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About DepEd

Overview

History
Historical Perspective of the Philippine Educational System

Education in the Philippines has undergone several stages of development from the pre-
Spanish times to the present. In meeting the needs of the society, education serves as focus of
emphases/priorities of the leadership at certain periods/epochs in our national struggle as a
race.

As early as in pre-Magellanic times, education was informal, unstructured, and devoid of

methods. Children were provided more vocational training and less academics (3 Rs) by their
parents and in the houses of tribal tutors.
 The pre-Spanish system of education underwent major changes during the Spanish
colonization. The tribal tutors were replaced by the Spanish Missionaries. Education was
religion-oriented. It was for the elite, especially in the early years of Spanish colonization. Access
to education by the Filipinos was later liberalized through the enactment of the Educational
Decree of 1863 which provided for the establishment of at least one primary school for boys
and girls in each town under the responsibility of the municipal government; and the
establishment of a normal school for male teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits.
Primary instruction was free and the teaching of Spanish was compulsory. Education during
that period was inadequate, suppressed, and controlled.

The defeat of Spain by American forces paved the way for Aguinaldo's Republic under a
Revolutionary Government. The schools maintained by Spain for more than three centuries
were closed for the time being but were reopened on August 29, 1898 by the Secretary of
Interior. The Burgos Institute in Malolos, the Military Academy of Malolos, and the Literary
University of the Philippines were established. A system of free and compulsory elementary
education was established by the Malolos Constitution.

An adequate secularized and free public school system during the first decade of American rule
was established upon the recommendation of the Schurman Commission. Free primary
instruction that trained the people for the duties of citizenship and avocation was enforced by
the Taft Commission per instructions of President McKinley. Chaplains and non-commissioned
officers were assigned to teach using English as the medium of instruction.

A highly centralized public school system was installed in 1901 by the Philippine Commission by
virtue of Act No. 74. The implementation of this Act created a heavy shortage of teachers so the
Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring to the Philippines
600 teachers from the U.S.A. They were the Thomasites.

Year Official Name of Department Official Titular Legal Bases

Head
1863 Superior Commission of Primary Chairman Educational Decree of 1863
Instruction
1901-1916 Department of Public Instruction General Act. No. 74 of the Philippine Commission, Jan.
Superintendent 21, 1901
1916-1942 Department of Public Instruction Secretary Organic Act Law of 1916 (Jones Law)
1942-1944 Department of Education, Health and Commissioner Renamed by the Japanese Executive Commission,
Public Welfare June 11, 1942
1944 Department of Education, Health and Minister Renamed by Japanese Sponsored Philippine
Public Welfare Republic
1944 Department of Public Instruction Secretary Renamed by Japanese Sponsored Philippine
Year Official Name of Department Official Titular Legal Bases
Head
Republic
1945-1946 Department of Public Instruction and Secretary Renamed by the Commonwealth Government
Information
1946-1947 Department of Instruction Secretary Renamed by the Commonwealth Government
1947-1975 Department of Education Secretary E.O. No. 94 October 1947 (Reorganization Act of
1947)
1975-1978 Department of Education and Culture Secretary Proc. No. 1081, September 24, 1972
1978-1984 Ministry of Education and Culture Minister P.D. No. 1397, June 2, 1978
1984-1986 Ministry of Education, Culture and Minister Education Act of 1982
Sports
1987-1994 Department of Education, Culture Secretary E.O. No. 117. January 30, 1987
and Sports
1994-2001 Department of Education, Culture Secretary RA 7722 and RA 7796, 1994 Trifocalization of
and Sports Education Management
2001 - Department of Education Secretary RA 9155, August 2001 (Governance of Basic
present Education Act)

The high school system supported by provincial governments, special educational institutions,
school of arts and trades, an agricultural school, and commerce and marine institutes were
established in 1902 by the Philippine Commission. In 1908, the Philippine Legislature approved
Act No. 1870 which created the University of the Philippines.

The Reorganization Act of 1916 provided the Filipinization of all department secretaries except
the Secretary of Public Instruction.

Japanese educational policies were embodied in Military Order No. 2 in 1942. The Philippine
Executive Commission established the Commission of Education, Health and Public Welfare and
schools were reopened in June 1942. On October 14, 1943, the Japanese - sponsored Republic
created the Ministry of Education. Under the Japanese regime, the teaching of Tagalog,
Philippine History, and Character Education was reserved for Filipinos. Love for work and
dignity of labor was emphasized. On February 27, 1945, the Department of Instruction was
made part of the Department of Public Instruction.

