Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Uniclass L32232: P2
Aggregate Blocks CI/SfB Ff2
February 2007
technical manual
Customer Services:
aggregate blocks
T 08450 762100 F 01235 437391
E blocks@hanson.biz www.hanson.biz/uk
Hanson Building Products
aggregate blocks
Head Office
Stewartby
Bedford
MK43 9LZ
technical manual
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Contents
Introduction 2-3
1. Product data
2. Performance
Structural 32-39
Fire resistance 54
Durability 60
3. Sitework
CDM Regulations 63
Mortar 66-67
4. Other information
Quality 76
Introduction
Hanson is a market leader in the
manufacture and supply of aggregate
blocks, annually producing 7.5 million m2.
Using naturally occurring dense and
lightweight aggregates, Hansons
aggregate blocks are a robust product,
offering high compressive strength and
excellent sound insulation to help meet
the requirements of Building Regulations.
Hanson provides a unique wealth of knowledge, choice and resources, offering customers a wide range of
products for the Housing, Commercial and DIY sectors, all backed by the sales support and technical service
that is the strength of this division.
All products are manufactured to the requirements of BS EN 771-3 and are available in a variety of
densities, strengths, sizes, configurations and finishes to suit most applications.
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Product data
1 Product data
Product summaries 6-9
Facing blocks
Background blocks
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Material properties
Thermal conductivity W/m.K internal 1.22
external 1.31
Dry density kg/m3 1900
Total moisture movement mm m-1 < 0.50
Vapour resistivity MN.s/g.m 100
Mean compressive strength solid 7.3, 10.4, 17.5, 22.5
N/mm2 cellular/hollow 3.6, 7.3, 10.4
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Material properties
Thermal conductivity W/m.K internal only 0.47
Dry density kg/m3 1450
Total moisture movement mm m-1 < 0.80
Vapour resistivity MN.s/g.m 50
Mean compressive strength solid 7.3, 10.4
N/mm2 cellular/hollow 3.6, 7.3,
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Material properties
Thermal conductivity W/m.K internal only 0.36
Dry density kg/m3 1000
Total moisture movement mm m-1 < 0.70
Vapour resistivity MN.s/g.m 40
Mean compressive strength N/mm2 solid only 3.6, 7.3
Water absorption by capillary g/m2.s0.5 < 1050
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Evalast Background
Mean compressive strength: 3.6 - 30.0N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 1.32W/m.K internal, 1.42W/m.K external
Dry density: 1990 kg/m3
Strength
Having high density, with associated strengths, Evalast
Background blocks easily achieve the durability
requirements for use above and below ground. They can
be used in normal and sulphate soil conditions
equivalent to classification DS-3.
Thermal
Evalast Background blocks, in conjunction with suitable
thicknesses of insulation, are able to provide high levels
of thermal insulation. Sample constructions achieving
U-Values of 0.27, 0.30 and 0.35W/m2.K are shown on
on pages 42-47.
Fire
Concrete is an excellent fire resistant material.
Evalast Background products are manufactured from
either Class 1 (limestone) or Class 2 (gravel and
crushed stone) aggregates. Where fire resistance is
important it is essential that the class of aggregate is
specified. Full details are given in the tables opposite.
Coursing blocks
Evalast Background To complement the range, 22.5N/mm2 coursing
Manufactured to BS EN 771-3 from crushed rock or units (brick size) are available for use in conjunction
gravel aggregates to BS EN 12620 and Portland with 7.3N/mm2 100mm Evalast Background blocks,
cement. and 10.4N/mm2 units are available for 140mm
thick products.
Evalast Background blocks are dense aggregate blocks
which can be used in virtually any part of a project Finishes
above or below ground, in normal conditions. The nature of Evalast Background blocks classes them,
Their performance makes them especially applicable to for the purpose of rendering and plastering, as a
partition and separating walls where good sound relatively low suction background. They can be either
insulating qualities and high strengths are required. smooth or rough in texture, depending upon
They can also be used as infill blocks in beam and block manufacturing location. As such, the correct
flooring systems. specification for the applied finishes should be provided.
In the case of dense sand cement plasters applied to
Applications smooth blocks, it is recommended that, in addition to
Acoustics
raking out of the joints, an adhesive slurry, spatterdash
The high density of Evalast Background blocks gives
or stipple coat is applied to the block surface prior to
them excellent sound insulation properties. When laid to
the application of the first undercoat. The high strengths
form a sound separating wall, they achieve the required
and close internal texture of Evalast Background blocks
mass as given in the Building Regulations and Robust
mean that excellent fixing can be achieved using a
Details.
variety of patent fixings.
Typical examples of how Evalast Background blocks
Specification and performance
may be used to form sound separating walls, are given
Being manufactured from Class 1 and Class 2
on pages 50-53.
aggregates, the blocks provide the highest possible
Flooring levels of fire resistance together with good sound
Evalast Background blocks are suitable as infill blocks insulation properties.
for beam and block flooring systems. They should be
Note: Evalast blocks are not intended to be left fair faced or painted and should
specified as for flooring, in order that the correct have a finish (plaster, render plasterboard, cladding, etc.) applied where the wall
manufacturing base is sourced. is to have visual importance.
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Material properties
Thermal conductivity W/m.K internal 1.32
external 1.42
Dry density kg/m3 1990
Total moisture movement mm m-1 < 0.55
Vapour resistivity MN.s/g.m 100
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Fenlite Background
Mean compressive strength: 3.6 - 15.0N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 0.45 - 0.48W/m.K
Dry density: Fenlite - 1350, Fenlite 1500 - 1500kg/m3
Fenlite blocks
Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks are manufactured to
BS EN 771-3 from natural aggregates to BS EN
12620, pyro processed lightweight aggregates to
BS EN 13055-1, and Portland cement.
These medium density blocks are suitable for use in the
majority of standard applications i.e. the inner leaf of
cavity walls when used with secondary insulation,
separating or partition walls, infill blocks in beam and
block flooring systems and externally where a finish is
applied.
Applications
Acoustic
The density of Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks gives
them excellent sound insulation properties. When laid to
form a cavity sound separating wall they will achieve the
required mass as given in the Building Regulations and
Robust Details. Typical examples of how Fenlite and
Fenlite 1500 blocks may be used to form sound
separating walls are shown on pages 50-53.
Flooring
Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks are suitable as in-fill
blocks for beam and block flooring systems.
They should be specified as for flooring, in order that
the correct manufacturing base is sourced.
Note: Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks are not intended to be left fair or painted
and should have a finish (plaster, render plasterboard, cladding, etc.) applied
where the wall is to have visual importance.
