Top Sciencie 6 Santi

Top Science 6 PRIMARY
TEACHERS
RESOURCE BOOK
Introduction
Top Science 6 Teachers Resource Book provides a range of materials
designed to complement the Students Book and the Teachers Book.
These materials contribute to the flexible nature of Top Science: students
in the same class can be given worksheets at different levels, or weaker
students can complete the tasks with stronger peers. Teachers with more
contact hours can make use of these photocopiable materials
as and when they need them.
There are three categories of worksheets: reinforcement, extension,
and assessment. Use them for revision purposes, for extension
practice, as progress tests, assessment, or for homework.
The worksheets can be photocopied and filed in a folder.
Reinforcement and extension worksheets
There are forty-eight reinforcement worksheets. These materials

constitute a flexible tool: they can be worked on after the relevant
section in the Students Book, before the Activities sections, or as extra
preparation for the unit assessment. The answer keys are provided.
There are fifteen double-page extension worksheets, one for each unit
of the Students Book. These worksheets can be used for fast
finishers or to extend class work. Depending on their level, students
can complete the worksheets with or without consulting their Students
Book or other sources. The answer keys are provided.
26 Technical advances and society ReinfoRcement 14 The Mayan civilisation EXTENSION
Name Date Name Date
The Mayan civilisation appeared about two

thousand years ago in the Yucatan peninsula
Remember and the lowlands of present-day Mexico,
Technical advances have shaped society in areas such as work, transport, health, Guatemala and Honduras.
communication and leisure.
The Mayans lived in city-states governed
by asupreme chief who lived in Mayapan.
Their society was organised into four groups:
nobles, priests, peasants and slaves.
1 Complete the sentences.
Most of the people worked in the fields.
A They grew corn, cacao, beans, tomatoes,
A is . B is . pumpkins, spices and other plants.
The Mayans had an amazing knowledge
We use them to ofastronomy and mathematics. For example,
B they knew about the concept of zero, and used
The difference between A and B is two calendars: lunar and solar. They were
also great architects and sculptors.
Their pyramid temples, altars and stelae
(sculpted monuments) are especially famous.
The Mayans believed in many gods, but
themost important was the god of rain, as crop fertility depended on it.
C Their favourite game was played with a ball. The object of the game was to pass the ball
C is . D is . through a stone hoop. There were two teams and the players were not allowed to touch
the ball with their hands.
We use them to
D The difference between C and D is 1 Read the text and answer the questions.
Mayan society
Where did the Mayans live?
Where did the rulers live?

E E is . F is . How was their society organised?
We use them to What kind of work did most people do?
The difference between E and F is What did they build?

F
Who was their most important god?
What was their favourite sport?
34 Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L. 84 Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L.
II
Diagnostic tests
There are five double-page diagnostic tests. They are to be completed

at the start of the school year to give an indication of the students
basic level of Science and English. The answer keys are provided.
3 The relief of Spain DIAGNOSTIC TEST

3
3 Write the name of the two archipelagos that are part of Spain.
Name Date
1 Label the most important relief features on the map.

4 Label the main Spanish rivers on the map.
__________ Sea
N
N Cantabrian Sea
W E
W E
S
________
AT L A N T I C
OCEAN OCEAN
Mediterranean
_____________
Sea
Scale
Sea
AT L A N T I C O C E A N
0 140
Ceuta
Kilometres
________ OCEAN
Scale
Melilla
0 111
189736 Diagnostic Test 6 p2 h1_Espaa hidrografia

Kilometres
Now, write the names of 189736 Diagnostic

and seasTest 6 p1 h1_Espaa
place. fisico
Colour the rivers: red Atlantic watershed, blue Mediterranean watershed, green Cantabrian
the oceans in the correct watershed.
2 Complete the word map on Spanish coasts. 5 Look at the map and answer the questions.
What climate is found in the shaded

SpANiSh CoAStS N
area?
W E
C S
What are the temperatures like?
areas areas
Andalusia What is precipitation like?
What is the vegetation like?

Ceuta and Melilla
106 Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L.
189736_DiagnosticTest6_p2_h2
Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L. 107
Individual results chart
The individual results chart indicates areas in which a student has

achieved acceptable competence and highlights areas which require
additional practice.
Individual results chart IndIvIduAL RESuLTS CHART
name date
Yes NR* Comments Yes NR* Comments
Living things and the environment Population and the economy of Spain
use some concepts related to

Identify the parts of a cell. population and the economy.
Identify some of the characteristics understand how population is

of living things. distributed inSpain.
Recognise the five levels of organisation. Identify some of the main activities in
the three economic sectors in Spain
Identify two types of plant reproduction.
describe the distribution of the Spanish
population by economic sector.
describe what an ecosystem is.
Analyse and interpret pie charts
Identify environmental problems and
solutions.
Changes across time
Forces and movement Know the three ages of Prehistory and
their characteristics.
Recognise the effects of forces on
movement.
name the people who inhabited the
Identify the forces involved in various Iberian Peninsula in antiquity.
types of movement.
describe the Roman conquest of the
Identify different types of simple
Iberian Peninsula and describe the
machines.
territorial organisation of Roman Spain.
The relief of Spain Identify some of the main
characteristics of the visigoth kingdom.
Identify the main relief features
of Spain.
Identify essential facts of the Moorish
occupation of the peninsula during the
Identify Spanish coasts.
Middle Ages.
Recognise the climates of Spain. Identify the Christian kingdoms up to

1492.
name and locate the main rivers and
watersheds in Spain. describe the differences between
Romanesque and Gothic buildings.
Interpret maps using conventional
symbols.
NP: needs needs reinforcement.
112 Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L. Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L. 113
III
Assessment worksheets
There is one double-page unit assessment worksheet and one
multiple-choice test for each unit. In addition, there are three double-
page term assessments and three term tests. There is one double-
page final assessment and one three-page final test.
6 Electricity and magnetism ASSESSmEnt

6
6 Read the definition and write the word.

Name Date
Organised movement of electrical charges through material.
A magnetic instrument that shows directions.

Materials that do not conduct electrical current.
All objects have and electrical charges. If an object has
more positive charges than negative charges, it is charged. If it has more
7 Name three types of energy produced by electrical current.
negative charges than positive charges, it is charged. Objects with the same
charge . Objects with different charges .
8 Label the components of this electrical circuit.

2 Look at the pictures and explain what changes are taking place.
A B C
9 Explain the function of each element in an electrical circuit.

3 Explain the diagram. Describe the action of the forces.
generator
+ cables
4 What is an electromagnet? Answer. switch
10 Look at this electrical circuit. Will the light bulb turn on? Why or why not?
5 Will these magnets attract or repel each other? Why?
Term assessment worksheets

Activities include labelling illustrations and diagrams, filling in the blanks,
matching, True/False, wordsearches, and many more activities.
2 TERM ASSESSMENT
2
7 Explain what a motor does. What are the main types?

Name Date
1 Write what happens in each case.
When two objects are positively charged, they
When two objects are negatively charged, they

8 Look at the picture. What type of mechanism is it? Explain draw arrows to indicate
When one object is positively charged and the other is negatively charged, they which direction the smaller wheels turn.
2 Explain what electrical current is and the effects it can produce.
9 Label the globe. Write equator, meridian and parallel.
3 List seven types of energy.

A
4 Write an example for each type of material.

Describe the location of point A. Circle the correct word.
conductors Its latitude isnorth / south. Its longitude is east / west.
insulators 189736Ter_a2_p2_h1_esfera
5 Identify the type of power plant. 10 Look at the map. Write the number that corresponds to each geographical feature.
It uses the mechanical energy of falling water. Carpathian Mountains
It uses the chemical energy stored in fuel. 7 Central Massif
6
It uses the mechanical energy of the wind. Ural Mountains
4 Cape St. Vincent

6 Look at the picture. Is this machine mechanical, thermal or does it manage information? 1 River Vistula
Give reasons for your answer. 2 8 3 River Volga
5 River Danube
Crimean Peninsula
Write the name of three European islands.
189736Ter_a2_p2_h2
IV
Unit test worksheets
All the unit tests have ten multiple-choice questions. These worksheets
test the basic concepts of the unit. These can be completed after the
unit assesment worksheets, or used as quick revision activities.
Nutrition I TEST 1
Name Date
Circle the correct option.
1. The systems involved in nutrition are... 6. The first stage of the digestive process
a. the digestive, respiratory, excretory is
and circulatory systems. a. digestion.
b. the mouth, the stomach, the large b. nutrition.
intestine and the small intestine.
c. absorption.
c. blood and oxygen.
7. The elimination of waste is carried out
2. The nutrients necessary to grow and repair by the
our bodies are
a. excretory system.
a. vitamins.
b. respiratory system.
b. lipids.
c. digestive system.
c. proteins.
8. Gastric juices are produced in the
3. Helper glands produce
a. stomach.
a. food.
b. oesophagus.
b. digestive juices.
c. small intestine.
c. gastric juices.
9. Fruit is rich in
4. The process in which nutrients pass from
a. carbohydrates, proteins and fibre.
the digestive tube to the blood is called
b. fibre, vitamins, minerals and
a. digestion. carbohydrates.
b. absorption. c. fats, proteins and vitamins.
c. elimination of waste.
10. The liver produces
5. Fibre is a a. saliva.
a. nutrient from animal sources. b. pancreatic juice.
b. component of food from vegetable c. bile.
sources.
c. component of proteins.
Other resources
Top Science 6 Activity Book
The Activity Book is designed to provide further practice for both the
content and language objectives of the course and to encourage learner
autonomy. Each unit contains full-colour illustrations and diagrams, and
six to eight pages of graded activities.
At the end of the Activity Book,

there Top
areScience 6
two Lets do it! and two Top Science 6 PRIMARY
Activity Book
ISBN 978-84-680-0196-8
PRIMARY
9 788468 00196 8
STUDENTS MATERIAL
Read and do! pages per term.

Top Science 6 PRIMARY Top Science 6 PRIMARY
Activity Book
In addition, there are instructions

for students to create and play a
Students Book Activity Book
board game, Ticket to travel, which

TEACHERS MATERIAL
enables them to revise content

Top Science 6 PRIMARY Top Science 6 PRIMARY
Teachers Resource Book
Teachers Book
interactively. Class Audio CD
Teachers Book Teachers Resource Book
DIGITAL MATERIAL ALSO AVAILABLE
Top Science 6 Teacher's Resource Digital Flashcards, Posters

and Web bank
Teachers Resources
Science Posters
Science Tasks Booklet
Language Companion CD-ROM
and Maps
Book: Annex i-book

Interactive Whiteboard
Activities
Two worksheets, Nutrition

and Map of Europe, enable
www.richmondelt.com www.santillana.es
students to apply basic science

and geography concepts.
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V
Digital resources
i-solutions Top Science 6 PRIMARY
T o p Scien ce i-s o lut io n s
i-solutions
8 431300 120 655

Top Science 6 offers 4 CDs designed to bring digital
Top Science i-solutions is a box set containing four
CDs which offer digital components for the CLIL
Science classroom.
Top Science i-solutions has these components:
CD 1 Digital ashcards
resources to the classroom. These CDs provide materials

Digital posters
Web bank
CD 2 Teachers Resources and Maps
CD 3 i-book
CD 4 Interactive Whiteboard Activities
for interactive whiteboard presentations and practice,

Minimum requirements and instructions:
See readmetxt le in each CD.
6
PRIMARY
hands-on experiments and computer work for students.
CD 1
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Digital Flashcards, Posters and Web bank 305678_CD.indd 1 18/01/11 13:29
The flashcard bank has over 200 images which can be

projected onto an interactive whiteboard or printed and
used as conventional flashcards. Each image offers the
option of listening to the audio and viewing the written Top Science 6 PRIMARY
CD 1
CD 2
word.
8 431300 129 481

The digital posters can be printed when required. Digital Flashcards
Digital Posters
Web Bank
The Web bank includes some of the best, free web 2

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links for teaching Science, Geography and History.

These links provide access to valuable resources 318547_CD.indd 1 11/07/11 19:32
to help with lesson planning as well as ways to

personalise classes and cater to students need.
CD 2
CD 2
CD 2
Teachers Resource Book and Maps
8 431300 1 20 631
Teachers Resources
and Maps
This CD contains the digital version of the Teachers

Resource Book in PDF format. The worksheets can be 2
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Pub lishing - Santillana Educ
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, S.L.
printed for individual use, or projected onto an interactive

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whiteboard for group activities. In addition, this CD

provides blank and completed physical and political maps
of the world, Europe and Spain.
CD 3
CD 2
CD 3
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i-book i-book
The i-book provides the core course material of the 2

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Teachers Book and the Students Book in interactive 305667_CD.indd 1 18/01/11 13:28
format. It can be used in the classroom or for class

planning.
CD 4
CD 4
CD 2
Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) Activities

There are five interactive activities per unit on this CD.
8 4313 00 120 624
IWB Activities
These can be used to help reinforce the main concepts

ofeach unit in a different and fun way.
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VI
Contents
Worksheets
REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS
Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Individual results chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Unit assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Unit tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Term assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Term tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Final assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Final test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Annex
Nutrition worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Map of Europe worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Answer keys
REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS
Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Unit assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Term assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Reinforcement worksheets
1 Nutrition and health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 25 Operating parts and mechanisms . . . . . . . . . 33
2 The digestive process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 26 Technical advances and society . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3 Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 27 The Earth and maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4 The circulatory system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 28 Relief map of the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5 Blood circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 29 Political map of the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
6 Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 30 European coasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7 The nervous system and movement . . . . . . . . 15 31 European climates and vegetation . . . . . . . . . 39
8 Internal co-ordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 32 European rivers and lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
9 Sexual characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 33 The population of Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
10 Sex cells and fertilisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 34 The European economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
11 Pregnancy and birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 35 The European Union today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
12 Health and illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 36 The institutions of the European Union . . . . . 44
13 Health risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 37 The achievements of the European Union . . . . 45
14 Infectious diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 38 Prehistory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
15 Treatment of illness and disease . . . . . . . . . . 23 39 The Age of Antiquity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
16 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 40 The Middle Ages on the Iberian Peninsula . . . 48
17 Magnets and magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 41 The discovery of America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
18 Electrical circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 42 The Spanish Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
19 The properties of energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 43 The fragmentation of the Spanish Empire . . . 51
20 Heat and temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 44 Society and culture in the Modern Age . . . . . 52
21 Producing electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 45 The 19th century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
22 Energy in our society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 46 Life in the 19th century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
23 Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 47 From Primo de Rivera to Franco . . . . . . . . . . . 55
24 Inside a machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 48 Transition and democracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
1 Nutrition and health Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Food contains the nutrients that our bodies need.
The main nutrients are:
carbohydrates, which supply energy;
fats or lipids, which also supply energy;
proteins, which are necessary to grow and repair our bodies;
vitamins and minerals, which are necessary for a healthy body.
The process of obtaining nutrients from food is called digestion.
1 Write one sentence with each group of words.
digestion nutrients
energy fats
2 Complete the text.
We need for all the activities we do. We obtain
it from and from .
are necessary to grow and repair our bodies. Fruits and vegetables
are good sources of and . This process
of obtaining from food for our bodies to use is called .
3 Match the foods to the nutrients.

A B
Proteins Carbohydrates
C D
Vitamins Fats
2 The digestive process Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The digestive process takes place in the digestive system. There are three stages:
Digestion. It begins in the mouth. The food is crushed, mixed with saliva and swallowed. Now,
it is called bolus. The bolus passes through the pharynx and the oesophagus into the
stomach. There, it is mixed with gastric juices to form chyme.
Absorption. This occurs in the small intestine. The nutrients pass into the blood.
Elimination of waste. The waste moves into the large intestine and is transformed into faeces.
Then the faeces are excreted through the anus.
1 Complete the word map.

In this stage,
Digestion
In this stage,
The digestive process

has three stages:

In this stage,

2 Answer the questions.
Where does absorption occur?

What are faeces? Where is waste transformed into faeces?
The digestive process takes place in the . There are three stages
in the digestive process: , , and of waste.
3 Respiration Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Respiration is the process by which our body obtains oxygen from the air and expels carbon
dioxide. This process is carried out by the respiratory system.
The respiratory system consists of the air passageways and the lungs.
There are two breathing movements: inhalation and exhalation.
1 Write the names of the organs. Explain their function during respiration.
2 Look at the illustrations and circle the correct words.
A B
The boy is inhaling / exhaling. The boy is inhaling / exhaling.

The lungs expand / contract. The lungs expand / contract.
4 The circulatory system Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The circulatory system is made up of:
Blood, which is a red liquid that reaches all the cells in our body and transports nutrients,
oxygen, carbon dioxide and waste.
Blood vessels, which circulate the blood. There are three types:
arteries, which carry blood away from the heart to other organs;
veins, which carry blood back to the heart;
capillaries, which connect arteries to veins.
The heart, which pumps blood around the body.
is a red liquid that transports , ,
and in our body.

The pumps blood around the body using the circulatory system.
carry blood from the heart to other .
connect to , which carry blood to the heart.
2 Label the illustration with these words.
heart artery

capillaries vein

3 Look at the illustration and answer.
If you prick your finger, what would bleed more, an artery or a vein? Why?
5 Blood circulation Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Blood moves through the circulatory system in a closed circuit. There are two circuits:
Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood between the heart and the lungs. Blood
leaves the heart through the pulmonary arteries. The oxygenated blood returns to the heart
through the pulmonary veins.
Systemic circulation is the movement of blood between the heart and the rest of the body.
Blood leaves the heart through the aorta and returns to the heart through the vena cava.
1 Match.
Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation
between the heart between the heart

and the rest of the body and the lungs
Now, look at the illustration. What circuit is shown? Explain.
2 Cross out the errors. Then write the sentences correctly.
In systemic circulation, oxygenated blood returns to the lungs through the vena cava.
In pulmonary circulation, blood returns to the heart through the aorta.
6 Sensitivity Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Through sensitivity we respond to changes in the external environment.
The sense organs capture information. The brain receives the information through the nerves
and decides how to respond. Then, the muscles receive orders from the brain and make the
body move.
1 Draw the sense organ that we use to
see smell

hear taste

2 Look at the illustrations. Explain the function of sensitivity in each case.
7 The nervous system and movement Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The nervous system is formed by the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous
system. The central nervous system has two parts: the brain and the spinal cord. The
peripheral nervous system is formed by the nerves.
Voluntary movements are those that we choose to make consciously.
Reflex movements happen automatically, without a conscious order from the brain.
1 Look at the illustrations of voluntary movement and complete the sentences.
1. The boy captures the information with his .
2. The carry the information to the .
3.The decides to kick the ball, and orders
the in the leg to contract.
4.The carry the information to the in the leg.
5. The in the leg contract, and the
boy .
2 Look at the illustrations of a reflex movement and complete.
1. The girl captures the information through her sense of .
2. The carry the information.
3. The orders an immediate response.
4. The carry the information to the

in her arm.
5. The muscles contract and the girl .
3 Match.
Spinal cord Reflex movements

Brain Voluntary movements

8 Internal co-ordination Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Internal co-ordination involves the nervous system, the involuntary muscles and the endocrine
system.
Many functions of our body are carried out by the involuntary muscles. They function
independently of our will, and we are not conscious of them and cannot control them.
The endocrine system is formed by the endocrine glands (pituitary gland, thyroid gland,
pancreas, ovaries and testicles). These glands produce hormones, which help control growth
and reproduction.
1 Small muscles in our skin cause goose bumps when they contract. Are these muscles voluntary
orinvoluntary? Explain.
2 Name the glands in the endocrine system. What substance do endocrine glands produce?
3 Tick the processes which involve internal co-ordination.
Our temperature is kept constant. We run to get to class on time.

Saliva is produced when we look at food we like.
The nervous system uses the muscles and the system
to carry out internal co-ordination.

The endocrine system controls the functions of and .
If our muscles stopped working, the would stop beating,
our lungs would not be able to absorb and we would die.
9 Sexual characteristics Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The male and female reproductive systems are the primary sexual characteristic.
They are formed by the genitals, which are the organs that carry out reproduction.
The female sex organs include the ovaries and uterus.
The male sex organs include the testicles and the penis.
1 Label the diagrams.

The reproductive system
Fallopian tube vagina vulva uterus ovary

The reproductive system
vas deferens urethra testicle seminal vesicle prostate penis scrotum

10 Sex cells and fertilisation Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The ovaries produce female sex cells called ovules.
The testicles produce male sex cells called spermatozoa or sperm cells.
Fertilisation occurs in the Fallopian tubes. Fertilisation is the union of an ovule and a sperm to
form a zygote. The zygote is the first cell of a new being. It divides many times to form an embryo.
1 Look at the illustration and answer.
A B
Which part of the illustration represents the female sex cell?
What is the name of the female sex cell?
Which part represents the male sex cell?
What is the name of the male sex cell?
2 Match.
sperm menstruation

ovule semen

3 Order the stages in which an embryo develops. Write a number from 1 to 6.

a. Every 28 days, an ovule is released by an ovary.
b. The zygote divides many times to form an embryo.
c. Fertilisation results in a zygote.
d. The embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus.
e. Fertilisation happens in the Fallopian tube.
f. The ovule travels down the Fallopian tube.
11 Pregnancy and birth Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Pregnancy is the period between fertilisation and the birth of the baby.
Birth is the moment when the baby exits the mothers body through the vagina.
1 Look at the illustration. Read the definition and write the correct word.
uterus placenta
umbilical
cord
amniotic
fluid
fetus
An elastic, hollow organ where a baby grows during pregnancy.

A type of tube that joins the embryo to the placenta.
It transports nutrients and oxygen.
A liquid that protects the embryo.
The name the embryo receives after about three months.
An organ formed in the uterus during pregnancy through which
the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen.
2 Match.
Dilation stage The opening to the uterus gradually gets wider.

Afterbirth The expulsion of the placenta takes place.

Expulsion stage The baby exits the mothers body through the vagina.

12 Health and illness Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being. When a person does not feel well
in one of these aspects, it can lead to illness.
Diseases can be classified as infectious or non-infectious according to their origin.
1 Define the words.

health

illness
2 "Health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being." Explain what this sentence means
and give examples.
how quickly they appear,

and how long they last.
Types of diseases
their origin.
are classified by
how many people are affected.
13 Health risks Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Alcohol, tobacco, drugs and traffic accidents are factors that present risks to our health.
1 Look at the illustration. Explain the possible effects of tobacco use.

mouth, pharynx
stroke and larynx cancer
wrinkles
and blotches dental problems
on the skin oesophagus
cancer
respiratory
disease heart
problems
lung cancer
gastritis
premature and ulcers
babies
2 Name two ways to avoid traffic accidents. Describe some of their consequences.
3 What is alcoholism? Explain the effects of alcohol abuse on a persons health.
14 Infectious diseases Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Infectious diseases can be caused by bacteria, fungi, protozoans or viruses.
Good levels of hygiene can prevent many infectious diseases.
1 What is an infectious disease? Describe four causes and explain ways to stop transmission.
2 Match the infectious agent to the disease it causes.
bacteria athletes foot

fungi malaria

virus measles

protozoans pneumonia

3 What is a contagious disease? Explain and give an example.
4 Should you drink water from a river or stream even if it looks clean? Think and answer.
15 Treatment of illness and disease Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Sometimes illness and disease can be treated with medicines such as vaccines and antibiotics.
Some cases require surgery or an organ transplant.
1 Name four ways to cure or prevent illness and disease.
are medicines that protect people from developing an infectious disease.
are medicines that are very effective in fighting bacterial infections.
Some illnesses or bone fractures cannot be cured with medicines. They require
or an .
3 Explain why people do not get measles if they have been vaccinated.
4 Name three organs that can be transplanted.

16 Electricity Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Objects can have positive and negative electrical charges. Objects with the same charge
repel. Objects with a different charge attract.
Electrical current is the organised movement of electrical charge through material.
Electrical energy can be transformed into other forms of energy such as light, heat and
movement.
There are electrical charges and electrical charges.
If two objects have the same charge, they . If one object is negatively charged
and the other is positively charged, they .
is produced when electrical charges move through material.
Electrical energy can be transformed into ,
and .
2 Look at the diagrams. Explain what force each shows. A
1 1

B

1 2

3 Order the illustrations. Write 1 and 2. Then, explain why the pen attracts A
the pieces of paper.
B

17 Magnets and magnetism Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Magnets attract objects made of iron, steel and other metals.
Magnetism is the property that causes magnets to attract metallic objects.
All magnets have two magnetic poles: north pole and south pole. Poles of the same type
repel. Opposite poles attract.
Electromagnets behave like magnets when they are connected to electricity.
1 Read and write the correct word.
An object which can attract other objects made of metal.

The two zones of a magnet.
The property of magnets to attract metal objects.
A device that works like a magnet when it is connected to electricity.
2 Write attract or repel. Then explain why.
N S N S
The magnets will each other because

N S S N
The magnets will each other because

3 Look and write electromagnet or magnetic band.
A B
18 Electrical circuits Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
An electrical circuit is formed by a generator, cables, light bulbs or electric motors, a switch
and other elements. It is a closed path through which electrical current can flow.
A generator is the part of the electrical circuit that produces electrical current. There are various
types: disposable batteries, rechargeable batteries, photovoltaic cells, alternators and dynamos.
What happens in an electrical circuit?
What are the main elements in an electrical circuit?
What is the difference between a disposable battery and a rechargeable battery?
2 Label the components

of this electrical circuit.
3 Look at these circuits. Tick the closed circuit.
Explain what a closed circuit is. Refer to the diagram you ticked.
19 The properties of energy Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Energy causes changes to occur around us. There are different types of energy: mechanical,
sound, light, thermal or heat, electrical, chemical and nuclear.
Properties of energy: Energy can be transferred, stored, transported and transformed.
ENERGY
Types Properties

2 Read the sentences. Write the type of energy each one describes.
It is transported through the electrical current of a circuit.

