Cornell Notes Topic/Objective: Cells Name: Autumn Choate

Class/Period: 6
Date:1/23/17
Essential Question: ?

Questions: Notes:

Cells:
What do you think makes
people believe viruses are *Viruses believed to be alive
living? L2 *Able to control/ invade cells
` *Made of bits of DNA and RNA
*Reproduction is only living factor
*Have evolutionary history
Who discovered *Non-living on its head
that corks looked *1600s is when microscopes began being used
like cells? L1 *Robert Hooke observed the pieces of cork, stated they looked just
like cells
*Cell Theory- A well tested description that unifies a range of
observations by multiple scientists/viewpoints
Describe the 1. All living things are composed of cells
difference between 2. Cells are all basic building units of life
polar and non 3. New cells are produced from existing cells
polar, and *Cells are different shapes and sizes, all cells contain genetics
hydrophilic and *No nucleus cells are called prokaryotic (bacteria)
hydrophobic. L3 *Cells with nucleus are called eukaryotic (Animals, plants, fungi,
protists)
Cell Membrane:

*Functions- protects and supports cell, regulates transport of

Explain the cell materials
theory using all *Lipid bilayer- a double layer sheet of phospholipids that make up
four steps, then the cell membrane. Helps provide a flexible structure that forms a
apply it to the strong barrier (cholesterol)
knowledge of if *Polar/Hydrophilic- Water loving, heads face out, like
viruses are living or *Non-polar/ Hydrophobic- Water hating, tails face inside, like
not. L4 *Fluid Mosaic Model- Cell membrane is made up of many different
parts that freely move
*Embedded protein- proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer.
They act as channels or pumps to help move molecules across the
membrane.
*Carbohydrate chains- Act like chemical identity cards, allows
individual clls to identify one another
*Selectively Permeable- Some substances can pass through cell
membrane while others cannot
Summary: Cells are very complex beings. They are considered living because of the cell theory. The theory has
three requirements to show that something is living. They include: Cells must come from another cell, all living
organisms have cells, and cells are the basic building block of life. This is why viruses were not considered living
species. The only factor of the theory that they match was the reproductive aspect. The cell membrane is made of
a lipid bilayer, which makes the wall flexible and strong. Protein pumps and channels help molecules enter and exit
the cells depending on the size of the molecule. Molecules can be either polar (like water), or non-polar (dont like
water). Depending on the cells preference to water, it will enter the cell different ways. There are two types of
transport, active and passive. Passive transport uses diffusion and NO energy to get molecules through the
membrane. Active transport uses energy and different types of pumps/ vesicles to get molecules in.

Questions: Notes:

Passive Transport:
What is a protein
pump? L1 *Concentration- mass of a solute given in a volume of solution. Mass/volume
*Simple diffusion- molecules move from high to low concentration within the cell
*Equilibrium- concentration of the solute in the same throughout so molecules move in
and out of cells
Compare and
*Solutes in the membrane include- Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, small fats, and fat soluble
contrast simple and
vitamins (A, D, E, K)
facilitated diffusion. * Facilitated diffusion- helped along diffusion of large and charged molecules (ions)
L2 through the membrane
*Channel protein- a tunnel where large and charged molecules can enter the cell using
a gated system
* Carrier protein- a protein that holds onto molecules and then changes shape to allow
the molecules into the cell
*Osmosis- diffusion of water through the cell via special channels called aquaporins
*Vacuole- A storage bubble, controls input and output of water in organisms
* Hypotonic environment- Low solute and high water concentration
*Hypertonic environment- High solute and low water concentration
*Isotonic- equal amounts of solute in/out of the cell
*Turgid- surroundings are hypotonic (pure water), water in
*Flaccid- surroundings are isotonic, water in and out
*Plasmolysis- hypertonic surroundings, water goes out
Active Transport:

*Active transport- process of transporting small and large molecules against

concentration gradient
-Low to high energy
-Requires energy
 -Uses pumps
*Ion pumps- Sodium, Potassium, Hydrogen, Chlorine
*Cotransport- Have to travel together into the cell (Na+ and sugar)
* Exocytosis- Transport using vesicles, moving out
*Endocytosis- transport using vesicles, moving out
-Phagocytosis- (cell eating) engulfs solid particles and digests
internally
-Pinocytosis- (cell drinking) engulfs liquid particles and digests
internally
-Receptor Mediated- binding of ligands to receptors trigger vesicle
formation

Summary: