Glasgow College of Nautical Studies Engineering Department

Course : EC Heat Transfer 2: Heat Exchangers

1. A hot fluid at 71C enters a double-pipe heat exchanger

and is cooled to 27C. The cold fluid enters at 10C and
is warmed to 21C. Calculate the log mean temperature
difference:
(a) for counter-flow;
(b) for parallel flow.
(30.6 K; 23.7 K)

2. The following fluid temperatures relate to a double-pipe

heat exchanger:
hot fluid inlet 93C
hot fluid outlet 38C
cold fluid inlet 10C
cold fluid outlet 66C
(a) Is the flow arrangement parallel or counter-flow?
(b) Determine the LMTD.
(27.5 K)

3. Dry saturated steam at 1 bar is used in a shell and tube

heat exchanger to heat air (cp=1.005 kJ/kg K and
R=0.287 kJ/kg K) which enters at 1 m3/s at 1 bar and
20C. The steam is just condensed.
(a) Determine the maximum possible heat transfer to
the air, and the steam flow rate required to
achieve this.
(b) If the effectiveness of the heat exchanger is
0.8, determine the leaving temperature of the air
and the steam flow required.
(c) If the overall heat transfer coefficient is
1000 W/m2K, determine the surface area required
for case (b) above.
(95.1 kW, 0.042 kg/s; 83.7C, 0.034 kg/s: 1.92 m2)

4. Oil flows through the tube of a double pipe heat

exchanger at the rate of 0.189 kg/s. The oil is cooled by
a counter-current flow of water which passes through the
annulus. The water flow rate is 0.151 kg/s. The oil
enters the cooler at 422 K and is required to leave at
344 K when the cooling water enters at 283 K. The tube
has a mean diameter of 12.7 mm and negligible thickness.
What length of tube is required for this duty? Compare
this with the length required for parallel flow.
Data: oil side conductance 2270 W/m2 K
water side conductance 5670 W/m2 K
cp for oil 2.18 kJ/kg K
cp for water 4.19 kJ/kg K
(6.73 m; 10.05 m)
5. A condenser is to be designed to deal with 7.5 kg/s of
steam. The steam will have a dryness fraction of 0.9 and
will be condensed at a pressure of 4.13 kN/m2. Cooling
water is available at 13C; however, for economic
reasons, the temperature rise of the cooling water must
be limited to 10 K. Previous experience indicates that a
water velocity of 1.5 m/s must be maintained in the
tubes. If the condenser is to have two tube passes,
calculate the number of tubes required, and the length of
each tube.
Data: tube o.d 20 mm
tube wall thickness 1.5 mm
U-value 3520 W/m2 K
(based on tube outside area)
(2306 tubes, 2.85 m long)

6. A feed heater is supplied with dry saturated steam at

2 bar and the steam is just condensed without
undercooling. The feed-water enters at 21C and leaves at
95C. The water flows through 4 tube passes of equal
surface area, and the overall U-value may be assumed
constant. Determine the water temperature at the end of
the first three passes.
(49.8C, 70.2C, 84.7C)

7. A counter flow heat exchanger consists of steam pipes

75 mm o.d. and 10 mm thick mounted in a shell carrying
hot gas. Steam at 100 bar, 700C is raised from water
entering at 20C. Gas enters at 1000C. Allowing for a
minimum temperature difference between gas and steam of
20 K (the "pinch point"), determine the mass flow of gas
and the total length of piping required for a steam flow
of 1 kg/s.

Data:

specific heat capacity of gas 1.100 kJ/kg K

surface heat transfer coefficients:
gas 0.3 kW/m2 K
water 1.5 kW/m2 K
wet steam 10.0 kW/m2 K
superheated steam 0.5 kW/m2 K

(3.58 kg/s; 825 m)