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ball valve selection
Ron Manson, March 2015
Valve Requirements for Piping Codes -
ASME B31.1 - Power Piping, 2014
ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries, 2012
107 VALVES
107.1 General
(A) Valves complying with the standards and specifications listed in Table 126.1 shall be used
within the specified pressuretemperature ratings. Unless otherwise required in the individual
standards and specifications listed in Table 126.1, such steel valves shall be pressure tested
in accordance with MSS SP-61.
(B) Valves not complying with (A) above shall be of a design, or equal to the design, that the
manufacturer recommends for the service as stipulated in para. 102.2.2. Such valves shall
be pressure tested in accordance with MSS SP-61.
ASME B31.3 - Process Piping, 2012
Listed valves (table 326.1) -
Normative references 2 2
Terms, Definitions, Acronyms,
Abbreviations, Symbols, and 3 3
Units
Terms and Definitions 3.1
Acronyms and Abbreviations Addressed 3.2 Not addressed
Symbols and Units Addressed 3.3 Not addressed
Valves types and configurations 4
Covers Ball, Gate, Check and Plug Valves. Example
Valve types 4.1 Covers Ball Valves only (No valve Drawings) 1
of covered valve given (Valve Drawing)
Design 5
In accordance with an internationally recognized
Design standards and design code: e.g. ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Meet the requirements of Standard Class valves
5.1 5
calculations Division 1 or Division 2; ASME B16.34; EN 12516- per ASME B16.34
1 or EN 12516-2; and EN 13445-3.
Referenced from ASME B16.34 orASME Section 5.3.
Wall Thickness 5.1 In accordance to requirements of ASME B16.34
VIII. 1
In ASME rating class. Pressure-temperature
ratings for class-rated valves is based per ASME
B16.34 and Class 400 valves is based per ASME
B16.5. Covers up to Class 2500 maximum.
NOTE: It is not required that identical material or
material form be used for body and bonnet or
cover parts. Valve rating shall be the lesser of the shell rating
Pressure-temperature ratings are based on or seat rating. Valve shell rating shall be the rating
material group of valve's end connection. Where for the shell material as listed for Standard Class
1.2,
Pressure and temperature rating the valve ends are made from material in two 5.2 in ASME B16.34. Covers up to Class 600 (Class
4
different groups, the material with the lower 150, 300, and 600) for flanged and butt-welding
pressuretemperature rating shall govern. Valves ends, and up to Class 800 (Class 150, 300, 600
with flanged end(s) shall not be designed to an and 800) for socket-welding and threaded ends.
intermediate rating due to the risk of the valve
being transferred to a different application, which
may utilize the full flange rating. Manufacturer shall
advise any limits on the design pressures and the
minimum and maximum design temperatures due
to nonmetallic parts.
Flanged ends
Specified dimensions, tolerances, and finishes, including drilling templates,
End flanges & bonnet flanges
flange facing, nut-bearing surfaces (i.e. spot facing and back facing),
- Dimensions and facing finish of end
outside diameters, and thickness (see Figure 1) shall be in accordance
flanges shall conform to ASME B16.5.
with:
- Shall be cast or forged integral with the
- ASME B16.5 for sizes up to and including NPS 24 (DN 600) except NPS 5.3.
5.7.1 body. Cast or forged flanges attached by
22 (DN 550) 8
full penetration butt-welding may be used
- MSS SP-44 for NPS 22 (DN 550)
if agreed to by the purchaser. Flanges
- ASME B16.47, Series A for NPS 26 (DN 650) and larger sizes
attached by welding -Paragraph 2.1.6
For valves with heavy wall sections, flanges with nut stops in accordance
ASME B16.34.
with Mandatory Appendix 2, Figure 2-4 (Sketch 12 or 12a) of ASME
Valve ends BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1 may be required.
Butt-welding ends
- Conforms to ASME B16.25 5.3.