In 1947, by virtue of Executive Order No. 94, the Department of Instruction was changed to
Department of Education. During this period, the regulation and supervision of public and
private schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools.
In 1972, it became the Department of Education and Culture by virtue of Proclamation 1081
and the Ministry of Education and Culture in 1978 y virtue of P.D. No. 1397. Thirteen regional
offices were created and major organizational changes were implemented in the educational
system.

The Education Act of 1982 created the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports which later
became the Department of Education, Culture and Sports in 1987 by virtue of Executive Order
No. 117. The structure of DECS as embodied in EO No. 117 has practically remained unchanged
until 1994 when the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and 1995 when the Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) were established to supervise tertiary
degree programs and non-degree technical-vocational programs, respectively.

The Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) report provided the impetus for
Congress to pass RA 7722 and RA 7796 in 1994 creating the Commission on Higher Education
(CHED) and the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), respectively.

The trifocal education system refocused DECS mandate to basic education which covers
elementary, secondary and nonformal education, including culture and sports. TESDA now
administers the post-secondary, middle-level manpower training and development while CHED
is responsible for higher education.

In August 2001, Republic Act 9155, otherwise called the Governance of Basic Education Act, was
passed transforming the name of the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) to
the Department of Education (DepEd) and redefining the role of field offices (regional offices,
division offices, district offices and schools). RA 9155 provides the overall framework for (i)
school head empowerment by strengthening their leadership roles and (ii) school-based
management within the context of transparency and local accountability. The goal of basic
education is to provide the school age population and young adults with skills, knowledge, and
values to become caring, self-reliant, productive and patriotic citizens.

DepEd Management Structure

To carry out its mandates and objectives, the Department is organized into two major structural
components. The Central Office maintains the overall administration of basic education at the
national level. The Field Offices are responsible for the regional and local coordination and
administration of the Departments mandate. RA 9155 provides that the Department should
have no more than four (4) Undersecretaries and four (4) Assistant Secretaries with at least one
Undersecretary and one Assistant Secretary who are career service officers chosen among the
staff of the Department.

In 2015, the Department underwent a restructuring of its office functions and staffing. The
result of which was the Rationalization Plan for the new organizational structure. Details of the
new structure are further explained in DepEd Order No. 52, s. 2015, also known as the New
 Organizational Structures of the Central, Regional, and Schools Division Offices of the Department of
Education.

At present, the Department operates with four (4) Undersecretaries in the following areas:

Curriculum and Instruction

Finance and Administration

Governance and Operations

Legal and Legislative Affairs

Four (4) Assistant Secretaries are assigned in the following areas:

Curriculum and Instruction

Finance and Administration

Governance and Operations

Legal and Legislative Affairs

Supporting the Office of the Secretary (OSEC) at the Central Office are the different strands,
services, bureaus, and divisions.

There are five (5) strands under OSEC:

Curriculum and Instruction

Finance and Administration

Governance and Operations

Legal and Legislative Affairs

Strategic Management

Five (5) attached agencies:

Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) Council

National Book Development Board (NBDB)

 National Council for Children's Television (NCCT)

National Museum

Philippine High School for the Arts

Three (3) coordinating councils:

Adopt-a-School Program (ASP) Coordinating Council

Literacy Coordinating Council (LCC)

Teacher Education Council (TEC)

At the sub-national level, the Field Offices consist of the following:

Seventeen (17) Regional Offices, and the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
(ARMM*), each headed by a Regional Director (a Regional Secretary in the case of ARMM).

Two hundred twenty-one (221) Provincial and City Schools Divisions, each headed by a
Schools Division Superintendent. Assisting the Schools Division Offices are 2,602 School
Districts, each headed by a District Supervisor.

Under the supervision of the Schools Division Offices are 62,605 schools, broken down as
follows:

49,209 elementary schools (38,648 public and 10,561 private)

13,396 secondary schools (7,976 public and 5,420 private)

*ARMM is included in the budget of the Department on the following:

Creation of teaching and non-teaching positions;
Funding for newly-legislated high schools;
Regular School Building Program; and
Certain foreign-assisted and locally-funded programs and projects.

CONTACT INFORMATION
DepEd Complex, Meralco Ave.,
Pasig City, Metro Manila
(02) 636 1663 | 633 1942
(+63) 919 456 0027
action@deped.gov.ph
http://www.deped.gov.ph/history

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TEACHING & EDUCATION

A History Of The System Of Education In The Philippines Its Implication For The Present Generation

TEACHING & EDUCATION

A History of the System of Education in the Phili

Its Implication for the Present Generation
In ancient Philippines, children were given the rudiments of education. Such education was both acad
The father trained his sons to be warriors, hunters, fishermen, miners, lumbermen and ship builders. T
part trained her daughters in cooking, gardening, serving and other household arts.

It is said that in ancient Panay, there was a barangay school called Bothoan under the charge of the te
old man. The subjects taught to the children in this barangay school were reading, writing, arithmetic,
and lubus (acquiring kinaadman or amulets).

Hence, education during that time was geared toward their needs. Because of colonization by several
and several historical events, our education underwent several changes although we also retained so
teachings which are practical even during our time.

With the countrys celebration of independence in 1946, scarcely seven decades ago, have come eve
educational system in line with the new status of a new nation seeking to achieve and maintain politic
independence and to fashion a nation truly united out of social and cultural diversities.

Introduction of the Western or European System of Education

With the coming of Spain, the European system of education was introduced to the archipelago. Prima
colleges and universities were established in our country by the missionaries.

The principal aim of Spain in the Philippines during their regime was to make the native Filipinos obed
fearing Christians. For this reason, religion was a compulsory subject at all levels from the primary s
universities.

The first schools were the parochial schools opened by the missionaries in their parishes. In addition t
native children in these schools were taught reading, writing, arithmetic and some vocational and pra
subjects.

Later on, colleges for boys and girls were opened by the missionaries. These colleges were the equiva
schools today. The subjects taught to the students included history, Latin, geography, mathematics an

[blockquote type=center]What the Philippines needs is a realistic educational system adaptable to

[/blockquote]

There was no co-education during the Spanish times. Boys and girls studied in separate schools.

University education was started in the Philippines during the early part of the 17th century. Originally
universities were open only to the Spaniards and those with Spanish blood (mestizos). It was only dur
century that these universities began accepting native Filipinos.

It is interesting to note that for nearly 300 years, education in the Philippines was the primary respons
Catholic Church. The missionaries established the schools, provided the teachers and facilities and de
be taught. It was only in the last half of the 19th century that the government took an active part in p
education in the colony. In 1863, a royal decree called for the establishment of a public school system

Education under the Americans

The United States had a different approach dictated by what the Americans considered to be their prin
coming to the Philippines to educate and to train in the science of self-government.

Consequently, it was not surprising that the United States considered educating the Filipinos as one o
in the Philippines. Even while US troops were consolidating their foothold in Manila in 1898, schools w
opened in the city. But unlike the Spaniards who neglected to propagate their language, the American
to teach English to the Filipinos. The American soldiers were the first teachers of the Filipinos.

In January 1901, free primary education was provided and a school for Filipino teachers was establishe
recruitment of trained teachers in America. It abolished compulsory religious instruction.

The Americans gave bright young Filipino students opportunity to take up higher education in America
universities. These Filipinos came to be known as pensionados for their education in the United St
by the government in the Philippines. Hundreds of Filipino pensionados were able to study in the US u
ranks of these pensionados came the future civic, business and political leaders of our country.

Hungry for education, the Filipinos flocked to public and private schools in large numbers.

Education under the Commonwealth

Education continued to receive from the Commonwealth government the same attention that the Ame
President Quezon created the National Council of Education in 1936 as an advisory body on education
council made important recommendations to further improve the educational system in the Philippine
recommendations were accepted and carried out by the government.

Under the Commonwealth, vocational and adult education were given emphasis.

It was also during the Commonwealth regime that an organized effort to develop a common national l
stared in compliance with the mandate of the 1935 constitution.

To help counteract the American cultural influence among the Filipinos, President Quezon greatly enco
of native culture as well as desirable Filipino values.

And to help strengthen the moral fibers of the Filipinos and to foster love of country especially among
President Quezon issued his famous Code of Ethics which was required to be taught in all schools.

In 1940, several changes were made in the Philippine educational system by virtue of the Educational
Under this law, the elementary course was reduced from 7 years to 6 years. The minimum age for adm
was raised to 7. The school calendar was also changed so instead of the school year from June to Mar
to July to April.