* The use of 7.3N/mm2 Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks is possible in
aggressive soil conditions. Please consult Product Services for further details.
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Strength
The strength of all Fenlite blocks dictates their Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks offer a medium suction
application in exposed conditions. Block strengths of background which is ideal for the direct application of
7.3N/mm2 and greater should be specified if they are to sand cement renders and plasters, together with
be used on the outer leaf of a cavity wall below dpc proprietary lightweight plasters.
level and left unprotected. In all other normal situations
Material properties
3.6N/mm2 blocks would be suitable.
Material properties for Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 are
Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks, in conjunction with shown overleaf (pages 20-21).
suitable thicknesses of insulation, are able to reach high
Dimensions, weights and properties
levels of thermal insulation. Sample constructions
Dimensions, weights and properties for Fenlite and
achieving U-Values of 0.27, 0.30 and 0.35W/m2.K are
Fenlite 1500 are shown overleaf (pages 20-21).
illustrated on pages 42-47.
Specification and performance
Concrete is an excellent fire resistant material.
Being manufactured from Class 1 aggregates, all
Fenlite and Fenlite 1500 blocks are manufactured using
Fenlite Background blocks provide the highest possible
Class 1 aggregates which provides the highest level of
levels of fire resistance together with good sound
fire resistance for a given size.
insulation properties.
Having good strengths, excellent fixing can be achieved
using a variety of patent fixings.
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Evalite Background
Mean compressive strength: 3.6 - 10.4N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 0.47 W/m.K internal, 0.505W/m.K external
Dry density: 1450kg/m3
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Material properties
Thermal conductivity W/m.K internal 0.47
external 0.505
Dry density kg/m3 1450
Total moisture movement mm m-1 < 0.85
Vapour resistivity MN.s/g.m 50
Mean compressive
strength N/mm2 solid 3.6, 7.3, 10.4
103mm coursing unit 10.4
140mm coursing unit 10.4 Evalite Background
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Superlite Background
Mean compressive strength: 3.6, 7.3N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 0.40 W/m.K internal, 0.43W/m.K external
Dry density: 1100kg/m3
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Material properties
Thermal conductivity W/m.K internal 0.40
external 0.43
Dry density kg/m3 1100
Total moisture movement mm m-1 < 0.95
Vapour resistivity MN.s/g.m 40
Mean compressive
strength N/mm2 solid 3.6, 7.3
Shear bond strength N/mm2 0.15
Superlite Background
Configuration Group 1
Fire classification A1
Water vapour permeability 5/15
Flatness mm < 1.0
Dimension tolerance classification D1
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Ultralite Background
Mean compressive strength: 3.6N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 0.295W/m.K internal, 0.32 W/m.K external
Dry density: 850kg/m3
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Material properties
Thermal conductivity W/m.K internal 0.295
external 0.32
Dry density kg/m3 850
Total moisture movement mm m-1 < 0.85
Vapour resistivity MN.s/g.m 30
Mean compressive
strength N/mm2 solid 3.6
cellular 3.6
Ultralite Background
Shear bond strength N/mm2 0.15
Fire classification A1
Water vapour permeability 5/15
Flatness mm < 1.5
Dimension tolerance classification D1
Configuration Group 1
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Party Wall
Mean compressive strength: 24N/mm2
Thermal conductivity: 1.46W/m.K internal, 1.56 W/m.K external
Dry density: 2100kg/m3
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Material properties
Thermal conductivity W/m.K internal 1.46
external 1.56
Dry density kg/m3 2100
Total moisture movement mm m-1 < 0.55
Vapour resistivity MN.s/g.m 100
Mean compressive
strength N/mm2 solid 24
Shear bond strength N/mm2 0.15
Party Wall
Configuration Group 1
Fire classification A1
Water vapour permeability 5/15
Dimension tolerance classification D1
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Product data
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2 Performance
Performance
Structural 32-39
Fire resistance 54
Durability 60
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Performance
Structural
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Hs Underside of
Cavity wall Internal wall
structural roof
Topside of
structural floor
One storey
Hs Underside of
Cavity wall Internal wall
structural roof
Hs Underside of
Cavity wall Internal wall Hs Underside of
structural roof
structural roof
This wall to be at
Underside of least 140mm
Hs Underside of thick blockwork
structural roof Hs
structural roof or 215mm thick
brickwork
This wall to be at
least 140mm thick
Hf Topside of
Topside of in blockwork or
structural floor 215mm thick in structural floor
brickwork below ground
floor level if height
Hf exceeds 1m.
Two storey Three storey
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Performance
Structural
Group 2 units (void content > 25% but < 60%) in designation (iii) mortar (M4)
440 x 215 x 140 1.54 2.91 5.15 6.11 - - - - -
440 x 215 x 150 1.43 2.77 4.92 5.88 - - - - -
440 x 215 x 190 1.13 2.38 4.30 5.24 - - - - -
440 x 215 x 215 1.00 2.21 4.03 4.96 - - - - -
Group 1 units laid flat in designation (iii) mortar (M4), strength tested upright
440 x 215 x 100 0.47 2.50 4.10 5.20 6.37 7.00 8.10 - 9.60
Units (void content <25%) laid to form a collar jointed wall in designation (iii) mortar (M4)
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Reinforced masonry
When considering reinforced masonry design, guidance Bond beams can also be used:
is given in BS 5628: Part 2. A particular application of a) As horizontal beams to distribute loads to columns
this form of construction is the formation of lintels over b) As heads of walls to distribute vertical loads
openings, where the block pattern is to be maintained. c) Below large panel openings to assist with movement
In order to achieve this, trough lintel or bond team units control.
(half length trough lintels used where a fair faced soffit The reinforcement quantities in the table are
is required) are laid on temporary formwork with an for guidance only, exact detail and specification
extra unit at each end to form the bearing. The void should be approved by a structural engineer.
achieved is then filled with the necessary reinforcement
Table 3: Maximum spans for single layer reinforced masonry
and infill concrete to withstand the applied load.
above openings
The whole assembly is allowed to cure before the
Trough lintel (face size)
formwork is struck.
Full length Half length Width Maximum Reinforcement
mm span (m) (high yield)
A typical example is shown in Fig. 2.
