DEPENDENT EVENTS EXAMPLES:

If there are 10 girls and 8 boys in a class, and two students will be chosen one after another for debate
competition then find the probability that both are boys.

Solution:

Probability of boy1 and boy2 = P(boy1)PP(boy1)P (boy2boy1)(boy2boy1)

P(boy1 and boy2) = 818818 717717 = 2815328153

When first boy is chosen, probability will be for choosing from 8 favorable events from a sample space of
18.

When the second boy is chosen, favorable events become 7 and sample space is of 17.

From a deck of 52 cards what is the probability of choosing two kings?

Solution:

Probability of getting first king = 452452 = 113113

Probability of getting second king = 351351

Probability of getting both kings = 3135131351 = 1221

2 out of 5 bulbs bought in a house are defective. if two bulbs are tested, then find the probability that both
are defective.

Solution:

Probability of first bulb being defective = 2525

Probability of second bulb being defective when first has already been defective = 1414

Probability of both the bulb being defective = 2525 1414 = 110

INDEPENDENT EVENTS
A school
survey
found that
9 out of
10
students
like pizza.
If three
students
are
chosen at
random
with
replaceme
nt, what is
the
probability
that all
three
students
like pizza?

Probabiliti 9
es: P(student 1 likes pizza)
=10

9
P(student 2 likes pizza)
=10

9
P(student 3 likes pizza)
=10

72
P(student 1 and student 2 and 9 9 9 9
student 3 like pizza) =1 1 1 =10
0 0 0 00

All of the experiments above involved independent events with a small

population (e.g. A 6-sided die, a 2-sided coin, a deck of 52 cards). When a small
number of items are selected from a large population without replacement, the
probability of each event changes so slightly that the amount of change is
negligible. This is illustrated in the following problem.

Problem A nationwide survey found that 72% of people in

: the United States like pizza. If 3 people are selected
at random, what is the probability that all three like
pizza?

Solution Let L represent the event of randomly choosing a

: person who likes pizza from the U.S.

P(L) P(L) P(L) = (0.72)(0.72)(0.72) = 0.37 =

37%

In the next lesson, we will address how to handle non-replacement in a small

population.

Summary The probability of two or more independent events occurring in

: sequence can be found by computing the probability of each event
separately, and then multiplying the results together.