Appendix o

CE 59 Projects I
Department of Civil Engineering

College of Engineering
Silliman University APPENDIX O: DESIGN OF FOOTING
Design of Reinforced Concrete Footing (Exterior)

I. Values from STAAD
A. PD = 604.125kN
B. PL = 154.292kN
II. Loadings
A. Service Load
PC = PD + PL = 604.125+ 154.292 =758.417 kN
B. Ultimate Loads
PU = 1.2PD + 1.6PL = 1.2(604.125) + 1.6(154.292) = 971.82 kN
III. Design for Load Transfer from Column to Footing:
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
Since
Asr = 0.005A1 = 0.005x600x600 =1800mm2
Area of steel bars provided for load transfer:

( ) ( )
Area of steel bars provided is more than adequate for load transfer
IV. Development length of column bars into footing:

1. Basic development length
a.

b.
2. Modification factors:
a.
b. ( )
3. Minimum permissible development length:
a. ld MF1 x MF2 x ldc = 0.4775 x 1.0 x 376.453 = 179.756mm
b. ld 200mm
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Prepared By: Villeane Marie J. Bajardo, Margie A. David, Caryn E. Pamorca
CE 59 Projects I
Minimum thickness of footing using db = 20mm for flexural reinforcement:
Try hf = 320mm
V. Limits of soil bearing capacity:
Using qa = 300kPa, the net allowable soil bearing pressure:

( )
( )
( ) ( )
Compute allowable soil bearing pressure using hf = 320mm and B = 1.70m:

( ) ( )
Ultimate soil bearing pressure due to ultimate column load:
( )
VI. Consider one-way shear on the footing:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

For adequacy,Vu1 Thus
( )
Consider two-way shear on the footing:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
For adequacy,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
CE 59 Projects I
New value of footing thickness hF using d = 184.32 mm with 20-mm steel bars as
flexure reinforcement of the footing:
( ) < Minimum hf =
320mm
Try again with footing thickness hF = 320mm.
Check footing width B with hF = 320mm:

( )
( ) ( )
Check two-way shear of footing for edge column with new hF = 320mm:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
VII. Design footing for flexure:

Using db = 20mm,
( ) ( )
( )

Minimum steel ratio:
CE 59 Projects I
Required area of flexure bars:
( )
Minimum spacing of 20-mm bars:
Maximum spacing of 20-mm bars:
Using s = 260mm center-to-center spacing of bars, edge distance of exterior bars:

[ ( ) ] [ ( ) ]
( )
Actual area of flexure steel provided,

( ) ( )
Actual development lengths of flexure bars:
( ) ( )
VIII. Minimum permissible development length of 20mm steel bars with

straight-end anchorage:
1. Modification factors
a. Coating factor,
b. Size factor,
c. Top bar factor,
d. Normal concrete factor,
e. Excess rebars factor,
f. Concrete cover factor,
CE 59 Projects I
2. Minimum Permissible development lengths

a. ld=300mm < actual Ld =625mm (O.K.)
b.

c.

Actual development length of flexure bars Ld = 625 mm did not exceed minimum
permissible values. Therefore flexure bars need to be solve for hooked-end anchorage.
Development length of tension bars with standard hooked-end anchorage

1. Basic development length for deformed bars
0.24 e f y
lhb = d b =376.453mm
f c'
where e = 1.2 for epoxy-coated reinforcement and = 0.75 for lightweight

concrete. For other cases, e and shall be taken as 1.0.
a) MF1 = 0.70 for 36-mm diameter bars and smaller with side cover (normal to
plane of hook) not less than 65 mm for 180-degree hook. Also, for a 90-degree
hook with a minimum of 65-mm side cover and a minimum of 50-mm cover on
extension beyond hook.
b) MF2 = 0.80 for 36-mm diameter bars and smaller with hooks enclosed
vertically or horizontally within lateral ties or stirrups spaced along the full
development length not greater than 3d b .
As required
c) MF3 =
As provided
3. Required development length

a) l d h 150 mm
b) l d h 8db = 8 x 20 = 160mm
c) l d h MF x l h b =0.70 x 0 .80 x x 376.453 = 206.812mm
where MF = MF1 x MF2 x MF3
The development length for deformed bars Ld = 376.453mm did exceed minimum
permissible values. Therefore used length of deformed bars for hooked-end anchorage
Lhb = 380mm.
CE 59 Projects I
Design of Reinforced Concrete Footing (Interior)