It is stored in substances such as combustibles, food or inside batteries.
It is possessed by objects due to their movement.
It is found in substances such as uranium.
It is transmitted in the form of heat.
It is transported by sound.
It uses light.
20 Heat and temperature Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Heat is a form of energy which causes the temperature of objects to rise.
Heat causes objects to expand. Cold causes objects to contract.
When energy is transformed from one form to another, some energy is transformed into heat.
1 Order the sentences. Write 1, 2 or 3. Then copy them in the correct order.
a. ...and which raises the temperature of objects.

b. Heat is a form of energy which...
c. ...can be transmitted through certain materials...
2 Why is mercury used in thermometers? Tick the correct answer.
Because when mercury is cooled, its volume expands and it rises up into the tube.
Because when mercury is warmed, its volume expands and it rises up into the tube.
Explain the meaning of the words.
contraction
expansion
3 Will it be easier to remove a metal ring from your finger when

the weather is cold or when it is hot? Think and answer.
21 Producing electricity Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Power plants produce electricity.
The different types of power plants are: hydroelectric, wind, thermal, nuclear, solar thermal
and solar photovoltaic.
1 Complete the sentences. Use the words.
turbines electricity generator energy sources

The we use is produced in power plants.
Most power plants produce electrical current with a .
are used to turn generators or dynamos.

Power plants use different .
2 Look at the flow charts. Write the type of power plant.

Power plant
Mechanical energy turns electrical

from water a turbine current
Chemical energy from turns electrical

combustible fuel a turbine current
Mechanical energy turns electrical

from the wind a turbine current
The Sun shines on photovoltaic electrical

cells current
3 Match.
Televisions Power plants Power lines
produce electricity transport electricity use electricity
22 Energy in our society Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Most of the energy we use today comes from fossil fuels.
Using fossil fuels causes problems like depletion of resources, global warming and acid rain.
Nuclear energy creates radioactive waste which is dangerous for living things.
1 Circle six energy sources. Then classify them as renewable or non-renewable.

H C O U B S P D M B
Renewable
P C W F R Y D Y J H
E O O J O A E V L X
T A H D R K N R P V

R L Z Z O D W I N D
Non-renewable
O C E R T N U S U O
L C H G W W N E Y M
E T S U N L I G H T
U D V N H N O Y K G
M W O O D G D K K R
Which of these energy sources are fossil fuels?
2 Complete the table.
Problem Description Solution
Depletion of fossil fuels
Radioactive waste
Global warming
Acid rain
23 Machines Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Machines save us time and energy; they enable us to do work with precision; they make
itpossible to do dangerous tasks; they can convert one type of energy into another.
There are mechanical machines, thermal machines, and machines for communication
andinformation management.
1 Look at the illustrations. Circle the machine that is not mechanical.
Describe the machine you circled. What type is it? Why isnt it mechanical?
2 Match.
thermal a hammer

information management a cooker

mechanical a computer


Types of machines
Mechanical
They are used to They are used to They are used to

24 Inside a machine Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The basic parts of a machine are: the structure, the housing or cover, the motor, operating
parts and mechanisms, an electrical or electronic circuit, sensors and indicators or screens.
1 Read and write the name of each component.
It is the skeleton of the machine on which the other

components are built.
They transmit the movement of the motor to other parts
of the machine.
They give us information about how the machine is functioning.
They enable a machine to receive information from the outside.
It directs the energy to the motor and other parts.
It produces the movement of the machine.
It protects the machine.
2 Label the parts of this machine.
25 Operating parts and mechanisms Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Operating parts and mechanisms transmit movement or force from one part of a machine to
another.
Mechanisms are two or more operating parts that work together in a machine.
Gears are mechanisms that transmit movement. They fit together with teeth or cogs.
1 Circle seven types of operating parts. Then write the names.
S A T U c r a n k J
N R W I B N Z A O V

E W R O U B A I L E

T A a x l e J W U S
E B C A H L I C X P
M L K E L T W R U R

A S I R O T I A L I

O C W H E E L O W N
l e v e r I K U G G
2 Look at the gears. Circle the correct word.
The wheels will turn in the same / opposite direction.
The wheels will turn in the same / opposite direction.
C
The small wheel will turn faster / slower than the big wheel.
26 Technical advances and society Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Technical advances have shaped society in areas such as work, transport, health,
communication and leisure.
A
A is . B is .
We use them to
B
The difference between A and B is
C
C is . D is .
We use them to
D The difference between C and D is
E E is . F is .
We use them to
The difference between E and F is

F
27 The Earth and maps Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The Earth can be represented on a globe or a map. A world map represents the entire Earth.
The scale on a map shows the relationship between the distance on the map and the actual
distance on the Earth.
Geographic co-ordinates are a system of lines called parallels and meridians which enable us
to locate points on a map.
1 Measure and calculate the distances in kilometres.
Cantabrian Sea
A Corua F R A N C E
Zaragoza
AT L A N T I C
A L
Madrid
OCEAN
U G
Valencia
R T
Badajoz
P O
Murcia a
S e
n
Seville e a
r a n
Malaga e r
d i t
e
M
AT L A N T I C O C E A N Scale
0 170
Kilometres
128033p33R27_Espana_distancias.
From A Coruna to Zaragoza. From Seville to Valencia.

From Madrid to Badajoz. From Murcia to Malaga.
2 Look at points A, B and C on the globe. Complete the table. A

Write North, South, East or West.
Latitude Longitude Hemisphere

C
A
B B
C
189736U9p27h2 globo terraqueo
28 Relief map of the world Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Relief maps show the oceans and continents on the Earth.
There are five oceans: the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific
Ocean and the Antarctic Ocean.
There are seven continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania
andAntarctica.
1 Use the key and colour the map.
green North America pink Africa yellow Europe orange Oceania
light green South America brown Asia lavender Antarctica
Scale
0 1,800
Kilometres
Write the names of the oceans in the correct place.

189736U9p28_mundi mudo
29 Political map of the world Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Political world maps show the size, location and borders of the countries on Earth.
1 Look at the map and use the key to colour the countries.
Red = A landlocked country in Europe that borders with Italy.
Green = The southernmost country in Africa.
Orange = A small island country in Oceania.
Purple = The biggest country in Asia.
Pink = The two largest countries in North America.
Yellow = A landlocked country in South America.
Dark blue = An island country in Europe.
Scale
0 2,100
Kilometres
Write the names of the countries you have coloured. Use arrows if necessary.
189736U9p29 mundi_politico_mudo
30 European coasts Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Europe is a small continent in the northern hemisphere.
Europe borders on Asia to the east, and is surrounded by two oceans, the Atlantic to the west
and the Arctic to the north.
The coasts are very irregular, with many capes, gulfs and peninsulas.
1 Look at the map. Write the number next to the landform.
Peninsulas 4
ARCTIC OCEAN
Kola
6 1
Scandinavian
Jutland 3
Iberian 14
Italian
N
North
EA
Balkan Sea 20
OC
17
Crimean 24
C
NTI
Ca
Gulfs
ATLA
sp
ian
Bothnia 10
Se
8 11
a
Black Sea
Bay of Biscay 23
7
5 25 19
Lion
9 21 15
27
Genoa M e d i t e r r a n e 12 Scale
0 392
22 2
an
18 16
13 Sea Kilometres
Capes Islands
North Iceland Canary Islands Cyprus
Finisterre Ireland 189736U10p30_Europa_con_numeros
Corsica Malta
St. Vincent Great Britain Sicily Crete
Matapan Balearic Islands Sardinia
31 European climates and vegetation Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The three temperate climates are: oceanic, Mediterranean and continental.
The two cold climates are: polar and alpine or mountain.
The vegetation is different in each climate.
1 Write the name of the climate.
Temperatures are mild in summer. Precipitation is abundant and regular.

Temperatures are cool in summer and very low in winter. Precipitation
is abundant.
Temperatures are high in summer and mild in winter. In summer there
is very little rain.
Temperatures are high in summer and very low in winter. In summer
precipitation is higher.
It is extremely cold. Precipitation is scarce.
2 Look at the map. Write the letter that corresponds to the type of vegetation.
ARCTIC OCEAN
D
C Steppes
North
E Oceanic forest
Sea
A Taiga
ATLANTIC
Mediterranean
CMa
OCEAN
aspr
vegetation
iCaa
ns
Black Sea
Spei
oa
B Tundra
Mediterranean Sea
32 European rivers and lakes Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
There are five watersheds: the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the Arctic, the Black Sea and the
Caspian Sea.
The largest European lakes are located in the north.
1 Complete the map with the names of the oceans and seas.
R.
Pe
ch
ora
R. Nort
he
rn Dvina
lga
R. Vo
l ASIA
ra
U
R. Volga
R.
R. W
st e r n D v i n
a
R.
D on
R. R.
Vi
R.
Od
R.
stu
R.
lbe
er
D n ie
Rh
la
per
ine
R.
S
R. Dnies
te
ei
ne
R. Loire
r
e
hn
R.
a
G
R. R
R.
D a nu b e
ron
R. Po
R.
ne
R. Duero Eb
ro
R. Tagus
ana
adi
R. Gu
adalquivir
.Gu Scale
R
0 450
AFRICA Kilometres
Name the rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean.

189736p40R32_vertiente_Europa
Name the rivers that flow into the Mediterranean Sea.
2 Which watershed has the largest lakes?
33 The population of Europe Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Europe is highly populated.
The population is ageing because of a low birth rate and increasing life expectancy.
The active population and birth rate are growing because of immigration.
1 Correct the sentences and make them true.
In Europe the birth rate is very high: this means that few babies are born.
In Europe life expectancy is 74 years. Therefore, there are few elderly people.
2 Look at the map and do the activities.

ARC
TIC
POPULATION N OCEAN
DENSITY ICELAND
Less than 10 Norwegian

inhabitants/km2 Sea
FINLAND
From 10 to 100
SWEDEN
inhabitants/km2 NORWAY
From 101 to 500
inhabitants/km2 ESTONIA
N
More than 500 North

RUSSIA
EA
LATVIA
inhabitants/km2 UNITED Sea Baltic
C
IRELAND KINGDOM DENMARK Sea LITHUANIA KAZAKHSTAN

O
RUSSIA
BELARUS
IC
NETHERLANDS
NT
POLAND
BELGIUM GERMANY
LA
LUXEMBOURG CZECH UKRAINE Caspian

REPUBLIC SLOVAKIA Sea
AT
MOLDOVA
FRANCE SWITZERLAND AUSTRIA HUNGARY
SLOVENIA ROMANIA GEORGIA
AZERBAIJAN
CROATIA Black Sea
BOSNIA & SERBIA ARMENIA
ANDORRA HERZEGOVINA
PORTUGAL BULGARIA
SPAIN MONTENEGRO KOSOVO
ITALY TURKEY
MACEDONIA
Scale ALBANIA
GREECE
0 530
Mediterrane
Canary Islands Ceuta
Melilla
an
Kilometres Sea
Three countries with a population density of less than 10 inhabitants/km2.

189736U11p33_densidad Europa

Three countries with a population density from 10 to 100 inhabitants/km2.
34 The European economy Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The primary sector employs 4% of the active population of Europe. The main activities are
agriculture and livestock farming.
The secondary sector employs 30%. The main industries are basic industry, capital goods
industry and consumer goods industry.
The tertiary sector employs 66%. Activities include commerce, transport and tourism.
1 Look at the pie chart and answer.

Secondary
sector
30% Primary sector
4%
Tertiary
sector
66%
What economic sector employs the fewest people in Europe?

189736U11p34_graf_tarta

What economic sector employs the most people?
2 Write the economic activities in the correct column.
agriculture capital goods industry commerce consumer goods industry

fishing forestry livestock farming basic industry tourism transport

Primary Secondary Tertiary
35 The European Union today Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The European Union (EU) is formed by twenty-seven democratic European states.
1 Write the names ARCTIC OCEAN

of the member Countries of the European
Union
countries of the Iceland Other European countries

Norwegian
European Union. Sea
Russia
Norway
Nor th
Sea ASIA
Belarus
ATLA NTIC
Ukraine
O CE A N
Moldova
Switzerland
Croatia
Black Sea
Bosnia & Serbia
Herzegovina
Scale Montenegro Kosovo
0 340 Macedonia
Albania
Kilometres
Mediterran
ean
Sea
AFRICA

189736p43R35

36 The institutions of
the European Union
Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The main European Union institutions are: the European Parliament, the Council of the
European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice and the Court of Auditors.
Members:
Headquarters:
EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT Functions:
Members:
COUNCIL OF THE Headquarters:

EUROPEAN UNION
Functions:
Members:
Headquarters:
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION Functions:
Members:
COURT Functions:
OF JUSTICE

Functions:
COURT
OF AUDITORS
37 The achievements
of the European Union
Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The European Union has adopted measures that bring European citizens together.
The single market is one of the greatest achievements of the European Union.
The EU started with six member states. By 2011, there were twenty-seven.
Twelve member states have used the euro since 2002.
1 Tick the true sentences. Correct the sentences that are false.
a. Merchandise can circulate freely within the EU, but not citizens.
b. No more countries can join the EU.
c. All EU states must agree for a new state to join.
2 Give two examples of measures that promote European citizenship.
3 Circle the names of the twelve countries that have adopted the euro. Write them on the lines.

G P F M R G R E E C E L
P E O I R Q A K F I T U
U A R R N G G K T R S X
R P F M T L U R G E P E
J B A T A U A Y N L A M

U K R I O N G N R A I B

F R A N C E Y A D N N O
P B E L G I U M L D K U
N E T H E R L A N D S R
A U S T R I A X F I Q G
38 Prehistory Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
In the Palaeolithic Age, people were nomads.
In the Neolithic Age, people became sedentary. They built villages and became farmers.
In the Metal Ages, people learned to make objects from metal. Villages grew into cities.
1 Match. Then write the complete sentences.
In the Palaeolithic Age, people hunted, fished and gathered fruits and vegetables.

In the Neolithic Age, people made objects from copper, bronze and iron.

In the Metal Ages, people looked after their crops and livestock.

2 Complete the crossword. 1

Down
1. The first artists appeared in this Age.
3. The invention that ended Prehistory.
5. A material used to make containers 2
for cooking and storing food 3
in the Neolithic Ages.
5

Across
4
2. People used looms to make textiles
in this age.
4. The first metal used to make metal 6
objects.
6. A megalithic monument made with
long stones. 7
7. A person who has no permanent
home and moves from place to place.
39 The Age of Antiquity Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
In the Age of Antiquity:
The Celts and Iberians inhabited the Iberian Peninsula.
The Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians arrived from the Mediterranean and founded colonies.
The Romans began their conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
1 Who am I? Write Celt, Iberian, Phoenician, Greek or Carthaginian.
I live in a tribe on the Atlantic

I arrived from North Africa looking coast. I dont trade much.
for new territories to conquer.
I live on the Catalan coast. I sell ceramics

and buy esparto to make things.
I live in Andalusia, and I trade a lot. I live on the Mediterranean coast.

Iarrived here before the Greeks.
2 Complete. Use the words.
free men Christianity 19 provinces law

218 Latin slaves Euskera

The Roman conquest of the peninsula began in the year B.C. and ended in the
year B.C. The Romans divided Hispania into .
Roman was enforced throughout the peninsula. The official language
was . The only pre-Roman language that has survived to the present
is . In 380 A.D., the official religion became . Roman society
was divided into two classes: and .
40 The Middle Ages
on the Iberian Peninsula
Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
In 711, the Moors conquered the Visigoth kingdom and created Al-Andalus.
The Christians opposed the Moorish conquest. They created Christian kingdoms in the north.
1 Write True or False. Then, correct the false sentences.

The capital of the Visigoth kingdom was Cordoba.
The Moors defeated the Romans in 711.
At first, Al-Andalus was a caliphate.
2 Tick the correct answer. Then, write the complete sentence.

The first Christian kingdoms were created...
in the north of Spain. in the south of Spain.
In 1031, Al-Andalus was divided into...
Taifa Kingdoms. provinces.
In 1212, the armies of the Christian kings defeated the Moorish armies at the Battle of...
Navas de Tolosa. Granada.
The last territory of Al-Andalus was...
the Nasrid kingdom of Granada. the Nasrid kingdom of Cordoba.
41 The discovery of America Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
In 1492, the Catholic Monarchs financed Columbus expedition, which led to the discovery
ofthe Americas.
The Incas, the Aztecs and the Mayans lived in North and South America before the arrival
ofColumbus.
1 Write the name or date.
A sailor from Genoa who discovered the American continent.

The Monarchs who financed this expedition.
The year America was discovered.
The destination Columbus was trying to reach.
The Italian navigator who proved America was a new continent.
2 What territories did Hernn Corts and Francisco Pizarro conquer?
3 Complete the sentences. The photos may help you.
A B C D
The Mayans were excellent and .

Pre-Columbian peoples were farmers, but they also made .
and from pre-Columbian mines were sent to Spain.
42 The Spanish Empire Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
In the 16th century, Carlos I and Felipe II ruled the largest empire that had ever existed.
Itcomprised territories in Europe, America, Africa and Asia.
1 Read the text and look at the map.
The Spanish Empire had many

territories: Spain, the Netherlands,
part of Italy, territories in central
Europe, colonies in the Americas
and many possessions in
Africa and Asia. In 1580, the ATLANTIC
kingdom of Portugal was added. PACIFIC INDIAN
OCEAN
OCEAN
Explain why this map OCEAN
is not correct.

Spanish Empire

2 Write the events on the timeline.

189736U14P42_IMPERIO_HISPANICO
1556 Felipe II became king. 1588 The Spanish Armada was defeated.
1516 Carlos I became king. 1571 The Battle of Lepanto.
1580 The Kingdom of Portugal 1520 The revolt of the Communities.
became a part of the
1566 The Netherlands rose up against Spanish rule.
Spanish Empire.
189736 _ 0008-0056.indd 50 10/10/11 11:32

43 The fragmentation
of the Spanish Empire
Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
In the 17th century, the Spanish Empire became weak and began to break up.
In the 18th century, the Bourbons came to power and established an absolute monarchy.
1 Complete the crossword.

Down Across
1. A battle in 1707 that was decisive in the 2. Factories created by the Spanish kings in the
triumph of Felipe V. 18th century.
3. Friends and ministers that governed in the 7. The city where a riot broke out in 1808.
kings name. It forced Carlos IV to abdicate.
4. A war between Castile and Aragon that was 8. A Spanish king who died without a successor
an international war and a civil war. in 1700.
5. Territory that gained independence from Spain 9. A type of monarchy in which the king controls
in 1648. all the powers of state.
6. The first Bourbon king.
3 4

2
5

6

44 Society and culture
in the Modern Age
Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Society in the Modern Age was divided into two groups. The privileged were the nobility and
the clergy. The unprivileged were the farmers and the middle class.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, literature, art and architecture developed rapidly.
In the 18th century, there were scientific advances.
1 Complete the illustration. Use the words.
clerics nobility farmers middle class

Privileged
Unprivileged
Describe the differences between the privileged and the underprivileged classes.
2 Match.
Saint Teresa de Jesus 16th century Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
Francisco de Quevedo Spiritual works Lope de Vega
Garcilaso de la Vega Spains problems Miguel de Cervantes
17th century
3 Write the style of architecture.
This style imitated Roman architecture.
This style had curved lines and rich ornamentation.
This style was austere with little decoration.
45 The 19th century Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Fernando VII established an absolute monarchy. During the reign of Isabel II, the
constitutional monarchy was consolidated. At the end of the century, different forms of
government were attempted.
1 Circle two errores in each sentence. Then write the sentences correctly.
In 1807, France and Spain signed a treaty that allowed Spanish troops to cross into France
tooccupy Portugal.
Jose Bonaparte, Emperor of France, replaced King Fernando VII whith his brother Napoleon.
The population of Madrid did not accept the French king, and on 2nd May 1888, they rebelled
against the French. This was the beginning of the War of Succession.

2 Circle the correct word.

During the war of Independence...
the Liberals / Conservatives wanted to write a constitution and limit the power of the king.
the Nationalists / Francophiles wanted Fernando VII to return to the Spanish throne.
the Nationalists / Francophiles wanted a French king.
During the reign of Isabel II...
the Liberals / Conservatives wanted to increase the queens power and give less importance to the
Constitution.
the Liberals / Conservatives wanted to limit the queens power and give more importance to the
Constitution.
3 Write the year each event took place.
Constitution of Cadiz Independence of Argentina War of Independence
46 Life in the 19th century Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
In the 19th century, society was organised into social classes: the upper class, the middle
class and the lower class.
The Industrial Revolution brought many economic changes.
Modernist architecture and Impressionist painting flourished in this century.
1 Look at the diagram. Match each word with a social class. Draw a line.
factory owners servants

Upper class
peasants lawyers
Middle class engineers
bankers
nobles
factory workers
beggars
Lower class
doctors
rich merchants
2 Write three sentences. Use the words.
A revolution changes industrial 19th century
B revolutionised railways transport
C metal industries developed 19th century textile
3 This house was built in Barcelona by Antonio Gaudi.

Explain why it is a Modernist structure.
47 From Primo de Rivera to Franco Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
In 1923, Primo de Rivera led a coup and established a dictatorship.
In 1931, the Second Republic was proclaimed.
In 1936, the Spanish Civil War began. When the war ended, in 1939, General Franco
established a dictatorship.
1 Order de events. Write a number from 1 to 5.
The dictatorship of The dictatorship of The Spanish Civil

Primo de Rivera began. General Franco began. War began.

The Second Republic The dictatorship of

was proclaimed. General Franco ended.

2 Write Second Republic or Dictatorship of General Franco.

Women got the right to vote:
Political parties were illegal:
There was no constitution:
Land was divided up among the peasants:
The first Statutes of Autonomy were declared:
Spain became internationally isolated:
3 Circle the errors in each sentence. Then write the sentences correctly.
During the Civil War, the Nationalists supported the Republic.
The war ended in 1936 after General Francos coup.
Before the war, there was a dictatorship under Primo de Rivera.
48 Transition and democracy Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The transition was the period in which policy changes moved Spain from the dictatorship
ofGeneral Franco towards democracy. This process began in 1975 and ended in 1982.
Since 1982, Spain has been governed by the Spanish Socialist Labour Party (PSOE)
and the Popular Party (PP).
1 Match.
Adolfo Suarez He became president in 2004.

Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo He was president between 1996 and 2004.

Felipe Gonzalez He was president between 1976 and 1981.

Jose Maria Aznar He was president between 1982 and 1996.

Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero He was president between 1981 and 1982.

2 Find the date of each event in the puzzle. Then write it to complete the sentence.
1 9 1 9 8 6
9 1 9 7 5 1
7 2 9 1 8 9
8 9 5 2 0 7
2 0 0 2 7 7
Juan Carlos I was crowned King of Spain:

The first democratic elections were held since the Second Republic:
The new Constitution was approved:
Spain joined the European Community:
The Statutes of Autonomy initiated in 1978 were approved:
Spain adopted the euro:
Extension worksheets
1 Prepare a balanced diet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2 The Rh factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3 Different ways of seeing the world . . . . . . . . . 62
4 Ultrasound imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5 Types of diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6 Sparks of invention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
7 Alternative energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
8 Watches are machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
9 Map projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
10 The most European river . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
11 Life expectancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
12 Europa, the Phoenician princess . . . . . . . . . . 80
13 Roman gods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
14 The Mayan civilisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
15 The Enlightenment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
57
1 Prepare a balanced diet EXTENSION
Name Date
A healthy diet should be complete and balanced. This means we should eat
all types of food in appropriate quantities.
RECOMMENDED FOOD AND SERVINGS

Girls Boys
Number
Food 13 to 15 13 to 15 of servings
years years
Dairy L L 4 times a day
Meat, chicken 125 g 150 g 3 times a week
Fish 175 g 200 g 4 times a week
Eggs one one 3-4 times a week
Potatoes 200 g 250 g once a day
Legumes 70 g 80 g 3 times a week
Vegetables 100 g 120 g 2-4 times a day
Fruits 300 g 300 g 3-4 times a day
Bread 400 g 400 g once a day
Rice 70 g 80 g 2 times a week
Pasta 70 g 80 g 2 times a week
Sweets, pastries, soft drinks 60 g 60 g once a day
Source: Healthy nutrition and prevention of eating disorders by Consuelo Lopez Nomdedeu.
Serving size equivalents:

L = one glass 125 g of bread = one portion
300 g of fruit = one large piece (orange, apple, peach) 150 g of meat = one medium-sized portion
100 g of vegetables, rice, pasta = one medium-sized serving
1 Study the information above, and answer the questions.

What is this information for?

What type of food should you eat more of every day?

How many servings of milk and vegetables should you eat every day?

