The cell cycle

All cells originate from pre-existing cells. They pass on instructions for

__________________________________ from one cell to another. The instructions are all the
same for all cells in an organism, so the cells in our body have the same genetic code as each
other. The cells differ by the instructions that are acted upon and others not. These variations
produce a great diversity of cells and tissues within the organism.

The cell cycle is the sequence of events from one cell division to another. It is
described as a series of phases that take place but in reality it is a continuous process. The

stage between nuclear division is called ____________________ which includes G1, S and G2
phase. Then the cell divides in the phase called mitosis and cytokinesis.

Cell division is an orderly process that does not occur in all cells. Specialized cells tend
not to divide but cells in areas of high growth or wear such as skin cells, frequently undergo
cell division. The length of the cell cycle varies in different cells.

Interphase
The cell spends majority of its life in interphase to prepare for cell division. Interphase
is important such that the cell needs to accommodate for the replication of DNA and
organelles and also prepare for the cell to divide into functional cells.

Phases Details

G1 phase

S phase

G2 Phase
 Mitosis
Mitosis is a process where a single parent cell divides ____________________________

________________________ . The major purpose for cells to undergo mitosis is for growth and
to replace worn out cells. Thus any mistakes made during mitosis needs to corrected or major
genetic problems can arise such as having tumor cells.

Phase Details

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase
 Question 1:

Fill out the diagram in order of the phases.

Question 2:
The picture below is taken from a light microscope of an onion root. What phases are cell a-e in?

d
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 Meiosis
Meiosis occurs in specialized organs of sexually reproducing animals and plants which
results in the production of gametes the sex cells.

_______________: Cells that have a pair of chromosome. E.g Humans have 22 pairs
of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes in somatic cells.

_______________: Cells that have half of the chromosomes. Sex cells/gametes are
haploid.

Stages Detail

Interphase

Prophase I

Metaphase I

The homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite

Anaphase I sides of the cell.

Telophase I and
cytokinesis I

Prophase II

The chromosomes are aligned along the middle of the cell.

Metaphase II

Anaphase II The sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles.

Telophase II and
cytokinesis II
Question 3:

What are the 8 possible daughter cells produced by the parent cell below:
 Binary fission
Binary fission is how prokaryotes undergo cell division. The process is faster than
eukaryotes cell division because it does not have spindle fibres or sister chromatids to pulled
apart.

Steps:

1.__________________________________________________________
2._________________________________________________________
3._________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
4._________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
5._________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
6._________________________________________________________

This is a form of _________________________________ to produce two identical cells

with the same DNA sequence.