Education under the Japanese

Schools and churches were also used as propaganda tools of the Japanese. Nippon-go, the Japanese la
made a compulsory subject in all schools. In government and private offices, classes in Nippon-go wer
propagate the Japanese language and culture. Japanese Catholic priests were sent to the Philippines t
the idea that Japan, being an Asian country, was a friend of all Asian peoples including the Filipinos.

The Iloilo Experiment

In 1948. Dr. Jose V. Aguilar, the Superintendent of the Iloilo school division initiated a six year exper
vernacular instruction in his school division. The experiment involved seven control schools where Eng
the medium of instruction in Grades 1 and 2 and seven experimental schools where the vernacular, H
used as the instructional medium. This was controversial. As late as 1963, the Dean of the College of
University on the island of Mindanao, observed that the vernacular instruction was not producing max
was curtailing full instructional benefit. Instead of narrowing the regional gaps of the country, it was w
producing dangerous trends towards regional and cultural imbalance.

Educational Thrust of the New Society and Today

It was assumed that the most fundamental objective of education is the development of an individual
will simultaneously improve society. Educational policies have been geared to the accomplishment of
production through the understanding by the students of land reform, taxation, economic production,
pollution and conservation education. To accomplish these goals, the value and work oriented curricul
encouraged. However, many parents and teachers were still confused because they did not understan
operations, and evaluations of this innovation in education. The concept of an average layman or teac
society was always associated with the advent of Martial Law. This must be redirected to a functiona
wholesome integration of our economic, social and moral lives for a progressive Philippines. The direc
as envisioned by our educators can be best described by the following changes:

1. A relevant and flexible curriculum. Educational content is focused on the need of society w
economy. This means better knowledge in skills and food production, conservation of natural res
knowledge in harnessing mineral deposits and less emphasis on white collar jobs which result on
the educated unemployed.
2. Productive-coordinated technocrats. The inevitable reorganization of the Department of E
was a response to these needs. For centuries, our educational system generally operated on a s
where the Bureau of Public, Private and Vocational Education worked almost independently and
and privacy instead of attaining harmony for the good of our country.
3. A quality teacher with effective methods of teaching. To teach effectively, the teacher m
foundations in terms of educational training from reputable institutions, update his method of te
and attending conferences, and should have the courage of trying out various means or ways of
learner. To do this, it becomes necessary to understand the psychology of pupils and to be able
with them in teaching-learning situations. The increase in teachers pay should be a strong justifi
better policy on the recruitment and retention of teachers.

Every time changes in our educational system occur to search for the solution for our educational ills,
groups interfere and say it is unrealistic and expensive, which is not a valid reason. Courage an
should be sustained to invigorate the lives of the citizenry.

After four centuries and a half of being a colony of Spain, America and Japan, the concern of the Filipin
policy makers is the Filipinization of the Filipinos and Filipino institutions. Alejandro Roces, while holdin
Secretary of Education, voiced this concern thus:

History of Philippine Educational System (Presentation):

 PREV ARTICLE

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5 Comments

1.

kenneth lee

sana mabasa nyo po ito ako po kabilang ng aking mga kagrupo ay nag papalabas ng isang makasa
larangan ng entablado ito po ay stage play ang pamagat ay KAGITINGAN Bataan Has Fallen nilal
matulungan ang ating mga guro na ipaalam sa libo-libong estudyante dito sa pilipinas na kung ano an
 history ng pilipinas at kung sino sino ang mga naging bayani ng noong ikalawang digmaan .. ang gr
ALTITUDE THEATER ARTS PRODUCTION !!! KUNG MAY KATANUNGAN PA PO KAU KINDLY pm ME ON FAC
LEE or sa email namin na altitude_graphics@yahoo.com

2.

chalow

thanks for the

info

3.

Acezek

hi! I just wanna ask what is the first curriculum in the Philippines?

4.

marievic

Id like to comment on the topic the Iloilo experiment. In light with MTB-MLE this was the first recorded
use of the first language as LOI. It was not really fiasco on the educational system as presented in this

5.

Annie Grace

Great article! Thanks for sharing.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Working in Coali



Coalitions are invaluable in advocacy because they create structures for organizations and individuals
ownership of common goals. Advocacy work can be strengthened considerably through the use of coa
there are both advantages and disadvantages to forming or joining a coalition.