Why do you think you should not eat sweets more than once a day?
1
2 Complete the table. Make a list of all the food that you ate yesterday.
Give approximate amounts. Then answer the question below.
Breakfast Lunch Snack Dinner

Do you eat more fish or less fish than is recommended? And sweets?

3 Read the advice, and prepare your own balanced diet for one day.
Breakfast is the most important meal of the day because you do more
physical activity in the morning.
Lunch and dinner should complement each other. If you have meat for lunch,
you should have fish for dinner.
If you eat fried food, dont forget to include the oil.
Breakfast Lunch Snack Dinner

2 The Rh factor EXTENSION
Name Date
All human blood contains the same components: plasma, red

blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. However, there are
different blood types. The four main blood types or blood groups
are: A,B, AB and O. Your blood type depends on the type of
protein on the surface of your red blood cells.
Most people can only receive or donate blood to people who have
the same blood type. People with type O, however, are called
universal donors. Their blood can be given to almost anybody
without danger of rejection. Similarly, people with type AB blood
are called universal recipients.
They can receive blood
of any type.
Some red blood cells have
a protein on the surface called the Rh factor. A person whose blood
has this protein is Rh positive: Rh+. A person whose blood does
not have this factor is Rh negative: Rh. If you are Rh-, you can
only receive Rh negative blood.
We inherit blood type from our parents in the same way that we
inherit eye or hair colour. Blood type can also vary depending on
the place of origin of a specific population. For example, almost
all indigenous people in Peru have type O blood. In central Asia,
type B is the most common.
1 Read the text and answer the questions.
What are the main components of blood?
What are the main blood types?
What is a universal donor?
What is a universal recipient?
2
What is your blood type?
What is your Rh factor?
What blood types can you receive in a transfusion?
What blood groups can you give blood to?
3 Analyse the words. Match them to their definitions.
haematologist haemopathy haematoma haemorrhage haemoglobin

Any disease of the blood.
A doctor who specialises in the study of blood.
An escape of blood from blood vessels.
A swelling which contains blood
A protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen.
4 What do you think the prefixes haemo- and haema- mean?
5 Research about blood banks. Answer the questions.
What is a blood bank?
Why is it important to donate blood?
3 Different ways of seeing the world EXTENSION
Name Date
Almost all animals have organs that enable them to capture light and perceive images
of the world around them. However, there are interesting and important differences between
these organs. All of them have two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina:
Cones enable animals to see in colours and with high-quality images, but they need light
to function.
Rods enable animals to see in low light, but images are low-quality.
Daylight vision animals, like human beings, have many more cones than rods. As a result, they see
worse in the dark than other animals, but image quality is good. Nocturnal animals, on the other hand,
have more rods than cones and also larger eyes. As a result they see better at night.
Pupil shape also varies widely. For example, human beings have round
pupils, while cats have vertical slits. Goats have horizontal slits so their
eyelids do not obstruct their vision. The most unusual pupil shape in the
animal kingdom are the W-shaped pupils of the cuttlefish.
Birds of prey have the sharpest vision of all animals.
Thepart of their brain responsible for interpreting visual
stimuli is very large. They have big pupils with many
rods and cones in the central part of the retina. As
a result, they can see very clearly at great distances.
Insects and many other invertebrates have compound
eyes that consist of many small eyes or facets called
ommatidia. Each ommatidium is a complete and
independent eye made up of a group of cells. Together, the ommatidia
receive a single image made up of separate bits of information. All these
bits are received by the nervous system, which then produces a single image.
1 Define the words.
cone

rod

ommatidia
3
2 Think and explain.
Owls are nocturnal creatures. Do they have more cones or rods in their retina? Why?
Eagles are one of the animals with the best vision in the animal kingdom.
What do they use their sharp vision for? What are their eyes like?
3 Match each type of eye to a living thing.
A B C D
1 2 3 4
4 Use the key to decipher the secret message.
A5 E5 I5 O5 U5
C N S N D R D S R
P H T R C P T R C L L S
N T H R T N .
4 Ultrasound imaging EXTENSION
Name Date
Blood tests, x-rays and ultrasound scans are

diagnostic medical procedures. They require
the use of sophisticated equipment.
Ultrasound machine scans emit high-frequency
sound waves to produce visual images of
organs and structures inside the body. A type
of microphone, called a transducer, is applied
to the skin and emits ultrasound waves. These
sound waves reflect off the internal organs and
produce an echo. The transducer picks up
theecho, and transforms it into an image
onascreen.
Bones reflect almost all the ultrasound waves and produce a bright white image in an ultrasound
scan. Other internal organs, like the heart and kidneys, produce a weak echo, so they produce
darker and less defined images.
Ultrasound imaging allows the doctor to monitor the health and development of a fetus
during pregnancy. It can provide early diagnosis of some malformations. Ultrasound scans do not
harm the fetus or the mother.

What is an ultrasound scan? What is it used for?
Describe how ultrasound imaging works.
What other medical diagnostic procedures are mentioned in the text?
4
2 Look at the ultrasound images. Answer the questions.
What parts of the fetus can you recognise in image 1?

1

Describe the changes that have occurred in image 2.

2

What is the fetus doing in image 3?

3

3 Examine the images again. Which one shows the fetus at a later stage of development? Why?
5 Types of diseases EXTENSION
Name Date
Do you know what disease is? Experts define disease

as the absence of health. Diseases can be classified
into four groups according to their origin.
Deficiency diseases are caused by the lack of an
essential nutrient in the diet. For example, scurvy
is caused by the lack of vitamin C.
Functional diseases are caused by the malfunction
ofan organ. For example, diabetes occurs when
the pancreas does not function properly.
Degenerative diseases are caused by ageing or
the deterioration of an organ. Alzheimers is
a degenerative disease that affects
the nervous system.
Infectious diseases are caused by an infectious
agent. Forexample, flu is caused by a virus.
Infectious diseases can affect a small group
ofpeople or large groups. In the latter case,
we speak of epidemics or pandemics.
An epidemic occurs when a disease affects many people in an area, such as a city,
country orregion.
A pandemic occurs when a disease affects a very large geographical area, such as
various countries, a continent or various continents.
1 Read and complete the table.
Classification of diseases by origin
Type of disease Caused by Example

5
2 Read the text. Answer the questions.
The AH1N1 swine flu originated in Mexico in April 2009, and quickly spread beyond
Mexican borders. Cases of people infected by this virus were found on all continents.
In the Americas: Mexico, USA, Canada, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Cuba, Panama,
Guatemala, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Chile.
In Europe: Spain, UK, Germany, France, Austria, Netherlands, Switzerland, Denmark,
Italy, Ireland, Portugal, Sweden, Poland, Belgium, Norway and Finland.
In Asia: Israel, China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia and India.
In Oceania: New Zealand and Australia.
Refer to the text and the chart in Activities 1 and 2. How would you classify the AH1N1 flu? Why?
Was this disease an epidemic or a pandemic? Why?
3 Analyse your health during the past year, and answer.
Have you had any illnesses or diseases? Which ones?
How did you get better? What was the treatment?
What will you do to avoid getting ill in the future?
6 Sparks of invention EXTENSION
Name Date
Since the first electric phenomena were described

over two centuries ago, advances in the field of A B
electricity have been slow, but constant.
In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin
(1706-1790) flew a kite to capture electricity
from thunderclouds.
C
Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) developed an
instrument capable of producing electric charges. D
It was called the electrophorus. Around 1800,
he invented the first electric battery. Fig. C.
In 1820, Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851)
confirmed there was a very close relationship
between electricity and magnetism. He invented E
the electromagnet. Fig. D.
In the early 19th century, Michael Faraday
(1791-1867) made important discoveries that led F
to the development of electric generators and
motors. Fig. B.
In 1870, Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931)
invented the incandescent light bulb and many
other useful devices. Fig. A.
Another important invention was the electric telegraph. It was perfected by Samuel Morse
(1791-1872) in 1837. Fig. F.
In 1880, Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) proved the existence of electromagnetic waves that could
be detected from a distance. He built a device that could generate radio waves. Fig. E.
In the 1960s, techniques were developed for building integrated circuits. The electronic age had begun.
1 Read the text. Then order from old to modern. Write a number.
Michael Faraday
Thomas Alva Edison
Benjamin Franklin
Hans Christian Oersted
Samuel Morse
Heinrich Hertz
Alessandro Volta
6
2 Match the inventor to the invention.
Alessandro Volta his discoveries led to the development

of the electric generator and motor
Thomas Alva Edison

a device to generate radio waves
Samuel Morse
the incandescent light bulb
Michael Faraday
the electric battery
Heinrich Hertz the electromagnet
Hans Christian Oersted the telegraph
3 Research Benjamin Franklins inventions. Find four of them in the wordsearch.
Use these clues:

A type of eyeglasses
A metal pole on the roof of a building for protection during thunderstorms. (two words)
A device that records the kilometres travelled by a car, bicycle, etc.
A type of heater
B O B B I F O C A L S A
V B B Y Z F Y R W S S S
F R A M R K J E T Q R K
L I G H T N I N G R O D
F U R N A C E Q S Y U D
B P I F O D O M E T E R
4 According to the text, Benjamin Franklin flew a kite to capture electricity from thunderclouds.
What invention does this refer to? Where do we install it?
7 Alternative energy EXTENSION
Name Date
Alternative energy does not pollute the environment.

Its sources are renewable and cannot be depleted.
Solar, wind and ocean energy are alternative energies.
Solar energy is the most common alternative energy.
Itcan be harnessed directly through thermal or
photovoltaic proceses.
In thermal processes, solar energy is used to heat
aliquid, usually water, which is stored and then
distributed. The main component is a collector.
Energy obtained this way is mainly for domestic use
such as heating and hot water. In some cases,
athigh temperatures, it is also possible to generate
electricity.
In photovoltaic proceses, solar energy is
transformed directly into electricity by special
devices made of silicon called photovoltaic panels.
This electricity can be used directly for domestic
consumption or transferred to the electrical grid.
Due to the many hours of sunshine Spain receives every year, it has great potential
for harnessing solar energy.
What are alternative energies?
What is renewable energy?
Why is Spain a good place to harness solar energy?
7
2 Think about solar energy and give your opinion.
Research about the thermal and photovoltaic processes. Which is easier to use directly in the
home? Why?
3 Look at the diagram of a solar thermal system. Draw arrows to show the path of the water.
Explain how this system
Sunlight works. Use the words.
collector heat

Collector
pipes tank

Tank
4 What factors should you consider when installing a solar collector or a photovoltaic panel?
Think and explain.
8 Watches are machines EXTENSION
Name Date
Nowadays almost everyone has a watch with a battery. About 95%

of those batteries use quartz as the energy source.
In the past, all watches were mechanical. Mechanical watches do not
have batteries. The source of energy in those watches is the
mainspring. The spring can be wound mechanically or automatically
into a tight coil. The energy from the spring is transformed into
movement, and transferred to a series of small gears or gear train.
The balance wheel oscillates, and enables the gear train to move the
hands of the watch.
Gears have been used for centuries. Thousands of years ago, the
Greeks used astronomical instruments that worked with gears. In
ancient China, people used mechanical clocks based on the principle
of the sand clock or hourglass.
1 Read the text, and answer the questions.

How does a mechanical watch work? What energy source does it use?
Why do you not need to wind quartz watches?
8
2 Find out what a clepsydra is and what it is used for. Look at the picture and explain how it works.
3 This is the inside of a mechanical watch. Look at the gears. Draw arrows to show the direction in which
each gear wheel turns.
4 Read the definitions and complete the word ladder. Begin at the bottom.
Remove the t. The first letter in the alphabet.

Remove the c. This preposition indicates
location or position.
Remove the h. A small domestic animal.
Remove the w. We talk to friends on the Internet.
You wear it on your wrist to tell the time.
9 Map projections EXTENSION
Name Date
A map projection is a way to represent the spherical surface of the Earth on a flat map. A projection is
a grid of lines of latitude and longitude on which a map is drawn. There is always some distortion in a
projection, so there are different types of projections to represent a particular area accurately.
Cylindrical. This type projects information from the spherical Earth onto a cylinder. When the
cylinder is placed flat, the areas near the equator are slightly distorted, but the areas near the
poles appear larger than they really are. Parallels appear as horizontal lines and meridians as
vertical lines. Cylindrical projections are used for world maps. They were invented by Mercator.
Conic. This type projects information from the spherical Earth onto a cone. When the cone
is placed flat, the meridians meet at one point and the parallels are semicircles. Conic projections
are used to accurately represent areas near the tropics.
Planar. This type is used to accurately represent the polar regions. The parallels are concentric
circles, and the meridians are straight lines joined at the pole.
Interrupted. This type represents the continents accurately with no distortion by leaving blank
spaces in areas such as the oceans.
Mollweide. This type shows the entire surface of the Earth. Meridians appear as curved lines
that meet at the poles, and parallels as straight lines. The central areas are represented with
reasonable accuracy, although the Earths surface appears distorted towards the edges.
1 Read the text. Write the name under each projection.
A B
189736_ext_9_proyec_cilindrica
189736_ext_9_proyec_cilindrica
9
2 Read and write. What type of projection would you use in each case?
To represent Antarctic
To represent the tropical zone
To make a world map
3 Circle these words in the wordsearch.

T X M E R I D I A N N
Then write a definition for each one.
R S E Q Y G C N C U T
equator O A L U F U A J E P C
latitude P A R A L L E L R R S
I W I T E D K O I H J
longitude
C F D O Z F W N Y K E
meridian S H S R U H Q G C U U
M K E M O R K I B D A
parallel
E O Z L A T I T U D E
tropics C Y X V P E J U B X W
world map U R T W O R L D M A P
G E G I A D T E K O B

10 The most European river EXTENSION
Name Date
The Danube can only be described in superlatives. It is 2,850 kilometres

long and carries two hundred billion cubic metres of water per year
into the Black Sea.
It is the second longest river in Europe after the Volga. It passes through ten
countries: Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania,
Bulgaria, Moldova and the Ukraine on its journey to the sea.
Some scholars believe that the source of the Danube is in the springs at
Donaueschingen, a town at the confluence of the Rivers Breg and Brigach.
The springs are near Frstenberg castle, famous for the manuscripts
of the Song of the Nibelungs and Parsifal kept in its library. However,
other scholars believe the sources of the Danube are in the German town of
Furtwangen. The controversy reflects each towns wish to to be the source
of the most European river.
Claudio Magris
(Adaptation)
1 Why do you think the Danube is considered the most European river? Explain.
2 Unscramble the letters and write the names of the capitals the Danube passes through.
Germany LEBIRN
Austria NAINEV
Slovakia ARAAISTBLV
Hungary PESTBUDA
Croatia GREZAB
Serbia GRABELDE
Romania TSUCHAEBR
Bulgaria FOISA
Moldova CISUINAH
Ukraine VEIK
10
3 Use your maths skills. Read and discover the number of inhabitants in each country.
82,000,000 47,000,000 22,000,000 11,000,000 10,000,000

8,400,000 7,300,000 5,300,000 4,500,000 4,400,000
Germany is the country with the largest population.
Austria has 4,000,000 more inhabitants than Croatia.
Croatia is the country with the smallest population.
Romania has a little more than 25% of the inhabitants of Germany.
Serbia has half the population of Romania.
Moldova has 100,000 inhabitants more than Croatia.
Hungary has the fifth largest population.
Slovakia has two million inhabitants less than Bulgaria, and is one
of the least populated countries.
Ukraine has more than four times the inhabitants of Slovakia.
4 Complete the map. Write the names of the countries the River Danube passes through.
ARCTIC OCEAN
Norwegian
Sea
Nor th
Sea ASIA
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Black Sea
Scale
0 340
Kilometres
Mediterra
nean
Sea
AFRICA
11 Life expectancy EXTENSION
Name Date
Life expectancy is the average number of years a person is expected to live.

This estimate reflects the quality of life of the people in a given country. In most developed
countries, people usually live longer because food and general living conditions, and
efficient health care systems make this possible. In less developed countries, however,
life expectancy is not so long.
Population studies by age and sex enable countries to plan for education, health care,
housing, employment, etc.
Canad
Sweden
Canad 80 years
Russia
77 years
United Kingdom
78 years Poland
74 years
Canada
80 years
Romania
72 years Afghanistan
France 42 years
79 years
Spain
79 years Bulgaria
United States
77 years 72 years
Morocco China
70 years 72 years
Cuba
Mexico 77 years India
64 years
Senegal
58 years Japan
Egypt
Ecuador 71 years
76 years Sierra Leone
39 years
Cameroon
50 years
Equatorial Guinea
49 years
Australia
Angola
38 years Swaziland
Argentina
76 years
South Africa
52 years
New Zealand
78 years
1 Read the text. Then complete the sentences.

Scale
Life expectancy indicates the average person lives. 0 1,660
People usually live longer in countries. Kilmetros
Life expectancy depends on , and systems.

189736_ext_11_planisferio
2 Study the map. Then, give examples. Write the names of the countries.
Life expectancy of 80 years.

Life expectancy between 70 and 80 years.
Life expectancy of less than 50 years.
11
3 This table shows life expectancy by sex in four countries. Calculate the average life expectancy
in each country and complete the table. Then write the results on the map.
To calculate the life expectancy of a country, take the average of both women and men.
Life expectancy at birth
Women Men Average
Japan 83 77
Australia 81 71
Mexico 76 68
Swaziland 31 29
4 Look at the map, and study the table. Then, answer.
Look at the countries with the highest life expectancy. What continents are they on?
What country has the lowest life expectancy? What continent is it on?
5 Write T (true) or F (false).
The richer the country, the higher the life expectancy.

The poorer the country, the lower the life expectancy.
The poorer the country, the higher the life expectancy.
6 Why do you think countries with low life expectancy are poor countries?
12 Europa, the Phoenician princess EXTENSION
Name Date
In Greek mythology, Europe or Europa was a beautiful

Phoenician princess. Zeus, the father of the Greek gods,
fell hopelessly in love with her.
One day, Zeus saw Europa and her sisters playing on the
beach. Fearing rejection, he transformed himself into a
beautiful white bull. When Europa saw the bull, she put
flowers around its neck. Seeing that the bull was tame,
she climbed on its back.
Suddenly, the bull began to run and carried her away to
the coast. Still riding on the bulls back, the princess
crossed the sea to the island of Crete. There, Zeus
revealed his true identity. He declared his eternal love for
Europa under a cypress tree. According to legend, this is
why cypress trees are always green.
Zeus made Europa the Queen of Crete. Much later, the
name of the beautiful young Phoenician princess became
the name of a continent.
1 Read the story and write a summary.
2 Cypress trees are called evergreens. What does this mean?
12
3 Circle the names of eight European countries in the wordsearch. Copy them on the lines.
H Y D P M T A N E F O
S I E O P A S E R I P

X O N L E I L A E N I
A L M A G A E T + L B
I K A N L T S P A A U
U A R D R T A N O N L
R E K P A I Z P K D G

W G G R E E C E Y J A
L U X E M B O U R G R
V E I D S Q J O U H I
S P A I N R F I A O A
Unscramble the letters on the gray background to discover the first capital of the United States.
4 Read and identify the countries in the wordsearch. Use the Internet.
The second largest country in the EU. It joined in 1986.

One of the founders of the EU. The capital and the
country have the same name.
Athens is the capital of this peninsular country. It joined
the EU in 1981.
The smallest country in the EU. It joined in 2004.
It is on the Jutland peninsula. It joined the EU in 1973,
but has not adopted the euro.
It borders Greece and the Black Sea. It is one of the newest
members of the EU.
The EU country furthest to the north. It joined the EU in 1995.
Its capital is Warsaw. It joined the EU in 2004.
5 Research about Robert Schuman. Find out why he is important. Write.
13 Roman gods EXTENSION
Name Date
The Romans were polytheistic, which means they

worshipped more than one god. Each god protected a
different human activity. Three important gods were Jupiter,
Juno and Minerva.
Jupiter was the supreme ruler of all the gods. Originally he
was the god of the sky and the king of the heavens. Jupiter
was also the god of rain, thunder and lightning. He was the
protector of Rome and defender of truth, justice and virtue.
Juno was Jupiters wife and, therefore, queen of the gods.
She was the protector of women. She presided over
marriages, helped women in childbirth, and was the special
adviser and protector of the Roman state.
Minerva was Jupiters daughter. She was cruel and warlike.
People worshipped her as the goddess of warriors, the
defender of the home and the state, and the embodiment of wisdom, purity and reason. She was also
the patroness of arts and crafts.
1 Read the text. Tick the true sentences.
Minerva was the defender of the home.

Jupiter was the husband of Juno.
Jupiter was the ruler of the gods.
Jupiter was the god of commerce.
Juno was the goddess of war.
Minerva was the protector of women.
2 Write the meaning of the words. Then use each in a sentence.

supreme ruler:
warlike:
polytheistic:
13
1 In Roman mythology, each god represented a specific activity. Match the descriptions and the pictures.
A B C
1 2 3 4
Neptune: god of all Vulcan: god of Mars: god Mercury: god of commerce
waters and seas fire and metals of war and messenger of the gods

5 6
Diana: goddess Jupiter: supreme ruler of the gods. His symbols
of the hunt are the sceptre, the eagle and lightning.

D E F
14 The Mayan civilisation EXTENSION
Name Date
The Mayan civilisation appeared about two

thousand years ago in the Yucatan peninsula
and the lowlands of present-day Mexico,
Guatemala and Honduras.
The Mayans lived in city-states governed
by asupreme chief who lived in Mayapan.
Their society was organised into four groups:
nobles, priests, peasants and slaves.
Most of the people worked in the fields.
They grew corn, cacao, beans, tomatoes,
pumpkins, spices and other plants.
The Mayans had an amazing knowledge
ofastronomy and mathematics. For example,
they knew about the concept of zero, and used
two calendars: lunar and solar. They were
also great architects and sculptors.
Their pyramid temples, altars and stelae
(sculpted monuments) are especially famous.
The Mayans believed in many gods, but
themost important was the god of rain, as crop fertility depended on it.
Their favourite game was played with a ball. The object of the game was to pass the ball
through a stone hoop. There were two teams and the players were not allowed to touch
the ball with their hands.
Mayan society
Where did the Mayans live?
Where did the rulers live?
How was their society organised?
What kind of work did most people do?
What did they build?
Who was their most important god?
What was their favourite sport?
14
2 The Mayans inhabited the area of present-day Mexico, Guatemala and some parts of Belize,
El Salvador and Honduras. Find these countries on the map and colour them.
Scale
0 3,500
Kilometres
Scale
0 370
Kilometres
189736 ext 14 America Central pequeo

189736 ext14 America Central grande

The Temple of Inscriptions
More than two thousand years ago, the Mayans built a stone
pyramid at Palenque in southeast Mexico. The pyramid is 23
metres high and has nine steps leading to a temple at the top.
The pyramid was built as a funeral monument to Pakal the Great,
a Mayan king. He was responsible for making Palenque a major
power.The outside of the pyramid is decorated with inscriptions
about the history of the kings of Palenque. King Pakal the Great
was buried inside one of the chambers. The entrance to the
chamber is blocked by a stone that weighs five tons.
What shape is the Temple of Inscriptions?

What was its function?

What do you think the steps were used for?

What was inside the pyramid?
15 The Enlightenment EXTENSION
Name Date
The Enlightenment was a philosophical, political, and literary movement

of the 18th century in Europe and America. It was characterised by the
belief that human reason could lead to the progress of humanity.
Enlightened thinkers were the fathers of the first constitutions and
democracies. One of the most prominent figures of the Enlightenment
was Voltaire, a French writer and philosopher.
Voltaire defended two principles: freedom of thought and respect for all
men. As an author, he was committed to the problems of his time, such
as social and political inequality and poverty. He also participated in the
writing of the first Encyclopaedia.
1 Read the text. Tick the correct answer.
a. What was the name of the movement Voltaire belonged to?

The Enlightenment.
The Illustration.
b. Where did the movement take place?

In Europe and Africa.
In Europe and America.
c. Besides being a philosopher, what other activities did Voltaire engage in?
He was writer.
He was a musician.
d. In what century did The Enlightenment flourish?

In the 18th century.
In the 17th century.
e. What was one of the values that Voltaire defended?

Freedom of thought.
Freedom to do everything, without respecting anybody.
f. Why is Voltaire considered a committed person?

