A Detailed Lesson Plan

In Mathematics 10
October 12, 2015

Ruby Rose Ann B. Panganod Ms.

Catalina B. Gayas
Student Teacher

I. Objectives
Given several activities, the students should be able to do the following
with at least 80% proficiency:
a. To define the permutation of n objects;
b. To identify the rules of permutation;
c. To use the formula for finding the permutation of n objects taken r
at a time;
d. To use the formula of circular permutation;
e. To solve problems using the different rules of permutation.

II. Content and Materials

a. Topic: Permutation
b. References: Pelingon, J., Petilos, G., Gayas, C., Fundamentals of
Mathematics,
pp. 115- 120.
Davison, et. al, Pre- Algebra Course 3, pp. 324-348.
c. Materials: cartolina used as cards, cartolina for visual aids, box
with numbers,

III. Procedure (Deductive Method)

Teachers Activity Students Activity

A. Review

Now, I have here a box, and each

one of you will pick a paper. Each
paper has a number on it.

Does everything have their Yes Maam.

number?

Very good. Now, I have here another

box and I will pick a number, and
whoever has the same number that
I had picked will answer the
following questions.

So for question number 1;

A woman has 8 skirts and 8
blouses. In how many different
attires may she appear?

So, Ive picked number 26. Who The woman has 64 attires to wear.
picked number 26? Yes Anna? The rule that I use is Multiplication
Very good Anna. What rule did you rule.
use?

Thats right Anna.

For question no.2,

A house has three doors, in
how many ways can a person
enter and leave by another?

So Ive picked number 16. Who There are 9 ways to enter and leave
picked number 16? Yes Vince? the house.

Very good Vince. For question

no.3,
Three coins are tossed at
the same time. In how many
ways can they can up? Three coins can come up in 8 possible
ways.
So Ive picked number 34. Who has
number 34? Yes Shiela?

Very good Shiela. Lets move on to

question no. 4,
A student plans to buy one of
the following: a novel, a ballpen,
and a notebook. If there are 15
choices for the novel, 20 choices
for the ballpen and 15 choices for
The student has 50 choices.
the notebook, how many choices
does the student have?

So Ive picked no. 3. Who got

number 3? Yes Ann? Addition rule states that the number of
 Very Good Ann. ways of selecting k mutually disjoint
sets is simply by adding the number of
Again, what is addition rule? Yes elements of each set.
Geraldine?

Multiplication rule states that if there

are m ways of performing the first step
and n ways in performing the second
step, then there are m.n ways of
Very well said Geraldine. How performing the steps in the given
about Multiplication rule? Yes order.
Marvin?

Thats right Marvin!

Its good that you still remember

our lesson about Counting
techniques.

B. Motivation

Now, you will form a group with Yes maam.

five members. So this row will be
group 1, this row will be group 2,
group 3, group 4, group 5, group 6,
group 7 and group 8. Form a circle
now. Faster.
Yes maam.
Are you in your groups now?

Very good. Now, I will give you 4

Yes maam.
cards with the letters M, A, T and H
written on each card.

Do you have your cards now?

Now I want you to put your card on

the table face down. Shuffle it
three times. Done? Yes maam.
Now, from those 4 cards, choose 3
cards and face that card up. Now,
you have three letters. In a 1 whole Yes maam.
sheet of paper, I want you to
record the possible arrangement of
those 3 letters. I will give you five
minutes to do that. Understood?

(After 5 minutes)

Are you done? Yes maam.

Now, using all the cards, I want
you to record all the possible
arrangements of the four cards. I
We have listed 24 possible
will give you 5 minutes to do that.
arrangements of the 4 letters.
(After 5 minutes)
Yes maam.
Are you done?

Now, Using all four cards, how

many arrangements do you have?
Yes group 1?
We have listed 6 possible
arrangements of the 3 letters.
How about the other groups, do
you have the same answer with Yes maam.
group 1?

Okay. Later we will check if your

answers are correct. How about
the three letters, how many
possible arrangements do you
have? Yes group 5?

Are your answers the same with

their answer?

Okay. We will check later if your

answers are correct.

C. Statement of the
Problem

Now class, say for example, you

were riding on a bus with 2 of your
friends and there were 3 vacant
seats in a row. In how many ways
can you arranged yourself?

So I need three volunteers here in

front.

Yes Kathryn, Jane and Roel. Another possible arrangement is Roel,

Jane and Kathryn.
Say for example, Kathryn, Jane and
Roel were on the bus, and these
are the vacant seats. Another possible arrangement is
Kathryn, Roel and Jane.
So one possible arrangement is
that Kathryn is beside Jane and
Roel, or we can represent it in Jane, Roel and Kathyrn is a possible
symbols. So one possible arrangement.
arrangement is JKR. Who can give
me another arrangement?
Roel, Kathryn and Jane is also a
Yes, Jollie Mae? possible arrangement.