C. PD = 580.960kN
D. PL = 176.677kN
II. Loadings
C. Service Load
PC = PD + PL = 580.960+ 176.677 =757.637 kN
D. Ultimate Loads
PU = 1.2PD + 1.6PL = 1.2(580.960) + 1.6(176.677) = 979.835 kN
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
Since
Asr = 0.005A1 = 0.005x500x500 =1250mm2

( ) ( )

c.

d.
c.
d. ( )
c. ld MF1 x MF2 x ldc = 0.497 x 1.0 x 376.453 = 187.233mm
d. ld 200mm
CE 59 Projects I
Minimum thickness of footing using db = 20mm for flexural reinforcement:
Try hf = 320mm

( )
( )
( ) ( )
Compute allowable soil bearing pressure using hf = 320mm and B = 1.66m:

( ) ( )
( )

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

For adequacy,Vu1 Thus
( )
Consider two-way shear on the footing:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
For adequacy,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
CE 59 Projects I
New value of footing thickness hF using d = 212.158 mm with 20-mm steel bars
as flexure reinforcement of the footing:
( ) < Minimum hf =
320mm
Try again with footing thickness hF = 320mm.
Check footing width B with hF = 320mm:

( )
( ) ( )
Check two-way shear of footing for edge column with new hF = 320mm:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
VII. Design footing for flexure:

Using db = 20mm,
( ) ( )
( )

CE 59 Projects I
( )
Using s = 270mm center-to-center spacing of bars, edge distance of exterior bars:

[ ( ) ] [ ( ) ]
( )
Actual area of flexure steel provided,

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
VIII. Minimum permissible development length of 20mm steel bars with

g. Coating factor,
h. Size factor,
i. Top bar factor,
j. Normal concrete factor,
k. Excess rebars factor,
l. Concrete cover factor,
CE 59 Projects I

d. ld=300mm < actual Ld =575mm (O.K.)
e.

f.


i. Basic development length for deformed bars
0.24 e f y
lhb = d b =376.453mm
f c'

ii. Modification factors

1. MF1 = 0.70 for 36-mm diameter bars and smaller with side
cover (normal to plane of hook) not less than 65 mm for 180-
degree hook. Also, for a 90-degree hook with a minimum of
65-mm side cover and a minimum of 50-mm cover on
2. MF2 = 0.80 for 36-mm diameter bars and smaller with hooks
enclosed vertically or horizontally within lateral ties or
stirrups spaced along the full development length not greater
than 3d b .
As required
3. MF3 =
As provided
iii. Required development length

1. l d h 150 mm
2. l d h 8db = 8 x 20 = 160mm
3. l d h MF x l h b =0.70 x 0 .80 x x 376.453 =
183.661mm
The development length for deformed bars Ld = 376.453mm did exceed minimum
Lhb = 380mm.
CE 59 Projects I
Design of Reinforced Spiral Concrete Footing

A. PD = 184.329 kN
B. PL = 19.987 kN
C. fy = 415 MPa
D. fc = 28 MPa
E. N = 10
F. db = 16 mm
d b 2 (500) 2
G. A1 = = = 62500 mm2
4 4
II. Loadings
E. Service Load
PC = PD + PL = 184.329 + 19.987 =204.316 kN
F. Ultimate Loads
PU = 1.2PD + 1.6PL = 1.2(184.329) + 1.6(19.987) = 253.174 kN
PU = 253174 N

PnC = x 0.85fc x A1 = 0.65 x 0.85 x 28 x 62500
PnC = 3037527.397 N
PnF = x 0.85fc x A1 X (A2 /A1)0.5 = 0.65 x 0.85 x 28 x 62500 x 2
PnF = 6075054.794 N
With the assumption that (A2 /A1)0.5 = 2; then A2 = 4A1
And B (A2)0.5 = (4 x 62500 ) 0.5 = 886.227 mm
Use bearing strength for load transfer, Pn = 3037527.397 N
Since Pn > PU , then steel bars required for load transfer has a minimum area:
625
Asr = 0.005A1 = 0.005 x 62500 = mm2
2
Nd b
2
(10) (16) 2
Asp = = = 640 mm2
4 4