Because he was interested in the problems of his time, such as inequality and poverty.
Because he was committed to the defence of animals.
15
2 What is an encyclopaedia? Write a description.
3 Research each persons field. Then match the columns.
Immanuel Kant politics

Jose Celestino Mutis philosophy

Antonio Vivaldi music

Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos mathematics

Isaac Newton natural science

Francisco de Goya painting

4 Francisco de Goya was a great portrait painter. This is the portrait of his grandson Mariano.
Study the painting. Describe the boy, his expression, his clothes, the movement, the light,
other objects you can see, etc.
Answer key Reinforcement
1 NUTRITION AND HEALTH 4 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1. Write one sentence with each group of words. 1. Complete the sentences.
M. A. (Model Answer). Digestion is the process of Blood is a red liquid that transports nutrients,
obtaining nutrients from food to use in our body. Fats oxygen, carbon dioxide and waste in our bodies.
are high in energy. The heart pumps blood around the body using the
2. Complete the text. circulatory system.
We need energy for all the activities we do. Arteries carry blood from the heart to other organs.
Weobtain it from carbohydrates and fats. Capillaries connect arteries to veins,which carry
Proteins are necessary to grow and repair our blood to the heart.
bodies. Fruits and vegetables are good sources 2. Label the illustration with these words.
of vitamins and minerals. This process of obtaining
nutrients from food for our bodies to use is called From top to bottom: Left: artery; vein.
digestion. Right: heart; capillaries.
3. Match the foods to the nutrients. 3. Look at the illustration and answer.
Proteins: C; Vitamins: D; Carbohydrates: A; M. A. An artery would bleed more than a vein
Fats: B. because the heart pumps blood through the arteries
more quickly. Blood in veins returns to the heart
slowly with little pressure.
2 THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS
1. Complete the word map. 5 BLOOD CIRCULATION
From left to right and top to bottom:
1. Match.
Digestion: In this stage, food is broken down to
obtain the nutrients. Pulmonary circulation: between the heart and the lungs.
Absorption: In this stage, nutrients pass into the Systemic circulation: between the heart and the rest
blood. of the body.
Elimination of waste: In this stage, waste is Now, look at the illustration. What circuit is shown?
transformed into faeces and excreted through Explain.
the anus. The illustration shows systemic circulation. It
shows the circulation between the heart and the
2. Answer the questions. rest of the body.
Absorption occurs in the small intestine.
2. Cross out the errors. Then write the sentences
Faeces are waste substances. Waste is correctly.
transformed into faeces in the large intestine.
Errors: systemic; lungs; vena cava.
3. Complete the text. In pulmonary circulation, oxygenated blood returns
The digestive process takes place in the digestive to the heart through the pulmonary veins.
system. There are three stages in the digestive Errors: pulmonary; aorta.
process: digestion, absorption, and elimination of
In systemic circulation, blood returns to the heart
waste.
through the vena cava.
3 RESPIRATION
6 SENSITIVITY
1. Write the names of the organs. Explain their function
1. Draw the sense organ that we use to...
during respiration.
see: drawing of the eye; hear: drawing of the ear;
Lungs: During respiration, the lungs obtain oxygen
smell: drawing of the nose; taste: drawing of the
from the air and expel carbon dioxide.
tongue.
Bronchi: During respiration, these tubes carry the air
to the alveoli of the lungs. 2. Look at the illustrations. Explain the function of
sensitivity in each case.
2. Look at the illustrations and circle the correct words.
M. A. The ears capture the sound of the phone.
A exhaling; contract. Nerves transmit the information to the brain. The
B inhaling; expand. brain decides to answer the phone. The brain sends
an order to the muscles. The muscles act and answer 4. Complete the sentences.
the phone. The nervous system uses the involuntary muscles
M. A. The skin senses the rain. Nerves transmit and the endocrine system to carry out internal
the information to the brain. The brain decides to co-ordination.
open the umbrella. The brain sends an order to the The endocrine system controls the functions
muscles. The muscles act and open the umbrella. of growth and reproduction.
If our involuntary muscles stopped working, the
7 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND MOVEMENT heart would stop beating, our lungs would not be
able to absorb oxygen and we would die.
1. Look at the illustrations of voluntary movement and
complete the sentences.
1. The boy captures the information with his eyes. 9 SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS
2. The nerves carry the information to the brain. Label the diagrams.
3. The brain decides to kick the ball, and orders the The female reproductive system.
muscles in the leg to contract. From top to bottom:
4. The nerves carry the information to the muscles Left: ovary; vulva.
in the leg. Right: Fallopian tube; uterus; vagina.
5. The muscles in the leg contract, and the boy kicks The male reproductive system.
the ball.
From top to bottom:
2. Look at the illustrations of a reflex movement and Left: vas deferens; testicle; scrotum.
complete.
Right: seminal vesicle; prostate; penis; urethra.
1. The girl captures the information through her
sense of touch.
10 SEX CELLS AND FERTILIZATION
2. The nerves carry the information.
3. The spinal cord orders an immediate response. 1. Look at the illustration and answer.
4. The nerves carry the information to the muscles in A: spermatozoa; B: ovule.
her arm. B
5. The muscles contract and the girl pulls her hand Ovule.
away. A
3. Match. Sperm cell.
Spinal cord: Reflex movements. 2. Match.
Brain: Voluntary movements. From left to right:
sperm: semen.
8 INTERNAL CO-ORDINATION ovule: menstruation.
1. Small muscles in our skin cause goose bumps
3. Order the stages in which an embryo develops.
when they contract. Are these muscles voluntary or
Write a number from 1 to 6.
involuntary? Explain.
From top to bottom: 1: a; 2: f; 3: e; 4: c; 5: b; 6: d.
These muscles are involuntary muscles because we
are not conscious of them, and cannot control their
movement. 11 PREGNANCY AND BIRTH
2. Name the glands in the endocrine system. What 1. Look at the illustration. Read the definition and write
substance do endocrine glands produce? the correct word.
The pituitary, the thyroid, the pancreas, the ovaries From top to bottom:
and testicles. uterus; umbilical cord; amniotic fluid; fetus; placenta.
Endocrine glands produce hormones.
2. Match.
3. Tick the processes which involve internal co-ordination. Dilation stage: The opening to the uterus gradually
Our temperature is kept constant. gets wider.
Saliva is produced when we look at food we like. Afterbirth: The expulsion of the placenta takes place.
Expulsion stage: The baby exits the mothers body The four causes are: bacteria, fungi, protozoans and
through the vagina. viruses.
Transmission can be stopped with hygienic habits, for
12 HEALTH AND ILLNESS example, washing your hands.
1. Define the words. 2. Match the infectious agent to the disease it causes.
health: a state of complete physical, mental and bacteria: pneumonia; fungi: athletes foot; virus:
social well-being. measles; protozoans: malaria.
illness: a condition in which physical, mental or social
well-being is absent or diminished. 3. What is a contagious disease? Explain and give an
example.
2. Health is a state of physical, mental and social M. A. A contagious disease is a disease transmitted
well-being. Explain what this sentence means, by contact with the infectious agent. Examples:
and give examples. measles, chickenpox, flu.
M. A. Health is a combination of these three different
states. For example, in order for our bodies to 4. Should you drink water from a river or stream even if
function well, we must be in good physical condition, it looks clean? Think and answer.
have a good mental state and good relationships with M. A. No, because water from rivers or streams may
our family and the people around us. contain bacteria or other substances which can
cause illness.
3. Complete the word map.
From top to bottom:
how quickly... how long: acute illness, chronic illness; 15 TREATMENT OF ILLNESS AND DISEASE
their origin: infectious diseases, non-infectious 1. Name four ways to cure or prevent illness anddisease.
diseases; O. A. (Open Answer)
how many people...: sporadic, epidemic, endemic.
2. Complete the sentences.
13 HEALTH RISKS Vaccines are medicines that protect people from

developing an infectious disease.
1. Look at the illustration. Explain the possible effects of
Antibiotics are medicines that are very effective in
tobacco use.
fighting bacterial infecitons.
M. A. Tobacco can cause various types of cancer,
Some illnesses and bone fractures cannot be
dental, skin and heart problems, gastritis and ulcers,
cured with medicines. They require surgery or an
premature babies, respiratory disease and stroke.
organ transplant.
2. Name two ways to avoid traffic accidents. Describe
some of their consequences. 3. Explain why people do not get measles if they have
been vaccinated.
M. A.
M. A. Vaccines contain dead or weakened agents
Respect the speed limit, maintain the correct that cause the disease. When a person is infected
safety distance from other vehicles, always wear later with the real agent, their body has already
a seat belt. created cells and chemicals that recognise
Some of the consequences are injury and death. it and can fight it.
3. What is alcoholism? Explain the effects of alcohol 4. Name three organs that can be transplanted.
abuse on a persons health.
All of these organs can be transplanted: heart,
M. A. Alcoholism is a chronic disease. It is caused kidney, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestines, bone, skin.
by alcohol abuse. It can cause serious damage to
the liver and the nervous system, and problems with
family and friends. 16 ELECTRICITY
14 INFECTIOUS DISEASES There are positive electric charges and negative
1. What is an infectious disease? Describe four causes electrical charges.
and explain ways to stop transmission. If two objects have the same charge, they repel.
Infectious diseases are infections caused by Ifone object is negatively charged and the other is
infectious agents. positively charged, they attract.
Electrical current is produced when electrical Right from top to bottom: generator; switch; light
charges move through material. bulb; cable.
Electrical energy can be transformed into light, heat 3. Look at these circuits. Tick the closed circuit.
and movement.
Students should tick the left circuit.
2. Look at the diagrams. Explain what force each Explain what a closed circuit is. Refer to the
shows. diagram you ticked.
Diagram A shows repulsion because two objects with A closed circuit is a circuit in which all components
positive charges repel each other. are connected and the switch is closed.
Diagram B shows attraction because two objects with
opposite charges attract each other.
19 THE PROPERTIES OF ENERGY
3. Order the illustrations. Write 1 and 2; then, explain
why the pen attracts the pieces of paper.
Types: mechanical; sound; light; heat or thermal;
A: 2; B: 1.
electrical; chemical; nuclear.
By rubbing a pen with your sleeve, negative charges
Properties: energy can be transferred; energy can be
are passed from the sleeve to the pen. The pen
stored; energy can be transported and energy can
is left with more negative charges than positive
betransformed.
charges. The charged pen attracts the paper because
the paper is neutral, but has more positive charges 2. Read the sentences. Write the type of energy each
than the pen. Negatively charged objects and neutral one describes.
objects attract. has more positive charges than From top to bottom: electrical energy; chemical
negative charges. energy; mechanical energy; nuclear energy; heat or
thermal energy; sound energy; light energy.
17 MAGNETS AND MAGNETISM
1. Read and write the correct word. 20 HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
From top to bottom: magnet; poles; magnetism; 1. Order the sentences. Write 1, 2 or 3. Then copy them
electromagnet. in the correct order.
2. Write attract or repel. Then explain why. 1: b; 2: c; 3: a
The magnets will attract each other because Heat is a form of energy which can be transmitted
different poles are near each other. through certain materials, and which raises the
The magnets will repel each other because temperature of objects.
the same poles are near each other. 2. Why is mercury used in thermometers? Tick the
3. Look and write electromagnet or magnetic band. correct answer.
A: magnetic band. Because when mercury is warmed, its volume
expands, and it rises up into the tube.
B: electromagnet.
Explain the meaning of the words.
Contraction is the decrease in size of an object
18 ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
when the temperature is lowered.
1. Answer the questions. Expansion is the increase in size of an object when
In an electrical circuit, various elements are the temperature is raised.
connected to create a closed path. This path
3. Will it be easier to remove a metal ring from your
allows the circulation of electrical current.
finger when the weather is cold or when it is hot?
The main elements are generators, cables, light Think and answer.
bulbs, motors and switches.
A metal ring will be easier to remove when the weather
Disposable batteries cannot be reused when is cold because your fingers contract when it is cold.
they lose their charge. They must be discarded.
Rechargeable batteries can be recharged
andreused. 21 PRODUCING ELECTRICITY
2. Label the components of this electrical circuit. 1. Complete the sentences. Use the words.
Left: motor: The electricity we use is produced in power plants.
Most power plants produce electrical current with a Describe the machine you circled. What type is it?
generator. Why isnt it mechanical?
Turbines are used to turn generators or dynamos. An iron is a thermal machine. It converts electrical
Power plants use different energy sources. energy into thermal energy. It is not mechanical
because it is not used to lift heavy objects or
2. Look at the flow charts. Write the type of power plant. produce movement.
From top to bottom: hydroelectric; thermal; eolic or
2. Match.
wind; solar photovoltaic.
thermal: a cooker.
3. Match the words to make sentences.
information management: a computer.
Power plants produce electricity.
mechanical: a hammer.
Power lines transport electricity.
Televisions use electricity.
M. A.
22 ENERGY IN OUR SOCIETY Thermal: they are used to heat or cool things.
Mechanical: they are used to lift heavy objects or to
1. Circle six energy sources. Then classify them as
produce movement.
renewable or non-renewable.
Renewable: wood; sunlight; wind. Machines for communication and information
management: they are used to manipulate text,
Non-renewable: petroleum; uranium; coal. sound, photographs, videos, maps and games.
Which of these energy sources are fossil fuels?
Oil and coal are fossil fuels. 24 INSIDE A MACHINE
2. Complete the table. 1. Read and write the name of each component.
From top to bottom: structure; operating parts or
Problem Description Solution mechanisms; indicators and screens; sensors;
Depletion of the use of non- Save energy. electrical and electronic circuit; motor; housing.
fossil fuels renewable fuels Promote the use
2. Label the parts of this machine.
until they run out of renewable
energy. Counterclockwise starting at top centre: structure;
housing; electrical circuit, operating parts; motor.
Radioactive toxic material Find safe ways to
waste created in dispose of it. 25 OPERATING PARTS AND MECHANISMS
nuclear power
plants 1. Circle seven types of operating parts. Then write the
names.
Global an increase in Save energy.
Graphic answer.
warming temperatures Emit less carbon
caused by too dioxide into the rack; wheel; crank; belt; lever; spring; axle.
much carbon atmosphere. 2. Look at the gears. Circle the correct word.
dioxide in the
atmosphere A: same
B: opposite
Acid rain rainwater that Use less energy.
C: faster
contains a high Filter exhaust
concentration from factories and
ofpollutants vehicles. 26 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND SOCIETY
Use cleaner 1. Complete the sentences.
sources of energy.
A is a plough. B is a combine harvester. We use them
to harvest grain. The difference between A and B
is that A is a manual machine, and B is automatic.
23 MACHINES
Machine A does the work of one person, and B can
1. Look at the illustrations. Circle the machine that is not do the work of many people.
mechanical. C is a letter. D is an e-mail. We use them to
The iron. communicate with other people. The difference
between C and D is that e-mail is much faster than a 30 EUROPEAN COASTS

letter.
1. Look at the map. Write the number next to the
E is a carriage. F is an automobile. We use them to landform.
transport people. The difference between E and F is
Peninsulas: 1: Kola; 14: Scandinavian; 20: Jutland;
that automobiles are faster and more comfortable
5:Iberian; 19: Italian; 15: Balkan; 10: Crimean.
than carriages.
Gulfs: 3: Bothnia; 11: Bay of Biscay; 7: Lion;
23:Genoa.
27 THE EARTH AND MAPS
Capes: 4: North; 8: Finisterre; 27: St. Vincent;
1. Measure and calculate the distances in kilometres. 16:Matapan.
From A Coruna to Zaragoza: 3.8 cm 170 = 646 km Islands: 6: Iceland; 17: Ireland; 24: Great Britain;
From Madrid to Badajoz: 2 cm 170 = 340 km 9:Balearic Islands; 18: Canary Islands; 25: Corsica;
12: Sicily; 21: Sardinia; 2: Cyprus; 13: Malta;
From Seville to Valencia: 3.2 cm 170 = 544 km 22:Crete.
From Murcia to Malaga: 2 cm 170 = 340 km
2. Look at points A, B and C on the globe. Complete the 31 EUROPEAN CLIMATES AND VEGETATION
table. Write North, South, East or West. 1. Write the name of the climate.
Latitude Longitude Hemisphere From top to bottom: oceanic; alpine or mountain;
Mediterranean; continental; polar.
A North West North
2. Look at the map. Write the letter that corresponds to
B South West South the type of vegetation.
C North East North E: Steppes; A: Oceanic forest; C: Taiga; B:
Mediterranean vegetation; D: Tundra.
28 RELIEF MAP OF THE WORLD 32 EUROPEAN RIVERS AND LAKES
1. Use the key and colour the map. 1. Complete the map with the names of the oceans
andseas.
Finished map should look like pages 112-113 in the
Students Book. Graphic answer. See page 127 of the Students
Book.
Write the names of the oceans in the correct
place. Name the rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean.
Graphic answer. See pages 112-113 in the Loire; Garonne; Duero; Tagus; Seine; Guadiana
Students Book for reference. and Guadalquivir.
Name the rivers that flow into the Mediterranean
Sea.
29 POLITICAL MAP OF THE WORLD
Ebro and Rhone.
1. Look at the map and use the key to colour
thecountries. 2. Which watershed has the largest lakes?
Graphic answer. The Atlantic.
Red: M. A. Switzerland, Austria.
Green: South Africa. 33 THE POPULATION OF EUROPE
Orange: M. A. New Zealand; Papua New Guinea. 1. Correct the sentences and make them true.
Purple: China. In Europe the birth rate is very low: this means that
Pink: Canada and United States. few babies are born.
Yellow: M. A. Paraguay, Bolivia. In Europe, life expectancy is 74 years. Therefore,

there are a lot of elderly people.
Dark blue: M. A. Great Britain; Ireland; Iceland;
Immigrants increase the active population.
Cyprus, Malta.
Write the name of the countries you have 2. Look at the map and do the activities.
coloured. M. A. Iceland; Sweden; Norway.
Graphic answer. M. A. Ireland; Spain; Belarus.
34 THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY COURT OF AUDITORS

1. Look at the pie chart and answer. Functions: control the money the European Union
uses and ensure EU money is spent correctly.
The primary sector.
The tertiary sector.
37 THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
2. Write the economic activities in the correct column.
1. Tick the true sentences. Correct the sentences that
Primary Secondary Tertiary are false.
agriculture basic industry commerce C is true.
livestock A Merchandise and citizens can circulate freely within
capital goods industry transport the EU.
farming
fishing consumer goods industry tourism B More countries can join the EU.
forestry 2. Give two examples of measures that promote
European citizenship.
M. A. EU citizens can travel, live or work in any EU
35 THE EUROPEAN UNION TODAY
country.
1. Write the names of the member countries of the Many professional and university qualifications are
European Union. recognised in other member states.
Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; Cyprus; Czech Republic; The European health card.
Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece;
Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; The Erasmus program.
Malta; The Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Romania; 3. Circle the names of the twelve countries that have
Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; The United adopted the euro. Write them on the lines.
Kingdom.
Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Austria, Portugal,
36 THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Finland, Greece.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 38 PREHISTORY
Members: MEPs. 1. Match. Then write the complete sentences.
Headquarters: Strasbourg and Brussels. In the Palaeolithic Age, people hunted, fished and
Functions: approve budgets and laws and control the gathered fruits and vegetables.
other EU institutions. In the Neolithic Age, people looked after their crops
COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION and livestock.
Members: ministers from each member state. In the Metal Ages, people made objects from copper,
bronze and iron.
Headquarters: Brussels.
Functions: make all the important decisions; approve 2. Complete the crossword.
European laws, co-ordinate economic policies and Down: 1. Palaeolithic; 3. writing; 5. ceramic.
direct security, defence and foreign policy. Across: 2. Neolithic; 4. copper; 6. menhir; 7. nomad.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Members: twenty-seven commissioners and a 39 THE AGE OF ANTIQUITY
president.
1. Who am I? Write Celt, Iberian, Phoenician, Greek or
Headquarters: Brussels. Carthaginian.
Functions: act as the government of the EU; propose I arrived from North Africa looking for new
new laws and policies and apply rules and regulations. territories to conquer: Carthaginian.
COURT OF JUSTICE I live in a tribe on the Atlantic coast. I dont trade
Members: one judge from each member state and much: Celt.
eight advocate generals chosen by the governments I live on the Catalan coast. I sell ceramics and buy
of the EU member states. esparto to make things: Greek.
Functions: uphold European laws. I live in Andalusia, and I trade a lot: Phoenician.
I live on the Mediterranean coast. I arrived here The Spanish Empire included territories in Europe,
before the Greeks: Iberian. Africa, Asia and the Americas.
2. Complete. Use the words. 2. Write the events on the timeline.
The Roman conquest of the peninsula began in the Top from left to right:
year 218 B.C. and ended in the year 19 B.C. The 1516: Carlos I became king;
Romans divided Hispania into provinces. Roman law
was enforced throughout the peninsula. The official 1556: Felipe II became king;
language was Latin. The only pre-Roman language that 1571: The Battle of Lepanto;
has survived to the present is Euskera. In 380 A.D., 1588: The Spanish Armada was defeated.
the official religion became Christianity. Roman society
Bottom from left to right:
was divided into two classes: free men and slaves.
1520: The revolt of the communities;
1566: The Netherlands rose up against Spanish rule;
40 THE MIDDLE AGES ON THE IBERIAN PENINSULA
1580: The Kingdom of Portugal became a part of the
1. Write True or False. Then, correct the false sentences. Spanish Empire.
False: The capital of the Visigoth kingdom was Toledo.
False: The Moors defeated the Visigoth kingdom 43 THE FRAGMENTATION OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE
in711.
False: At first, Al-Andalus was an emirate. 1. Complete the crossword.
Down:
2. Tick the correct answer. Then, write the complete
sentence. 1. Almansa; 3. favourites; 4. Succession;
5.Netherlands; 6. Felipe V.
The first Christian kingdoms were created in the
north of Spain. Across:
In 1031, Al-Andalus was divided into Taifa Kingdoms. 2. royal manufacturers; 7. Utrecht; 8. Carlos II;
9. absolute.
In 1212, the armies of the Christian kings defeated
the Moorish armies at the Battle of Navas de Tolosa.
The last territory of Al-Andalus was the Nasrid 44 SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN THE MODERN AGE
kingdom of Granada. 1. Complete the illustration. Use the words.
Privileged: nobility; clerics.
41 THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA
Unprivileged: middle class; famers.
1. Write the name or date.
Describe the differences between the privileged
From top to bottom: Christopher Columbus; the and the underprivileged classes.
Catholic Monarchs; 1492; Japan; Americo Vespucci.
M. A. The privileged did not pay taxes; they held
2. What territories did Hernan Cortes and Francisco government positions, and they owned most of the
Pizarro conquer? land.
Hernan Cortes conquered Mexico. The unprivileged paid taxes and could not hold
Francisco Pizarro conquered Peru. government positions.
3. Complete the sentences. The photos may help you. 2. Match.

Photo A. The Mayans were excellent Saint Teresa de Jesus: Spiritual works;
mathematicians and astonomers. Francisco de Quevedo: 17th century;
Photos B and C. Pre-Columbian peoples were Garcilaso de la Vega: 16th century;
farmers, but they also made metal objects. Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos: Spains problems;
Photo D. Gold and silver from pre-Columbian mines Lope de Vega: 17th century;
were sent to Spain.
Miguel de Cervantes: 17th century.
42 THE SPANISH EMPIRE 3. Write the style of architecture.

Explain why this map is not correct. This style imitated Roman architecture: neoclassical.
M. A. The map is not correct because it shows This style had curved lines and rich ornamentation:
Spain as the only territory in the Spanish Empire. baroque.
This style was austere with little decoration. and windows) and decorations based on shapes in
Herrerian. nature.
45 THE 19TH CENTURY 47 FROM PRIMO DE RIVERA TO FRANCO
1. Circle two errors in each sentence. Then, write the 1. Order the events. Write a number from 1 to 5.
sentences correctly. 1. The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera began: 1923.
In 1807, France and Spain signed a treaty that 2. The Second Republic was proclaimed: 1931.
allowed French troops to cross into Spain to occupy
3. The Spanish Civil War began: 1936.
Portugal.
4. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco began: 1939.
Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France, replaced
King Fernando VII with his brother Jose Bonaparte. 5. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco ended: 1975.
The population of Madrid did not accept the French 2. Write Second Republic or Dictatorship of General Franco.
king, and on 2nd May 1808, they rebelled against
the French. This was the beginning of the War of Women got the right to vote: Second Republic.
Independence. Political parties were illegal: Dictatorship of General
Franco.
2. Circle the correct word.
There was no constitution: Dictatorship of General
During the War of Independence... Franco.
From top to bottom: Land was divided up among the peasants: Second
Liberals; Nationalists; Francophiles. Republic.
During the reign of Isabel II... The first Statutes of Autonomy were declared:
From top to bottom: Second Republic.
Conservatives; Liberals. Spain became internationally isolated: Dictatorship
of General Franco.
3. Write the year each event took place.
3. Circle the errors in each sentence. Then write the
Constitution of Cadiz: 1812.
sentences correctly.
Independence of Argentina: 1816.
During the Civil War, the Republicans supported the
War of Independence: 1808. Republic.
The war began in 1936 after General Francos coup.
46 LIFE IN THE 19TH CENTURY After the war, there was a dictatorship under General
1. Look at the diagram. Match each word with a social Franco.
class. Draw a line.
Upper class: 48 TRANSITION AND DEMOCRACY
nobles; rich merchants; bankers. 1. Match.
Middle class:
Adolfo Suarez: He was president between 1976 and
factory owners; doctors; lawyers; engineers.
1981.
Lower class:
Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo: He was president between
servants; beggars; peasants; factory workers. 1981 and 1982.
2. Write three sentences. Use the words. Felipe Gonzalez: He was president between 1982 and
1996.
M. A. The industrial revolution brought many important
economic changes possible in the 19th century. Jose Maria Aznar: He was president between 1996
M. A. Railways revolutionised transport. and 2004.
M. A. In the 19th century, textile and metal industries Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero: He became president
developed rapidly. in 2004.
3. This house was built in Barcelona by Antonio Gaudi. 2. Find the date of each event in the puzzle. Then write it
Explain why it is a Modernist structure. to complete the sentence.
M. A. It is Modernist because Modernist structures From top to bottom:
used new materials such as iron and glass (balconies 1975; 1977; 1978; 1986; 1995; 2002.
Answer key EXTENSION
1 PREPARE A BALANCED DIET 3 DIFFERENT WAYS OF SEEING THE WORLD

1. Study the information above, and answer the 1. Define the words.
questions. cone: a photoreceptor cell in the retina that
This information shows the quantities and number enables animals to see in colour with high-quality
of servings you should eat of the various types of images.
foods. rod: a photoreceptor cell in the retina that enables
Dairy, vegetables and fruits. animals to see in low light, but with low-quality
images.
Milk: 4 servings a day;
Vegetables: 2-4 servings aday. ommatidia: each of the many small eyes that form
compound eyes in many invertebrates.
M. A. (Model Answer). Because sweets have
carbohydrates and fats, and too many can cause 2. Think and explain.
obesity and other health problems.
Owls have more rods than cones in their retinas.
2. Complete the table. Make a list of all the food that More rods enable nocturnal animals to see better
you ate yesterday. Give approximate amounts. Then at night.
answer the question. Eagles use their eyes to see clearly at great
O. A. (Open Answer). distances and hunt prey. Their eyes have big pupils
with a large number of rods and cones in the
3. Read the advice, and prepare your own balanced diet central part of the retina.
for one day.
3. Match each type of eye to a living thing.
O. A.
A: 4; B:1; C: 2; D: 3.
2. THE RH FACTOR 4. Use the key to decipher the secret message.