440 x 215 215 x 215 100 2.4 1 x 12mm
Table 3 gives guidance on the maximum spans for 440 x 215 215 x 215 140 2.2 1 x 12mm
single layer reinforced masonry trough lintels used in 440 x 215 215 x 215 190 2.2 1 x 12mm
internal applications. Where it is necessary to have 440 x 215 215 x 215 215 2.1 1 x 12mm
greater spans, the use of double layer reinforced The maximum spans indicated above have been based on:
sections should be considered (as illustrated). 1. Loads assessed in accordance with BS 5977: Part 1
(no additional loads or openings in load triangle or interaction
zone other than masonry above).
2. Mortar designation (ii) (M6)
3. Block strength 7.3N/mm2
4. Concrete infill
Local bed-joint reinforcement (a) 1:0-1/4:3:2 cement:lime:sand:10mm max. size aggregate.
(b) Concrete grade C30 215mm
5. Minimum bearings 215mm
Bond beam units with
webs knocked out
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Performance
Structural
Internal walls or partitions not designated for Table 5: Internal and external dimensions of moulded blocks
imposed loading (all dimensions nominal)
b
a b
When an internal wall or partition is not intended to
c
carry an imposed load, it should be laterally restrained
a
by horizontal or vertical, continuous or intermittent
supports. The length or height of the wall in relation to
its thickness should be within the limits given in
Figs. 3, 4 and 5, page 37.
t
Consideration should also be given to the following, Block dimensions: hollow/cellulars
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8.0
Not
recommended
7.0
215
6.0
200
190
5.0
Wall height m
150
4.0 140
125
3.0
100
2.0
1.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
Wall length m
Figure 3: Recommended block width non-loadbearing unplastered walls
restrained at the top only
8.0
Not
recommended
7.0
6.0
215
200
5.0
Wall height m
190
4.0
150
3.0 140
125
2.0
100
1.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
Wall length m
Figure 4: Recommended block width non-loadbearing unplastered walls
restrained at the ends but free at the top
8.0
190
7.0
150
6.0
140
5.0
Wall height m
125
4.0 Recommended
block widths
100
3.0 Not recommended
215
200
2.0
190
150
1.0 140
125
100
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
Wall length m
Figure 5: Recommended block width non-loadbearing unplastered walls
restrained at the ends and top
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Performance
Structural
Radius walls
Standard blocks can be laid in stretcher bond to form Fig. 6 and Table 6 give guidance on curved walls based
circular or curved walls. The length and thickness of the on the size of the unit with a nominal 10mm perpend
block will determine the width of the perpend on the joint on the internal face. To limit the size of the external
outer face and the overhang between successive perpend joint, the joint on the internal face can be
courses for a particular radius. reduced, or the block cut on the splay.
Length of block
External
perpend width Thicknes of block
(see table)
Overhang between
alternative courses
Width of internal
perpend 10mm
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Performance
Thermal Insulation
Introduction
New measures to improve the energy efficiency of compliance can be assessed using a calculation
buildings have been introduced by the Government. procedure known as the Simplified Building Energy
Model (SBEM). Conservatories with a floor area greater
The intention is to meet the requirements of The
than 30m2 must comply with Approved Document L1.
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD)
which aims to further combat climate change and Part L1A requirements - dwellings
requires buildings to be both better insulated and to The 2006 amendments to Part L1 seek to achieve
make use of more efficient heating systems. about a 20% reduction in carbon emissions when
compared to dwellings built to the 2002 standards
The changes to Approved Documents (conservation of
of thermal insulation. Compliance can only be
fuel and power) of the Building Regulations for
demonstrated using a revised Standard Assessment
England and Wales came into force on 6th April
Procedure (SAP 2005) calculation method.
2006.
SAP 2005 & Emission rates
The revised Approved Document will also make air The use of SAP 2005 will result in the reporting of CO2
leakage pressure testing of buildings mandatory, emissions from:
thereby improving compliance with the regulations. 1. Space and water heating, (CH) and
The use of Robust Details for airtightness of dwellings 2. The use of internal fixed lighting (CL).
may provide an alternative to routine testing, although The Target CO2 Emission Rate (TER) will need to be
at present the required details have not yet been determined. This is calculated using approved software
developed. based on SAP 2005 and is, in turn, based upon a
Guidance is given below on compliance to satisfy the notional building which assumes a 20% improvement
requirements of Building Regulation L1 (England and on the 2002 regulation design values. The following
Wales) 2006, with respect to Hansons aggregate formula is used to determine the TER:
blocks. TER = (CH x fuel factor + CL) x (1 - improvement
Different requirements apply in Scotland. Please refer factor).
to technical standard J of the Building Standards The fuel factor is a tabulated value from Approved
(Scotland) Regulations. Document L1 and is dependent on the fuel type.
Approved Documents The Dwelling CO2 Emission Rate (DER) is calculated
The new Part L Approved Documents are in 4 sections based on the energy features of the proposed dwelling.
as follows: It needs to be carried out twice.