Very Good. In symbols, RJK. Who

Another possible arrangement is
can give another possible
Kathryn, Jane and Roel.
arrangement? Yes Mealone?

Thats right. Another one? Yes

Rommel?

Very good Rommel. How about

you, Lolita?

Very Good. Is there any possible

arrangement that was not
mentioned?
Yes Fatima? There are six possible arrangements.

Very Good. Any possible

arrangement that was not
mentioned? None?

Lets list down the possible

arrangements you mentioned.

JKR JRK
 RJK RKJ
KRJ KJR

Okay. Jane, Kathryn and Roel, you

can now take your seats. Now, how
many possible arrangements are
there?
Yes Anna?

Very good. So there are six

possible arrangements for three Permutation refers to any one of all
people sitting on 3 seats on a bus. possible arrangements of the
elements of the given set.
How about if there were 8 people
in a bus? Do we have to list all the
possible arrangements? Do you
think it will take us a lot of time?

D. Statement of the
Generalization

Now class, instead of listing all the

possible arrangement of an object,
mathematics has an easy way of
Rule no. 1: The number of
solving problems, which is
permutations of n distinct objects
concerned with arrangements.
arranged at the same time is given by
Okay class, kindly read;
n!
Permutation refers to any one of all
possible arrangements of the
elements of the given set.

For instance, given a set of distinct

objects, we can arrange them in one
of several ways. Like what we did
with the possible sitting
arrangements of Roel, Jane and We have 3 distinct objects.
Kathryn. The listed arrangement are They are Jane, Roel and Kathryn.
the permutations of the distinct
objects.

Now, lets discuss the rules of

permutation.

Kindly read, Marie?

Thank you Marie.

Class, n! = n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3) 3.2.1.

Say for example, 5.4.3.2.1=5! and
we read this as Five factorial. So
5! = 120.
Yes maam.
In our example a while ago, how
many distinct objects do we have?
Yes Joevhan?
And what are they Joevhan?

Very good Joevhan. Remember class

Yes Maam.
that the object that we are talking
about is the subject that is being
permuted. It may be an animal, a Rule no. 2: The number of possible
person, a letter, or any other things. objects taken r at a time is given by

Going back to our example, we nPr =

have three objects, so to find the
n!
possible permutations, we will have
( nr ) !
3!.
3! = 3.2.2
=6

3! Is equal to six. Is it the same to

our answer a while ago?

So instead of listing all the possible

permutations of an object, we can
use n! in order to find on how many
ways can we arranged n objects.

Understood?

Lets proceed to rule no. 2. Yes,

Joshua kindly read?

Yes Maam.

Rule no. 3: the number of ways of

Thank you Joshua. arranging n objects of which n1 are of
the same kind, n2 are of the same
Say for example, we have 5 kind, , nk are of the same kind is
passengers and there were only 3 given by
vacant seats. In how many ways
can we arranged the 5 passengers? n n!
Rule no.2 can answer this question. (
n1 , n2 , ,n k ) = n1 ! n 2 ! . . nk !
This means that we will take 5
passengers 3 at a time or 5P3.
Substituting to the formula, we
have,

5! 120
5P3 = ( 53 ) ! = 2 =60

So there are 60 possible

arrangements of taking 5
passengers 3 at a time.

Understood?

Next is Rule No. 3. Yes Reslee? Yes maam.

Rule no.4: The number of

arrangements of n distinct objects
around a circle is given by (n-1)!.

Thank you Reslee.

Say for example, in how many ways
can 3 blue bulbs, 5 red bulbs and 2
green bulbs be arranged in a row?

This is the same as arranging 10

objects of which 3 are alike, 5 are Yes Maam.
alike and 2 are alike. Hence, the
number of possible arrangements is
10 !
3 ! 5 ! 2 ! = 2 520

Understood?

Lets proceed to rule no. 4. Kindly

read, Oscar?

Thank you Oscar.

Rule no. 4 is also called circular The rule that fits to the problem is
permutation. In circular rule no.1.
permutation, we are dealing with
circular arrangements. Say for
example, we want to find out in how
There are 5 distinct objects.
many ways can we arrange 8 trees
around a circular garden, which is
given by (8-1)! = 7! = 7.6.5.4.3.2.1
= 5 040.

Understood class?

E. Inference

Using the rules of permutation, lets

answer the following questions.
We have 4 letters left. Letter E, M, I,
and L.
1. In how many ways may the
letters of EMAIL be arranged?
How many of these starts with
letter A?
4! = 4.3.2.1 = 24. There are 24
Now, what rule are we going to arrangements that start with letter A.
use in order to solve this problem?
Yes Maine?