Cones and rods are photoreceptor cells in the retina.
1. Read the text and answer the questions.
Plasma, red cells, white blood cells and platelets.
4 ULTRASOUND IMAGING
The main blood types are A, B, AB and O.
A universal donor is a person who can donate
blood to almost anybody without danger of An ultrasound scan is a diagnostic medical
rejection, such as people with type O blood. procedure used to produce visual images of organs
and structures inside the body. It is also used to
A universal recipient is a person who can receive
monitor the health and development of a fetus
any type of blood, such as people with type AB during pregnancy.
blood.
A transducer is applied to the skin and emits
2. Answer the questions. ultrasound waves. These waves reflect off internal
O. A. organs and produce an echo. The transducer
transforms the echo into an image.
3. Analyse the words. Match them to their definitions. Other medical diagnostic procedures are blood
In order from top to bottom: haemopathy; tests and x-rays.
haematologist; haemorrhage; haematoma;
2. Look at the ultrasound images. Answer the questions.
haemoglobin.
Image 1: the head, body, arm and leg.
4. What do you think the prefixes haemo- and haema-
Image 2: The face and body are more defined. The
mean? Answer.
body is curved and the arm is flexed so it can fit in
The prefixes haemo- and haema- mean blood. the same space.
5. Research about blood banks. Answer the questions. Image 3: It is sucking a finger.
M. A. A blood bank is a place where blood is 3. Examine the images again. Which one shows the
collected and stored for later use in medical fetus at a later stage of development?
procedures. Image 3 shows the fetus at a later stage. We can
M. A. Donating blood is important because it can distinguish most of the head, and the head and body
help people in need and save lives. are larger.
5 TYPES OF DISEASES Renewable energy is energy that comes from

1. Read and complete the table. natural sources such as the Sun, wind and oceans.
It cannot be depleted.
Type of disease: Deficiency. Caused by: the lack of an
essential nutrient in the diet. Example: scurvy. Spain is a good place because it receives many
Type of disease: Functional. Caused by: the hours of sunshine during the year.
malfunction of an organ. Example: diabetes. 2. Think about solar energy and give your opinion.
Type of disease: Degenerative. Caused by: ageing or
M. A.
deterioration of an organ. Example: Alzheimers.
Type of disease: Infectious. Caused by: an infectious Thermal is easier to use directly in the home because
agent. Example: the flu. it only needs a small system for heating and for hot
water.
2. Read the text. Answer the questions.
The AH1N1 flu would be classified as infectious 3. Look at the diagram of a solar thermal system. Draw
because it is caused by an infectious agent, a virus. arrows to show the path of the water.
It was a pandemic. It affected a large geographical Graphic answer.
area: many countries and several continents.
Sunlight heats the water in the collector. This water
3. Analyse your health during the past year, and answer. is stored in a tank and distributed through the
O. A. pipes to the rest of the building.
4. M. A. The most important factors are the hours
6 SPARKS OF INVENTION of sunlight, the space available for the collector or
1. Read the text. Then order from old to modern. panels, and the heating needs of the building.
Write a number.
1. Benjamin Franklin; 2. Alessandro Volta; 8 WATCHES ARE MACHINES
3. Hans Christian Oersted; 4. Michael Faraday;
1. Read the text, and answer the questions.
5. Thomas Alva Edison; 6. Samuel Morse;
M. A. A mechanical watch uses a mainspring
7. Heinrich Hertz. as the source of energy. The spring is wound
2. Match the inventor to the invention. into a tight coil. The energy from the spring
Alessandro Volta: the electric battery; is transformed into movement and transferred
to a gear train. The gear train moves the hands
Thomas Alva Edison: the incandescent light bulb;
ofthe watch.
Samuel Morse: the telegraph;
M. A. You do not need to wind quartz watches
Michael Faraday: his discoveries led to the
because they use batteries as the energy source.
development of the electric generator and motor;
Heinrich Hertz: a device to generate radio waves; 2. Find out what a clepsydra is and what it is used for.
Hans Christian Oersted: the electromagnet. Look at the picture and explain how it works.
3. Research Benjamin Franklins inventions. Find four of M. A. A clepsydra is a type of water clock. It was used
them in the wordsearch. in ancient times. It consists of containers, usually
made of stone. The containers were filled with water.
bifocals; lightning rod; furnace; odometer.
They had a small hole near the bottom which allowed
Graphic answer water to drip at a constant rate. As the water level
4. According to the text, Benjamin Franklin flew a kite in the container dropped, you could see marks on
to capture electricity from thunderclouds. What the container. The marks indicated the time that had
invention does this refer to? Where do we install it? passed.
It refers to the lightning rod. We install it on the roof 3. This is the inside of a mechanical watch. Look at the
of a building. gears. Draw arrows to show the direction in which
each gear wheel turns.
7 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
Graphic answer.
1. Read the text. Answer the questions.
4. Read the definitions and complete the word ladder.
Alternative energies are sources of energy that do
not pollute the environment. They are renewable Begin at the bottom.
and cannot be depleted. Top to bottom: A; at; cat; chat; watch.
9 MAP PROJECTIONS 11 LIFE EXPECTANCY

1. Read the text. Write the name under each projection. 1. Read the text. Then complete the sentences.
A: conic; B: cylindrical; C: polar. Life expectancy indicates the number of years the
average person lives.
2. Read and write. What type of projection would you
People usually live longer in developed countries.
use in each case?
Life expectancy depends on food, living conditions
From top to bottom: A polar projection; A conic
and health care systems.
projection; A cylindrical projection.
2. Study the map. Then, give examples. Write the names
3. Circle these words in the puzzle. Then write a of the countries.
definition for each one.
80 years: Canada, Sweden.
Graphic answer.
Between 70 and 80 years:
equator: the principal parallel;
M. A. United States, France, China.
latitude: the distance between any point on the Earth
Less than 50 years:
and the equator;
M. A. Sierra Leone, Angola, Afghanistan.
longitude: the distance between any point on the
Earth and the Greenwich meridian. 3 This table shows life expectancy by sex in four
meridian: an imaginary line that runs from pole to countries. Calculate the average life expectancy in
pole; each country and complete the table. Then write the
results on the map.
parallel: an imaginary line that circles the Earth;
Japan 80; Australia 76; Mexico 72; Swaziland 30.
tropics: an area near the equator;
world map: a map that represents the entire Earth. 4. Look at the map, and study the table. Then, answer.
North America, Europe, Asia.
10 THE MOST EUROPEAN RIVER Swaziland, Africa.
1. Why do you think the Danube is considered the most 5. Write T (true) or F (false).
European river? Explain. T; T; F.
M. A. The Danube is considered the most European 6. Why do you think countries with low life expectancy
river because it runs through the most European are poor countries?
countries.
M. A. Because the food, general living conditions
2. Unscramble the letters and write the names of the and health care systems in poor countries are not as
capitals the Danube passes through. good as they are in richer countries.
Germany: Berlin; Austria: Vienna;
12 EUROPA, THE PHOENICIAN PRINCESS
Slovakia: Bratislava; Hungary: Budapest;
Croatia: Zagreb; Serbia: Belgrade; 1. Read the story and write a summary.
Romania: Bucharest; Bulgaria: Sofia; M. A. Zeus fell in love with a Phoenician princess
named Europa. He transformed himself into a bull
Moldova: Chisinau; Ukraine: Kiev.
and carried her away to Crete. There, Zeus revealed
3. Use your maths skills. Read and discover the number his identity and declared his eternal love. He made
of inhabitants in each country. Europa queen of Crete. This is how the continent of
Europe got its name.
Germany: 82,600,000; Austria: 8,400,000;
Croatia: 4,400,000; Romania: 22,000,000; 2. Cypress trees are called evergreens. What does this
Serbia: 11,000,000; Moldova: 4,500.000; mean?
Hungary: 10,000,000; Slovakia: 5,300,000; An evergreen is a tree that has green leaves all year
Bulgaria 7,300,000; Ukraine: 22,000,000. round.
4. Complete the map with the names of the countries 3. Circle the names of eight European countries in the
the River Danube passes through. wordsearch. Copy them on the lines.
Graphic answer. Graphic answer.
Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Spain; Luxembourg; Greece; Malta; Denmark;
Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, Ukraine. Bulgaria; Finland; Poland.
Unscramble the letters on the gray background to 2. The Mayans inhabited the area of present-day Mexico,
discover the first capital of the United States. Guatemala and some parts of Belize, El Salvador and
Philadelphia. Honduras. Find these countries on the map and colour
them.
4. Read and identify the countries in the wordsearch. Graphic answer.
Use the Internet.
From top to bottom: Spain; Luxembourg; Greece; 3. Read the text. Answer the questions.
Malta; Denmark; Bulgaria; Finland; Poland. The Temple of Inscriptions is pyramid shaped.
5. Research about Robert Schuman. Find out why he is It was a funeral monument.
important. Write. People walked up the steps to reach the temple.
M. A. Robert Schuman is considered one of the Several chambers. Pakal the Great was buried
founding fathers of the European Union. He helped inside one of them.
write the Schuman Plan. This plan proposed joint
control of coal and steel production. Based on this
15 THE ENLIGHTENMENT
plan, six countries signed an agreement to form the
European Coal and Steel Community. 1. Read the text. Tick the correct answer.
a. The Enlightenment; b. In Europe and America;
c.He was a writer; d. In the 18th century; e. Freedom
13 ROMAN GODS
of thought. f. Because he was interested in the
1. Read the text. Tick the true sentences. problems of his time, such as inequality and poverty.
Minerva was the defender of the home. 2. What is an encyclopaedia? Write a description.
Jupiter was the husband of Juno. M. A. An encyclopaedia is a book or a group of books
Jupiter was the ruler of the gods. that contain information about many subjects.
2. Write the meaning of the words. Then use each in 3. Research each persons field. Then match the
a sentence. columns.
supreme ruler: a person who has the maximum Immanuel Kant: philosophy;
authority or power. M. A. The supreme ruler of Jose Celestino Mutis: natural science;
Egypt was the pharaoh.
Antonio Vivaldi: music;
warlike: combative, aggressive, hostile. M. A. The
warlike tribe attacked the village. Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos: politics;
polytheistic: the worship of more than one god. Isaac Newton: mathematics;
M. A. Many ancient civilisations had polytheistic Francisco de Goya: painting.
beliefs.
4. Francisco de Goya was a great portrait painter.
3. In Roman mythology, each god represented a specific Thisisthe portrait of his grandson Mariano. Study
activity. Match the descriptions and the pictures. thepainting. Describe the boy, his expression, his
A: 1; B: 5; C: 2; D: 3; E: 4; F: 6. clothes, the movement, the light, other objects you
can see, etc.
O. A.
14 THE MAYAN CIVILISATION
The Mayans lived in the Yucatan peninsula and
lowlands of Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras.
The rulers lived in Mayapan.
Society was organised into four groups: nobles,
priests, peasants and slaves.
Most people worked in the fields.
They built pyramid temples, altars and stelae.
Their most important god was the god of rain.
Their favourite game was a ball game.
Diagnostic tests
1 Living things and the environment . . . . . . . . . . 102
2 Forces and movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
3 The relief of Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
4 Population and the economy of Spain . . . . . . . 108
5 Changes across time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Individual results chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
ANSWER KEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

1 Living things and the environment DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Label the parts of the cell.
a. Algae belong to the fifth kingdom.
b. Bacteria are living things.
c. Fungi produce their own food.
d. Plants have nervous systems.
e. Living things are classified into five kingdoms.
3 Write the five levels of organisation in order.
organs cells organisms systems tissues

1. 4.
2. 5.
3.
4 Match.
plants take in oxygen from the air,

During respiration... and give off carbon dioxide.
plants take in carbon dioxide,

During photosynthesis...
and give off oxygen.
1
5 Write the name of each type of plant reproduction.
Plant reproduction with

flowers and seeds is called:

Plants reproduction without

flowers or seeds is called:

6 What is an ecosystem? Explain and give an example.
7 List three environmental problems caused by people.
8 Explain how the following actions can help protect the environment.
Turning off a light Using a bicycle

2 Forces and movement DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Look at the pictures, and answer the questions.
A B
What makes the ball move in picture A? Explain.
What makes the ball stop in picture B? Explain.
2 Explain what speed is. How can you calculate it?
Now, read and calculate the speed.

The distance between Madrid and Cordoba is 400 kilometres. Marta took four hours to travel this
distance by car. John took two hours to travel the same distance by train.
At what speed was Marta travelling? And John?
Marta was travelling at kph
John was travelling at kph
2
3 Look at the pictures, and answer the questions.

What force will make the skydiver fall to the ground? Explain.
What force will make the skydiver fall more slowly? Explain.
4 Match.
Wheels reduce friction.

Inclined planes

enable you to apply less force.
Pulleys

Levers change the direction of a force.

5 Identify these three types of levers.

A B C
6 Look at the picture. Why is an inclined plane useful in this building?
3 The relief of Spain DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Label the most important relief features on the map.
__________ Sea
N
W E
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
OCEAN
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Sea
________ OCEAN
Scale
0 111
Kilometres
Now, write the names of 189736 Diagnostic

the oceans and seasTest 6 p1
in the h1_Espaa
correct place. fisico
2 Complete the word map on Spanish coasts.
Spanish coasts
C
areas areas

Andalusia

Ceuta and Melilla
3
3 Write the name of the two archipelagos that are part of Spain.
4 Label the main Spanish rivers on the map.
N Cantabrian Sea
W E
AT L A N T I C
OCEAN
Mediterranean
Sea
AT L A N T I C O C E A N Scale
0 140
Ceuta
Melilla Kilometres
189736 Diagnostic Test 6 p2 h1_Espaa hidrografia
Colour the rivers: red Atlantic watershed, blue Mediterranean watershed, green Cantabrian
watershed.
5 Look at the map and answer the questions.

What climate is found in the shaded
N
area?
W E

S
What are the temperatures like?
What is precipitation like?
What is the vegetation like?
189736_DiagnosticTest6_p2_h2
4 Population and the economy of Spain DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
a. N
atural growth is the difference between the number of people who are born in an area
in one year and the number of people who die in the same year.
b. The population of Spain continues to increase because of negative natural growth and migration.
c. The population of Spain is concentrated on the coasts and in the cities.
d. The active population includes homemakers, students and retired people.
2 Look at the map, and answer the questions.
N Cantabrian Sea
ASTURIAS F R A N C E
A CORUA SANTANDER VIZCAYA
LUGO GUIPUZCOA
ALAVA
W E LEON BURGOS NAVARRE ANDORRA
PONTEVEDRA OURENSE PALENCIA RIOJA HUESCA GIRONA

LLEIDA
A T L A N T I C ZAMORA
VALLADOLID SORIA
S O C E A N ZARAGOZA BARCELONA
SEGOVIA
TARRAGONA
A L
SALAMANCA GUADALAJARA
KEY AVILA MADRID TERUEL
U G
CASTELLON
Country border
CUENCA
CACERES TOLEDO
Province border
R T
VALENCIA
POPULATION DENSITY BALEARIC
P O
(Inhabitants per square kilometre) CIUDAD REAL ALBACETE ISLANDS

BADAJOZ
ALICANTE
Less than 10 From 61 to 100
CORDOBA JAEN MURCIA
From 10 to 30 From 101 to 600
Mediterranean
HUELVA
From 31 to 60 More than 600 SEVILLE
GRANADA
Sea
ALMERIA
MALAGA
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
SANTACRUZ CADIZ
DETENERIFE LASPALMAS
Ceuta
Melilla A L G E R I A
M O R O C C O
What information can you find on this189736_Diagnostic

map? Test 7_p1
What is the population density? How is it calculated?
What provinces have the highest population density?
Which two provinces have the lowest population density?
4
3 Calculate the population density of these Spanish provinces.
Province Population Area Density

Cadiz 1,207,343 7,435 km2
Salamanca 351,326 12,349 km2

Valencia 2,486,483 10,806 km2
4 Read the clues and circle the words in the wordsearch. Then, copy them on the lines.
a. A fuel Spain imports.
b. The most abundant livestock in Spain.
c. The main activity in the tertiary sector in Spain.
d. The Autonomous Community with the most fishermen.
e. A person who is part of the active population and looking for work.
f. The economic sector which employs the least people.
D G P R U M T M X U a.
G E B R E N O U F N
G A Y U I G U T H E b.
T H L O N M R O U M
c.
W L C I L U A U C P
G P N C C P S R Z L d.
E I L X I I M I Y O
M G J B D I A S M Y e.
G S A J T U P M N E
f.
P E T R O L E U M D
4 Look at the pie chart. Describe how the active population is distributed in Spain.
Tertiary sector
Tertiary sector

65%
(65%)

Secondary sector
Secondary sector Primary sector
Primary sector
(30%)
30% (5%)
5%
5 Changes across time DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Complete the word map. Write the main characteristics of Prehistory.
Prehistory

characteristics characteristics characteristics

2 Colour the zones and circles on the map. Use the legend.
Cantabrian Sea
yellow Iberian zone ASTURES

OCEAN
EI
CCA
ES
VA N Rhode
red Celtic and celtiberian zone LU
SO Emporion
AREVACI NI
VETTONES
CA
LA I E TA
RP
ET
blue
AN
Saguntum
Greek colonies
I
AT L A N T I C
Hemeroskopeion
CELTS CONTESTANI Ebyssos
green Phoenician colonies

TURDETANI
TET
AN
I MEDITERRANEAN
BAS Car tago Nova SEA
Gadir Sexi Abdera
Malaca
grey Carthaginian colonies
3 Answer the questions. 189736 Test_Diagnostic Test 8 p 1
What were the wars between the Romans and the Carthaginians called?
What did the Romans call the Iberian Peninsula?
What were the five provinces in Roman Hispania?
5
The Visigoth kingdom
Before the year , the Roman Empire was frequently attacked
by tribes, who came from the north of Europe. The Visigoths were one
of these tribes. They arrived in Hispania, and founded a kingdom with
as its capital. Three important Visigoth kings were ,
and .
5 Match the historic events and dates. Write the letter under the date.
A B C
The conquest of Granada Taifa Kingdoms The Caliphate of Cordoba
D E
The Battle of Navas de Tolosa The Moors invaded the Visigoth kingdom
711 929 1031 1212 1492

6 Match.
Pelayo Kingdom of Asturias

Alfonso I Crown of Castile

Fernando III
Crown of Castile and Aragon
Isabel I of Castile
Fernando II of Aragon Crown of Aragon

7 Explain the differences between Romanesque buildings and Gothic buildings.
Name Date
Yes NR* Comments
Living things and the environment
Identify the parts of a cell.
Identify some of the characteristics

of living things.
Recognise the five levels of organisation.
Identify two types of plant reproduction.
Describe what an ecosystem is.
Identify environmental problems and

solutions.
Forces and movement
Recognise the effects of forces on

movement.
Identify the forces involved in various
types of movement.
Identify different types of simple
machines.
The relief of Spain
Identify the main relief features

of Spain.
Identify Spanish coasts.
Recognise the climates of Spain.
Name and locate the main rivers and

watersheds in Spain.
Interpret maps using conventional

symbols.
Yes NR* Comments
Population and the economy of Spain
Use some concepts related to

population and the economy.
Understand how population is

distributed inSpain.
Identify some of the main activities in

the three economic sectors in Spain
Describe the distribution of the Spanish

population by economic sector.
Analyse and interpret pie charts.
Changes across time
Know the three ages of Prehistory and

their characteristics.
Name the people who inhabited the

Iberian Peninsula in antiquity.
Describe the Roman conquest of the

Iberian Peninsula and describe the
territorial organisation of Roman Spain.
Identify some of the main

characteristics of the Visigoth kingdom.
Identify essential facts of the Moorish

occupation of the peninsula during the
Middle Ages.
Identify the Christian kingdoms up to

1492.
Describe the differences between

Romanesque and Gothic buildings.
NP: Needs reinforcement.
Answer key DIAGNOSTIC TEST
1 Living things AND THE ENVIRONMENT 4. Match.

1. Label the parts of the cell. Wheels reduce friction.
Left from top to bottom: cytoplasm; organelle. Inclined planes enable you to apply less force.
Right from top to bottom: nucleus; membrane. Pulleys change the direction of a force.
Levers enable you to apply less force.
2. Write T (true) or F (false).
T, T, F, F, T. 5. Identify these three types of levers.
A: Third-class; B: second-class; C: first-class.
3. Write the five levels of organisation in order.
1: cells; 2: tissues; 3: organs; 4: systems; 6. Look at the picture. Why is an inclined plane useful in
5: organisms. this building?
An inclined plane is useful because you need less
4. Match. force to move an object up a ramp than to lift it
During respiration, plants take in oxygen from the air straight up on stairs.
and give off carbon dioxide.
During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide 3 The relief of Spain
and give off oxygen.
1. Label the most important relief features on the map.
5. Write the name of each type of plant reproduction.
From top to bottom and left to right: Cantabrian Range;
From top to bottom: sexual reproduction; asexual
Pyrenees; Iberian Mountain Chain; Central Mountain
reproduction.
Chain; Sierra Morena; Betic Mountain Chain.
6. What is an ecosystem? Explain and give an example. Now, write the names of the oceans and seas in the
M.A. An ecosystem is a community of living things in correct place.
a physical environment. Examples: Top centre: Cantabrian Sea; top left: Atlantic Ocean;
forests, grasslands, deserts, oceans, lakes, etc. bottom left: Atlantic Ocean; right: Mediterranean Sea.
7. List three environmental problems caused by people. 2. Complete the word map on Spanish coasts.
M. A. Pollution, deforestation, smog, global Cantabrian coast.
warming, greenhouse gases, soil erosion; oil spills, Atlantic coast: areas Galicia; Andalusia; Canary
desertification; species extinction; etc. Islands.
8. Explain how the following actions can help protect the Mediterranean coast: areas: Andalusia;
environment. Murcia and the Valencian community;
Turning off a light saves electricity. Coast of Catalonia and the Balearic Islands;
Using a bicycle saves fuel. Coast of Ceuta and Melilla.
3. Write the name of the two archipelagos that are part
2 Forces and movement of Spain.
The Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands.
1. Look at the pictures, and answer the questions.
The force of the club makes it move. 4. Label the main Spanish rivers on the map.
The ball stops because of friction. Clockwise starting at the top left: Mio; Duero; Ebro;
Jucar; Segura; Guadalquivir; Guadiana; Tagus.
2. Explain what speed is. How can you calculate it?
Colour the rivers: red - Atlantic watershed, blue
M. A. Speed is the rate of movement. To calculate - Mediterranean watershed, green - Cantabrian
speed, you divide distance by the time it takes to watershed.
travel the distance.
red: Tagus; Duero; Guadiana; Guadalquivir; Mio.
Now, read and calculate the speed.
blue: Ebro; Jucar; Segura; Turia; Ter.
Marta: 400: 4 = 100 km/h; John: 400: 2 = 200 km/h.
green: Navia; Nalon; Eo Nervion; Bidasoa.
3. Look at the pictures, and answer the questions.
5. Look at the map and answer the questions.
M. A. Gravity makes the skydiver fall. Gravity
The Mediterranean climate.
attracts all bodies towards the Earths surface.
M. A. Friction makes the skydiver fall more slowly. Temperatures are mild because it is near the sea.
Friction slows down moving objects. It occurs when There is little precipitation, especially in summer.
a body moves through air or water. The vegetation is Mediterranean forest.
Answer key DIAGNOSTIC TEST
4 population and the economy if Spain blue: Rhode; Emporion, Saguntum; Hemeroskopeion.
1. Write T (true) or F (false). green: Gadir, Sexi; Malaca; Abdera.
grey: Ebyssos; Cartago Nova.
a: T; b: F; c: T; d: F.
3. Answer the questions.
2. Look at the map, and answer the questions.
Punic Wars. Hispania. Baetica, Lusitania,
Information on population density.
Tarraconense, Gallaecia and Carthaginense.
Population density is the number of inhabitants per
square kilometre. To calculate it, divide the total 4. Complete the text.
number of inhabitants in a place by its surface Before the year 400 A.D., the Roman Empire was
area. frequently attacked by Germanic tribes, who came
The provinces with the highest population density from the north of Europe. The Visigoths were
are Madrid and Barcelona. one of these tribes. They arrived in Hispania, and
The two provinces with the lowest population founded a kingdom with Toledo as its capital. Three
density are Soria and Teruel. important Visigoth kings were Liuvigild; Recarred and
Recceswinth.
3. Calculate the population density of these Spanish
provinces. 5. Match the historic events and dates. Write the letter
2 under the date.
Cadiz 1,207,343 divided by 7,435 km = 162.38
inhabitants/km2. 711 - E: The Moors invaded the Visigoth kingdom;
Salamanca 351,326 divided by 12,349 km2 = 28.44 929 - C: The Caliphate of Cordoba;
inhabitants/km2. 1031 - B: Taifa Kingdoms;
Valencia: 2,486,483 divided by 10,806 km2 = 230.1 1212 - D: The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa;
inhabitants/km2. 1492 - A: The conquest of Granada.
4. Read the clues and circle the words in the 6. Match.
wordsearch. Then, copy them on the lines.
Pelayo: Kingdom of Asturias;
a. petroleum; b. pigs; c. tourism; d. Galicia; Alfonso I: Crown of Aragon;
e. unemployed.
Fernando III: Crown of Castile;
5. Look at the pie chart. Describe how the active Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon: Crown
population is distributed in Spain. of Castile and Aragon.
Five out of every 100 people work in the primary
7. Explain the differences between Romanesque
sector. Thirty out of every 100 people work in the
buildings and Gothic buildings.
secondary sector. Sixty-five out of every 100 people
work in the tertiary sector. M. A. Romanesque buildings were solid with thick,
stone walls and round arches. They had few windows
and the interior was dark. Gothic buildings were tall
5 Changes across time and slender with thin walls and pointed arches. They
1. Complete the word map. Write the main had many large stained glass windows, so the interior
characteristics of Prehistory. was light.
M. A. Palaeolithic: People were nomads. Tools were
made of wood, bone and stone. Cave paintings of
animals.
Neolithic: people cultivated crops and domesticated
animals. They built villages and became sedentary.
Tools were made of polished stone. Pottery and cloth
were invented. Cave paintings showed scenes of
dancing, hunting and gathering.
Metal Ages: People made objects from metal.
Villages grew into towns. The wheel, the sail and
plough were invented.
2. Colour the zones and circles on the map. Use the key.
yellow: lower south and east portion of the peninsula.
red: upper north and west portion of the peninsula.
Assessment
Unit Unit
assessments tests
1 Nutrition I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 148
2 Nutrition II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 149
3 Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 150
4 Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 151
5 Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 152
6 Electricity and magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 153
7 Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 154
8 Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 155
9 Representations of the Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 156
10 European landscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 157
11 The population and economy of Europe . . . . . 138 158
12 The European Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 159
13 From Prehistory to the Middle Ages . . . . . . . . 142 160
14 The Modern Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 161
15 The Contemporary Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 162
Term assessments
Term 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Term 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Term 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Term tests
Term 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Term 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Term 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Answer keys
Unit assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Term assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
1 Nutrition I ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Explain the function of nutrition.
2 Make a word map of the processes and systems involved in nutrition.
3 What organ systems obtain and transport the oxygen we need?
4 Write two examples for each category.
Nutrients from
animal sources
Nutrients from
vegetable sources
5 Which of these components of food is not a nutrient? Explain why.
vitamins lipids fibre water minerals carbohydrates