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Performance
Thermal insulation
0.032 n/a 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) Dense plaster
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
0.036 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26)
Brick outer leaf
0.040 145 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.26)
Full fill insulation
Inner leaf block 0.032 n/a 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.26) Lightweight plaster
Internal finish 0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
0.036 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26)
0.040 125 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27)
0.032 100 (0.27) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) Plasterboard on dabs
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27)
0.036 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.25) 125 (0.25)
0.040 140 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130 (0.27)
0.032 n/a 100 (0.27) n/a 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) Dense plaster
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
0.036 125 (0.27) 125 (0.27) 125 (0.27) 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26)
0.040 145 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 140 (0.27) 135 (0.27)
Evalast outer leaf
Render
0.032 n/a 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.26) Lightweight plaster
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Full fill insulation
Inner leaf block
0.036 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26)
Internal finish
0.040 140 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27)
0.032 100 (0.27) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) Plasterboard on dabs
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 100 (0.27)
0.036 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26)
0.040 140 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130 (0.27)
0.032 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) Dense plaster
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 100 (0.27)
0.036 125 (0.27) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.25)
0.040 140 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 135 (0.27) 130 (0.27)
Render
0.032 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) Lightweight plaster
Fenlite outer leaf
0.034 n/a n/a n/a n/a 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27)
Full fill insulation
0.036 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.26) 125 (0.25) 125 (0.25)
Inner leaf block
0.040 135 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130 (0.27)
Internal finish
0.032 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.26) 100 (0.25) 100 (0.25) Plasterboard on dabs
0.034 n/a 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.26)
0.036 125 (0.26) 125 (0.25) 125 (0.25) 125 (0.25) 125 (0.25) 100 (0.27)
0.040 135 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 130 (0.27) 125 (0.27)
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0.032 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) Dense plaster
0.034 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28)
0.036 125 (0.27) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29)
Brick outer leaf
0.040 125 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 115 (0.30)
Full fill insulation
Inner leaf block 0.032 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) Lightweight plaster
Internal finish 0.034 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28)
0.036 125 (0.27) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29)
0.040 125 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 115 (0.30)
0.032 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.29) Plasterboard on dabs
0.034 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30)
0.036 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 90 (0.30)
0.040 120 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 110 (0.30)
0.032 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) Dense plaster
0.034 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28)
0.036 125 (0.27) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29)
0.040 130 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 125 (0.30) 125 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30)
Evalast outer leaf
0.032 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) Lightweight plaster
Render
0.034 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28)
Full fill insulation
0.036 125 (0.27) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29)
Inner leaf block
0.040 125 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 115 (0.30)
Internal finish
0.032 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.29) Plasterboard on dabs
0.034 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27)
0.036 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28)
0.040 120 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30)
0.032 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.29) Dense plaster
0.034 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27)
0.036 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28)
0.040 125 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 120 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30)
Render 0.032 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) Lightweight plaster
Fenlite outer leaf 0.034 100 (0.29) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30)
Full fill insulation
0.036 100 (0.30) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 100 (0.29) 90 (0.30)
Inner leaf block
0.040 120 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 115 (0.30) 110 (0.30)
Internal finish
0.032 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.29) Plasterboard on dabs
0.034 100 (0.28) 85 (0.30) 100 (0.27) 100 (0.27) 85 (0.30) 85 (0.30)
0.036 100 (0.29) 90 (0.30) 100 (0.28) 100 (0.28) 90 (0.30) 90 (0.30)
0.040 115 (0.30) 110 (0.30) 110 (0.30) 110 (0.30) 110 (0.30) 110 (0.30)
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Performance
Thermal insulation
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Render
Fenlite outer leaf Foil faced 65 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) Dense plaster
50mm clear cavity Cavity insulation
Partial fill insulation (k=0.023W/m.K) 65 (0.26) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 60 (0.27) 65 (0.26) Lightweight plaster
Inner leaf block Cavity (low emissivity)
Internal finish = 0.644m2K/W 60 (0.27) 60 (0.26) 60 (0.26) 60 (0.26) 60 (0.26) 55 (0.26) Plasterboard on dabs
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Performance
Thermal insulation
Everlast outer leaf Foil faced 60 (0.29) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.29) Dense plaster
Render Cavity insulation
50mm clear cavity (k=0.023W/m.K) 55 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.30) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) Lightweight plaster
Partial fill insulation Cavity (low emissivity)
Inner leaf block = 0.644m2K/W 50 (0.30) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.30) Plasterboard on dabs
Internal finish
Render Foil faced 50 (0.30) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 50 (0.29) 45 (0.30) Dense plaster
Fenlite outer leaf Cavity insulation
50mm clear cavity (k=0.023W/m.K) 50 (0.30) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.29) Lightweight plaster
Partial fill insulation Cavity (low emissivity)
Inner leaf block = 0.644m2K/W 50 (0.29) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.30) 45 (0.29) 45 (0.29) Plasterboard on dabs
Internal finish
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Everlast outer leaf Foil faced 45 (0.33) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.35) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.33) Dense plaster
Render Cavity insulation
50mm clear cavity (k=0.023W/m.K) 45 (0.33) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.34) 40 (0.34) 35 (0.35) Lightweight plaster
Partial fill insulation Cavity (low emissivity)
Inner leaf block = 0.644m2K/W 40 (0.34) 35 (0.35) 40 (0.33) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.34) Plasterboard on dabs
Internal finish
Render Foil faced 40 (0.35) 40 (0.33) 40 (0.33) 40 (0.33) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.34) Dense plaster
Fenlite outer leaf Cavity insulation
50mm clear cavity (k=0.023W/m.K) 40 (0.34) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.35) 35 (0.34) Lightweight plaster
Partial fill insulation Cavity (low emissivity)
Inner leaf block = 0.644m2K/W 35 (0.35) 35 (0.34) 35 (0.34) 35 (0.34) 35 (0.34) 30 (0.35) Plasterboard on dabs
Internal finish
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Performance
Sound insulation
(a) This requirement now includes rooms for residential Airborne sound Impact sound
insulation insulation
purposes as well as dwelling houses and flats. DnT,w + Ctr dB LnT,w dB
(Minimum values) (Maximum values)
Room for residential purposes means a room, or suite
Purpose built dwelling
of rooms, which is not a dwelling-house or flat and houses and flats
which is used by one or more persons to live and sleep Walls 45
Floors and stairs 45 62
in, including rooms in hotels, hostels, boarding houses,
Dwelling houses and flats formed
halls of residence and residential homes, but not by a material change of use
including rooms in hospitals, or other similar
establishments, used for patient accommodation. Walls 43
Floors and stairs 43 64
(b) Performance standards are given for walls, floors
and stairs having a separating function, in new buildings
and buildings formed by change of use. Table 15: Rooms for residential purposes - performance
standards for separating walls, separating floors and stairs
E2 Protection against sound within a dwelling-house etc that have a separating function.
(c) This is a new requirement that sets standards for the Airborne sound Impact sound
sound insulation of walls and floors in dwelling-houses, insulation insulation
DnT,w + Ctr dB LnT,w dB
flats and rooms for residential purposes. (Minimum values) (Maximum values)
E3 Reverberation in the common internal parts of buildings Purpose built rooms for residential purposes
containing flats or rooms for residential purposes
Walls 43
(d) This is a new requirement to control reverberation in Floors and stairs 45 62
the common parts of buildings containing flats or rooms Rooms for residential purposes formed
for residential purposes. by a material change of use
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Compliance Table 16: Laboratory values for new internal walls and floors
Compliance with Regulation E1 (party walls) can be within dwelling houses, flats and rooms for residential
purposes, whether purpose built or formed by material change
achieved by the following one of methods detailed of use.
below using aggregate concrete blocks- Airborne sound insulation
Rw dB
Build to the prescriptive methods detailed in the (minimum values)
Approved Document.
Walls 40
or alternatively Floors and stairs 40
b) Dwelling-houses and flats formed by material change Minimum mass per unit area, excluding finish
of use; =120 kg/m2
All joints well sealed
c) Purpose built rooms for residential purposes; Plaster or plasterboard finish on both room sides
d) Rooms for residential purposes formed by material Compliant constructions
change of use. 75mm Evalast solid
90mm Evalast solid
The Pre-Completion Test regime and procedure are
100mm Evalast solid
detailed in Section 1 of the Approved Document.
