IMPACT 3.

0 Monday, 16 January 2017

Chassis ID Path
/Description, Design and function/FH12, VERSION2, BSYS-EBS, EBS-STD, EBS, DOWNLOADER: Part
No VO 20533650/Electronically controlled brake system (EBS)

Model Identity
FH12 129741683

Publish date Operation No.

Friday, 29
October 2010

Electronically controlled brake system (EBS)

EBS-STD, EBS-MED, EBS-HIG

The EBS function is available in three different packages:

EBS-STD, standard package.

EBS-MED, medium package.
EBS-HIG, package with all functions.

The table below shows which functions are available in the different EBS packages:

Function Vehicle Axel EBS-STD EBS-MED EBS-HIG

variant configuration
FM/FH

ABS All All X X X

Automatic brake adaption All including All X X X

TRBRAKE1

Wear equalisation All All X X X

Brake blending Auxiliary All X X X

brake

Throttle release torque control All All X X

Differential lock function All All X X X

Automatic differential lock (DLC) All 4x2, 6x2, X X

8x2, 6x4, 8x4

Hill start assist All All X X

Brake temperature warning All All X X X

ESP Articulated 4x2, 6x2, 6x4 X

trailer

External brake regulation All All X X X

Used by later version of Adaptive
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Cruise Control system to order service

brake for speed adaption and by I-shift
to improve up-hill start and gear shift
comfort.

Trailer brake All including All X X X

TRBRAKE1

Wheel spin function (TCS) All All X X X

Emergency brake assist All All X X

Wheel brake monitoring All All X X

EBS status monitoring All All X X X

EBS-STD, EBS-MED, EBS-HIG

Component location
Thin lines are electrical lines, thick lines are air lines.

1. Wheel speed sensor

2. EBS control unit
3. Solenoid valve, ABS
4. Modulators, 1 and 2 channel
5. Brake cylinders
6. Foot brake valve
7. Control modulator for trailers
8. Brake connections for trailers
9. Wear sensors

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6x4 for heavy duty applications:

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IMPACT 3.0 Monday, 16 January 2017

Functions, EBS-STD, EBS-MED, EBS-HIG

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ABS
ABS contains no new functions. See Service information group 59 and 593 for information.

Braking using retardation control and slip control

Retardation control
When the brake pedal is depressed, the EBS control unit sends a request for retardation to the modulators. A specific
depression of the pedal gives a specific reduction in speed (retardation). The pressure in the brake cylinders can also
vary dependant on, for example, load weights and road slope but generates the same retardation and the same pedal
feel.

Configuration 1: Retardation without load-sensing sensor

The EBS system learns whether the vehicle is laden or unladen without using load sensing sensors. Using the wheel
speed sensors, the EBS control unit receives information on speed on the different axles. The control unit compares
how much the vehicle accelerates at a specific throttle opening and how great the retardation is at a specific brake
pressure. After two to three gear shifts and applications of the brakes, the system has learnt what load the vehicle is
carrying and adjusts the brake pressure to meet this requirement. The first application of the brakes can therefore feel
a little different immediately after loading or unloading.

This braking strategy is used in vehicles with two wheel axles and vehicles with leaf spring suspension.

Configuration 2: Retardation with load-sensing sensor

The EBS control unit gets its information about the vehicle's weight from the suspension system. This braking strategy
is used in vehicles with air suspension and three or four axles.

Braking force distribution

EBS distributes the braking force between the axles on the tractor unit and between the tractor unit and the trailer so
that adequate braking is achieved.

Brake adaption between the vehicle's front and rear axles

During light braking, the front and rear axles receive around the same braking force so that lining wear is even. Most
braking is in this area (2 bars).

During more powerful braking (high retardation), the system works using so called slip control. The braking force is
distributed so that the front and rear axle wheels achieve the same speed. If the wheel speed sensors detect that the
rear wheels rotate more slowly than the front wheels, the braking force automatically increases on the front wheels and
reduces on the rear until the wheels achieve the same speed.

More about brake adaption

The relationship between braking force front and rear is called Phi:

Phi=braking force front / braking force rear

Phi is high if the front braking force is greater than the rear braking force. For example, a short truck with a high centre
of gravity must have a high braking force on the front axle.