Welding ends Socket-welding ends 5,
5.7.2
- Conforms to ASME B31.3, ASME B31.4, or ASME B31.8 - Conforms to ASME B16.11, minimum 5.3.
wall thicknesses shall conform to Table 4 6
of ASME B16.34
Threaded ends shall have taper pipe
Alternate valve end connections threads - ASME B1.20.1, minimum wall 5.3.
5.7.3
- specified by purchaser thicknesses shall conform to Table 4 of 7
ASME B16.34
Valve cavity relief pressure when added to the valve pressure rating shall
not exceed 133 % of the valve pressure rating at maximum specified
design temperature. To achieve a higher cavity relief pressure, the valve
shell shall be designed and tested to withstand a higher hydrostatic shell
Valve Cavity test pressure. If a relief valve fitted to the cavity is required, purchaser may Each valve shall be tested in accordance
5.8 7.3
Pressure Relief specify provisions to facilitate in service testing. External cavity relief with AP1 598
valves shall be NPS 1/2 (DN 15) or larger. Cavity relief testing and
functionality may be demonstrated by tests in H.8.2 for trunnion mounted
ball valves and gate valves. Floating ball valve functionality may be
demonstrated by agreement.
Position indicator shall be in line with the pipeline when the An indication of the position of ball bore of the valve
valve is open and transverse when the valve is closed. Valves shall be integral with the valve stem. This indication 5.8.
Position Indicators 5.16
without position stops shall have provision for the verification of may be by permanent marking to the top of the stem, 8
open and closed alignment with the operator/actuator removed. or by shape of exposed stem portion.
Provided on valves which do not require mechanical force to Position stops shall be provided for both fully open 5.8.
effect a seal and/or operator and they shall be located at the and fully closed positions of valve. Position stops 5,
Travel Stops 5.17
position of the obturator in the open and closed position. integral with packing gland, gland flange or gland 5.8.
Guidance for travel stops by valve type provided in Annex
18 D. bolting shall not be used.
ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES 12
API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014 API 608, 4TH EDITION, DECEMBER 2008
API 6D INDEX
Description Sec Description Sec
Output of the actuator shall not exceed the stress limits of the valve
drive train permitted by 5.20.2. Actuator sizing and mounting kits
Actuator, Operators,
shall be in accordance with API 6DX. Operators, stem extensions 5.18 Not addressed
and Stem Extensions
and their interfaces shall be sealed to prevent ingress of external
contaminants and moisture.
The manufacturer shall determine the need for and verify suitability
Lifting of lifting points of the valve. The purchaser shall specify when lifting 5.19 Not addressed
points on the valve are not required.
The torsional strength of both the stem-to-
ball connection and the portion of the stem
within the pressure boundary (below top of
Design thrust or torque to be at least 2x breakaway thrust or torque. packing) shall exceed the torsional strength
Design stresses for tensile stress, shear stress (including torsional of the stem portion above the pressure
shear stress) and bearing stress shall comply with ASME BPVC, boundary (above the top of the packing) by
Section VIII. at least 10 %. The stem and the ball-to-stem
Average primary shear stress across a section loaded under design connection shall have no occurance of
conditions in pure shear, e.g. keys, shear rings, screw threads, etc., permanent deformation and failure of any 5.5.
Drive Trains 5.20
shall be limited to 0.6 Sm. part when the torque applied is equal to the 2
The maximum primary shear under design conditions, exclusive of greater of:
stress concentration at the periphery of a solid circular section in - 15 ft-lbs (20 N-m), or
torsion, shall be limited to 0.8 Sm. - twice the manufacturers maximum
The drive train shall be designed such that the weakest component published torque.
is outside the pressure boundary. The manufacturers maximum published
torque shall be based upon clean, dry air
service at the maximum differential pressure
rating of the valve.
The valve shall be designed to insure that if
Valves shall be designed to ensure that the stem does not eject
a failure occurs at the stem-to-ball
under any internal pressure condition or if the packing gland 5.5.
Stem Retention 5.21 connection or of the stem itself within the
components and/or valve operator mounting components are 1
pressure boundary, no portion of the stem is
removed.
ejected by internal pressure.