Very good Maine. So now, how

many distinct objects are in the
word EMAIL? Yes Alden?
Thats right Alden. Now, according
to rule no. 1, EMAIL can be arranged We can use rule no.2 to answer the
in 5! = 5.4.3.2.1 = 120 ways. question.
Because its like taking 4 numbers 3
Now, among these 120 ways, how at a time.
many of these starts with letter A?
We can solve this by assigning
letter A as the first letter, and A is
already fixed on that position. So
now, 4! 24
A __ __ __ __ 4P3 = ( 43 ) ! = 1 = 24

Now, how many letters do we have There are 24 three digit numbers that
now aside from A? Yes Nikka? can be formed using the numbers
1,2,3 and 4.
Very good. So now, we are dealing
with 4 letters. Its like dealing with 4
distinct objects. So using rule
number 1, how many arrangements
starts with letter A? Yes Joshua?

Very good Joshua.

We can use rule no.3 to answer the
Lets proceed to question no.2.
question.

2. How many 3 digit numbers can

be written from the digits 1,2,3
and4?

What rule can we use to answer the

second question? Yes Roel?

Why? 9! 362880
1 ! 1 ! 1! 2 ! 2! 2! = 8 =

45360
Very good Roel. Who wants to
answer the question on the board? There are 4560 ways in arranging the
Yes Cristina? letters of the word condensed.

Very good Cristina.

3. In how many ways can the

Using rule no.4, (3-1)! = 2! = 2.
letters of the word
There are two ways to arrange 3
CONDENSED be arranged in a
persons in a round table.
row?

What rule can we use to answer

this question? Yes Jesie?
 Okay. The word CONDENSED has 9
letters. C, O and S appeared once
while N, D and E appeared twice.
Hence, the number of permutation
is given by,
9 9!
( )
1 ,1,1, 2,2,2 = 1 ! 1 ! 1! 2 ! 2! 2!

Who wants to answer this on the

board? Yes Daisy?

Thats right Daisy. Lets move on to The two arrangements are not really
question no.4. distinct.

4. In how many ways can we

arranged three persons in a
round table?

Who wants to answer on the

board?
Yes Jesie?

Very Good Jesie.

F. Verification

Now, lets take a look at this. Say for

example, the three persons are A, B
and C.
A B

B C C A
Fig.1 Fig.2
 Fig.3 and Fig. 4 are identical.

What can you observed? Yes

Joshua? A

Very good Joshua. So it means that

figure 1 and figure 2 are not really
identical. Thus moving 3 persons at
the same time around the table does
B
not result in a different permutation.
Now, what happens if from figure 1,
we change the position of B and C
and just fix the position of person A?
A

Figure 5 is also identical with Figure

C B
3.
Figure 3
This arrangement is already different
to from the arrangement in fig. 1.
Now, from fig.1, what if we fix the
position of person B and interchange
the position of
C A and C ?

B A

Now, what can you observed? Yes

Nikka?

Very good Nikka. Figure 3 and Fig. 4

does not yield into different
permutation. Now, what if at this
time, from Figure 1, we interchange
the position of A and B and fix
person C?
We will use rule no.1.
B
 Yes maam.

A C
Figure 5

Now, what can you observe? Yes

Marvin?

Very good Marvin. If we rotate fig.3,

it will look like figure 4 and figure 5.
Thus, there are only 2 possible
permutation in arranging 3 persons
at a round table.

A A

B C C B

Now, I will group you into 4. So this

will be group 1, group 2, group 3 and
group 4. In each group, I will give
you a manila paper and a pentel
pen. You will write your answers on
the manila paper.

Now, lets check if your answer to our

activity a while ago is correct. If we
want to find out how many possible
arrangements can we make out of
the four letters, what rule are we
going to use to solve this problem?
Yes Jane?

Very good Jane.

Now, using rule no.1, is your answers

correct?
 So in finding how many ways can we
arranged 4 letters, it is simply 4! =
24. And the number of ways in
arranging 3 letters is 3! =6 ways.

Very good class. Lets give yourselves

a round of applause.

IV. Evaluation
Answer the following questions and state what rule is applicable to
solve the problem.

1. In how many ways can the letters w, x, y, and z be arranged in a

row?
2. In how many ways can you arrange the letters of the word
FACEBOOK? How many of these starts and ends with a
consonant?
3. How many ways can 4 members of a family be seated in a theatre if
the mother is seated on the aisle?
4. There are 720 ways for three students to win first, second, and third
place in a debating much. How many students were competing?
5. In how many ways may a number of 5 figures be written from
the digits 0 to 8 inclusive without repeating any digit?
6. How many numbers between 2000 and 5000 can be formed from
the digits 2, 4, 3, 9 and 7? If repetition is not allowed?
7. In how many ways can seven people be sitted on a round table?

V. Assignment
In a one whole sheet of paper, answer the following completely and
neatly.
1. In how many ways can a party of 4 girls and 4 boys be placed at a
round table so that boys and girls alternate?
2. In how many ways can 8 people be seated at a round table
a. If a certain three insists on sitting next to each other,
b. If they refuse to sit next to each other?