100mm Evalast Solo
However, as an alternative to Pre-Completion Testing in 90mm Fenlite solid
new dwelling-houses and flats, separating wall and floor 100mm Fenlite solid
constructions known as Robust Details (RDs) may be 100mm Fenlite Solo
used, which eliminate the need for Pre-Completion
All with plasterboard or plaster finish both sides.
Testing.
Satisfying E3
Satisfying E2
To satisfy requirement E3 (reverberation) sound
To satisfy the requirement for E2, internal walls and
absorption techniques detailed in Section 7 of the
floors should be built in such a way that they achieve
Approved Document should be employed.
the sound insulation values for dwelling-houses, flats
and rooms for residential purposes set out in Table 16 Satisfying E4
opposite, or built to the minimum weight criteria as To satisfy requirement E4 (acoustics in schools),
detailed in Section 5 of the Approved Document. reference is made to Building Bulletin 93, this
document gives detailed information on performance
requirements and compliance routes.
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Performance
Sound insulation
Weighted sound reduction index single leaf Approved Document Method (Pre-Completion
masonry (Rw) Testing required)
It has become the norm for designers to specify noise The constructions detailed below, if built correctly,
control requirements in terms of the Weighted Sound should achieve the sound insulation values for dwelling
Reduction Index (Rw) which represents the airborne houses and flats set out in Table 14 and the values for
sound insulation performance of a building element. rooms for residential purposes set out in Table 15,
(page 48).
Tables 17 and 18 illustrate a selection of Rw values for
our Evalast and Evalite range of products which have Achieving the required performance level is dependent
been established through testing and evaluation. upon good workmanship in separating walls and floors
and also in the associated flanking construction.
Table 17: Evalast sound insulation Guidance is provided in the Approved Document on
Blockwork and type Estimate of weighted sound suitable designs at these critical junctions.
reduction index Rw (dB)
fair-faced dry lined plaster Wall Type 1.1 Solid wall
75mm solid 37 45 47
90mm solid 39 46 48
100mm solid 42 48 50
Plaster
125mm solid 46 50 52
140mm solid 51 52 54
150mm solid 52 52 54
190mm solid 53 53 55 Masonry
200mm solid 54 55 55
215mm solid 55 56 56
100mm cellular 37 45 47 Fig. 7
140mm hollow 43 49 51
150mm hollow 42 48 50
190mm hollow 46 50 52
215mm Evalast solid dense aggregate block (100mm
215mm hollow 47 51 52
laid flat), wet plaster on both room faces.
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Plaster 13mm
(minimum) Cavity wall,
Masonry block density
(1850-2300kg/m3)
Fig. 9
Cavity
Performance
Sound insulation
E-WM-2 E-WM-3
12.5mm gypsum based board
nominal 8kg/m2 mounted
Plaster 13mm on dabs
(minimum) Cavity wall,
Cavity wall,
block density block density
(1350-1600kg/m3) (1850-2300kg/m3)
Internal render,
scratch finish nominal
Fig. 11 Fig. 12 8mm (6mm minimum)
75mm
275mm 275mm
(minimum) (minimum)
Two leaves of 100mm Fenlite, Fenlite 1500 or Evalite Two leaves of 100mm Evalast solid dense aggregate
Standard solid medium dense aggregate blocks with blocks with 75mm minimum cavity, gypsum-based board
75mm minimum cavity, wet plaster on both room faces. (minimum 8kg/m2) on 8mm sand:cement render with
scratch finish on both room faces.
The external wall (flanking wall) should be
constructed of two leaves of masonry. The external wall (flanking wall) should be
Minimum cavity width of 75mm required in party wall. constructed of two leaves of masonry.
13mm wet plaster (minimum 10kg/m2) on both Minimum cavity width of 75mm required in party wall.
room faces. Gypsum-based board nominal 8kg/m2 on 8mm
sand: cement render with scratch finish on both
room faces.
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E-WM-4 E-WM-8
12.5mm gypsum-based board Wall finish gypsum-based
nominal 8kg/m2 mounted board nominal 9.8kg/m2
on dabs mounted on dabs
Block density
1350-1600kg/m3
Cavity wall,
block density Wall ties Insulation
(1350-1600kg/m3) retaining wall ties to ADE
(tie type A)
Insulation 35mm Isowool
Hi-therm RD35 foil faced
mineral wool acoustic batt
275mm
(minimum)
Two leaves of 100mm Fenlite, Fenlite 1500 or Evalite Two leaves of 100mm Fenlite, Fenlite 1500 or Evalite
Standard solid medium dense aggregate blocks with Standard solid medium dense aggregate blocks with
75mm minimum cavity, drylining board (minimum 75mm minimum cavity incorporating 35mm Isowool,
8kg/m2) on 8mm sand:cement render with scratch Hi-therm RD35 foil faced mineral wool acoustic batt,
finish on both room faces. gypsum board (minimum 9.8kg/m2) on both room faces.
The external wall (flanking wall) should be The external wall (flanking wall) should be
constructed of two leaves of masonry. constructed of two leaves of masonry.
Minimum cavity width of 75mm required in party wall. Minimum cavity width of 75mm required in party wall.
Gypsum-based board nominal 8kg/m2 on 8mm Gypsum-based board nominal 9.8kg/m2
sand:cement render with scratch finish on both mounted on dabs.
room faces.
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Performance
Fire resistance
Introduction
Fire resistance of masonry walls relates to fitness for The fire resistance quoted on the individual product data
use and is a property of the complete element of a sheets are based on:
structure. The period of fire resistance of a masonry wall
i Loadbearing or non-loadbearing
is taken to be the time (from 30 minutes to 6 hours)
ii No finish
from the start of the test to failure of stability and
iii Made with Class 1 or Class 2 aggregate
integrity.
iv Single leaf
All Hansons aggregate blocks have an A1 fire
For alternative forms of construction, please contact
classification rating and have been tested to relevant
Hansons Product Services department.
British and European Standards.
In walls designed to resist fire, any movement control
Notional periods of fire resistance for masonry walls to
joints necessary should be filled with a non-combustible
comply with Approved Document B (AD) are given in
material capable of accepting the anticipated movement
Table 14 of BS 5628: Part 3.
and sealed with an appropriate material to give the
Criteria for fire resistance same fire resistance as the blockwork.
This table takes cognisance of the relevant factors
affecting the use of masonry units for fire resistance
purposes. These are as follows:
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Movement control
Notes:
1 For general design purposes only.
2 Consult Hansons Product Services department, or a qualified structural
engineer regarding specific applications where greater spacing of control joints
is envisaged.
