Cornell Notes Topic/Objective: Cell Transport Name: Ella Herniak

Class/Period: 6
Date: 1/20/17
Essential Question: How and why do substances move across a cell membrane???

Questions: Notes:
Cell theory: well tested description made from multiple scientists
and discoveries from observations
Summarize the cell
theory Microscopes were used in 1600s
Level 1 Robert hook studied cork and saw that it looked like cells
After more scientific discoveries:
Cell theory:
Compare and 1. All living things are composing of cells.
contrast the parts 2. Cells are the basic units of life.
of a phospholipid 3. New cells are produced from existing cells.
Level 2 Prokaryotic-no nucleus ex: bacteria
Eukaryotic- nucleus ex: animals, plants
`

What kinds of
macromolecules are found
in the cell membrane and
what are their uses?
Level 3

Is a virus The cell membrane

considered a cell? Function- regulates the transport of what leaves and enters the
Level 4 cell.
The membrane includes:
A lipid bilayer- a double sheet of phospholipids that provide a
flexible cell structure. Hydrophilic polar phosphate head and
How can I apply hydrophobic nonpolar fatty acid tail
this to the real Embedded proteins- these proteins act as channel pumps to
world? push large polar objects through the cell membrane.
Level 5 Cholesterol makes it flexible
Carbohydrate chains- act as a chemical ID card
Fluid mosaic model: membrane is made up of many different
parts that freely move.

Summary:
The cell theory is made from multiple observations and discoveries and explains what cells are. The cell
membrane is semi-permeable and made up of lipid bilayers. A lipid bilayer is made up of phosphate, polar,
hydrophilic heads and fatty acid, hydrophobic, non- polar tails. The bilayer serves as a flexible barrier for the cell.
There are also proteins and carbohydrates that make up the cell membrane.
Questions: Notes:
*A solution is the mixture of a solute and solvent.
Diffusion-molecules moving from areas of low concentration too areas of high
concentration. Ex: a sugar cube dissolving in water
Define passive
transport and No Atp
active transport Flows with concentration gradient
Level 1 High to low like Asians coming out of a crazy crowded train

Compare and
contrast active
transport and
passive transport
Level 2

Three kinds of diffusion:

1. Simple diffusion- particles move freely to reach equilibrium
Describe what Small nonpolar molecules such as co2 and oxygen
happens and 2. Facilitated diffusion- special protein pumps are used to push large and polar
provide examples objects across the membrane.
of each solution of Polar or large molecules such as starches and sugars
osmosis. 3. Osmosis: diffusion of water across a cell membrane.
Level 3 Osmosis
Hypertonic-more solute outside of cell, cell shrinks
Hypotonic-more solute inside of cell, cell swells
Isotonic-equilibrium
Water either leaves, enters, or equally flows in both directions
Create analogies
for each of the
types of transports
and diffusions
Level 4

How can I apply my

knowledge of Active transport: the process of transporting small and large molecules across a cell
diffusion and active membrane AGAINST concentration gradient
transport to the Low to high like a person rowing a boat upstream
real world? Requires apt energy
Level 5
Summary:
There are two ways molecules move across a membrane- passive transport and active
transport. Passive transport is when molecules diffuse by following the concentration
gradient. This requires no atp. There is osmosis, simple diffusion, and facilitated
diffusion. There is hypotonic, htpertonic, and isotonic solutions in osmosis. Active
transport requires atp and the molecules move against the concentration gradient.