Phi1 is where the braking force front and rear are approximately equal. For example, a long bus with a low centre of
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gravity brakes approximately equally hard on all axles.

A: Wheelbase
B: Centre of gravity
C: Phi

Wear distribution per axle

Lining wear sensors are located on all wheel brakes and provide the control unit with information on brake lining
thickness each time the key is turned to the drive position. Using this information, the brake pressure is adjusted
between the front and rear axles so that brake lining wear is as even as possible. The vehicle's total braking force
remains however the same.

Sometimes the lining on one axle wears much more slowly than on the other axles, for example on a raisable trailing
axle. In this case, it is impractical to attempt to obtain equal wear on all linings. Wear equalisation is therefore adjusted
so that the raisable axle's linings wears at the same rate as two sets of linings on the drive axle. The raisable axle's
linings therefore only need to be replaced half as often as on the drive axle, and the brake linings can be replaced at
the same time on the both axles.

The display symbol comes on when there is less than 20% of the brake lining remaining

Brake adaptation tractor-trailer

Automatic brake adaption optimises the brake pressure between the tractor unit and the trailer, which results in more
even brake lining wear and better stability between the tractor unit and trailer. Brake pressure to the trailer can be
adjusted between +1.5 to -0.5 bars higher or lower than the tractor unit's brake pressure.

When the trailer is equipped with EBS, the entire train works using slip control. The braking force is distributed so that
the speeds of wheels on the tractor unit and the trailer are equal.

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P: Brake pressure to the trailer

Z: Requested retardation

Roll protection
During rapid braking of a tractor unit without an articulated trailer, particularly in downhill sections, there is a risk that
the rear section lifts and the vehicle overturns forwards. The front brake pressure is reduced if the back wheels are
about to lock.

Brake blending
The brake Blending function (BBL) is based on the auxiliary brakes being primarily used, to reduce wear of the service
brakes.
When braking using Brake Blending, the service brakes (1) will be applied first and then the auxiliary brakes (2) will be
activated. The reason for this is that the auxiliary brakes take longer to apply than the service brakes. The service
brakes therefore assist and ensure that the vehicle's total braking force (3) is constant. See the diagram below.

BBL functions with all types of auxiliary brakes activated by a lever. The function is active when the lever is set in the
automatic position (A position).

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On unladen vehicles, the Brake Blending function is not fully applied to avoid the driving wheels locking.

Every tenth braking the auxiliary brakes are NOT engage in order to have a "brake cleaning function" and might have
brake problems also if the brakes are used too little.

For more information on Brake Blending, see Service information group 593 Supplement to EBS, design and function.

A: Braking power
t: time

1. Service brakes
2. Auxiliary brakes
3. The total braking force of the service brakes and auxiliary brakes.

Brake temperature warning

The brake lining temperature is estimated without it being measured directly. The driver is warned in two ways of hot
brakes, by a warning light coming on and by the pedal characteristics changing. The driver feels a deterioration of
braking effect so that he is forced to press harder on the brake pedal.

A yellow warning light comes on and the display symbol above appears.

1: Normal braking characteristics

2: Poorer braking characteristics
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A: Braking power
P: Depression of the brake pedal

Trailer brake function (TB)

This function makes it possible to carry out a safety check when changing trailers. When the function is engaged, the
EBS system supplies a constant pressure to the trailer of 4 bars.

The function is engaged when the button is held depressed and the vehicle's speed <4 Km/h and is disengaged when
the speed>7 Km/h or the button is released.

Anti-spin function (TCS)

TCS (Traction Control System) is always active and activates for the smallest spin on the driving wheels so that
stability is maintained. If the driving wheels spin, the EBS system detects this by comparing the speed of the driving
wheels with the speed of the non-driven wheels. The EBS also detects whether one of the wheels on any drive axle
starts to spin.

The driver can disengage the anti-spin function if he wishes, but it automatically is engaged if the speed exceeds 12
Km/h.

Engine control TCS

If the driving wheels spin, the engine's torque is reduced until the driving wheels speed is a little higher than the
non-driven wheels.

By accelerating hard, the driver can still get the driving wheels to spin/generates greater driving wheel slip.