If specified, shall be per one of the following: API 6FA, API 6FD,
Fire Type-testing 5.22 Per API 607 10
API 607, or ISO 10497. 19 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES
API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014 API 608, 4TH EDITION, DECEMBER 2008
API 6D INDEX
Description Sec Description Sec
Materials 6 6
Shell per ASME B16.34. Trim, stem
Issued by the manufacturer and address the following: material
seals, body seals, and gaskets shall
grade; chemical analysis; heat treatment; mechanical properties
have properties at least equal or
(tensile); certification to report all items listed in 6.1.
better than shell material. Threaded
Material Specification Other requirements of the material specifications shall be as 6.1 6
plugs shall have same nominal
follows, if applicable: carbon equivalent (CE); Charpy impacts;
composition as shell material. Higher
hardness; testing. Pressure containing parts shall be per 5.2.
material grades may be specified by
Guidance on selection of material suppliers is given in Annex E.
purchaser.
Tensile test specimens shall be removed from a test coupon
(TC) after final heat-treatment cycle, and shall be performed per
ASTM A370 or ISO 6892-1. Minimum of one tensile test shall be
performed. All yield strengths shall be determined using 0.2 %
offset method. Results of tensile test(s) shall satisfy the
Tensile Test Requirements 6.2 Not addressed
applicable material specification requirements. Otherwise, two
additional tests on two additional test specimens (removed from
same TC with no additional heat treatment) may be performed.
The result of each of these tests shall satisfy the applicable
requirements.
All process-wetted parts, metallic and non-metallic, and
lubricants shall be suitable for commissioning fluids and service
specified by purchaser. Metallic materials to avoid corrosion and
Service Compatibility galling. 6.3 Not addressed
Elastomeric materials for valves intended for rapid gas
decompression gas service Class 600 and above to consider
explosive decompression.
All forged material(s) shall be formed using a hot-working
Forged Parts practice and heat treatment that produces a forged structure 6.4 Not addressed
throughout the material.
Materials 6 6
The chemical composition of carbon steel welding ends shall
meet the following requirements.
- The carbon content shall not exceed 0.23 % by mass.
Composition Limits 6.5 Not addressed
- The sulfur content shall not exceed 0.020 % by mass.
- The phosphorus content shall not exceed 0.025 % by mass.
- The carbon equivalent (CE) shall not exceed 0.43 %.
Hardness Testing Hardness testing shall be as per NACE MR0175, ISO 15156 (all parts), or NACE MR0103. Hardness surveys shall be performed on BM, 7.4 Not addressed
WM and HAZ per NACE MR0175, ISO 15156 (all parts), or NACE MR0103,
Weld repair of forgings and plates shall not be performed to correct material defects, unless otherwise agreed. However, weld repair can be
Repair used to correct machining errors. The weld repair shall be in accordance with the applicable material standard, including any PWHT, if 7.5 Not addressed
applicable.
Repair of welds Shall be performed as per applicable design code or standard listed in 5.1. 7.6 Not addressed
Quality Control 8
Final surface (MT and PT) and ultrasonic (UT) shall be conducted after final heat treatment or postweld heat treatment. Final radiography
NDE Requirements (RT) shall be conducted after final heat treatment, unless otherwise agreed. 8.1 Not addressed
Shall be selected from the list in accordance with Annex G if specified by the purchaser.
Measuring and Test
Dimension, pressure, and temperature measuring equiptment specifications are given 8.2 Not addressed
Equipment
Qualification of
NDE personnel and welding inspector qualifications are given 8.3 Not addressed
Personnel
Excavated area examined by MT or PT methods in accordance with Annex G. Repair welds examined using the same NDE method that
NDE of Repairs 8.4 Not addressed
was used to detect the defect with a minimum of MT or PT. The final NDE activities conducted after post weld heat treatment
Weld End NDE Acceptance criteria per clauses G.24, G.26, or G.27, 8.5 Not addressed
Per MSS SP-55 as a minimum, with the following acceptance criteria:
Visual Inspection of
Type 1: none acceptable; 8.6 Not addressed
Castings
Type 2 to 12: A and B only.