0.24 fyd b 0.24 x 415 x16
e. ldc = = =301.162 mm
fc ' 1.0 28
f. ldc = 0.043dbfy = 0.043 x 16 x 415 = 285.520 mm
CE 59 Projects I
625
Asr
e. MF1 = = 2 =0.488
Asp 640
f. MF2 = 1.0(lateral tie factor)
e. ldcr MF1 x MF2 x ldc = 0.488 x 1.0 x 301.162 = 146.967 mm
f. ldcr 200mm
Use ld = 200mm
Minimum thickness of footing using db = 16 mm for flexural reinforcement:
hf ld + 2db + 75 = 200 + (2x16) + 75 = 307 mm
Try hf = 310mm

qmin = 100 kPa
qmax = 3qmin = 3x100 = 300 kPa
qan = qa - WS - WF = 300 - S (H-hf) - C hf
qan = 300 - 16 x (1.5 - 0.310) - 23.6 x 0.310 = 273.644 kPa
Pc 204.316
AF = = = 0.7466m2
q an 273.644
B = (AF)0.5 = (0.7466)0.5 = 0.864 m
Compute allowable soil bearing pressure using hf = 310 mm and B = 1.0 m:
2 2
qa = qmin +[ ( H B 0.60)qmin ]= 100 + [ (1.5 1.0 0.60)100 ]
3 3
qa = 226. 667 kPa < qmax = 300 kPa
Therefore use qa = 226. 667 kPa, with hf = 310 mm and B = 1000 mm.
PU 253.174
qU = 2
= = 253.174 kPa
B (1) 2
m = 0.5 x (B-C) = 0.5 x (1000 - 500) = 250 mm
VU1 = qU x B x (m-d) = 0.253174 x 1000 x (250 - d)
VC1 = 0.17 fc'Bd = 0.17 x1.0 x 28x1000 xd
For adequacy, VU1 VC1 . Thus
0.253174 x 1000 x (250 - d) = 0.75x 0.17 x1.0 x 28x1000 xd
d = 68.216 mm
Consider two-way shear on footing:
co = c + d = 500 + d
bo = 4co = 4(500 + d)
CE 59 Projects I
VU2 = PU - qU x co x co = 253174 0.253174 x (500 + d) x (500 + d)

1 1
fc 'bo d = x1.0 28 x4 x(500 d ) xd
VC2 =
3 3
For adequacy, VU2 VC 2 . Thus
253174 0.253174 x (500 + d) x (500 + d)= 0.75 x
1
x1.0 28 x 4 x(500 d ) xd
3
d = 58.871mm
New value of footing thickness hf using d = 68.216 mm with 16-mm steel bars as
flexure reinforcement of the footing:
hf = d + 1.5db 75 = 68.216 + (1.5 x 16) + 75 = 167.216 mm < minimum

hf=310mm
Try again with footing thickness hf = 310 mm
Check footing width B with hf = 310 mm:
qan = qa - WS - WF = 216. 667 - S (H-hf) - C hf
qan = 226. 667 -16 x (1.5 - 0.310) - 23.6 x 0.310 = 200.311 kPa
Pc 204.316
Af = = = 1.0199 mm2
q an 200.311
B = (Af)0.5 = (1.0199)0.5 = 1.00 m = assumed B = 1.0 m.
Therefore use B = 1.00 m.
VII. Check two-way shear of footing for interior column with new hf = 310 mm
1 S
VC 2 ( 2) fc 'bo d =
12 bo
1 20 x310
x 2 x1.0 28 x(500 310) x310
12 4(500 310)
VC2 = 433329.969 N
VC 2 = 0.75 x 433329.969 = 324997.477 N
VU2 = PU - qU x co x co = 253174 0.253174 x (500 + 310) x (500 + 310)
VU2 = 87066.539N < VC 2 = 324997.477 N (SAFE)
Therefore use hf = 310 mm and B = 1000 mm.
VIII. Design footing for flexure:

Using db = 16 mm,
d1 = hf - 1.5db - 75 = 310 - (1.5x16) - 75 = 211 mm
d2 = d1 + db = 227 mm
m = 0.5 (L - c) = 0.5 x (1000-500) = 250 mm
Mu = 0.5 qU Bm2 = 0.5 x 248.032 x 1.00 x (0.25)2 = 7.751 kN.m
CE 59 Projects I
MU 7.751x106
Resistance factor, R = = 0.00690864
fc ' Bd12 0.9 x28 x1000 x2112
Reinforcement index, 0.85 0.7225 1.7 R = 0.85 0.7225 1.7 x0.006908
= 0.0069369
fc' 0.0069369x 28
Required steel ratio, = = 0.000468
fy 415
1.4 1.4
min = = 0.0033735
fy 415
fc ' 28
min = = 0.0031877
4 fy 4 x 415
Use = 0.0033735
As = Bd2 = 0.0033735 x 1000 x 227 = 765.785 mm2
4 AS 4 x765.785
N = = 3.808 4
d b 2 x162
Using 4 16-mm steel bars:
B 200 1000 200
s = = 266.67 mm
N1 1 4 1
s db db = 16 + 16 = 32mm
s 25 db = 25 + 16 = 41 mm
Maximum spacing 0f 16-mm bars:
s 450 mm
s 3h f = 3 x 310 = 930 mm
Using s = 270-mm center-to-center of bars, edge distance of exterior bars:
c = 0.5 x [B-(N1-1)s] = 0.5 x [1000 - (4-1)270]
c = 95 mm < maximum of 150 mm (OK) .
Therefore, 4 16-mm steel bars spaced @ 270 mm on centers bothways may be used
as flexure reinforcement for the footing.
Nxd b
2
4 x (16) 2
Actual area of flexure steel provided, Asr = = 256 mm2
4 4
Therefore, provide 4 16-mm steel bars spaced @ 270 mm on centers
bothways .
Ld = 0.5 x (L - c ) - 75 = 0.5 x (1000 - 500) - 75 = 175 mm
CE 59 Projects I
VIX. Minimum permissible development length of 16-mm steel bars with straight-end
anchorage:
a. Coating factor, e 1.0
b. Size factor, S 0.8
c. Top bar factor, t 1.0
d. Normal concrete factor, 1.0
AS required 765.785
e. Excess rebars factor, = =0.95218
AS provided 256
(cb ktr ) (20 0)
f. Concrete cover factor, = = 1.25 < maximum 2.5
db 16
Use 1.25
2. Minimum permissible development lengths
a. ld = 300 mm > actual Ld = 175 mm (not OK)
fy t e 415 x1.0 x1.0 x0.95218
b. ld db = x16 = 568.969mm > actual Ld
2.1 fc ' 2.1x1.0 28
fy t e s 415 x1.0 x1.0 x0.8 x0.95218
c. ld db = x16 =868.97 > actual Ld
1.1 fc ' 1.1x1.0 x 28

0.24 e f y
lhb = d b =376.453mm
f c'

than 3d b .
CE 59 Projects I
A s required 765.785
6. MF3 = = 0.95218
A s provided 256

7. l d h 150 mm
8. l d h 8db = 8 x 20 = 160mm
9. l d h MF x l h b =0.70 x 0 .80 x 0.95218x376.453 =
200.733mm
The development length for deformed bars Ld = 376.453 mm did exceed minimum
Lhb = 380mm.
CE 59 Projects I
Design of Reinforced Concrete Wall Footing

I. Considering 1.0-meter length of wall (L=1.0m), the loads are:
From NSCP 2010 (dead load):
Masonry = 21.2 kN/m3 (medium weight units)
Finishing = add 0.24kPa for each face plastered =2x0.24=0.48kPa
From NSCP 2010 (live load):
Partition and interior walls = 0.25kPa
PD = [(21.2x0.15)+0.48]x3.6x6 =79.056kN
PL = 0.25x3.6x6=5.4kN
Pw = PD + PL = 79.056+5.4=84.456kN
Pu = 1.2PD + 1.6PL = 1.2x79.056 + 1.6x5.4 =103.51 kN
Using 12-mm steel bars for flexure reinforcement of footing,
And assume the footing with a minimum development length of 200mm for load
transfer.
Thickness of footing:
( )
Minimum gross allowable soil bearing pressure, qmin=100kPa

Maximum gross allowable soil bearing pressure, qmax = 3qmin = 3x100 = 300kPa
Using hF = 299mm with qa = 300kPa, the net allowable soil bearing pressure is
( )
( )
Try with B = 0.310m,

( )
( )
Therefore, qa = 160.667kPa.
II. Effective depth of footing considering one-way shear:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )

CE 59 Projects I
For footing adequate in one-way shear:
( )
New value of footing thickness hF using with 12-mm steel bars as flexure
reinforcement of the footing:
( )
Required width B of footing with new hF = 110mm:
( )
( )
Therefore use hF =110mm and B = 600mm.
III. Design footing for flexure:

Using db = 12mm,
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
6389686
Use
( )
(increase number of bars)
( )
Spacing 0f 12-mm flexure bars:
CE 59 Projects I
( ) ( )

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Using db = 12mm,
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

Use
( )
( )
Spacing 0f 12-mm flexure bars:

( ) ( )

[ ]
[ ]
CE 59 Projects I
[ ]
[ ]
Therefore, provide 8 12-mm flexure bars spaced @ 125mm on centers for

the footing.
IV. Required area of temperature/shrinkage reinforcement:
Thus, As/t = 0.0018x600x115=124.2mm2

Using 10-mm steel bars for temperature/shrinkage reinforcement, required
number of bars:
( ) ( )
Provide 2 10-mm temperature/shrinkage bars spaced @ 400mm on

centers.