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Performance
Movement control
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Fig. 21: Movement joint at steel column (plan view) Fig. 22: Movement joints at steel column (plan view)
Flexible strip
with sealant
600mm 600mm
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Performance
Moisture penetration
Rain resistance
The rain resistance of rendered and un-rendered single
leaf concrete masonry walls is dependent on the
thickness as shown in Table 20.
Table 20: Assessment of resistance to rain penetration of single leaf walls with or without rendering
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Lerwick
Dornoch
Inverness
Londonderry
Newcastle
Carlisle
Alston
Enniskillen Belfast Workington
Darlington
Dungannon Middlesbrough
Whitby
Ripon
York
Hebden Bridge
Hull
Skelmersdale
Doncaster
Colwyn Bay Grimsby
Manchester
Sheffield
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Performance
Durability
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3 Sitework
Health and Safety 63
CDM Regulations 63
Mortar 66-67
Sitework
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Introduction
Hansons aggregate blocks are composed of Ensuring that normal protective equipment
cementitious materials and aggregates and usually appropriate to construction sites is both provided
admixtures. The finished products as supplied are of an and used.
inert nature and inherently non-hazardous to health.
The manual handling of loads should not be attempted
The surface nature and weight of the products requires without a risk assessment as required by the Manual
the use of protective gloves and footwear to avoid Handling of Loads at Work Regulations, 1992. Practical
injuries. Where lifting points are provided they should all guidance in meeting the regulation is given in the
and always be used. Otherwise good slinging and lifting Health and Safety Executive (HSE), Construction Sheet
practices should be used. No. 37, Handling Building Blocks which advises that:
When cutting or surface treating products by hand or by There is a risk of injury in the repetitive manual
machine, dust and flying fragments may be created. handling of units heavier than 20kg by one person.
The dust created may be of respirable size and may
Units, greater than 20kg, should be handled
contain quartz. Extended periods of exposure to high
mechanically or by the use of a two person team
concentrations of such dust, particularly in enclosed
if repetitively handled.
spaces, can constitute a health hazard. In such
circumstances, respiratory protective equipment should Small numbers of units greater than 20kg i.e. quoins,
be worn. In addition, suitable eye protection should be reveals etc., would not fall into this category and would
worn to protect against dust and/or flying fragments. not be expected to be handled by a two person team.
The products may be delivered secured with steel or Units of greater than 20kg may be specified and used
plastic straps under tension, or shrink wrapped in to meet particular design requirements provided that
polythene. When these straps are cut or broken, risk appropriate handling methods are used.
may occur particularly to the eyes from the strap ends.
For users who, for design reasons would otherwise
Appropriate hand and eye protection should be worn
select units of greater than 20kg but would prefer not
when cutting or handling strapping. Care should be
to, a number of options exist. The appropriate choice
taken on the release of the strapping or the removal of
from the options available will depend on the unit or wall
the polythene wrap that items do not fall from the stack.
properties dictated by the application.
The product should be stacked within the limitations of
Choices include:
the ground conditions and the security of the products
Using smaller units having similar properties e.g.
as bonded to a pallet or itself.
Evalast Easilift, Party Wall.
The product and associated strapping and wrapping
Using lighter solid units having sufficiently similar
material should be disposed of in accordance with local
properties
authority requirements for non-hazardous materials.
Using cellular/hollow units instead of solid units
CDM Regulations - Safe Handling and Use of
(having almost identical properties to solid units)
Concrete Blocks
Handling of heavy concrete blocks can give rise to a Using alternative construction techniques such as:
wide range of injuries. To reduce the risk of injury, the i) Laying units flat to form a 190 or 215mm width wall
blockwork design, site conditions and the way the work (suitable for finishes such as plastering or drylining)
is organised should be planned. Points to be taken into ii) Collar jointing* units to form a 190 or 215mm wall
considerations include: (particularly suited to facing applications)
Minimising manual handling by delivering units as Whenever making the choice of units, it is essential to
close to the place of use as safety considerations ensure that the desired performance characteristics of
permit. the finished wall are not compromised.
Moving units in packs and by mechanical means *Collar jointing is laying units back to back in normal aspect with a 10-15mm
mortar joint between the adjoining faces of the units. The two leaves may be
when ever possible. tied together. If tied, either normal ties or bed joint reinforcement may be used.
Collar jointed walls are not suitable for sound separating walls in dwellings.
Loading units out to above knee height.
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Sitework
Block laying
Sample panels
In order to establish the general standard of blockwork,
mortar, jointing and workmanship, it is strongly
recommended that sample panels of Paint Grade and
Facing blocks should be erected prior to commencing
with the building works. Regardless of which finish is
selected, such panels are much more effective than
written words or photographs in defining and specifying
the quality of work required.
Storage on site
The blocks should be carefully unloaded and stacked on
their bedding faces on a strong level surface near to the
position where they are to be used. They should be
protected against rain and in a manner which allows air
to circulate between the blocks. Particular attention
should be taken to ensure protection of the block
arrises.
Block laying
It is recommended that block layers should use blocks this should be carried out using a power driven masonry
from alternative cubes whilst proceeding with saw. When wet cutting is used for facing blocks, excess
construction. This will maintain the natural appearance fines from the cutting process should be removed from
of the finished wall. the finished face, using the minimal amount of water
possible and allowed to dry. It should be noted that a
Block laying should be discontinued during heavy rain
cut face may have a different appearance to a
unless the work is protected. When work stops for more
moulded face and whenever possible, any cut face
than an hour or two, especially overnight, the top of the
should be built into the walls. For non-facing blocks, the
work should be protected against rain, snow and frost.
use of a hydraulic block splitter or traditional bolster
The face of the work should also be protected against
may be employed.
splashes from the ground, from scaffolding and from
other construction activities. Chasing
Where the use of hollow blocks is not possible and
No block laying should be carried out when the
chasing is necessary, a rotary chasing machine or
temperature is at or below 3C, see note, page 67.
mechanical disc cutter is recommended. Vertical chases
Bond should not exceed one third of the wall/leaf thickness
Blocks should be laid to achieve a good bond not less and horizontal chases should not exceed one sixth of
than one quarter the length of the block. The precise the wall/leaf thickness. In loadbearing walls, the effect
bond of the wall is largely at the discretion of the of a reduced cross sectional area caused by chasing
designer provided it satisfies the recommendations of should be checked. In no event should chases impair
BS 5628: Part 3. Other patterns are of course possible the strength or stability of the wall.
but may require the use of bed joint reinforcement.
