India – from ‘Developing’ to ‘Developed’ nation

India is midst of tremendous infrastructure & industrial growth

Management of Municipal,
Greater
G growth means greater
g g waste g
generation..
generation
I d t i l & Hospital
Industrial H it l W
Waste
t in
i IIndia
di This growth is straining the environment (Air, Water, Soil) like never before

– the key urban infrastructure We need p proactive approach

pp
scientific management of waste
to create ‘Waste Management
g Infrastructure’ for

Waste management infrastructure is a ‘must utility’

utility’ in Master Plans of all developed
cities across the world.
world.

India has to do lot of catching up to be truly called modern country

Public Private Partnership
p& Let us be conscious of the fact that scientific waste management g is no longer
g ‘moral’
or ‘corporate social responsibility’ – it is legal obligation in India
India..
Capacity Building The central and state governments need to give a big push to enable scientific
management
g of ‘waste’ as p
per statutoryy requirements
requirements.
q .

PPP provides an answer for ushering into ‘sustainable growth

growth’’

We already have robust examples in the country.

country.

1 3

India – Environment Legislation

The Constitution of India provides the bedrock for environmental legislation
in the country.
According to the Indian Constitution, the areas of responsibility between the
Presentation by: Central and State Governments have been defined through the subject
grouped in Central, State, and Concurrent lists.
Environment does not figure in any of these lists as yet.
yet

Ravi Kant
Managing Director The Parliament has enacted environment related laws based on the Articles
252 and 253 of the Constitution.
Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited
The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 was enacted
Constitution
under Article 252 of the Constitution.
R k H
Ramky House,
Opposite Necklace Road Railway Station, The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 was enacted under
Somajiguda, Raj Bhawan Road Article 253 of the Constitution.
Hyderabad – 500 082
Environment Protection Act, 1986 was promulgated under Article 253 of
Cell: 99890-
99890-22033,
22033, ravikant@ramky.com
the Constitution.
www.ramky.com

2 4

Environmental Legislation in India Environment Protection Act, 1986 (Section 15)

th fear
the f off law….
l
• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Whoever fails
f to comply with or contravenes any off the provisions off this
Act, or the rules made or orders or directions issued there under, shall, in
respect
p of each such failure or contravention,, be p punishable with
• The Environment (Protection) Act
Act, 1986
imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years with fine which
¾ Hazardous Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989 may extend to one lakh rupees, or with both.
¾ Bio
Bio--medical Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998

¾ Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules

Rules, 2000 And in case the failure or contravention continues, with additional fine,
which may extend to five thousand rupees for every day during which
such failure or contravention continues after the conviction for the first
such failure or contravention.
contravention

5 7

Legal Obligations & Emergence of PPP

The Central
Th C l & State
S P ll i Control
Pollution C l Boards
B d were created d post 1974
All Industries and big Infrastructure projects, before commencing work, are obliged to
Solid Waste
take permission from the Pollution Control Board under the following Acts (as
applicable)
The Water Act, 1974 Municipal Solid Waste (Household Waste)
The Air Act, 1981
Also the establishments producing waste like Industries, Hospitals & Municipalities
are required to follow the relevant ‘Rules’ under the ‘Environment Protection Act, Hazardous Waste (Industrial Waste)
1986’ as follows:
Hazardous Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989
Bio--medical Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998
Bio Bio--Medical Waste (Hospital Waste)
Bio
Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000
Thus there is a legal obligation on the waste generating establishments – both public
& private in the country
This legal obligation has motivated the private sector to see business opportunity in
waste management sector.
This has caused and accelerated ‘Public
Public Private Partnership
Partnership’ in waste management
sector in India.
6 8
 Responsibilityy under MSW Rules, 2000
Municipal Waste Management
The PPP Success Story & Concerns Municipal Authority (ULBs)
Infrastructural development for collection,
storage,
t segregation,
ti t
transportation,
t ti processing
i
and disposal of municipal solid wastes.

State Government
The concerned Departments of Municipal Affairs
/ Urban Development and Collectors are overall
responsible to enforce the provisions of these
rules.