1
6 What happens if a diet is too rich in carbohydrates and fats? Explain your answer.
7 List the helper glands and the substances they produce.

8 Label the diagram of the digestive system.
9 Define.
bolus

chyme

chyle
10 When does the absorption of food take place? Explain.
2 Nutrition II ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Explain what respiration consists of.
2 Describe gas exchange in the alveoli during respiration.
3 Look at the pictures. Write inspiration or expiration.
A B
Write the name of the muscles that carry out breathing movements.
a. The kidneys filter the blood in our body. c. Urine is expelled as soon as it is produced.
b. Urine is expelled through the urethra. d. The ureters connect the urethra to the bladder.

Where is sweat formed?

What does sweat consist of?
2
6 Label the diagram of the excretory system.
Types of blood cells Function
8 Draw the heart and label its parts. Use arrows to show the direction of blood circulation.
9 Answer these questions about systemic circulation.
What part of the circulatory system transports blood from the heart to the rest of the body?

What process takes place in the capillaries?

Which part of the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body?
10 Explain the difference between systole and diastole.

3 Sensitivity ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Explain what the function of sensitivity consists of.
2 What group of organs and what systems are involved in sensitivity?
3 Complete the word map on the nervous system.

nervous system
cerebellum
Nervous
system

nervous system
motor nerves
4 What parts of the skeletal system protect the brain and the spinal cord?
5 Complete the diagram of the neuron. Then, answer the question.
What do a group of axons form?

3
6 Look at the picture. Write reflex movement or voluntary movement. Explain your answer.
7 Write the word that corresponds to each definition.

Muscles that create opposite movements.
An elastic material that covers the ends of bones.
Special cells that can detect stimuli from the environment.
8 Explain what involuntary muscles are. Give two examples.
9 Label the main endocrine glands.
Explain the functions of the hormones produced in the pituitary gland.
10 Anna had an accident and has difficulty maintaining her balance.

What part of her brain was damaged? Think and answer.
4 Reproduction ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Explain what secondary sexual characteristics are. Give three examples.
2 Label the diagram. Then, circle the correct word.
This diagram represents the male / female reproduction system.
3 Write the part of the reproductive system.

It produces the female sex cells.
The baby grows inside this part of the body during pregnancy.
They produce spermatozoa.
A tissue sac that protects the testicles.

What are the sex cells involved in fertilisation?
What cell is created by the union of an ovule and a spermatozoa?
5 Explain the difference between each pair of words.

semen spermatozoa

ovule ovary
4
spermatozoa male tail
ovules female large spherical
7 Explain how fertilisation takes place.

The embryo is found inside a sac filled with a liquid called .
The embryo receives nutrients and oxygen from its mother through the .
The embryo is joined to the placenta by the .
After the third month, the embryo is called a .
9 Label the diagram.
10 Order the stages of birth. Write 1, 2 and 3.
a. The dilation stage. The opening to the uterus gradually gets wider.
b. The afterbirth. The expulsion of the placenta.
c. The expulsion stage. The baby exits the mothers body through the vagina.
5 Health ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Define health.
2 List five healthy habits.


how quickly they appear
and how long they last
Illness and disease

can be classified by
their origin
4 What is the difference between epidemic and endemic diseases? Explain your answer.
5 List three effects for each drug.

Effects of
alcohol use

Effects of
tobacco use

5
6 Why is the use of drugs a risk to your health? Explain your answer.
7 Name the infectious agent that causes each type of infection.

tetanus or salmonella
athletes foot
flu or AIDS
malaria
8 How can microbes enter our body? Write five examples.

9 Circle the four mistakes in the text. Then, write the sentences correctly.
Antibiotics are substances that are toxic to viruses. Antibiotics are not harmful to people,
therefore, they are very effective in fighting infections caused by viruses, fungi or protozoans.
10 Explain what happens when a vaccine is injected into a healthy person.

6 Electricity and magnetism ASSESSment
Name Date
All objects have and electrical charges. If an object has
more positive charges than negative charges, it is charged. If it has more
negative charges than positive charges, it is charged. Objects with the same
charge . Objects with different charges .
2 Look at the pictures and explain what changes are taking place.
A B C
3 Explain the diagram. Describe the action of the forces.

+

4 What is an electromagnet? Answer.
5 Will these magnets attract or repel each other? Why?
6
6 Read the definition and write the word.

Organised movement of electrical charges through material.
A magnetic instrument that shows directions.

Materials that do not conduct electrical current.
7 Name three types of energy produced by electrical current.
8 Label the components of this electrical circuit.
9 Explain the function of each element in an electrical circuit.

generator

cables

switch
10 Look at this electrical circuit. Will the light bulb turn on? Why or why not?

7 Energy ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Read and write the type of energy.

Due to their movement, objects have this type of energy.
Substances such as fuel or food have this type of energy.
Substances such as uranium or plutonium have this type of energy.

Properties of energy
Energy can be Energy can be Energy can be Energy can be

Now, write an example to explain each of these properties.

a. A thermometer is an instrument used to measure heat.
b. Heat is a form of energy that makes the temperature of objects rise.
c. Metals are good insulators of heat.
d. When an object loses heat, its temperature rises.
4 Explain the difference between expansion and contraction.
5 When we rub our hands together, and they get warm, what energy transformation takes place?
Think and answer.
7
6 Why does the temperature of a room rise when it fills up with people? Think and answer.
7 Write the type of energy used in each power plant.

thermal power plants
nuclear power plants
hydroelectric power plants
8 Name two types of power plants that use renewable energy.
9 Explain what radioactive waste is.
10 Look at the pictures and explain how electrical energy comes into our homes.
8 Machines ASSESSment
Name Date

What do we use machines for?
What are the three main types of machines?
2 Look at three machines. What does each one do for us?
A B C
3 Explain what a sensor is and write four examples.
4 Explain what an operating part is.
5 Look at the picture. What type of machine is it? What type of energy does it use?
8
6 This sentence is not correct. Write the correct version.

Sensors give us information about how a machine works.
7 Write the name of each mechanism. Explain how it works.
A

B

C

8 Name three types of operating parts in a bicycle. Explain what each does.
9 Circle the machines that have a motor. Then, write the type of motor it is.
chainsaw blender bicycle hammer

10 How have technological advances changed society? Give one example for each area.
work
transportation
health
communication
9 Representations of the Earth ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Explain why the best way to represent the Earth is a globe.
2 Define.
map

world map

scale
3 Look at the map. Write A, B, C or D.
north latitude + west longitude north latitude + east longitude

south latitude + east longitude south latitude + west longitude

C
B
Scale
0 2,000
Kilometres
134 189736U9p1
Top Science 6 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L.
9
4 What is the Greenwich Meridian? Label the Greenwich Meridian on the map in Activity 3.
5 Label the continents and oceans on the map in Activity 3.
6 Look at the map in Activity 3 and complete the table.
Point Latitude Longitude Hemisphere

A
B
C
D
7 Explain the difference between a relief map of the world and a political map of the world.
8 This text is not correct. Write the correct version.

Meridians are imaginary lines that circle the Earth. These lines are parallel to the equator.
The equator is the principal meridian.
9 Look at the map and calculate the actual distance between La Poveda and El Otero.
Scale: 1:1,000,000
10 European landscapes ASSESSment
Name Date

a. Europe lies in the southern hemisphere.
b. The Iberian, Italian and Irish Peninsulas are in southern Europe.
c. The Scandinavian Mountains are the eastern boundary between Europe and Asia.
d. The Black Forest Mountains are found on the Great European Plain.

What are fjords? Where are they found?

What are massifs?
3 Think about European relief features. Where are plains found? Where are the highest mountains found?
4 Describe the European coast. Give examples of three coastal features.
5 Complete the table with the characteristics of European climates.
Climate Temperatures Precipitation
10
6 Match.
continental climate oceanic climate polar climate

taiga tundra meadows

7 Write the name of one European river for each watershed.

Arctic watershed
Atlantic watershed
Mediterranean watershed
Black Sea watershed
Caspian Sea watershed
8 Look at the map. Write the number that corresponds to each feature.
a. Vosges Range
b. Cape St. Vincent
c. Jutland Peninsula
d. The Alps
e. Mount Elbrus
f. River Danube
g. River Volga
h. Iceland
9 Complete the table of Spanish watersheds.
Watershed Name of a river
10 Describe what the relief is like in Spain.

11 The population and economy
of Europe
ASSESSment
Name Date
Characteristics of the population of Europe
The number The population is ageing Most of the population

of inhabitants is... because... is concentrated in...

2 Explain the effects of immigration on the European population.
3 Write the names of three European countries for each characteristic.

High population density
Low population density
4 Look at the pie chart. Explain why it is not correct.

Tertiary sector
Primary sector
65%
(66%)

Tertiary sector
Secondary sector Secondary
Primarysector
sector
(30%)
30% (4%)
5%
5 Describe livestock farming and fishing in Europe.
189736_Diagnostic Test 7 p2
11
6 What are the main industries in Europe?
Name one secondary sector industry in Spain.
7 Why is the Spanish population ageing? Write two main factors.

8 Write a sentence with each group of words.
European immigration population growth

ageing birth rate life expectancy Europe

9 What are the most important activities in the tertiary sector in Europe?
Name one tertiary sector activity in Spain.
10 Most people in Europe live in cities. Why? Think and answer.

12 The European Union ASSESSment
Name Date

What is the European Union?

Why was it created?
2 Look at the map of the EU. What stage of development does it correspond to: the first, the present or
the future? Explain your answer
Netherlands
West
Belgium
Luxembourg
Germany

France
Italy

3 Explain what the eurozone is.

189736U12p1

4 List three joint measures adopted by the European Union.


Institutions of the European Union
12
6 Read and write the name of these institutions of the European Union.
It makes all the important decisions in the European Union.
It upholds European Union laws.
It is the government of the European Union.
The European Parliament approves European and co-ordinates economic .
It controls all the institutions of the European Union. The European Parliament is elected every
years. Its members are called . They are
elected directly by EU citizens in each member state. The parliament also has a who
directs the activities of the parliament and is present at the sessions. Meetings of the European
Parliament are held in and .
8 What are the symbols of the European Union? Describe them.
9 What is the single market? Explain its significance.
10 Colour the countries ARCTIC OCEAN

that form the
European Union
blue.
N
EA
OC
IC
NT
LA
ck Sea
Bla
AT
Scale
0 503 Canary M e d i t e r r ane
Islands an
Kilometres Sea
189736U12P2
13 From Prehistory to the Middle Ages ASSESSment
Name Date

What is Prehistory?

List the three ages of Prehistory.

When did Prehistory begin? When did it end?
2 Complete with the ages of Prehistory.
In the , people made tools of polished stone and textiles.
In the , people hunted, fished and gathered fruit and vegetables.
In the , villages and towns grew into small cities.
3 Explain why people in the Neolithic Age stopped being nomads.
4 Describe the paintings of the Neolithic Age.
The Celts The Iberians
Location:
Professions:
13
6 Identify the kingdom described in this text.

There was a kingdom in the Guadalquivir valley. Its territory was very rich in metals such
as gold, silver, copper and tin. The inhabitants were experts in making objects out of metal.
7 Match each colony with its location and its arrival on the Iberian Peninsula.
Greek Balearic Islands and the eastern Iberian Peninsula seventh century B.C.
Phoenician Andalusian coast sixth century B.C.
Carthaginian Catalonian coast third century B.C.

a. The Romans landed in Emporion in 380 BC.
b. The Romans divided Hispania into provinces.
c. Roman cities had two main streets: the cardo and the forum.
d. Aqueducts brought fresh water to the cities.
9 Write the date of each historic event.

The Battle of Navas de Tolosa The conquest of the Kingdom of Granada

The Moorish conquest began The Taifa Kingdoms appeared
10 Name the architectural style of each church. Explain your answer.

A B

14 The Modern Age in Spain ASSESSment
Name Date
1 List the territories conquored by the Catholic Monarchs.
2 Why are these people famous?

Christopher Columbus

Hernan Cortes

Francisco Pizarro

Who were the pre-Columbian peoples?

How did the Spanish organise their territory in America?
4 Colour the map. Use the key.
green Inca Empire AT L A N T I C
PAC I F I C
red OCEAN
Aztec Empire OCEAN
orange Maya Empire
5 The Spanish Empire had many territories in the 16th century. Name the continents where they were located.
189736U14p1

14
6 Match each historic event to the king who was ruling at the time.
The Battle of Lepanto

Carlos I
The defeat of the Spanish Armada

The revolt of the Communities
Felipe II
The problems with the Lutherans
7 Tick the events that led to the War of Succession.
a. The king raised taxes and the population e. The Netherlands wanted
became poorer. independence.
b. Carlos II died without a successor. f. European countries supported the
Archduke Charles or Philip of Anjou,
c. The kings favourites tried to give him
depending on their own interests.
more power.
g. In Spain, Castile supported Philip
d. There were two candidates for the Spanish
of Anjou, and Aragon supported
throne, one from Germany and one from France.
the Archduke Charles.
8 Define.
favourite or valido:

absolute monarchy:

Society in the 17th century
Unprivileged
Clerics
7 Write the name of a famous person for each profession in the Modern Age.
A Spanish painter
A Spanish writer
A Spanish sculptor
15 The Contemporary Age in Spain ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Match the historic event to the date it took place.

The end of the War of Independence when Fernando VII returned as King of Spain. 1808
The first Spanish Constitution was approved. 1812
The start of the War of Independence. 1814
Argentina won its independence. 1816
Fernando VII abolished the Constitution of Cadiz, and established an
. He persecuted the . Some of them left Spain to avoid jail.
Others tried to take power through a , which is a sudden seizure of power
from a government. The American colonies took advantage of the political disorder on the peninsula,
and began to struggle for .
3 Explain the difference between an absolute monarchy and a constitutional monarchy.
4 Who was General Primo de Rivera, and what did he do?
5 Answer the questions about the Spanish Civil War.

How did it start?

What two groups fought against each other?

How long did the war last?
15

a. In 1939, Francisco Franco established a democracy.
b. The first Statutes of Autonomy were declared during the Second Republic.
c. Francisco Franco allowed political parties and labour unions.
d. During the dictatorship under Franco, Spain was internationally isolated.
7 This text is not correct. Write the correct version.

The transition was the period of political changes that were made to move from the monarchy
of General Franco towards democracy. This process began in 1936 and ended in 1982.
8 When did these historic events take place? Write the correct year.
Juan Carlos I was crowned King of Spain.
The first democratic elections that were held in Spain since 1936.
The current Constitution was approved.
Spain joined the European Community.
9 List the presidents of the Spanish government since the approval of the last Constitution.

Society in the nineteenth century
middle class

bourgeois
servants

Nutrition I TEST 1
Name Date
1. The systems involved in nutrition are... 6. The first stage of the digestive process
a. the digestive, respiratory, excretory is
and circulatory systems. a. digestion.
b. the mouth, the stomach, the large b. nutrition.
intestine and the small intestine.
c. absorption.
c. blood and oxygen.
7. The elimination of waste is carried out
2. The nutrients necessary to grow and repair by the
our bodies are
a. excretory system.
a. vitamins.
b. respiratory system.
b. lipids.
c. digestive system.
c. proteins.
8. Gastric juices are produced in the
3. Helper glands produce
a. stomach.
a. food.
b. oesophagus.
b. digestive juices.
c. small intestine.
c. gastric juices.
9. Fruit is rich in
4. The process in which nutrients pass from
a. carbohydrates, proteins and fibre.
the digestive tube to the blood is called
b. fibre, vitamins, minerals and
a. digestion. carbohydrates.
b. absorption. c. fats, proteins and vitamins.
c. elimination of waste.
10. The liver produces
5. Fibre is a a. saliva.
a. nutrient from animal sources. b. pancreatic juice.
b. component of food from vegetable c. bile.
sources.
c. component of proteins.
Nutrition II TEST 2
Name Date
1. During respiration... 6. Urine is expelled through the

a. we expel carbon dioxide and oxygen. a. bladder.
b. air enters the lungs through systole b. ureters.
and diastole. c. urethra.
c. we expel carbon dioxide and obtain
oxygen. 7. Blood enters the heart at the atria
through the
2. The elimination of waste substances from
a. veins.
the blood is called
b. arteries.
a. respiration.
c. capillaries.
b. excretion.
c. circulation. 8. Blood circulation
a. distributes nutrients and oxygen
3. Arteries are blood vessels which through the body, and picks up waste
a. circulate blood inside the organs. substances.
b. carry blood away from the heart. b. obtains oxygen from the air, and
c. carry blood to the heart. eliminates carbon dioxide.
c. eliminates waste substances and
4. The period of contraction of the heart is oxygen.
called
9. The trachea divides into two
a. diastole.
a. lungs.
b. inspiration.
b. bronchi.
c. systole.
c. alveoli.
5. The thoracic cavity is formed by the
10. The part of the excretory system that
a. lungs, the heart and the kidneys.
connects the kidneys to the bladder is
b. sternum, the ribs and part of the
called the
spinal column.
a. atrium.
c. larynx, the trachea and the
bronchi. b. urethra.
c. ureters.
Sensitivity TEST 3
Name Date
1. The bones and muscles form the 6. The muscles receive orders from the
a. nervous system. central nervous system through the
b. locomotor system. a. motor nerves.
c. circulatory system. b. voluntary nerves.
c. reflex nerves.
2. The receptor cells
a. form the brain. 7. The brain stem
b. can detect stimuli from a. regulates the activity of man
the environment. of our organs.
c. are the most important part of b. co-ordinates movements
the spinal cord. and maintains balance.
c. controls all voluntary acts.
3. Bones are held together at the joints
by 8. Insulin is produced by the
a. tendons. a. thyroid.
b. cartilage. b. pituitary gland.
c. ligaments. c. pancreas.
4. Sensitivity is controlled by the 9. The systems involved in internal

a. skeletal system. co-ordination are the
b. nervous system. a. nervous system, the involuntary
muscles and the endocrine system.
c. muscular system.
b. circulatory, digestive and nervous
5. The part of a neuron which transmits systems.
information to other neurons and sends c. locomotor system, the brain and the
orders to the organs of the body is the sense organs.
a. body.
10. The central nervous system consists
b. dendrites. ofthe
c. axon. a. nerves.
b. brain and the spinal cord.
c. endocrine system and the brain.
Reproduction TEST 4
Name Date
1. The physical differences between men 6. During birth, the baby exits through the
and women are the a. placenta.
a. reproductive systems. b. navel.
b. sexual characteristics. c. vagina.
c. sexual hormones.
7. The elastic hollow organ where the baby
2. The female sex cells are the grows during pregnancy is the
a. ovules. a. uterus.
b. spermatozoa. b. vagina.
c. ovaries. c. vulva.
3. The period of a womans life between 8. The first cell of a new being is called
fertilisation and the birth of a baby is a. a fetus.
called b. a zygote.
a. zygote. c. an embryo.
b. embryo.
9. The placenta is an organ that forms
c. pregnancy.
in the
4. The tissue sac that protects the testicles is a. uterus.
the b. ovaries.
a. urethra. c. Fallopian tubes.
b. scrotum.
10. The stage of birth in which the expulsion
c. prostrate.
of the placenta occurs is the
5. The liquid that transports and feeds sperm a. afterbirth.
cells is called b. expulsion stage.
a. semen. c. dilation stage.
b. placenta.
c. amniotic fluid.
Health TEST 5
Name Date
1. A state of complete physical, mental 6. Medicines given to healthy people to

and social well-being is called protect them from infectious diseases
a. health. are called
b. healthy habits. a. antibiotics.
c. personal hygiene. b. vaccines.
c. injections.
2. Parasitic infections are caused by
a. bacteria. 7. Depending on how quickly they appear
b. viruses. and how long they last, illnesses
can be
c. protozoans.
a. infectious or non-infectious.
3. These substances are toxic to bacteria, b. acute or chronic.
but not harmful to people:
c. epidemic or endemic.
a. antibiotics.
b. vaccines. 8. Athletes foot is caused by
c. suppositories. a. protozoans.
b. fungi.
4. Infectious diseases that only affect a few
c. a virus.
people are called
a. epidemic diseases. 9. Infectious diseases that are common
b. sporadic diseases. in a particular area or region are called
c. endemic diseases. a. epidemic diseases.

b. endemic diseases.
5. Salmonella is a disease caused by
c. chronic illnesses.
a. the bite of an insect.
b. contaminated food. 10. Malaria is a disease caused by
c. contaminated water. a. a vaccine.