Decisions on joining a coalition should only be taken after careful consideration following research and
Decide whether working with the coalition is the best way to solve your problem, and whether your v
approaches can be shared.

Working with coalitions may have the following advantages:

Advantages:

1. Enlarges your base of support, networks and connections; gives strength in numbers: you can achieve m
you can alone.

2. Provides safety for advocacy efforts and protection for members who may not be able to take action alo
when operating in a hostile or difficult environment.

3. Magnifies existing financial and human resources by pooling them together and by delegating work to
coalition.

4. Reduces duplication of effort and resources.

5. Enhances the credibility and influence of an advocacy campaign, as well as that of individual coalition

6. Helps develop new leadership skills amongst members.

7. Assists in individual and organizational networking.

8. Facilitates exchange of information, skills, experience, materials, opportunities for collaboration etc.

9. Brings together a diverse range of people and organizations. Diversity can strengthen a campaign by br
perspective and understanding of the issue. It can also assist outreach by appealing to a wider population b
priorities and interests.

10. Provides peer support, encouragement, motivation and professional recognition.

Some of the disadvantages of forming or joining a coalition are given below:

 Disadvantages:

1. Can lack clear objectives, or be difficult to agree common objectives.

2. Forming and managing a coalition can be a very time-consuming and bureaucratic process that can tak
working directly on campaign issues and organizational tasks.

3. May be dominated by one powerful organization. Power is not always distributed equally among memb
richer organizations can have more say in decisions.

4. May require you to compromise your position on issues or tactics.

5. Shared decision-making can be slow and may paralyze progress.

6. Can often be constrained by a lack of resources.

7. Potential for donor interference (e.g. a donor is interested in funding certain activities but there is a dan
activities only because you know you can get the funds).

8. You may not always get credit for your work. Sometimes the coalition as a whole gets recognition rathe
members. Or certain members get or claim more recognition than others, causing conflict and resentment.

9. If the coalition process breaks down it can harm everyone's advocacy by damaging members' credibilit

10. Coalition activities can be difficult to monitor and evaluate.

Health Warning! All these problems can be overcome and are not reasons to not get more involved in co
things to be wary of.

inShare

Module 4
Networking and Alliances
Empowering Advocacy
Joint Advocacy
Working in Coalitions
Forming a Coalition
Managing a Coalition
Supporters and Activists
 Further Resources
Top Tips
Course Glossary
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Homework Help > Social Sciences

List the advantages and disadvantages of

globalization. List answers, not lengthy
paragraphs, please.
Download Answers

Asked on November 5, 2009 at 11:42 PM by nicksnack

like 11 dislike 0
Answer

Increased free trade and communication between nations, along with increased access
to technology, media, education, healthcare, consumer goods, and other resources are
often considered advantages of globalization. Some disadvantages of globalization
include exploitation of developing countries, cultural homogenization, and adverse
effects on local economies and the environment. Globalization is a complex issue, and
while some argue that it reduces global poverty, others argue that it actually increases
wealth inequality worldwide.

31 Answers | Add Yours

readerofbooks | College Teacher | (Level 2) Educator Emeritus

Posted on November 10, 2009 at 8:07 AM

Since people wrote mostly positive things, here are some negative things (playing
devil's advocate).

1. Globalization can ruin the environment. Moving things from one area to another
wastes oil, etc.

2. Globalization can ruin local economies. There is a movement that wants to buy
local - especially organic foods.

3. Globalization can lead to hyper-specialization, which can be good, but also

negative. There is something great about being a generalist. Also what if something
goes wrong. To know things generally give an incredible perspective that specialists
do not have.

4. Globalization can be driven by people with "know how" and power and they can
systematically fleece the world.

like 12 dislike 0

brettd | High School Teacher | (Level 2) Educator Emeritus

Posted on November 9, 2009 at 9:14 AM

Other things to consider:

* Reduces international poverty

* Contributes to the spread of technology

* Adds to the profitability of companies and corporations

* Builds stronger trade ties and dependencies between nations

* Major motivation for moving overseas is to exploit more lax labor laws and low
environmental standards

* Homogenizes the world culture, both positively and negatively

* Destroys entire industries in developed countries (e.g. US automakers, textile

manufacturing)

For more info about the pros and cons of globalization, check out this video:

like 9 dislike 0

avasbruce | Student, Undergraduate | (Level 1) Salutatorian

Posted on May 27, 2011 at 7:26 PM

There are benefits and disadvantages to globalization. Firstly, globalization is good for
certain countries more, such as those in the First World or Global North. Rich
countries like the USA, UK, Germany etc. can sell more products and goods to new
markets in the Global South or poorer countries. Think of McDonald's and Starbucks
and other big American brands. We can find McDonald's everywhere (almost).

Due to globalization, many local brands and businesses in poorer developing countries
go bankrupt and can't survive the economic might of these rich countries. Local
cultures and traditions change. People no longer wear national costumes because they
all want to look like Hollywood stars and wear jeans, for example. People want to
become "American" and consume everything American.
Also because of globalization, more and more people are learning and speaking
English to the detriment of local languages. There are more international schools and
the focus now is on the acquisition of this global language rather than their own L1 or
mother tongue.

like 11 dislike 0

krishna-agrawala | College Teacher | (Level 3) Valedictorian

Posted on November 6, 2009 at 12:53 AM

Advantages of Globalization:

Resources of different countries are used for producing goods and services they
are able to do most efficiently.

Consumers to get much wider variety of products to choose from.

Consumers get the product they want at more competitive prices.

Companies are able to procure input goods and services required at most
competitive prices.

Companies get get access to much wider markets

It promotes understanding and goodwill among different countries.

Businesses and investors get much wider opportunities for investment.

Adverse impact of fluctuations in agricultural productions in one area can be

reduced by pooling of production of different areas.

Disadvantages of Globalization:

Developed countries can stifle development of undeveloped and under-

developed countries.
 Economic depression in one country can trigger adverse reaction across the
globe.

It can increase spread of communicable diseases.

Companies face much greater competition. This can put smaller companies, at a
disadvantage as they do not have resources to compete at global scale.

For more info about the pros and cons of globalization, check out this video:

like 11 dislike 0

dg08 | Student, College Freshman | (Level 1) Honors

Posted on October 30, 2011 at 9:31 PM

Globalization brings the following disadvantages:

1. Increases the gap between the poor and rich income inequality.

2. Cultural convergence more people are moving toward western fashion

3. Environmental harm resources are used up, scarcity, externalities like pollution
and waste products

4. Demand more of skilled workers and causing redundancy of skilled workers

like 10 dislike 0

rksudhir | (Level 1) Salutatorian

Posted on September 7, 2011 at 7:16 PM

Advantages of Globalisation

Globalisation helps in bring the whole world together as one village. Every
consumer has more access to the products of foreign countries.
 Efficient use of natural resources.

Employment generation and income generation

Disadvantages

Globalisation can have negative effects on local industry.

Increases cutthroat competition.

Globalisation expands monopolies by countries equipped with know-how and

power.

like 10 dislike 0

loraaa | Student | (Level 2) Valedictorian

Posted on December 7, 2011 at 10:01 AM

This topic is fantastic ... thank you to all those who participated in it.
I have benefited a lot from your views.

like 10 dislike 1

gowrirajendran | Student, Undergraduate | (Level 1) Honors

Posted on October 31, 2011 at 4:11 AM

Advantages of Global Marketing

Lower Marketing Costs: If you are to consider the lump-some cost, then, yes, it
is high, but the same cost goes even higher if the company has to market a
product differently in every country that it is selling.

Global Scope: Scope of this kind of marketing is so large that it becomes a

unique experience.
 Brand image Consistency: Global marketing allows you to have a consistent
image in every region that you choose to market.

Quick and Efficient Use of Ideas: A global entity is able to use a marketing idea
and mold it into a strategy to implement on a global scale.

Uniformity in Marketing Practices: A global entity can keep some degree of

uniformity in marketing throughout the world.

Disadvantages of Global Marketing

Inconsistency in Consumer Needs: American consumer will be different from

the South African. Global marketing should be able to address that.

Consumer Response Inconsistency: Consumer in one country may react

differently than a consumer in another country.

Country Specific Brand and Product: A Japanese might like a product to have a
traditional touch, whereas an American might like to add a retro modern look to
it. In this case, a global strategy is difficult to devise.

The Laws of the Land Have to be Considered: Original company policies may
be according to the laws of home countries. The overseas laws may be
conflicting in these policies.

Infrastructural Differences: Infrastructure may be hampering the process in one

country and accelerating in another. Global strategy cannot be consistent in
such a scenario.

like 9 dislike 0

jumawchrispinus | Student, Undergraduate | (Level 1) eNoter

Posted on June 20, 2012 at 6:37 AM

DISADVANTAGES OF GLOBALISATION

Exploitation of Underdeveloped Countries:Multinational Corporations

(MNCs), based in developed countries, purchase at lower rates the raw
 materials from backward countries, process them in their own countries and sell
the manufactured goods with big profit in backward countries.

Increase in Unemployment:The MNCs employ machines to reduce the

number of employees: they are capital intensive rather labor. Further, the
governments of developing countries have started withdrawing investment
from industries in the public sector. All this has led to huge unemployment in
those countries.

Widening of Rich-poor Gap:Globalization brings benefits to the rich who are

small in number and keeps the vast majority of people in poverty and misery. It
is a game of winners and losers. Those who are already rich succeed in taking
advantage of privatization while the poor and weak are doomed to suffer.

Harmful Effects of Consumerism:Globalization produces consumerism.

People being attracted by attractive goods and advertisements, want to buy
these goods. They would not hesitate to earn money for this by unfair means.
This has resulted in vast increase in corruption and other social evils.

Adverse Effects on Social Security and Social Welfare:Because of

privatization, governments in many developing countries are withdrawing from
the sector of social welfare, and private companies have entered educations,
health and other such fields related to development.As a result of this, poor
people are facing a lot of difficulties.

Harmful Effects on Small Industries and Small Business:In the free

economy, the big fish has got license to eat the small fish. Small-scale and
cottage industries cannot grow in competition with big ones.

Cultural Homogenization:Globalization would lead to cultural

homogenization. Each nation/society has its own distinct culture, but under
globalization the cultures of developing countries are eroded and they are
required to accept the values and norms of developed countries.

Hostile to Humanism:Globalization would kill humanism. It aims at

accelerating economic growth, and economic growth, according to its
protagonists, can be quickly attained through privatization. Pursuit of growth
hardly respects human values.

Erosion of Democracy:Globalization has led to the weakening, erosion and

even destruction of democracy. Globalization has considerably increased the
 wealth and power of multinational corporations and they have tended to
interfere with and control the economic policy and politics of developing
countries.

Gender-Insensitive:Globalization is gender-insensitive. Women have suffered

a lot under globalization. In the privatized economy, the interests and concerns
of women, particularly of poor women, have been seriously ignored.

Destructive of Environment:Globalization would destroy environment. In the

name of economic development, environment is blindly destroyed.

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vanamchandak | eNotes Newbie

Posted on April 11, 2015 at 5:36 AM

The way you have organised your disadvantages with points and brief explanation of
those point is really good i was happy with your answer and was satisfied. Do well in
life Broda!

like 1 dislike 0

joashy | Student, Undergraduate | (Level 1) Honors

Posted on December 28, 2011 at 6:36 AM

Globalization is the process by which states become interdependent on each

other on all spheres of life. It is a process where countries go global by adapting
universal characteristics involving human race. It is therefore the process of
uniting people of the world into one unit with universal characteristics. This
characteristics include; systems of education, politics, democracy, economy
 among many others. Through globalization economies, civilizations and
societies become integrated into a globalised arrangement of political ideas.

In a global world there is free flow or movement of improved technology.

Technologies can be new discoveries, inventions and innovations. Technology
built or discovered in one continent is shared for use or exploitation in other
countries. Therefore with the advancement of technology developing countries
have developed technological know-how and this has lead to improvements in
the industries. Most industries in the developing countries are now able to work
effectively, improving efficacy and makes works easier. This saves a lot of time
wasted by ineffective machines leading to increased profits and earnings.

With globalization there has been establishment of multinational or

transnational corporations. This shows there is an increased investment in all
nations across the world.

This multinationals also are responsible for employing a large number of

individuals from the investor states therefore reducing high levels of
unemployment in this developing countries.

Globalization leads to high investment levels and therefore increased wealth.

Wealth is generated through economic gains of globalization.