9 11

Municipal Solid Waste – India Profile MSW – Challenge

g before the nation

Indian Population
p – 115 Crores Urban India g
generates 1.4 lakh tons of waste every
y
Urban Population – 40 Crores day
Less than 4% of MSW is scientifically managed
Urban Waste Generation Profile
350 ggms/
s/ head/day
ead/day Government & Municipalities are obliged to ensure
Estimated Quantity > 1,40,000 tons per day scientific management of MSW as per Rules
Cities with Pop > 10 lakhs = 35 However seeing business potential created by
MSW Rules, private sector is attracted to MSW.
The MSW business potential in India
Estimated to be Rs. 32,000 crores

10 12

Integrated Municipal Waste Management

Cradle to Grave approach MSW – Challenges for Urban Bodies
Funds to establish & operate integrated MSW management facilities
Collection & Transportation Technical Expertise to set up and operate MSW management integrated
House to House Collection facilities
Transportation
p & Bin Storage
g Commercial competence to engage private partner transparently – e.g.
Secondary Collection and inviting ‘Expression of Interest’, ‘Request for Proposal’ and evaluating the
Transportation proposals technically and financially.

Processing at Site Flight of Manpower - the experienced manpower is leaving given good
opportunities in corporate (infrastructure) sector.
Composting
RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) Fi di appropriate
Finding i t land
l d along
l ith b
with ff zone ffor MSW managementt
buffer
facilities.
Waste-to-Energy Political will coupled with lack of appreciation for this exigency.
Di
Disposal
l att Sit
Site Opportunity Cost
Land filling Change of approach from populism to professionalism
IImpartial
ti l administration
d i i t ti & entrenchment
t h t
13 Transparent Tax / Duties / Levies imposition & realization 15

Tipping
g Fees - Concept MSW – Building Capacities in ULBs
It is difficult to enhance ‘commercial’ & ‘technical’ capacity of ULBs
In PPP mode, the waste management is outsourced to private overnight
p
‘Operators’ who are g
given ‘Concession’ byy the g
government for
periods ranging from 2 years to 25 years The professionals for scientific waste management are not readily available.
Our engineering courses are not aligned to current legislation and ground
The operators are selected on BOO, BOOT basis realities.

In order to recover their investments, the Operator charges ‘Tipping Also the ULBs may not be able to afford professionals owing to
Fees’ from the Municipality / Waste generators. opportunities in private sector
In such cases the state government may hire consultants for the ULBs
The Tipping Fees is money charged per ton of waste transported /
treated / disposed. At the state/ regional/ local level to handhold the department / ULBs

Globally the scientific waste management is done on ‘Tipping Fees’. Scope: DPR preparation, EOI, RFP, Selection of Operator and Project
Management.
The world experience demonstrates ‘Tipping
Tipping Fees’
Fees as sustainable The ULBs need to interact thoroughly with the Consultant at every stage to
model. ensure that their needs are addressed as per ground realities

14 16
 MSW – Building Capacities in ULBs MSW Management - PPP
Continuous Training & Motivation for Key Staff of ULBs
The experience shows that PPP model can be successful &
The key staff of ULBs need to get trained in residential courses like sustainable over time on ‘Tipping
Tipping Fees
Fees’ payable to Operator.
Operator
organized by ASCI, Hyderabad wherein they get opportunity to hear from
professionals in the field. The Operator takes into consideration the following revenue streams
These training courses provide fertile ground for interaction amongst ULBs for working out the Tipping fees in MSW sector
from different states – gain confidence from others Sale of Recyclables
The ULBs need to work out retention strategies for the key staff by way of Sale of Compost (Marketing is a big issue though)
incentives permissible in government system. Sale of Power
Seeing is Believing CDM Revenue
The states in India show wide disparity in quality of MSW management.
Grant / Subsidy / Capital Cost Sharing

The key persons of ULBs should visit existing MSW projects in the country. Every month 15 - 20 bids are coming out in the country for
They may as wellll visit
Th i it projects
j t iin d
developing
l i countries
t i – “If they
th can we
engagement of private Operators in MSW management
management.
also can”.
ULBs will appreciate that professional services do not come for free

17 19

MSW Management - PPP MSW Management–

Management– Other Approaches
Swiss Challenge Approach (Bold & Aggressive)
PPP provides a mechanism wherein the private Operator brings in
“Swiss Challenge” approach like in AP IDEA (Andhra Pradesh Infrastructure
Capital Technology & Manpower to create and operate the waste
Capital,
Development Enabling Act, 2001)
management infrastructure.
It substitutes the need for ‘Consultant’ – but it needs careful handling.
The private Operator is engaged for typical period of 2 – 25 years on Cluster Approach (Size Matters)
BOOT (Build, Own, Operate, and Transfer) basis through
The state government to encourage cluster approach for a group of municipalities to
transparent bidding process. select a common Operator – ‘Economies of Scale’ & make business sense for the
private
i t Operator.
O t
With proper monitoring, PPP ensures Innovation, Efficiency and
improved level of Services together with compliance to The suggestion is to have a project with 300 TPD (tons per day) or more.