b. the bite of an insect.
c. contaminated water.
Electricity and magnetism TEST 6
Name Date
1. Electrical charges of the same type 6. If the same poles of two magnets are put
a. attract. close to each other, the magnets will
b. repel. a. do nothing.
c. are neutral. b. move together.
c. repel each other.
2. Some magnets can attract other objects.
This property is called 7. If more electrical charges circulate
a. electricity. through an object, the current is
b. magnetism. a. stronger.
c. gravity. b. weaker.
c. the same.
3. Materials that carry electrical current well
are called 8. The component of an electrical circuit
a. conductors. that controls current flow is the
b. insulators. a. generator.
c. positive. b. switch.
c. motor.
4. The component of an electrical circuit
that produces the electrical current 9. When a compass is in a horizontal
is the position, the needle turns until it points
a. cable. to the
b. motor. a. north.
c. generator. b. south.
c. axis of rotation.
5. When an object is left with more negative
charges, we say it is 10. For electrical current to flow through
a. positively charged. an electrical circuit, the
b. positively and negatively charged. a. circuit must be closed.
c. negatively charged. b. switch must be open.
c. generator must have one terminal.
Energy TEST 7
Name Date
1. Due to their movement, objects have 7. Too much carbon dioxide in the
a. thermal energy. atmosphere is causing
b. light energy. a. acid rain.
c. mechanical energy. b. the depletion of resources.
c. global warming.
2. An instrument used to measure
temperature is the 8. Energy has many properties.
a. conductor. For example, it can be
b. thermometer. a. transformed into fossil fuel.
c. insulator. b. stored and transported.
c. transformed from one type
3. When an object increases in size because of energy to another.
the temperature rises, this is called
a. contraction. 9. When two objects of different
temperatures come in contact
b. heat.
a. the object with the higher
c. expansion.
temperature transfers heat to the
object with the lower temperature.
4. Turbines or generators are not used in
b. the object with the lower temperature
a. nuclear power plants.
transfers heat to the object with the
b. solar thermal power plants. higher temperature.
c. solar photovoltaic power plants. c. both objects transfer heat into
the air.
5. Energy is transported from power plants to
the places where it is consumed through 10. The machines used to turn a generator
a. cells. in a power plant are called
b. power lines. a. turbines.
c. generators. b. switches.
c. power lines.
6. Fossil fuels are a
a. renewable source of energy.
b. non-renewable source of energy.
c. clean source of energy.
Machines TEST 8
Name Date
1. Objects used to save time and energy 6. Machines used to cool or heat things are
when we do different tasks are called called
a. motors. a. mechanical machines.
b. forces. b. thermal machines.
c. machines. c. automatic machines.
2. Machines used to lift heavy objects or 7. The elements that enable a machine to
produce movement are called receive information from the outside or
a. thermal engines. inside of the machine are called
b. mechanical machines. a. sensors.
c. compound machines. b. indicators.
c. screens.
3. To produce movement, an automatic
machine needs a 8. Long bars with teeth that fit into toothed
a. gear. wheels or other parts are called
b. motor. a. racks.
c. housing. b. springs.
c. gears.
4. Moving pieces that transmit movement
or force in mechanical machines are 9. In this gear, the small
called wheel
a. operating springs. a. turns in the same
b. operating parts. direction as the large wheel.
c. operating motors. b. turns in a different direction than the

large wheel.
5. The gears in a bicycle used to change c. will not turn.
the turning speed of an axle are called
10. In a machine, the components are built
a. racks.
on or around the
b. shifting gears.
a. structure.
c. cranks.
b. housing.
c. screen.
Representations of the Earth TEST 9
Name Date
1. A map that represents the entire surface 6. The equator is a

of the Earth is called a a. parallel.
a. globe. b. meridian.
b. scale. c. country.
c. world map.
7. Australia is part of
2. The largest continent is a. Asia.
a. Asia. b. Oceania.
b. Africa. c. America.
c. Oceania.
8. Europe and Asia are separated by the
3. The imaginary lines that run from pole a. Pacific Ocean.
to pole are called b. Ural and the Caucasus Mountains.
a. meridians. c. Pyrenees.
b. parallels.
9. Meridians enable you to measure
c. latitudes.
a. latitude.
4. The Antarctic Ocean is located in the b. longitude.
a. southern hemisphere. c. hemispheres.
b. northern hemisphere.
10. If the scale on a map is 1 : 700,000,
c. western hemisphere.
each centimetre on the map is
5. The relationship between the actual equivalent to
distance on the Earth and the distance a. 700 km.
on a map is indicated by the b. 70 km.
a. scale. c. 7 km.
b. legend.
c. longitude.
European landscapes TEST 10
Name Date
1. Europe is bordered on the north by the 6. Steppes are characteristic of

a. Mediterranean Sea. a. continental climates.
b. Arctic Ocean. b. Atlantic climates.
c. Cantabrian Sea. c. polar climates.
2. The north of the Scandinavian countries 7. The largest rivers in Europe are in the
and Russia have a. Arctic watershed.
a. a continental climate. b. Mediterranean watershed.
b. a polar climate. c. Atlantic watershed.
c. an oceanic climate.
8. The largest, deepest lakes in Europe are
3. The longest river in Europe is the found in
a. Danube. a. northern Europe.
b. Volga. b. central Europe.
c. Ebro. c. southern Europe.
4. The relief of the Iberian Peninsula can be 9. Valleys made by glaciers into which
described as seawater enters are called
a. high with mountains. a. bays.
b. volcanic. b. gulfs.
c. flat. c. fjords.
5. Mount Elbrus is found in the 10. The Rhone river is located in the
a. Caucasus. a. Atlantic watershed.
b. Alps. b. Mediterranean watershed.
c. Carpathians. c. Black Sea watershed.
The population and economy of Europe TEST 11
Name Date
1. The main characteristic of the European 6. The most important economic sector
population is its in Spain is the
a. ageing population. a. primary sector.
b. low life expectancy. b. secondary sector.
c. high growth rate. c. tertiary sector.
2. The European population is mostly 7. In Europe, immigration has increased

a. urban. a. life expectancy.
b. agricultural. b. the number of births.
c. rural. c. the number of deaths.
3. The economic sector that employs 8. One European country in the high
the fewest people in Europe is the population density zone is
a. primary sector. a. Greece.
b. secondary sector. b. Luxembourg.
c. tertiary sector. c. Sweden.
4. In the coastal Mediterranean areas, 9. Europe is the continent with the

livestock farming is a. densest system of railways and
a. extensive. roadways in the world.
b. intensive. b. most commercial ports in the world.
c. limited. c. oldest system of air transport in the
world.
5. Currently, the birth rate in Europe is
10. One of the main activities of the service
a. high, so the growth rate is slow.
sector in Europe is
b. low, so the growth rate is slow.
a. cattle farming.
c. very high, so the growth rate is high.
b. the consumer goods industry.
c. commerce.
The European Union TEST 12
Name Date
1. The European Union is an economic and 6. Spain joined the European Union in
political organisation formed by a. 1958.
a. twenty-seven democratic European b. 1986.
countries.
c. 2007.
b. all the countries of Europe.
c. twelve democratic European countries. 7. The Council of the European Union is
made up of
2. The countries that signed the Treaty a. MEPs.
ofRome were
b. ministers from each member state.
a. Germany, Italy, Belgium, Spain and
c. one judge from each member state.
France.
b. Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, 8. The institution that governs the European
Luxembourg and France. Union is the
c. Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, a. European Commission.
Luxembourg and France.
b. Council of the European Union.
3. The Treaty of Maastricht was signed in c. European Parliament.
a. 1957.
9. The European Parliament holds
b. 1986.
its meetings in
c. 1992.
a. Brussels and Strasbourg.
4. MEPs are elected every b. Strasbourg and Luxembourg.
a. three years. c. Paris and Brussels.
b. four years.
10. The institution that approves budgets
c. five years. and laws, and controls the other EU
institutions is the
5. The official currency of the European
Union is the a. European Parliament.
a. dollar. b. Council of the European Union.
b. pound. c. Court of Auditors.
c. euro.
From Prehistory to the Middle Ages TEST 13
Name Date
1. Prehistory began with the 6. Menhirs and dolmens are

a. appearance of human beings. a. cave paintings.
b. invention of writing. b. polished stone tools.
c. invention of the wheel. c. megaliths.
2. In the Palaeolithic Age, people were 7. The Roman emperor who achieved
a. nomads. the conquest of Hispania was
b. sedentary. a. Hannibal.
c. farmers. b. Augustus.
c. Fernando.
3. When the Greeks arrived on the Iberian
Peninsula, they settled on the 8. Christians in Al-Andalus who accepted
a. Catalonian coast. the Muslim religion were called
b. Balearic Islands. a. Muladis.
c. Andalusian coast. b. Almohads.
c. Almoravids.
4. In Roman cities, the decumanus
was a 9. The Battle of Navas de Tolosa took
a. street that crossed the city from north place in
to south. a. 1212.
b. street that crossed the city from east b. 711.
to west.
c. 1492.
c. building where people bathed.
10. Basilicas were the buildings that Romans
5. When Al-Andalus was a province that used for
belonged to the caliph of Damascus,
a. bathing.
it was
b. imperial business.
a. a caliphate.
c. events.
b. an emirate.
c. a Taifa Kingdom.
The Modern Age in Spain TEST 14
Name Date
1. In 1492, the Catholic Monarchs completed 6. Favourites or validos were

the conquest of a. assistants who helped the king with
a. the Canary Islands. the tasks of government.
b. Europe. b. men who had the confidence of the
king and governed in his name.
c. Portugal.
c. foreign advisers.
2. The Incas occupied the territory now
called 7. Hernan Cortes conquered
a. Mexico. a. Ecuador.
b. Peru. b. Mexico.
c. Guatemala. c. Peru.
3. The historic event that took place in 1520 8. At the Battle of Lepanto in 1571,
was the Felipe II defeated the
a. discovery of America. a. Turks.
b. revolt of the Communities. b. Incas.
c. Battle of Lepanto. c. English.
4. The Armada was the 9. The Herrerian style of architecture is

characterised by its
a. Spanish fleet defeated by France
in1588. a. austere style and minimal
decoration.
b. English fleet defeated by Spain
in1588. b. imitation of Roman architecture.
c. Spanish fleet defeated by England c. rich ornamentation.
in1588.
10. One of the causes of the War of
th
5. In the 18 century, the new dynasty Succession was the fact that
ofkings that ruled Spain was a. the Lutherans did not accept the
a. Carlos I. authority of the pope.
b. the Catholic Monarchs. b. Carlos II died without leaving
a successor.
c. the Bourbons.
c. France wanted to conquer Spain.
The Contemporary Age in Spain TEST 15
Name Date
1. The War of Independence took place in 6. Francisco Franco

a. 1880. a. abolished the constitution and political
b. 1808. parties.
c. 1812. b. approved the Statutes of Autonomy.

c. established a democracy.
2. Joseph Bonaparte was Napoleon
Bonapartes brother and 7. The first president of a democratic
a. King of Spain. government in 20th century Spain was
b. King of France. a. Adolfo Suarez.
c. King of Portugal. b. Felipe Gonzalez.

c. Jose Maria Aznar.
3. A form of government in which there is no
king and the head of state is a president 8. The Constitution of 1978 established
elected by the citizens is called a a
a. republic. a. dictatorship.
b. monarchy. b. constitutional monarchy.
c. dictatorship. c. parliamentary monarchy.
4. In 1923, General Primo de Rivera 9. In 1931, general elections took place to

a. proclaimed the Second Republic. decide the new government, and
b. replaced King Alfonso XII. a. Alfonso XIII won.
c. led a coup and created a dictatorship. b. the Republicans won.

c. Primo de Rivera won.
5. The Spanish Civil War began in
a. 1936. 10. Antonio Gaudi was famous for
his buildings and constructions in the
b. 1978.
a Gothic style.
c. 1931.
b. Neoclassical style.
c. Modernist style.
Answer key assessments
1 NUTRITION I 10. When does the absorption of food take place?

Explain.
1. Explain the function of nutrition.
M. A. Absorption of food takes place when
M. A. To supply the building materials and energy
nutrients pass from the small intestine, through
we need to live.
the capillaries, into the blood.
2. Make a word map of the processes and systems
involved in nutrition. ASSESSMENTS 1 TEST
The word map should have a title and at least four 1. a, 2. c, 3. b, 4. b, 5. b, 6. a, 7. a, 8. a, 9. b, 10. c.
sub-sections.
M. A.
2 NUTRITION II
Title: NUTRITION
1. Explain what respiration consists of.
Sub-sections:
Digestion: digestive system. M. A. Respiration consists of obtaining oxygen
from the air and expelling carbon dioxide.
Respiration: respiratory system.
Excretion: excretory system. 2. Describe gas exchange in the alveoli during respiration.
Circulation: circulatory system. M. A. In the alveoli, oxygen from the air passes into
the blood, and carbon dioxide passes from the blood
3. What organ systems obtain and transport the oxygen into the air to be expelled.
we need?
The respiratory system obtains oxygen, and the 3. Look at the pictures. Write inspiration or expiration.
circulatory system transports it. A: inspiration; B: expiration.
4. Write two examples for each category. Write the name of the muscles that carry out
breathing movements.
Possible answers: Animal sources: fats, proteins,
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
carbohydrates;
Possible answers: Plant sources: carbohydrates, 4. Write T (true) or F (false).
vitamins, some proteins. a. T; b. T; c. F; d. F.
5. Which of these components of food is not a nutrient? 5. Answer the questions.
Explain why.
Sweat is formed in the sweat glands.
M. A. Fibre is not a nutrient because it does not supply
Sweat consists primarily of water, but also contains
energy or building materials to the body.
salts and a small amount of waste substances.
6. What happens if a diet is too rich in carbohydrates
6. Label the diagram of the excretory system.
and fats? Explain your answer.
Left from top to bottom: ureters; urethra.
M. A. The body stores the extra energy from too many
carbohydrates and fats as body fat, which can cause Right from top to bottom: kidney; bladder.
obesity. 7. Complete the table.
7. List the helper glands and the substances they M. A.
produce. Type: Red blood cell. Function: distribute oxygen and
salivary glands: saliva; liver: bile; make blood red;
pancreas: pancreatic juice. Type: White blood cell. Function: protect the body
from illnesses;
8. Label the diagram of the digestive system.
Type: Platelets. Function: coagulation.
Left from top to bottom: oesophagus; large intestine.
Right from top to bottom: mouth; pharynx; stomach; 8. Draw the heart and label its parts. Use arrows to show
small intestine. the direction of blood circulation.
Graphic answer: See page 21 of the Students Book.
9. Define.
A bolus is chewed food mixed with saliva. 9. Answer these questions about systemic circulation.
Chyme is a liquid produced in the stomach from The arteries.
gastric juices. Blood releases oxygen and nutrients, and collects
Chyle is a milky liquid produced in the small intestine carbon dioxide and waste substances.
from intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and bile. The left ventricle.
Answer key ASSESSMENTs
10. Explain the difference between systole and 9. Label the main endocrine glands.
diastole. Left from top to bottom: pituitary; thyroid; testicles.
M. A. Systole is the stage in which the heart Right from top to bottom: pancreas; ovaries.
contracts and makes blood flow to the arteries. Explain the functions of the hormones produced
Diastole is the stage in which the heart relaxes in the pituitary gland.
and blood enters the heart through the veins. M. A. The hormones produced in the pituitary gland
direct the activity of other endocrine glands and
ASSESSMENTS 2 TEST control growth.
1. c, 2. b, 3. b, 4. c, 5. b, 6. c, 7. a, 8. a, 9. b, 10. c. 10. Anna had an accident and has difficulty maintaining
her balance. What part of her brain was damaged?
3 SENSITIVITY Think and answer.
The cerebellum was damaged. It co-ordinates
1. Explain what the function of sensitivity consists of. movement and balance.
M. A. Sensitivity consists of responding to changes
in the external and internal environment.
ASSESSMENTS 3 TEST
2. What group of organs and what systems are involved 1. b, 2. b, 3. c, 4. b, 5. c, 6. a, 7. a, 8. c, 9. a, 10. b.
in sensitivity?
M. A. The organs involved in sensitivity are the sense 4 REPRODUCTION
organs.
1. Explain what secondary sexual characteristics are.
M. A. The two systems involved in sensitivity are the Give three examples.
nervous system and the locomotor system.
M. A. Secondary sexual characteristic are the
3. Complete the word map on the nervous system. physical differences between men and women.
From top to bottom and left to right They are not necessarily related to reproduction.
Possible examples in men: low voice, facial hair, more
Central nervous system: brain; spinal cord.
developed muscles, body hair. Possible examples in
Brain: cerebrum, cerebellum; brain stem.
women: breasts, higher voice, wider hips.
Peripheral nervous system: sensory nerves; motor
nerves. 2. Label the diagram. Then, circle the correct word.
Left from top to bottom: vas deferens; seminal
4. What parts of the skeletal system protect the brain
vesicle; prostate; penis.
and the spinal cord?
Right from top to bottom: urethra; testicle; scrotum.
The cranium and the spinal column.
This diagram represents the male reproductive
5. Complete the diagram of the neuron. Then, answer system.
the question. 3. Write the part of the reproductive system.
M. A. See page 32 in the Students Book. From top to bottom: ovaries, uterus, testicles,
A group of axons form nerves. scrotum.
6. Look at the picture. Write reflex movement or 4. Answer the questions.
voluntary movement. Explain your answer. An ovule and a sperm cell.
Reflex movement. A zygote.
M. A. A movement that takes place automatically
without a conscious order from the brain. 5. Explain the difference between each pair of words.
M. A. Spermatozoa are the male sex cells formed
7. Write the word that corresponds to each definition.
in the testicles. Semen is a liquid made in the
From top to bottom: prostate gland and seminal vesicles. It transports
antagonists; cartilage; receptor cells. and feeds the spermatozoa.
M. A. An ovule is the female sex cell produced in
8. Explain what involuntary muscles are. Give two
the ovaries. An ovary is the organ that produces
examples.
the female sex cells and hormones.
M. A. Involuntary muscles are muscles that function
independently from our will. We arent conscious of 6. Write one sentence with each group of words.
them and cannot control their function. Examples: M. A. Male sex cells called spermatozoa have a tail
the heart muscle; the digestive tube muscle. to help them move.
M. A. Female sex cells called ovules are large and Effects of alcohol use: mental damage and
spherical in shape. dementia, lung infections, breast cancer, muscle
degeneration, liver damage, cancer of the digestive
7. Explain how fertilisation takes place.
system, mouth cancer, heart problems, bone
M. A. An ovule is released by an ovary and travels fractures, pancreas damage, gastritis and ulcers,
down the Fallopian tube. Semen enters a womans fetal damage.
vagina and the spermatozoa swim into the Fallopian Effects of tobacco use: stroke, wrinkles and
tube. If the mature ovule and sperm cell meet, blotches on the skin, respiratory disease, lung
fertilisation occurs. cancer, premature babies, mouth, pharynx and
8. Complete the sentences. larynx cancer, oesophagus cancer, gastritis and
ulcers, heart problems, dental problems.
The embryo is found inside a sac filled with
a liquid called amniotic fluid. 6. Why is the use of drugs a risk to your health?
The embryo receives nutrients and oxygen from Explain your answer.
its mother through the placenta. M. A. Drugs affect the brain. They cause changes in
The embryo is joined to the placenta by the a persons perceptions, state of mind or behaviour.
umbilical cord. In many cases, drugs cause death.
After the third month, the embryo is called a fetus. 7. Name the infectious agent that causes each type of
9. Label the diagram. infection.
Left from top to bottom: uterus; umbilical cord; tetanus or salmonella: bacteria.
amniotic fluid. athletes foot: fungi.
Right from top to bottom: placenta; fetus. flu or AIDS: viruses.
malaria: protozoans.
10. Order the stages of birth. Write 1, 2 and 3.
1: a; 2: c; 3: b. 8. How can microbes enter our body? Write five
examples.
ASSESSMENTS 4 TEST Through a cut in the skin that has not been
disinfected properly; through contaminated water;
1. b, 2. a, 3. c, 4. b, 5. a, 6. c, 7. a, 8. b, 9. a, 10. a.
through contaminated food; through contaminated
air; through insect bites.
5 HEALTH
9. Circle the four mistakes in the text. Then, write
1. Define health. the sentences correctly.
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and Students should circle: viruses; viruses, fungi or
social well-being. protozoan.
2. List five healthy habits. Antibiotics are substances that are toxic to bacteria.
Antibiotics are not harmful to people, therefore, they
M. A. Good hygiene, adequate rest, regular exercise, are very effective in fighting infections caused by
a healthy diet and correct posture. bacteria.
3. Complete the word map. 10. Explain what happens when a vaccine is injected
From left to right and top to bottom into a healthy person.
how quickly they appear and how long they last: acute M. A. When a vaccine is injected into a healthy
illness; chronic illness. person, weakened or dead agents that cause a
their origin: infectious diseases; non-infectious disease enter the body. The body senses this
diseases. invasion and fights it.
4. What is the difference between epidemic and
endemic diseases? Explain your answer. ASSESSMENTS 5 TEST
M. A. Epidemic diseases rapidly affect a large 1. a, 2. c, 3. a, 4. b, 5. b, 6. b, 7. b, 8. b, 9. b, 10. b.
number of people at the same time.
M. A. Endemic diseases are only prevalent in some 6 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
areas or regions.
5. List three effects for each drug. All objects have positive and negative electrical
Possible answers: charges. If an object has more positive charges than
negative charges, it is positively charged. If it has 7 ENERGY