Cutting
Whenever possible, the use of standard half-length or
purpose made blocks is recommended. Hanson also
offers a cutting service enabling the majority of specials
to be cut at the works. When site cutting is unavoidable,
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Cleaning
Ideally, the best method of achieving satisfactory
finished work, free from unsightly staining, mortar
accretions and smearing, is prevention and good
workmanship. On facing work it is also advisable to
keep finished areas of walling covered as the Weathered Raked
contract proceeds, to avoid splashing and staining
from other work.
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Sitework
Mortar
Introduction
The composition of mortar is very often given These mortar specifications are suitable for use with all
insufficient consideration and in many instances it is products in the aggregate block range and may also be
left to site operatives to decide on the specification. used with other types of masonry. They may be used
Mortar forms an integral part of the wall, comprising throughout the United Kingdom for the construction of
between 6 and 18% of the total wall volume when internal and external loadbearing and non-loadbearing
general purpose mortar is being used. It is important, walls.
therefore, that the appropriate specification is
The use of mortar mixes other than those listed above
determined at the design stage.
may cause difficulties during construction and may lead
General purpose mortar to defects after completion.
The nominal thickness of general purpose mortar, in
Application notes for general purpose mortar
both horizontal and vertical joints, is normally taken to
Cement-rich mortar specifications are non-resilient and
be 10mm, exclusive of any key in the jointing surface of
subject to high shrinkage. They are, therefore, less able
the masonry units.
to accommodate movement and may cause cracking in
Specification of general purpose mortar completed walls.
When specifying general purpose mortar, the following
It is important that the sand should be well graded and
details of the project should be taken into account:
comply with BS EN 13139, and that the water should
the type of masonry unit to be used come from a clean supply.
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Sitework
Internal finishes
Plastering
The selection and application of plasters should be in Cement, or cement and lime based plasters are normally
accordance with BS 5492: Code of practice internal limited to the undercoat for general two coat plaster
plastering and BS 8000: Part 10: Code of practice for work as it is often difficult to obtain a very smooth finish
plastering and rendering. with mixes containing sand. This being the case, the
final coat is normally a gypsum or lightweight plaster
In general there are five different groups of
mix compatible with a cement based undercoat.
plastering mixes:
For general purpose work, the mix for the undercoat is
a) Mixes based on cement, or cement and lime.
the same as that given for designation (iii) in table 13
b) Lightweight cement plasters.
of BS 5628: Part 3 (reproduced as Table 25, overleaf)
c) Premixed gypsum plasters.
for rendering mixes. The overall thickness of two-coats
d) Premixed lightweight gypsum plasters.
in cement-based or gypsum plaster on masonry should
e) Mixes based on gypsum plasters gauged with lime.
be nominally 13mm.
The mixes and application of lightweight and gypsum
Table 23 below, gives guidance on the compatibility
based plasters should be in accordance with the
of background, undercoat and finish for general
manufacturers instructions.
purpose work.
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Sitework
External finishes
Rendering
Render can be applied to any type of aggregate block A render normally comprises of at least two layers,
walling in order to provide a specific appearance, namely, an undercoat and a final coat. Metal lathing,
enhance weather protection in exposed situations, and sometimes used in severe exposure conditions or on
increase the performance of a wall with respect to weak backgrounds, should have two undercoats.
sound transmission. Where improved resistance to rain penetration is
Choice of mix desired, two undercoats should be used. Normally
The choice of render mix will depend on the appearance undercoats are between 8-12mm thick with the final
desired, exposure conditions, nature of the background coat approximately 6mm thick. Overall, the rendering
and the functional requirements. Experience has shown thickness should not be less than 20mm for three coats
that a porous render not stronger than that required for work and 16mm for two coat work.
adequate durability and with an open or rough textured Suction
finish is likely to give the best results in the majority of The suction and key of the background are important
circumstances. Problems can occur with mixes that are factors in determining the mixes to be used. Standard
too strong. Successive render coats should be specified lightweight blocks i.e. Fenlite, Superlite, Ultralite and
as being no stronger than the previous coat or Evalite are medium suction and generally provide
background, and no thicker than the previous coat, adequate surface key to allow direct application of the
except in the case of a single coat (refer to specialist undercoat. An assessment should be made in case a
manufacturers for guidance and specifications). pre-treatment is necessary for unusually smooth blocks.
Movement joints Facing blocks and Evalast blocks have low suctions and
If a movement joint exists in the background material a relatively poor keying properties. It is therefore
coincident straight joint should be formed in the render. recommended that the joints are raked backed squarely
This may be formed with proprietary metal stop beads, 10mm to12mm deep and a spatterdash, stipple or
with the resulting gap sealed with a suitable joint adhesive slurry is then applied to the surface. In the
sealant. Where render is to be continuous across case of the adhesive slurry it is essential that the
dissimilar background material, any differential rendering undercoat is applied straightaway whilst the
movement at the junction should be accommodated by slurry is wet, otherwise it will form an effective
forming a straight joint in the render, which is debonding layer.
subsequently sealed, or placing metal lathing not less Tables 24 and 25 give general information on mixes
than 300mm wide, with an isolating membrane suitable for render and specification for various finishes,
across the junction and embedded in the undercoat of in moderate and sheltered exposure.
the render.
Further information on external rendering can be
Undercoat
obtained by reference to BS EN 13914: Code of
Prior to the application of the render, the background
Practice for External Rendering, together with BS 8000:
should be sound and assessed for its suitability to
Part 10 Workmanship on Building Sites, Code of
receive direct application of the undercoat.
Practice for Plastering and Rendering.
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Painting
Hansons Paint Grade blocks provide excellent base for deep penetration of the paint and good adhesion, but is
paint. Paints may be obtained which add variety of is slow and there may be a tendency for brush marks to
colour and texture to walls, as well as improving the show. Spray painting is quickest and is more economical
weathering of external walls. Proper application of paint in paint consumption. Paint for use on blockwork should
is important and attention should be given to the be vapour permeable and in all cases comply with the
manufacturers recommendations. Code of practice for manufacturers recommendations.
the painting of buildings is given in BS 6150, and
Wall tiling
BS 8000 Part 12: Code of Practice for Painting, but
For bonding tiles directly on to concrete blockwork, an
two important points are worth mentioning here:
appropriate adhesive should be used. If a cement/sand
1. Painting of blockwork surfaces should not commence levelling coat is used, the mix proportions should be 1:4.
until the walls are thoroughly dry and have been Before tiling is commenced, all blockwork walls should
cleaned to remove all dust, dirt and mortar dabs. Where be allowed to dry to a level recommended by the tiling
efflorescence occurs, it should be removed with a stiff manufacturer. Movement joints in the tiles should be
brush prior to application of the paint. provided to coincide with the control joints in the
2. Some paints are liable to be chemically attacked by blockwork and at any other locations recommended by
the alkali present in concrete products. In such cases, the tiling manufacturer. For more detailed information,
the blockwork should be first treated with primer which please consult BS 8000: Part 11, Code of Practice for
neutralises the alkali on the surface. Paints may be Wall and Floor Tiling.
applied by brush or spray. Application by brush ensures
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4 Other information
Sales and technical advice 74-75
Quality 76
Other information
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Sub head
Other information
As a result of continuous investment, we are able to Packs can be easily unloaded and moved using normal
ensure that a team of customer service staff are able to block grabs, thereby saving on pallet costs. Pallets can
offer a fast response time to enquiries. be supplied on request.