The gains have increased access healthcare and water. This consequently has a
direct effect to life expectancy levels. Research conducted reveals that more
than eighty-five per cent of the population is expected to live for almost sixty-
eight years and above. This therefore demonstrates that globalization has a
direct effect on access to healthcare and stressing the need to access healthcare
services.

like 9 dislike 1

brittbritt4458 | Student, Grade 11 | (Level 1) Honors

Posted on November 10, 2011 at 1:32 AM

Some Advantages Some Disadvantages

 Increased free trade between nations

Increased liquidity of capital allowing investors in developed nations to invest

in developing nations

Corporations have greater flexibility to operate across borders

Global mass media ties the world together

Increased flow of communications allows vital information to be shared

between individuals and corporations around the world

Greater ease and speed of transportation for goods and people

Reduction of cultural barriers increases the global village effect

Spread of democratic ideals to developed nations

Greater interdependence of nation-states

Reduction of likelihood of war between developed nations

Increases in environmental protection in developed nations

Increased flow of skilled and non-skilled jobs from developed to developing

nations as corporations seek out the cheapest labor

Increased likelihood of economic disruptions in one nation effecting all nations

Corporate influence of nation-states far exceeds that of civil society

organizations and average individuals

Threat that control of world media by a handful of corporations will limit

cultural expression

Greater chance of reactions for globalization being violent in an attempt to

preserve cultural heritage

Greater risk of diseases being transported unintentionally between nations

 Spread of a materialistic lifestyle and attitude that sees consumption as the path
to prosperity

International bodies like the World Trade Organization infringe on national and
individual sovereignty

Increase in the chances of civil war within developing countries and open war
between developing countries as they vie for resources

Decreases in environmental integrity as polluting corporations take advantage

of weak regulatory rules in developing countries

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1 reply Hide Replies

vanamchandak | eNotes Newbie

Posted on April 11, 2015 at 5:34 AM

The way you have arranged it is not appropriate you could have put the advantages
and disadvantages as heading to make it easy for people to know.

like 1 dislike 1

suniltewatia | Student, College Freshman | (Level 1) eNoter

Posted on May 1, 2012 at 9:06 AM

ADVANTAGES

1. Increased free trade between nations

2. Increased liquidity of capital allowing investors in developed nations to invest

in developing nations

3. Corporations have greater flexibility to operate across borders

 4. Global mass media ties the world together

5. Increased flow of communications allows vital information to be shared

between individuals and corporations around the world

6. Greater ease and speed of transportation for goods and people

7. Reduction of cultural barriers increases the global village effect

8. Spread of democratic ideals to developed nations

9. Reduction of likelihood of war between developed nations

10.Increases in environmental protection in developed nations

Disadvantages

1. Increased flow of skilled and non-skilled jobs from developed to developing

nations as corporations seek out the cheapest labor

2. Increased likelihood of economic disruptions in one nation effecting all nations

3. Corporate influence of nation-states far exceeds that of civil society

organizations and average individuals

4. Threat that control of world media by a handful of corporations will limit

cultural expression

5. Greater chance of reactions for globalization being violent in an attempt to

preserve cultural heritage

6. Greater risk of diseases being transported unintentionally between nations

7. Spread of a materialistic lifestyle and attitude that sees consumption as the path
to prosperity

8. International bodies like the World Trade Organization infringe on national and
individual sovereignty
 9. Increase in the chances of civil war within developing countries and open war
between developing countries as they vie for resources

like 7 dislike 0

livingwater | Student, Undergraduate | (Level 1) eNoter

Posted on September 24, 2011 at 1:52 PM

Advantages:

More opportunities for cultural diversity

Shared resources

Potential growth for emerging economies

Shared military resources

Disadvantages:

Potential for economic collapse

Potential for loss of jobs

Greater potential for unchecked pollution

Opportunities for global corruption

like 8 dislike 1

cheezea | Student, Grade 10 | (Level 1) Valedictorian

Posted on September 9, 2011 at 11:10 PM

I think it would be cool to achieve globalisation because everyone would be able to

communicate with each other, although there are many different races and cultures,
since there would be a unified language. On the other hand, the world would be
chaotic with everyone competing for a well-paying job that will not require them to
travel overseas and away from home.

like 9 dislike 2

wescarlyon337 | Student, Grade 10 | (Level 1) Salutatorian

Posted on January 19, 2013 at 3:48 PM

This is what i have found at the momnet

Advantages:

It increases free trade between nations

Greater interdependence of nations-states occurs

Increases in environmental protection in developed nations

Better education is provided

Life expectancy is longer growing worldwide

It also increases standard living

Disadvantages:

people from other countries come to ours for a small amount of money which is
good for them but for us it eliminates jobs since we cost more money than
people from other countries

It also causes greater risk of diseases being transferred across countries

Greater chances of reactions for globalization being violent in attempt t

preserve cultural heritage

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