Environment Health & Safety (EHS).

Environment, (EHS) Capital Grants (Need of the hour)

Government plays the role of regulator keeping Operator under tight The capital support to ULBs e.g. JNNURM etc, to that extent, will reduce the capital
expenditure required for creation of integrated MSW management Facility.
leash with Penalties,
Penalties Performance Guarantees,
Guarantees Escrow Accounts
etc The private Operator, with initial capital subsidy, will charge lesser Tipping Fees,
which results into lower cash flows from the ULBs during the concession period.

18 20

JNNURM Cities MSW PPP – Calculation of Tipping Fees

No State City No State City No State City
Hyderabad Mysore Ajmer-Pushkar
Task: A Municipality with 300 TPD (Tons per Day) of waste wants to
Task
11 Karnataka 21 Rajasthan
1 Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam Bangalore Jaipur privatize only Processing & Landfilling at the site.
Vijayawada Cochin 22 Sikkim Gangtok
12 Kerala It will
ill continue
ti tto d
do C
Collection
ll ti & TTransportation
t ti till the
th ddump site
it as per
2 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar Thiruvananthapuram Madurai

3 Assam Guwahati Indore 23 Tamilnadu Chennai

their existing system
Patna
13 y Pradesh
Madhya
Jabalpur Coimbatore Assumptions
4 Bihar Bodhgaya Bhopal 24 Tripura Agartala
Raipur Ujjain Delhi
The Private operator is engaged on DBOOT Model: Design, Build, Own,
5 Goa Panaji Pune 25 Union Territory Chandigarh Operate and Transfer.
Ahmedabad Mumbai and Thane Pondicherry
Processingg & disposal
p is outsourced for a p
period of 10 yyears
Rajkot 14 Maharashtra Nagpur Varanasi
6 Gujrat
Surat Nanded Agra
Land is given free by the Municipality
Vadodara Nashik Mathura No capital grant / subsidy is made available to the Operator.
7 y
Haryana Faridabad 15 Manipur
p Imphal
p Meerut
8 Himachal Pradaesh Shimla 16 Meghalaya Shillong
26 Uttar Pradesh
Allahabad
Th Operator
The O t hhas tto quote
t ffor ‘Tipping
‘Ti i F Fees’’ ffor municipal
i i l waste
t ((per
Jammu 17 Mizoram Aizwal Nainital ton) received at the dump site.
9 Jammu & Kashmir
Srinagar 18 Nagaland Kohima Kanpur
Tipping Fees
Ranchi Puri Lucknow

10 Jharkhand Dhanbad
19 Orissa
Bhubaneshwar Dehradun The Tipping Fees comes out to Rs.210 per ton of raw waste received at
27 Uttarakhand
Jamshedpur
20 Punjab
Amritsar Haridwar the site, which amounts to Rs.18.90 lakhs per month
Ludhiana Asansol
28 West Bengal
g The Tipping
pp g Fees can be reduced with capital
p g
grant.
Kolkata

21 23

MSW - Roadmap to effective PPP Key Ingredients for Success of PPP in Waste
Let us remember that wholesale privatization in one go is not the Management Sector
answer to MSW management
The privatization process needs to happen in steps Political will at the highest level
It makes sense to privatize high technology, capital intensive
operations
p first and g gradually
y move towards labour intensive Clarity on purpose and objectives of privatization
operations where local knowledge and acclimatization is essential. Leadership & clean administration
The general trend towards privatization, in order, is as follows:
follows: Enforcement byy Pollution Control Boards
Disposal at Site
Public acceptance of ‘User Charges’ and better services
Remediation of existing Dump site and freeing of land for scientific
operations (This is the trump card to reclaim land !) Professional attitude of ULBs in working with private
Land filling – Construction & O&M of Engineered Secured Landfill. ‘Operator’
Processing at Site
Composting Selection
Se ec o o of p
private
a e Ope
Operator
a o through
oug pprofessionals.
o ess o a s
RDF / Waste-to-Energy Treat private Operator as a partner (Bedrock of PPP)
Collection & Transportation
Respect Concession Agreement
Secondary Collection and Transportation
Primary Collection & Street Sweeping Adequate Tipping Fees & timely payments
22 24
 Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd (REEL)
The leading Environment Company in India Industrial Waste Management
Pioneers & Leaders in the area of Solid Waste Management
g
Industrial Waste Management (providing services in 11 states)
Municipal Waste Management (20 cities in India) The PPP Success Story
Biomedical Waste Management (14 facilities in India)
Electronic Waste Management Facility at Bangalore (in joint Venture
with Cimelia, Singapore)