Brake control TCS

Sometimes only one wheel on an axle spins, for example when driving with one side on an icy hard shoulder. If the
speed is under 40 Km/h, the spinning wheel will be braked. The spinning the wheel is braked as much as the torque on
the other driving wheel is maintained. The speeds of the two the wheels are synchronised. The TCS in this way
functions as an automatic differential brake.

Off-road TCS
By pressing the button for off-road TCS, the driver can program more spin. This may be necessary in difficult terrain
conditions or when the road is covered with sand, clay or snow. Off-road TCS reduces the vehicle's stability, and this
position should only be used temporarily.
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Throttle release torque control

Throttle release torque control can prevent the driving wheels locking on slippery roads when the accelerator is
released. If the wheels begin to lock, the auxiliary brake will be shut off and the driving wheels obtain a rotational speed
which is equivalent to the vehicle's speed. The wheels will then regain grip with the road. The function automatically
re-engages, if the vehicle's speed >10 Km/h. When the vehicle is disengaged or ABS is active on the front axle, the
function automatically is disengaged.

EBS status monitoring

The status recorder is a diagnostic feature.
The purpose is to be able to save information about how/if certain EBS functions has been active.
This to be able to give the service engineer an understanding of how the EBS functions have been working in the
vehicle, if a deeper analysis of the EBS system needs to be done.

Example of EBS functions that can be recorded/monitored (see list below):

Status recorder

EBS counts the events of the following safety function activation and record the number, the date and the time of last
occurrence in a non-volatile memory:

ABS
ESP: Roll Over Prevention
ESP: Yaw control
Traction control
Brake assistant
Fading warning

The counters of these safety functions are resetted (set to 0) when the ECU is delivered by Knorr-Bremse and it is
increased by 1 with each function activation. If the counter reaches its maximal value (65535) it will be frozen, it will not
be resetted. The time stamp will be updated with each occurrence even if the counter reaches its limit. The value of the
counters and the time stamp can be read out via SAE J1587 diagnostic interface.

Functions, EBS-MED, EBS-HIG

Differential lock
The differential lock function synchronises the driving wheels speeds before the differential lock is engaged. See
Service information group 56 for more information.

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Automatic differential lock

Automatic differential lock (DLC, Diff Lock Control) is activated automatically when the driving wheels begin to rotate
with different speeds. Before the function is engaged, the wheel speeds are synchronised. Automatic differential lock
functions only at speeds <15 Km/h and automatically disengages if the speed exceeds 15 Km/h.

Switch
position

0 No differential lock

1 Automatic differential lock is activated.

The differential lock is automatically
activated when the driving wheels
rotate at different speeds and when
the speed is <15 Km/h.

2 The differential lock is manually

engaged by the driver. The speed has
no significance.

Hill start assist

Hill start assist helps the driver to start in uphill sections. By activating the function, the brakes are not immediately
released and the driver has extra time to accelerate. The function is deactivated when the switch is pressed in a
second time.

Hill start assist functions in different ways dependent on the gearbox:

Manual gearbox: The brake pressure is maintained until the clutch pedal is released or until a specific engine torque is
achieved.

Automatic gearbox: The brake pressure is maintained constant for a specific time period after the brake pedal is
released or until a specific engine torque is achieved.

Emergency brake assist

If the brake pedal is rapidly depressed, the system assumes this is emergency braking. The requested brake pressure
is automatically increased to achieve increased retardation.
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Wheel brake monitoring

The function provides the driver with a warning if any of the wheels brake less efficiently than the other wheels, for
example if any of the brake linings are oily. The EBS system continuously monitors how the brakes function on each
wheel and can therefore determine whether braking on any of the wheels begins to deteriorate.

Functions, EBS-HIG

Electronic stability system

ESP is integrated into the EBS system. For more information on ESP, see service information Group 593: Electronic
stability system (ESP) Design and function.

Components
The location of the components can be found under Component location.
There is a complete brake circuit diagram in group 560, Brake circuit diagram EBS Generation 3.

Modulators

Single-channel modulator

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Double-channel modulator

Trailer modulator

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Solenoid valve, ABS

ABS solenoid valve is a solenoid control valve which is found on vehicles with single front axles. It is controlled by a
single channel modulator and is only active when the ABS function is activated.

Foot brake valve

When the foot brake is depressed, a switch is activated which activates a wake-up function.

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