( ) ( )
V. Minimum permissible development length of 12-mm steel bars with

a. Epoxy coating factor,
b. Size factor,
c. Top bar factor,
d. Normal concrete factor,
e. Excess rebars factor,
f. Concrete cover factor,

a.
b.

c.

CE 59 Projects I

0.24 e f y
lhb = d b =225.872mm
f c'

than 3d b .
A s required
12. MF3 =
A s provided

13. l d h 150 mm
14. l d h 8db = 8 x 12 = 96mm
15. l d h MF x l h b =0.70 x 0 .80 x 0.9803824 x 225.872=
124.01mm
The development length for deformed bars Ld = 225.872 mm did exceed minimum
Lhb = 230mm.
CE 59 Projects I
FOOTING SCHEDULE
DIMENSION REINFORCEMENT
NO. OF
MARK THICKNESS LENGTH WIDTH DEPTH DIAMETER SPACING REMARKS
BARS
T (mm) L (m) W (m) D (m) (mm) (mm)
BOTHWAYS
F1(exterior) 320 2.0 2.0 1.5 20 8 260 Isolated
F2(interior) 320 1.8 1.8 1.5 20 7 270 Isolated
F3(spiral) 310 1.0 1.0 1.5 16 4 270 Isolated
WF 110 0.6 0.6 1.2 12 8 125 -

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CE 59 Projects I

Department of Civil Engineering

Design of Reinforced Concrete Footing (Exterior)

Asr = 0.005A1 = 0.005x600x600 =1800mm2

Area of steel bars provided for load transfer:

IV. Development length of column bars into footing:

Minimum thickness of footing using db = 20mm for flexural reinforcement:

Using qa = 300kPa, the net allowable soil bearing pressure:

Compute allowable soil bearing pressure using hf = 320mm and B = 1.70m:

Ultimate soil bearing pressure due to ultimate column load:

VI. Consider one-way shear on the footing:

Consider two-way shear on the footing:

Check footing width B with hF = 320mm:

VII. Design footing for flexure:

Minimum steel ratio:

Required area of flexure bars:

Minimum spacing of 20-mm bars:

Maximum spacing of 20-mm bars:

Using s = 260mm center-to-center spacing of bars, edge distance of exterior bars:

Actual area of flexure steel provided,

Actual development lengths of flexure bars:

VIII. Minimum permissible development length of 20mm steel bars with

f. Concrete cover factor,

2. Minimum Permissible development lengths

Development length of tension bars with standard hooked-end anchorage

where e = 1.2 for epoxy-coated reinforcement and = 0.75 for lightweight

3. Required development length

Design of Reinforced Concrete Footing (Interior)

Asr = 0.005A1 = 0.005x500x500 =1250mm2

Area of steel bars provided for load transfer:

IV. Development length of column bars into footing:

Minimum thickness of footing using db = 20mm for flexural reinforcement:

Using qa = 300kPa, the net allowable soil bearing pressure:

Compute allowable soil bearing pressure using hf = 320mm and B = 1.66m:

Ultimate soil bearing pressure due to ultimate column load:

VI. Consider one-way shear on the footing:

Consider two-way shear on the footing:

Check footing width B with hF = 320mm:

VII. Design footing for flexure:

Minimum steel ratio:

Required area of flexure bars:

Minimum spacing of 20-mm bars:

Maximum spacing of 20-mm bars:

Using s = 270mm center-to-center spacing of bars, edge distance of exterior bars:

Actual area of flexure steel provided,

Actual development lengths of flexure bars:

VIII. Minimum permissible development length of 20mm steel bars with

l. Concrete cover factor,

4. Minimum Permissible development lengths

Development length of tension bars with standard hooked-end anchorage

where e = 1.2 for epoxy-coated reinforcement and = 0.75 for lightweight

ii. Modification factors

iii. Required development length

Design of Reinforced Spiral Concrete Footing

III. Design for Load Transfer from Column to Footing:

IV. Development length of column bars into footing:

V. Limits of soil bearing capacity:

VU2 = PU - qU x co x co = 253174 0.253174 x (500 + d) x (500 + d)

hf = d + 1.5db 75 = 68.216 + (1.5 x 16) + 75 = 167.216 mm < minimum

VIII. Design footing for flexure:

Development length of tension bars with standard hooked-end anchorage

where e = 1.2 for epoxy-coated reinforcement and = 0.75 for lightweight

3. Required development length

Design of Reinforced Concrete Wall Footing