuse with a
over his daughter substitutes for violence and minor
intimidation in rape cases (PP vs JIMENEZ, GR
PP vs Remario Palma ( READ and REMEMBER)
No 170235, Apr 24 2009)
this is a very good case because this involve
- no need for force, moral ascendancy will suffice.
about four or five counts, some of the
Deprived of reason or otherwise unconscious. incidents happened before Oct 22, 1997 and
others after. A good case illustrating the effects
Deprived of reason: of RA 8353. Similar acts were commited before
and after.
Insane;
o Those committed BEFORE SC said
Feebleminded;
acts of lasciviousness
Otherwise unconscious: o AFTER SC said sexual assaults.
Asleep; Finger
o What if natuog, nya pag mata ay Under the present law on rape, ART 266-A of the
penetrate na? nya pag mata, oi hot. RPC, as amended by RA 8385 (or The Anti-Rape
Unsa mani? Kinsa man mu kiha waman Law of 1997)xxx insertion of ones finger into the
sya nasuko? Can there be ratification? genitalia of another constitutes rape through
Parents, technically the sexual assault (PP vs BON, GR No. 149199, Jan 28,
parents can still file, pero ang 2003) considered as an instrument or an object.
biktima possibly mutapad sa
akusado ga dala pa ug jobi para ART 266-B Qualified Rape
paniudto chillin with my
rapist! With the use of deadly weapon, or by two
or more persons;
Administered a drug that deprives her of will
power. By reason or on the occasion victim
becomes insane;
Statutory Rape By reason or on the occasion homicide is
committed (includes attempted rape)
When the victim is under 12 years of age or is
10 aggravating/qualifying circumstances.
demented, sexual intercourse with her, regardless
Military, religious imo rapon.
of the presence or absence of consent or the other
three circumstances, is rape. Rape with homicide special complex crime
what if 13 or 14? Di makiha ug statutory rape? Rape with homicide is committed when by reason
Kung naay consent? What is the option? or on the occasion of the rape, homicide is
o Child abuse law, section 5. committed. The main intention of the offender
o The jurisprudence is,
26
must be rape and homicide was committed by his affirmative defense that it was a consensual
reason of the rape or on the occasion of the rape. sexual intercourse. (NOGPO)
Here as long as rape or homicide was Sweetheart theory is a weak defense (NOGPO)
committed on the occasion
Not credible on the bare testimony of the
So when do you know that it is rape with
accused
homicide not homicide with rape?
o The MAIN intention of the offender Not self-serving
must be discerned. Deserves scant consideration, considering that
in one case the offender dragged the woman such defense needs strong corroboration,
to an empty lot, girl said no dont bring me to A sweetheart cannot be forced to have sex
that lot, ma luoy ka nako ill give you money. against her will - love is not a license for lust
Wala tagda. Gi usab niya ill give you money my Time and date of commission
jewelry my bag. Pero wa japon gi rape japon.
And after she was raped, the man stood up kita The date or time the rape was committed is not an
sa bag ni lakaw gi dala. So later on gi kiha syag essential ingredient as it is the carnal knowledge
robbery with rape kay tuyo jud adto kay through force and intimidation that is the
robbery. gravamen of the offense. It is, thus, sufficient that
o Sc said no. kay you can see rape was the date of the commission alleged is as near as
the main intention kay no matter possible to the actual date. (PP vs ABOGANDA, GR
unsaon pag offer wala man sya gi No 183565, Apr 8, 2009)
tagad. Gi ignan pa ang babae
Place of commission
MAMAYA NALANG YAN whatever
that means. Clearly the intention was Either way, this court has observed in numerous
rape ang taking the bag was an cases that lust does not respect either time or
afterthought. So Robbery and Rape. place. The evil in man has no conscience the
beast in him bears no respect for time and place,
Sweetheart theory.
driving him to commit rape anywhere, even in
Common defense, uyab man mi, nasudlan lang mi places where people congregate such as parks, and
nasakpan sa mama mao na ang mama nag pugos inside a house where there are other occupants.
ana na ipa kiha ko ug rape (PP vs MAHINAY, GR 179190, Jan 20, 2009)
-again even though you are lovers it is not material, Physical injuries not an element
what you have to prove is that time of this
We have ruled in a number of cases that the lack of
particular sexual intercourse there was consent.
lacerated wounds does not negate sexual
Mski uyab mo nya wala diay ni sugot imung uyab
intercourse. A freshly broken hymen is not an
anang higayuna then that is rape.
essential element of rape. Even the fact that the
interposing the sweetheart theory, he claims hymen of the victim was still intact does not rule
that he and private complainant were lovers who out the possibility of rape. Research in medicine
engaged in consensual sex at dawn on March 9, even points out that negative findings are of no
2001. From the foregoing arguments, the burden significance, since the hymen may not be torn
of evidence has shifted to accused-appellant. He despite repeated coitus. (PP vs GARCIA, GR No.
should prove with clear and convincing evidence 177740 Apr 5, 2010)
27
Guiding Principles. (on how to commit rape daw) A subsequent valid marriage between the
offender and the offended party.
(1)An accusation of rape can be made with facility
and while the accusation is difficult to prove, it is includes those who have already been
even more difficult for the accused; though convicted
innocent, to disprove; (2) considering that in the
nature of things, only two persons are usually Extinguishes the criminal action or penalty
involved in the crime of rape, the testimony of the imposed.
complainant should be scrutinized with great No longer extends to accomplices and accessories.
caution; and (3) the evidence for the prosecution
must stand or fail on its merits and cannot be Does not extinguish all liability in case of multiple
allowed to draw strength from the weakness of the rape.
evidence for the defense. As a result of these
what if its a case of multiple rape?
guiding principles, credibility becomes the single
most important issue. (PP vs PELAGIO GR No Most authority say that let say there were 5 who
172052, Dec 16, 2008; PP vs LAGARDE, GR No conspired on raping. The liabilty of one is the
182549, Jan 20, 2009) liability of the others. So let say mr. A he rapes the
victime while the 4 helps him do it. Pag si b napud
Rape and RA 7610
ang uban napud gunit. So each is facing a case of
Charging the accused with two different offenses each count of sexual intercourse. So kang A one
for the same act committed on the same date count, kang B another count so 5 counts in all. So
against the said victim is erroneous as it is illegal, the theory is if you pardon A kay sya imung gi pa
except where law itself allows. Section 5 (b) RA kaslan kay sya ang pinka HOT sa tanan ang katu
7610, however, does not allow. The said law in fact upat A is still facing 4 other counts for the rape of
provides that if the child is below 12 years old, the b,c,d and e.
accused must be prosecuted under ART 335 of the
RPC. Conversely, if the child is above 12 years old Husband can now commit rape
but below 18 years old, then the accused must be Marriage must be legal.
prosecuted under RA 7610 for the so called child
abuse. (PP vs OPTANA, GR No. 133922, 2001 Feb Forgiveness by the wife extinguishes criminal
12) action or penalty imposed. (2nd Par. ART 266-C)
RA 7610 limits itself with sexual intercourse Question: kay naa namay sexual assault, what it is
with a child above 12 below 18 section 5 b of the wife who sexually assaults her husband iyang
the SPL. insertan ang anal orifice sa iya bana? Can that be a
Below 12 RPC subject to pardon? by analogy a husband can
How about exactly 12? Hmmm above 12 forgive the wife. (Ang kuyaw nimu kung diha nimu
wakay labot, kung below 12 wala pud kay ma discover na mu enjoy diay imu husband)
labot ambot asa ka I butang. Seriously, 7610 ART 266-D Presumptions
sec. 5 b kay this is the more serious offense.
Evidence that may be accepted in prosecution of rape:
ART 266-C Pardon
1. Any physical overt act manifesting resistance.
2. Situations that render the victim in capable of giving
consent.
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