Wherever you are, the Hanson Customer Sales centre The blocks are clearly marked with the product
can be reached by simply dialling the numbers shown description, leading to improved security and
below. Your call will be answered by one of our management of materials.
specialist team members who are able to offer a range Site storage
of services: Hanson recommends that the blocks packs are stacked
Product information on firm, level ground.
Quotations
Orders
Distribution facilities
Stockist information
Deliveries
Orders for our products can be placed with leading
Builders Merchants throughout the United Kingdom for
delivery direct to site by our team of dedicated
professional drivers.
Please contact Customer Sales Centre on: Our website allows you to access information
on products, applications and performance quickly and
Tel: 08450 762100 easily. This includes the latest on Building Regulations and
relevant technical advice.
Fax: 01235 437391
email: blocks@hanson.biz www.hanson.biz/uk
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Product Services
Hansons Product Services department provides
technical advice and is staffed by a qualified team with
specialist knowledge of all products and their
application. The service provides help with the
interpretation of Building Regulations and methods of
compliance using specially developed software
programmes. These are updated when necessary, to
keep abreast of changes to British and European
Standards, Codes of Practice and Building Regulations.
Thermal calculations
As a result of the continual drive to conserve fuel and
power, Hanson offers cost-effective solutions to enable
compliance with the requirements.
Energy ratings
Specialist advice can be given on the Standard
Assessment Procedure (SAP) only when Hansons
products are used to comply with the Building
Regulations.
Sound insulation assessments
The provision of recommendations on sound insulation
for all buildings when Hansons blocks are used to
comply with the Building Regulations.
Accommodation of movement in masonry
Hanson offers a service to detail the type and location
of movement joints and/or bed joint reinforcement in
concrete block masonry walls to comply with the
Building Regulations.
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Other information
Quality
0640
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Continual refinement of Hansons range means that information in this brochure may
become outdated.
Please check with Hansons Customer Sales Centre on 08450 762100 for product availability.
All products are manufactured using the finest quality aggregates, however, we would draw your
attention to certain features that are intrinsic to all concrete products.
Colour:
As natural and pyro-processed materials are used, some colour and shade variations should be expected together
with the effects of weathering. The colours shown in this brochure are produced with the limitations of the
photography and the printing process and are intended as a guide only. It is therefore advisable that several sample
units are examined to verify actual colour and texture required.
Dimensions:
Product sizes shown are nominal.
Efflorescence:
Introduction
The term efflorescence is often used to describe white deposits or stains on building materials. It is a general term
covering a number of different deposits varying significantly in chemical composition and method of formation.
On concrete, efflorescence normally takes the form of either lime bloom, lime weeping or crystallisation of
soluble salts.
Lime bloom
Lime bloom, the most common phenomenon, tends to be spasmodic and unpredictable. It is formed when calcium
hydroxide (a product of the cement setting and hardening process) migrates through damp concrete to the surface
and there reacts with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere producing a surface deposit of calcium carbonate
crystals - the white patches on the blockwork surface.
It often occurs when the concrete masonry becomes wet and remains damp for several days, after which it is then
allowed to dry out. Excessive wetting of the masonry before, during or after construction, together with inadequate
protection and poor design detailing, are prime factors in increasing the risk of lime bloom appearing. Since lime
bloom normally occurs soon after manufacture or construction of the masonry, allowing the units to dry prior to
laying and protecting the finished masonry during and after construction will reduce the risk.
Lime bloom is a temporary effect and given time, usually disappears of its own accord (depending on the conditions
to which the masonry is subjected). If immediate removal is required, it is essential that the masonry is relatively dry,
at which point dry brushing can be attempted. If this proves unsuccessful, washing with diluted acid or an equivalent
proprietary acid based cleaner often gives the desired result.
Use of acids
Acids can be hazardous and appropriate safety precautions must be taken. Over-application of acids can alter the
texture and the concentration should be adjusted to suit the individual circumstance. Prior to application of the acid,
the surface should be dampened to kill the initial suction. After the application it is normal to give the masonry a last
wash with clean water. When carrying out this procedure always start with a trial on an inconspicuous area to
determine the acid concentration and number of applications required to give the desired effect.
Lime bloom (efflorescence) is purely superficial and does not affect the durability or strength of the blocks.
Weathering:
The effect of the elements will have a mellowing effect on most external products, the rates vary dependent upon
the degree of exposure.
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Other information
Bricks
An extensive range of facing bricks in over 300 different colours and textures. Within this diverse range
theres something to suit every building project, from the most innovative architectural concept, to an individual
self-build scheme.
Aggregates
Hanson Aggregates has more than 400 operations from Falmouth to the Shetlands. Core products include crushed
rock, construction sand and gravel, asphalt and Premix concrete and mortar. Special products include rail ballast,
agricultural and burnt lime, graded sands for play pits, golf bunkers and horticulture, industrial sands for glass
making, Redgras sports surfacing, armour stone, granite paving, natural stone from Bath and the Cotswolds and
recycled aggregates. Complemented by an existing ready-to-use wet product, Hanson dry silo mortar (DSM) offers
complete mortar solutions to meet individual customer requirements.
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please contact:
Email: info@hansonbp.com
Web: www.hanson.biz/uk
Disclaimer
All product and technical information contained in
this brochure is considered correct at the time of
publication.
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Uniclass L32232: P2
Aggregate Blocks CI/SfB Ff2
February 2007
technical manual
Customer Services:
aggregate blocks
T 08450 762100 F 01235 437391
E blocks@hanson.biz www.hanson.biz/uk
Hanson Building Products
aggregate blocks
Head Office
Stewartby
Bedford
MK43 9LZ
technical manual