Quality Specification Annex J describes the QSLs including specific requirements for NDE, pressure testing, and documentation of the manufacturing process if
8.7 Not addressed
Levels (QSLs) specified by the purchaser.
23 ENGINEERED & PROCESS VALVES
API 608, 4TH EDITION,
API 6D 24TH EDITION, AUGUST 2014
DECEMBER 2008
API 6D INDEX
Description Sec Description Sec
Pressure Testing 9 7.3
Tested with seating/sealing surfaces free from sealant except where sealant is
primary means of sealing. The water temperature shall not be greater than
100 F (38 C) during the testing period. Supply pressure shall be isolated
Tested according to API
General from the valve being tested and shall be stabilized prior to the start of pressure 9.1 7.3
598
testing duration. The pressure measuring device shall be installed in the test
apparatus in such a manner that the device continuously monitors/records the
test pressure of the valve assembly.
1.1 times pressure rating for material at 100 F (38 C), no visually detectable
Stem backseat test 9.2 Not addressed
leakage permitted.
1.5 times pressure rating for material at 100 F (38 C), no visually detectable
leakage permitted.
When the valve has been designed to withstand a higher hydrostatic shell test
pressure per 5.8, the shell test pressure shall be 1.5 or more times the higher
design pressure at 100 F (38 C).
When performing a higher hydrostatic shell test and the valve is flanged, the
hydrostatic shell test shall be performed with bore sealing plugs to ensure the
Hydrostatic shell test 9.3 Not addressed
flanges are not subjected to test pressures greater than 1.5 times the valve
flange rating.
If pipe pups are to be welded to the valve as part of the final assembly, the
pressure rating of the pipe pups may be insufficient for the hydrostatic-shell
test pressure, then the pups shall be welded to the valve following the valve-
shell test and the valve and pup(s) tested at a pressure lower than the
hydrostatic shell test not to exceed the test pressure of the pipe pups.
Facility Requirements 14
Minimum Facility Requirements The assembler (see 3.1.1) shall have on-site equipment and personnel
for the Assembler Category of to perform the required processes needed to produce the products 14.1 Not addressed
Manufacturing under the scope of this specification as identified in Table 8.
Activities Applicable to an The activities for an assembler and applicable locations are given in
14.2 Not addressed
Assembler Facility Table 8.
API 598 (9th EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2009) API 6D (24th EDITION, AUGUST 2014)
TEST CRITERIA Gate, Globe, Butterfly, Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves
( Class 4500) ( Class 2500)
Required for Gate, Globe, Butterfly, Ball, Check, Gate & Plug
Requirement Required for Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves
Valves
Air, inert gas, kerosene, water or non-corrosive liquid (viscosity Fresh water (may contain corrosion inhibitor -
Test Medium
water) antifreeze)
TEST CRITERIA Gate, Globe, Butterfly, Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves
( Class 4500) Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves
( Class 2500)
Requirement Applicable for gate and globe valves only. Applicable for valves with backseat features.
Air, inert gas, kerosene, water or non-corrosive liquid Fresh water (may contain corossion inhibitor -
Test Medium
(viscosity water) antifreeze)
TEST CRITERIA Gate, Globe, Butterfly, Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves
( Class 4500) Ball, Check, Gate & Plug Valves
( Class 2500)
LOW
PRESSURE
CLOSURE Test Duration See attached Table 2
TEST
Test Pressure x 1.1 max allowable pressure at 100F x 1.1 testing pressure as per ASME B16.34
HIGH
PRESSURE Hydrostatic Seat Test:
CLOSURE
TEST
Table 1
Table2
Table 3
API 608 mandates testing to API 598 and section 6.4.3 does
not allow for testing of a trunnion ball valve.
API 6D for floating & trunnion ball valves, slab & expanding gates,
plug and check valves