In house Strength
Environmental Consulting & Advisory
Design Engineering Symbolic Symbolic Symbolic
Symbolic Symbolic
Representation Representation
p Representation Symbolic
C t ti
Construction, S l &C
Supply i i i
Commissioning Representation
R t ti off
of Reactive
Representation
R t ti
of Infectious of Toxic Waste Representation
Corrosive Waste of Ignitable
Operation & Maintenance Waste Waste
Waste of Acute Toxic
Waste

Partnership with
Cimelia Resource Recovery Pte. Ltd., Singapore
SembCorp Environmental Management, Singapore

25 27

Industrial Wastes – India Profile

Estimations/ Inventory
Thanks for your attention 10 Million Tons / Year
28 common Facilities (TSDFs) required
in India

Present Status
2 0 million Tons/Year being managed
2.0
15 Facilities established
7F
Facilities
iliti under
d establishment
t bli h t

26 28

Industrial Waste Management - Scope Industrial Waste Management

g - PPP
The state government is obliged to manage the waste from all industries as
per provisions of Hazardous Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989
which require:
Establish typically one Common Facility in the state for treating and
Th State
The St t Government
G t hires
hi ‘Consultants’
‘C lt t ’ tto:
disposing the industrial waste of the entire state Select suitable land for the Common Facility
The onus of establishing the Facility is with department of Industries
The Facility requires around 100 acres of appropriate land along with
Inventory of ‘Waste Generators’ and ‘Waste Quantities’
capital expenditure budget of Rs. 50 crores. in the state
The Common Industrial Waste Management Facility will have:
• Landfill – creation, operation and post closure monitoring (30 years)
Prepare DPR (Detailed Project Report)
• Incinerator Prepare EOI (Expression of Interest) and RFP (Request
• Laboratory
• Waste Stores & Treatment Facility for Proposal)
• Transport & Earth moving equipment etc
Select ‘Operator’ for a typical concession period of 50
Logistic arrangement for transportation of industrial waste from all
industries in the state to the common Facility. years.
And all the above activities have to comply with environmental and other
statutory obligations – Regulated by Pollution Control Board etc
29 31

Industrial Waste Management

Industrial Waste Management - PPP
Common Treatment & Disposal Facility
(Resources Required) The Operator’s Role:
Gets land from the state g
government on nominal lease ((Say
y
L d:
Land
Re.1/acre/year)
Only state government is competent to provide the notified land on
Designs the Facility
nominal lease for ((25+30)) yyears.
25 Years for operation period
Brings in Capital & builds the Facility (Landfill, Lab, Incinerator etc)
30 Years for environmental monitoring of Landfill Entitled to Rs. 2 crores grant from the state government and matching
C it l
Capital grant from Ministry of Environment & Forest
Forest, GOI
GOI.

Around Rs 50 crores (PPP - BOOT) Collects waste from all Industries, transports it to common Facility, lab
tests, stores, treats, landfills/ incinerates - adheres to EHS requirements.
Technology & Equipment
Operates the Facility for 25 years & earns revenues from the industries
To be outsourced to private Operator (BOOT)
generating waste (charges Tipping Fees per ton of waste)
Manpower
And takes responsibility for another 30 years for post closure (Landfill)
Only available in private sector – government can not afford / retain. environmental monitoring.

30 32
 Glimpses of Ramky Industrial Waste Common Glimpses of Ramky Industrial Waste Common
Treatment & Disposal Facilities Treatment & Disposal Facilities
Lab Operations

Hyderabad

Views from Google Earth

Mumbai
33 35

Glimpses of Ramky Industrial Waste Common Glimpses of Ramky Industrial Waste Common
Treatment & Disposal Facilities Treatment & Disposal Facilities
Waste Transport Equipment Incinerators

34 36

Glimpses of Ramky Industrial Waste Common Common Industrial Waste Management Facilities
Treatment & Disposal Facilities (Ramky
(R k E Enviro
i E Engineers
i Ltd)
Landfill
Facilities Under Construction
Geo-textile over Primary
Drainage Layer, Landfill ready
to get Waste 12. Bhubaneswar (Orissa)
R k ttreats
Ramky t 70 %
of India’s industrial waste

Facilities in the Pipeline

13. Perundurai
P d i (Tamilil N
(T Nadu)
d )
14. Karur (Tamil Nadu)
15. Tirrupur (Tamil Nadu)

37 39

Common Industrial Waste Management Facilities

(Ramky
(R k E Enviro
i E Engineers
i Ltd) Hospital Waste Management
Operational Facilities
Th PPP Success
The S Story
St
1. Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)
2. Vi kh
Visakhapatnam
t (A dh P
(Andhra Pradesh)
d h)
3. Mumbai (Maharashtra)
4
4. Thane-Belapur (Maharashtra)
5. Haldia (West Bengal)
6. Indore ((Madhya
y Pradesh))
7. Udaipur (Rajasthan)
8. Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh)
9. Chandigarh (Punjab)
10. Gummadipoondi (Tamil Nadu)
11. B
Bangalore
l (K
(Karnataka)
t k )
38 40
 Medical Waste in India - Profile Bio--Medical Waste ‘Rules’: Municipal Bodies
Bio

Estimated Medical Waste Quantity (Rule 6)

750 Tons per day The Municipal Bodies can only pick-up and transport duly
treated bio
bio-medical
medical wastes for disposal at the municipal
Current Status
dump site
About 150 TPD being managed through Common
Biomedical Waste Facilities (Rule 14)
About 40 Operating Facilities
The onus upon urban municipal bodies is to provide
Most Metro & Large Cities covered through Common
suitable sites for disposal / incineration of bio-medical waste
Facilities

41 43

Bio--Medical Waste ‘Rules’: Salient features

Bio Bio--medical Waste Management - Scope
Bio
“Bio
Bio--Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998” The state government is obliged to manage the waste from all ‘Health Care
Institutions’ as per provisions of “Bio-Medical Waste (Management &
Handling)g) Rules,, 1998” which requires:
q
The Polluter Pays (Rule 5) Establish typically one Common Facility in a district for treating and
disposing the medical waste from all the ‘Health Care Institutions’.
The onus of ensuring g pproper
p treatment of the bio- The onus of establishing the Facility is with department of Health / ULBs.
medical waste lies squarely with the generators (occupiers) The Facility requires around 2 acres of appropriate land along with capital
expenditure budget of Rs. 4 crores.
of such waste.
The Common Bio-medical
Bio medical Waste Management Facility will have:
• Autoclave
• Incinerator
Note: • Shredder
We strongly feel that Hospitals should devote their energy in treating • ETP
human beings and the responsibility of treating medical waste through • Transport & handling equipment
establishment of ‘Common Medical Waste Treatment Infrastructure’ should be Logistic arrangement for transportation of medical waste from all
handled by Department of Health / Urban Local Bodies. hospitals in the district to the common Facility.
And all the above activities have to comply with environmental and other
statutory obligations – Regulated by Pollution Control Board etc

42 44

Glimpses of Ramky BMW Facilities

Common Bio-
Bio-medical Waste Management
g Facility
y - PPP
Segregated Waste Bins BMW Common Facility

PPP Model
ode
The Department of Health / ULB selects private ‘Operator’ for
g and operating
establishing p g a common bio-medical waste
treatment and disposal facility.
The Operator is selected on ‘BOO’ basis with Concession period
ranging from 1 – 7 years.
The Operator charges ‘Tipping Fees’ from the hospitals (including
government hospitals) in the range of Rs. 4 only per bed per day.
Incinerator Autoclave Shredder

ETP

45 47

Ramky Group – Common Bio Medical Waste Facilities in India

Common Bio-
Bio-medical Waste Management
g Facility
y - PPP
S.No. State BMW Common Facility Registered Beds
1 West Bengal Howrah 33084
2 West Bengal
g Kalyani
y 8985
Operator's
Operator s Role:
3 West Bengal Durgapur 1500
Train the Hospital staff on bio-medical waste segregation. 4 West Bengal Haldia 2478

Supply the colour-coded Plastic Bags / Containers to the 5 P j b

Punjab L dhi
Ludhiana 22376

hospitals. 6 Uttar Pradesh Ghaziabad 6349

7 Maharashtra Navi Mumbai 5616
Lift the
th bi
bio-medical
di l waste
t from
f the
th Hospitals
H it l ddaily.
il 8 Gujarat Ahmedabad 8802
Transport the bio-medical waste from the Hospital to the Common 9 Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad 15355
Facility
Facility. 10 Karnataka Bangalore 11744
11 Karnataka Mangalore 8406
Treat the Waste (Incinerator, Autoclave)
12 Tamil Nadu Chennai 9730
Di
Dispose th W
the Waste.
t 13 Tamil Nadu Salem 8236
Provide round the clock Help-line. 14 Tamil Nadu Madhurai 5415

The first Facility in India –

46 Commissioned in 2000 48