more negative charges than positive charges, it is
1. Read and write the type of energy.
negatively charged. Objects with the same charge
repel. Objects with different charges attract. From top to bottom: mechanical; chemical; nuclear.
2. Look at the pictures and explain what changes are 2. Complete the word map.
taking place. M. A. Energy can be: transferred, stored,
M. A. A: Both the cloth and the pen have positive transported, transformed.
and negative charges. Now, write an example to explain each of these
B: When you rub the pen with the cloth, negative properties.
charges pass from the cloth to the pen. M. A. Energy can be transferred when a racquet
C: Now, the pen has more negative charges than hits a tennis ball. The racquet transfers mechanical
positive charges. The cloth has been left with energy to the ball. Energy can be stored in
more positive charges. batteries. Energy can be transported through
cables. Energy can be transformed from one type
3. Explain the diagram. Describe the action of to another, for example, chemical energy in petrol is
the forces. transformed into mechanical energy in a car.
M. A. The diagram shows two objects with opposite
electrical charges. Opposite electrical charges 3. Write T (true) or F (false).
attract. a. F; b. T; c. F; d. F.
4. What is an electromagnet? 4. Explain the difference between expansion and
A device that works like a magnet when it is contraction.
connected to electricity. M. A. Expansion is the increase in size of an object
when the temperature is raised. Contraction is the
5. Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
decrease in size of an object when the temperature
Why? Look and explain.
is lowered.
M. A. These magnets will repel each other because
the poles near each other are the same. 5. When we rub our hands together, and they get warm,
what energy transformation takes place? Think and
6. Read the definition and write the word. write.
From top to bottom: electrical current; compass; Mechanical energy is transformed into heat.
insulators.
6. Why does the temperature of a room rise when
7. Name three types of energy produced by electrical it fills up with people? Think and answer.
current.
M. A. The temperature of a room rises because the
M. A. heat, light, sound, magnetism, movement. heat from the people is transferred to the room until
8. Label the components of this electrical circuit. the room and the people are the same temperature.
Left from top to bottom: cable; motor. 7. Write the type of energy used in each power plant.
Right from top to bottom: generator; switch; light From top to bottom: chemical energy; nuclear
bulb. energy; mechanical energy.
9. Explain the function of each element in an electrical 8. Name two types of power plants that use renewable
circuit. energy.
M. A. A generator produces the electrical current. Possible answers: hydroelectric; eolic or wind; solar
M. A. Cables transmit the electrical current from the thermal; solar photovoltaic.
generator to the other components of the circuit.
9. Explain what radioactive waste is.
M. A. A switch controls the flow of the current.
M. A. Radioactive waste is a type of pollution that is
10. Look at this electrical circuit. Will the light bulb turn produced in nuclear power plants. It emits radiation
on? Why or why not? and can take thousands of years to become safe.
M. A. The light bulb will turn on because the circuit 10. Look at the pictures and explain how electrical
is closed. Current flows in a closed circuit. energy comes into our homes.
M. A. Mechanical energy from dams or wind
ASSESSMENTS 6 TEST energy is transformed into electricity in power
1. b, 2. b, 3. a, 4. c, 5. c, 6. c, 7. a, 8. b, 9. a, 10. a. plants. From there, electrical current is transported
through power lines. The power lines are held up cogset: the gear wheels at the back transmit
by transmission towers. In cities, the power lines movement and move the bicycle.
are part of an underground grid until they enter chainset: the gear wheels at the front transmit
our homes. Inside our homes, the current travels movement through the chain to the back wheel.
through cables to the wall sockets. cranks: pedals that turn the gear wheels in the
chainset.
ASSESSMENTS 7 TEST shifting gears: change the turning speed of an axle.
1. c, 2. b, 3. c, 4. c, 5. b, 6. b, 7. c, 8. a, 9. a, 10. a.
9. Circle the machines that have a motor. Then, write
the type of motor it is.
8 MACHINES
Circled machines: blender; chainsaw.
1. Answer the questions. Both have electric motors.
We use machines to save time and energy, to work
with more precision, to do dangerous work, or to 10. How have technological advances changed society?
transform one type of energy into another. Give one example for each area.
The three main types of machines are: mechanical M.A.
machines, thermal machines, and machines for work: Robots can do the work of more than person
communication and information management. and can replace several factory workers.
2. Look at the three machines. What does each one do transportation: Aeroplanes make it easy to travel
for us? long distances and go on holiday.
health: Scanners enable doctors to see inside the
M. A. A: A fan moves the air; B: A cooker heats food;
human body.
C: a camera takes photos.
communication: E-mail is replacing conventional
3. Explain what a sensor is and write four examples. mail because it is faster.
M. A. A sensor enables a machine to receive
information from the outside or inside of the machine. ASSESSMENTS 8 TEST
Examples: a temperature sensor, a light sensor, an
1. c, 2. b, 3. b, 4. b, 5. b, 6. b, 7. a, 8. a, 9. a, 10. a.
infrared sensor, an antenna.
4. Explain what an operating part is. 9 REPRESENTATIONS OF THE EARTH
M. A. An operating part is a moving piece that is used
to transmit movement or force in mechanical machines. 1. Explain why the best way to represent the Earth is a
globe.
5. Look at the picture. What type of machine is it? What M. A. A globe shows distances, landforms, size
type of energy does it use? and distribution of oceans and continents without
Pliers are mechanical machines. They are manual distortions.
machines that use energy from people.
2. Define.
6. This sentence is not correct. Write the correct version.
A map is a flat representation of all or part of the
Indicators and screens give us information about how Earth.
a machine works. A world map is a flat representation of the entire
7. Write the name of each mechanism. Explain how surface of the Earth.
it works. The scale shows the relationship between an
M. A. A: This is a rack and pinion mechanism. actual distance and the distance on a map.
It is formed by a small toothed wheel joined with 3. Look at the map. Write A, B, C or D.
a toothed bar. When the pinion turns, the rack moves
to one side. A: north latitude + east longitude;
B: This is a gear. It is formed by two wheels which B: south latitude + west longitude;
turn in opposite directions. C: south latitude + east longitude;
C: This is a gear. It is formed by two wheels joined by D: north latitude + west longitude.
a belt. The two wheels turn in the same direction.
4. What is the Greenwich Meridian? Label the Greenwich
8. Name three types of operating parts in a bicycle. Meridian on the map in Activity 3.
Explain what each does. M. A. The Greenwich meridian is meridian zero or the
M. A. principal meridian.
Students label the darker vertical line in the centre of 4. Describe the European coast. Give examples of three
the map. coastal features.
5. Label the continents and oceans on the map in M. A. The European coast is very irregular with many
Activity 3. capes, gulfs, peninsulas and islands.
See map on pages 112-113 in the Students Book. Possible answers: Peninsulas: Kola; Scandinavian;
Jutland; Iberian; Italian; Balkan; Crimean.
Continents: North America, South America, Asia,
Europe, Africa, Oceania, Antarctica. Gulfs: Bothnia; Lion; Genoa; Bay of Biscay.
Capes: North; Finisterre; St. Vincent; Matapan.
Oceans: Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, Antarctic.
Islands: Iceland; British Isles; Great Britain;
6. Look at the map in Activity 3 and complete the table. Ireland; Balearic and Canary Islands; Corsica;
A: north latitude + east longitude; northern hemisphere Sardinia; Sicily; Cyprus; Malta; Crete.
B: south latitude + west longitude; southern 5. Complete the table with the characteristics of
hemisphere European climates.
C: south latitude + east longitude; southern hemisphere Oceanic: Temperatures - mild in summer;
D: north latitude + west longitude; northern hemisphere Precipitation - abundant and regular.
7. Explain the difference between a relief map of the Mediterranean: Temperatures - high in summer
world and a political map of the world. and mild in winter; Precipitation - low, especially in
summer.
M. A. A relief map depicts all the variety of geography
Continental: Temperatures - high in summer and
on the Earth, whereas a political map represents
very low in winter; Precipitation - higher in summer.
the size, location and borders of all the countries on
Earth. Polar: Temperatures - very cold; Precipitation - scarce.
Mountain or alpine: Temperatures - very low in
8. This text is not correct. Write the correct version.
winter and cool in summer; Precipitation - abundant.
Parallels are imaginary lines that circle the Earth.
These lines are parallel to the equator. The 6. Match.
Greenwich Meridian is the principal meridian. oceanic climate: meadows; continental climate:
taiga; polar climate: tundra.
9. Look at the map and calculate the actual distance
between La Poveda and El Otero. 7. Write the name of one European river for each
1,000,000 x 4 = 4,000,000 cm. watershed.
4,000,000: 100,000 = 40. Possible answers:
La Poveda is 40 km from El Otero. Arctic watershed: Pechora or Northern Dvina.
Atlantic watershed: Western Dvina, Vistula, Oder,
ASSESSMENTS 9 TEST Elbe, Rhine, Seine, Loire, Garonne; Duero, Tagus,
Guadiana or Guadalquivir.
1. c, 2. a, 3. a, 4. a, 5. a, 6. a, 7. b, 8. b, 9. b, 10. c.
Mediterranean watershed: Ebro, Rhone or Po.
Black Sea watershed: Danube, Dniester, Dnieper or
10 EUROPEAN LANDSCAPES
Don.
1. Write T (true) or F (false). Caspian Sea watershed: Volga or Ural.
a. F; b. F; c. F; d. T.
8. Look at the map. Write the number that corresponds
2. Answer the questions. to each feature.
Fjords are valleys made by a glacier into which a. 2; b. 8; c. 4; d. 6; e. 7; f. 5; g.3; h.1.
seawater enters. Fjords are found on the
9. Complete the table of Spanish watersheds.
Scandinavian Peninsula.
Massifs are low mountains. Mediterranean: Ebro.
Atlantic: Duero, Tagus, Guadiana, Guadalquivir.
3. Think about European relief features. Where are
plains found? Where are the highest mountains 10. Describe what the relief is like in Spain.
found? M.A. The Inner Plateau is in the centre. Mountains
The plains extend through the central and eastern run through the plateau and surround it. There are
parts of Europe. The highest mountains are found in more mountains in the north and in the south of
the south of Europe. Spain.
ASSESSMENTS 10 TEST Name one tertiary sector activity in Spain.

1. b, 2. b, 3. b, 4. a, 5. a, 6. a, 7. c, 8. a, 9. c, 10. b. M. A. Tourism.
10. Most people in Europe live in cities. Why? Think and
11 THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EUROPE answer.
1. Complete the word map. M. A. Most people live in cities because there are
The number of inhabitants is 700 million. more job opportunities and more services. For
The population is ageing because of the low birth example, education, health, leisure
rate and increasing life expectancy
Most of the population is concentrated in the centre ASSESSMENTS 11 TEST
of the continent. 1. a, 2. a, 3. a, 4. a, 5. b, 6. c, 7. b, 8. b, 9. a, 10. c.
2. Explain the effects of immigration on the European
population. 12 THE EUROPEAN UNION
M. A. Immigration increases the active population 1. Answer the questions.
and the birth rate. The European Union is an economic and political
3. Write the names of three European countries for organization formed by twenty-seven democratic
each characteristic. European countries.
High population density: The Netherlands; It was created for two reasons: to avoid future wars
Luxembourg; Belgium; Germany; France; Italy; and improve the economic development of Europe.
The United Kingdom. 2. Look at the map of the EU. What stage of
Low population density: Greece; Iceland; Norway; development does it correspond to: the first, the
Finland; Sweden; Russia. present or the future? Explain your answer.
4. Look at the pie chart. Explain why it is not correct. M. A. The map corresponds to the first stage
because the EU only has six member countries.
M. A. The pie chart is not correct because 66% of the
European population works in the tertiary sector, 30% 3. Explain what the eurozone is.
in the secondary sector and 4% in the primary sector. M. A. Eurozone refers to the countries which use
5. Describe livestock farming and fishing in Europe. the euro as their official currency.
M. A. Livestock farming is intensive in northern 4. List three joint measures adopted by the European
and central Europe and extensive in the coastal Union.
Mediterranean areas. The most common livestock M. A. protect the environment; fight crime and
are cattle, sheep and pigs. The countries with the terrorism; defend equality among men and women;
largest catch are Russia, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, protect the rights of consumers.
Spain and the United Kingdom. All of the countries
have modern, industrial fishing fleets. 5. Complete the word map.
European Parliament; Council of the European Union;
6. What are the main industries in Europe?
European Commission; Court of Justice; Court of
Basic industry, the capital goods industry and the Auditors.
consumer goods industry.
Name one secondary sector industry in Spain. 6. Read and write the name of these institutions of the
European Union.
M.A. The capital goods industry.
From top to bottom: Council of the European Union;
7. Why is the Spanish population ageing? Write two Court of Justice; European Commission.
main factors.
Increasing life expectancy; low birth rate.
laws; budgets; five; MEPs; president, Strasbourg;
8. Write a sentence with each group of words. Brussels.
M. A. Immigration has helped European population
growth. 8. What are the symbols of the European Union?
Describe them.
M. A. The ageing population in Europe is due to
increasing life expectancy and the low birth rate. M. A. The symbols are the flag, the anthem and
Europe Day. The flag is blue with twelve gold stars in
9. What are the most important activities in the a circle. The anthem is Ode to Joy by Beethoven.
tertiary sector in Europe? Europe Day is celebrated on 9th May to encourage
Trade, transport and tourism. people to learn more about the institutions of the EU.
9. What is the single market? Explain its significance. 8. Write T (true) or F (false).
M. A. The single market means there are no border a. F; b. T; c. F; d. T.
or customs controls between the countries of the
9. Write the date of each historic event.
European Union. This means that citizens and
merchandise can circulate freely within the EU. 711: The Moorish conquest began;
1031: The Taifa Kingdoms appeared;
10. Colour the countries that form the European Union 1212: The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa;
blue.
1492: The conquest of the Kingdom of Granada.
See page 144 of the Students Book.
10. Name the architectural style of each church. Explain
your answer.
ASSESSMENTS 12 TEST
M. A. A: This church is Gothic. It is tall and slender.
1. a, 2. c, 3. c, 4. c, 5. c, 6. b, 7. b, 8. a, 9. a, 10. a. There are many large windows and pointed arches
were used.
13FROM PREHISTORY TO THE MIDDLE AGES B: This church is Romanesque. It is not tall or
slender. There are few windows and the walls are
thick. The arches are the shape of a half-circle.
Prehistory is the first stage of history. Three
ages of Prehistory: Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Metal ASSESSMENTS 13 TEST
Ages.
1. a, 2. a, 3. a, 4. b, 5. b, 6. c, 7. b, 8. a, 9. a, 10. b.
Prehistory began with the appearance of human
beings and ended with the invention of writing.
14 THE MODERN AGE IN SPAIN
2. Complete with the ages of Prehistory. 1. List the territories conquered by the Catholic
From top to bottom: Neolithic Age; Palaeolithic Age, Monarchs.
the Metal Ages. They conquered the kingdom of Granada, the Canary
Islands, the Kingdom of Naples, small territories
3. Explain why people in the Neolithic Age stopped being
in North Africa, the Kingdom of Navarre and the
nomads.
Americas.
M. A. They stopped being nomads because they
learned to cultivate plants and domesticate animals. 2. Why are these people famous?
As a result, they needed to care for their crops and Christopher Columbus discovered America.
livestock. Hernan Cortes conquered Mexico.
Francisco Pizarro conquered Peru.
4. Describe the paintings of the Neolithic Age.
M. A. Neolithic paintings represented scenes of 3. Answer the questions.
people hunting and groups dancing or collecting fruit. The Aztecs, Mayans and Incas.
The figures were schematic, and the artists used one The territory was organized into viceroyalties, and
colour. each one was controlled by a viceroy.
5. Complete the table. 4. Colour the map. Use the key.
The Celts. Location: central plateau and Atlantic See page 171 of the Students Book.
coast. Professions: livestock farmers and specialists 5. The Spanish Empire had many territories in
in metal. the 16th century. Name the continents where
The Iberians. Location: Mediterranean coast. they were located.
Professions: farmers and artisans. Europe, Asia, the Americas and Africa.
6. Identify the kingdom described in this text. 6. Match each historic event to the king who was ruling
Tartessos. at the time.
7. Match each colony with its location and its arrival on Carlos I: The revolt of the Communities; The
the Iberian Peninsula. confrontation with the Lutherans.
Felipe II: The Battle of Lepanto; The defeat of the
Greek - Catalonian Coast - sixth century B.C.;
Spanish Armada.
Phoenician - Andalusian coast - seventh century B.C.;
Carthaginian - Balearic Islands and the eastern 7. Tick the events that led to the War of Succession.
Iberian Peninsula - third century B.C. b; d; f; g.
8. Define. The two groups that fought each other were the
favourite or valido: ministers and friends who had Republicans and the Nationalists.
the confidence of the king and governed in his The Civil War lasted from 1936 to 1939.
name.
absolute monarchy: a form of government in
a. F; b. T; c. F; d .T.
which the king controls all the powers of state.
7. This text is not correct. Write the correct version.
The transition was the period of political changes
Privileged: nobility; clerics.
that were made to move from the dictatorship of
Unprivileged: farmers; middle class. General Franco towards democracy. This process
10. Write the name of a famous person for each began in 1975 and ended in 1982.
profession in the Modern Age. 8. When did these historic events take place? Write the
Possible answers: correct year.
A Spanish painter: Velazquez; Zurbaran; Ribera; Juan Carlos I was crowned King of Spain: 1975;
Murillo; Goya. The first democratic elections that were held in
A Spanish writer: Saint Teresa de Jesus; Juan Spain since 1936: 1977;
de la Cruz; Garcilaso de la Vega; Miguel de The current Constitution was approved: 1978;
Cervantes; Fancisco de Quevedo: Luis de Spain joined the European Community: 1986.
Gongora; Lope de Vega; Calderon de la Barca.
A Spanish sculptor: Gregorio Fernandez; Martinez 9. List the presidents of the Spanish government since
Montanes; Alonzo Cano; Francisco Salzillo. the approval of the last Constitution.
Adolfo Suarez, Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo,
Felipe Gonzalez, Jose Maria Aznar, Jose Luis
ASSESSMENTS 14 TEST
Rodriguez Zapatero.
1. a, 2. b, 3. b, 4. c, 5. c, 6. b, 7. b, 8. a, 9. a, 10. b.
15 THE CONTEMPORARY AGE IN SPAIN upper class: aristocrats; bourgeois.
middle class: less prosperous merchants; small
1. Match the historic event to the date. landowners; professionals.
The end of the War of Independence when Fernando lower class: peasants; workers; servants; beggars.
VII returned as King of Spain: 1814;
The first Spanish Constitution was approved: 1812;
ASSESSMENTS 15 TEST
The start of the War of Independence: 1808;
Argentina won its independence: 1816. 1. b, 2. a, 3. a, 4. c, 5. a, 6. a, 7. b, 8. c, 9. b, 10. c.

From top to bottom and left to right: absolute
monarchy; Liberal; coup; independence.
3. Explain the difference between an absolute monarchy
and a constitutional monarchy.
M. A. In an absolute monarchy, the king controls
all the powers of the state, while in constitutional
monarchy the monarchs power is limited by a
constitution.
4. Who was General Primo de Rivera, and what did he do?
General Primo de Rivera led a coup and established
a dictatorship in 1923. He assumed all the powers of
state, abolished the constitution and banned political
parties.
5. Answer the questions about the Spanish Civil War.
The Civil War started because General Francisco
Franco led a coup against the Republican
government in 1936.
1 TERM ASSESSMENT
Name Date
1 Label the diagram of the digestive system.
2 Define and explain these terms.

helper glands

chyme

chyle
Respiration Circulation Excretion
What is it?
What organs are involved?
4 What is the relationship between the digestive process and the circulatory system? Think and answer.
1
5 Explain how we carry out the function of sensitivity and what group of organs and systems are involved.
6 What is the difference between sensory nerves and motor nerves? Explain your answer.
7 Write the word that corresponds to each definition.

The stage in a persons development when the reproductive
system matures.
The organ where the male sex cells are formed.
The external part of the female reproductive system.
spermatozoa ovule fertilisation
embryo placenta umbilical cord
9 Explain the damage to your health that can be caused by smoking.
10 Explain the difference between a bacterial infection and a viral infection.

2 TERM ASSESSMENT
Name Date
1 Write what happens in each case.

When two objects are positively charged, they
When two objects are negatively charged, they
When one object is positively charged and the other is negatively charged, they
2 Explain what electrical current is and the effects it can produce.
3 List seven types of energy.
4 Write an example for each type of material.

conductors
insulators
5 Identify the type of power plant.

It uses the mechanical energy of falling water.
It uses the chemical energy stored in fuel.
It uses the mechanical energy of the wind.
6 Look at the picture. Is this machine mechanical, thermal or does it manage information?
Give reasons for your answer.
2
7 Explain what a motor does in a machine. What are the main types?
8 Look at the picture. What type of mechanism is it? Explain. Draw arrows to indicate
which direction the smaller wheels turn.
9 Label the globe. Write equator, meridian and parallel.
Describe the location of point A. Circle the correct words.

Its latitude isnorth / south.
Its longitude is east / west.
189736Ter_a2_p2_h1_esfera
10 Look at the map. Write the number that corresponds to each geographical feature.
Carpathian Mountains
7 Central Massif
6 Ural Mountains
Cape St. Vincent
4
1 River Vistula
2 8 3 River Volga
River Danube
5
Crimean Peninsula

189736Ter_a2_p2_h2
3 TERM ASSESSMENT
Name Date
1 What are the causes of Europes ageing population? Tick ().
The arrival of immigrants. The growth rate of the population.

The low birth rate. Increasing life expectancy.
2 Describe the tertiary sector in Europe. List the main services.

What is the European Union?

Which countries signed the Treaty of Rome?
4 Read and write the name of the institution of the European Union.
It makes all the important decisions in the European Union.
It approves budgets and laws, and controls the other institutions.
It is the government of the European Union.
It controls European Union funds.
It upholds European Union laws.
5 Cross out the countries that do not belong to the European Union.
Spain Norway Slovenia Ireland Romania
France Poland Russia Hungary Portugal
Switzerland Malta Germany Italy Croatia
3
began with the appearance of human beings, about years
ago. The period called Prehistory ends when history begins, that is, with the invention
of around 3,000 years ago. There are three ages in Prehistory:
the , the and the .
7 What seven groups of people lived on the Iberian Peninsula during the Age of Antiquity?
Order them according to the date of their arrival on the peninsula.
8 Write the historic event that occurred in each year.
1031 1492
711 1212
9 Order these historic events. Write the century each one occurred in.
a. The Battle of Lepanto century
b. The War of Succession century
c. The discovery of America century
d. The use of favourites or validos century

a. The Statutes of Autonomy were approved during the reign of Isabel II.
b. Franco created several political parties and labour unions.
c. Spain joined the European Community during the Second Republic.
d. The Nationalists fought against the Francophiles during the Civil War.
e. The architect Antonio Gaudi built Modernist homes and churches.
f. T he transition was the period of political changes that made it possible for Spain
to evolve from the dictatorship of General Franco towards democracy.
TERM 1 TEST
Name Date
1. The process of obtaining nutrients from 6. The brain and spinal cord are parts of
food for our bodies to use is called... the...
a. digestion. a. peripheral nervous system.
b. respiration. b. local nervous system.
c. nutrition. c. central nervous system.
2 Crushed food mixed with saliva is called... 7. The pancreas produces...

a. a bolus. a. insulin.
b. chyme. b. bile.
c. bile. c. thyroxine.
3. The tubes through which air goes in and 8. Fertilisation takes place in the...
out of our bodies are called the... a. ovules.
a. lungs. b. uterus.
b. air passageways. c. Fallopian tubes.
c. nostrils.
9. The embryo receives nutrients and
4. The three parts shown in the oxygen from the mother through the...
diagram are... a. uterus.
a. 1. kidneys, 2. bladder, b. placenta.

3. ureters.
c. amniotic fluid.
b. 1. kidneys, 2. bladder,
3. urethra. 10. Antibiotics are effective against
c. 1. bladder, 2. kidneys, 3. ureters. infections caused by...
a. viruses.
5. The movement of blood throughout the
b. bacteria.
body except to the lungs is called...
c. measles.
a. systemic circulation.
b. pulmonary circulation.
c. arterial circulation.
TERM 2 TEST
Name Date
1. Objects that have the same number 6. Gears are used to

of positive and negative charges are a. store energy.
electrically b. transmit movement.
a. neutral. c. transform mechanical energy
b. positive. into electrical energy.
c. negative.
7. The relationship between the distance
2. The organised movement of electrical on a map and the actual distance
charges through material is called on the Earth is indicated by the
a. electrical current. a. equator. b. scale. c. meridian.
b. magnetism. 8. The ocean which lies between America,
c. electrical charge. Europe and Africa is the
3. The energy which objects have a. Indian Ocean.

due to their movement is called b. Pacific Ocean.
a. light energy. c. Atlantic Ocean.
b. mechanical energy. 9. The mountains that form the border
c. nuclear energy. between Europe and Asia are the
4. The increase in size of an object when a. Ural Mountains.

the temperature rises is called b. Pyrenees.
a. expansion. c. Carpathian Mountains.
b. contraction. 10. The River Rhine is located in the
c. shrinkage. a. Atlantic watershed.
5. Machines used to lift heavy objects or b. Mediterranean watershed.
produce movement are called c. Caspian Sea watershed.
a. thermal machines.
b. mechanical machines.
c. automatic machines.
TERM 3 TEST
Name Date
1. The European population is concentrated 6. The Moors defeated the Visigoths, and
in the... created Al-Andalus in...
a. centre of the continent. a. 171.
b. north of Europe. b. 711.
c. south of Africa. c. 1492.
2. The most important economic sector 7. In 1571, Felipe II defeated the Turks
in Europe is the... at the...
a. primary sector. a. Battle of Granada.
b. secondary sector. b. Battle of Navas de Tolosa.
c. tertiary sector. c. Battle of Lepanto.
3. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome created 8. The War of Succession ended with
the... the signing of the...
a. eurozone. a. Treaty of Rome.
b. European Economic Community. b. Treaty of Utrecht.
c. single market. c. Treaty of Maastricht.
4. The institution responsible for the 9. Fernando VII established...

government of the European Union a. an absolute monarchy.
is the... b. a parliamentary monarchy.
a. European Parliament. c. a constitutional monarchy.
b. European Commission.
10. The period of political changes made
c. Court of Justice.
after the dictatorship of General Franco
5. In 218, the Romans landed in Emporion, which moved Spain towards democracy
and conquered the... was called the...
a. Phoenicians. a. transition.
b. Carthaginians. b. democracy.
c. Iberians. c. republic.
Answer key TERM assessments
TERM 1 ASSESSMENT
1. Label the diagram of the digestive system.
Left from top to bottom: mouth; pharynx; liver; pancreas; large intestine.
Right from top to bottom: stomach; small intestine; anus.
2. Define and explain these terms.
M. A.
Helper glands produce digestive juices, for example, the salivary glands, the liver
and the pancreas.
Chyme is a liquid produced in the stomach from gastric juices.
Chyle is a milky liquid produced in the small intestine from intestinal juice, pancreatic
juice and bile.
3. Complete the table.
M. A. Respiration: the process of obtaining oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
Organs: the air passageways and lungs.
Circulation: the movement of blood around the body to transport nutrients, oxygen and
waste substances. Organs: blood, blood vessels and the heart.
Excretion: the elimination of waste substances from the blood. Organs: ureters, bladder
and urethra.
4. What is the relationship between the digestive process and the circulatory system? Think
and answer.
M. A. The circulatory system is responsible for transporting the nutrients and waste
products that result from the digestive process.
5. Explain how we carry out the function of sensitivity and what group of organs and systems
are involved.
M. A. We carry out sensitivity by responding to changes that occur in our external
and internal environment. The organs and systems involved are the sense organs,
the nervous system and the locomotor system.
6. What is the difference between sensory nerves and motor nerves? Explain your answer.
M. A. Sensory nerves carry information from the sense organs to the central nervous
system, while motor nerves carry orders from the central nervous system to the muscles
and the organs.
7. Write the word that corresponds to each definition.
From top to bottom: puberty; the testicles; the vulva.
8. Write one sentence with each group of words.
M. A. Fertilization is the union of an ovule and a sperm cell.
M. A. The embryo is joined to the placenta by the umbilical cord.
9. Explain the damage to your health that can be caused by smoking.
M. A. Smoking damages the respiratory and circulatory systems. It causes various types
of cancer.
10. Explain the difference between a bacterial infection and a viral infection.
M. A. Bacterial infections are caused by bacteria, while viral infections are caused
by a virus.
TERM 1 TEST
1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. c, 5. a, 6. c, 7. a, 8. c, 9. b, 10. b.
Answer key TERM ASSESSMENT
TERM 2 ASSESSMENT
1. Write what happens in each case.
When two objects are positively charged, they repel.
When two objects are negatively charged, they repel.
When one object is positvely charged and the other is negatively charged, they attract.
2. Explain what electrical current is and the effects it can produce.
M. A. Electrical current is the organised movement of electric charges through material.
It can produce heat, light, sound, magnetism and movement.
3. List seven types of energy.
mechanical energy, sound energy, light energy, heat or thermal energy, electrical energy,
chemical energy and nuclear energy.
4. Write an example for each type of material.
conductors: most metals, such as copper, aluminium, gold, and silver.
insulators: cork; glass, rubber; plastic; wood; wool.
5. Identify the type of power plant.
It uses the mechanical energy of falling water: hydroelectric; It uses the chemical energy
stored in fuel: thermal; It uses the mechanical energy of the wind: wind.
6. Look at the picture. Is this machine mechanical, thermal or does it manage information?
Give reasons for your answer.
M. A. This is a mechanical machine because it is used to produce movement. Electrical
energy causes the blades to move and crush and mix the food.
7. Explain what a motor does in a machine. What are the main types?
M. A. The motor is the part of an automatic machine that produces movement. The main
types are combustion engines and electric motors.
8. Look at the picture. What type of mechanism is it? Explain. Draw arrows to indicate which
direction the smaller wheels turn.
M. A. This type of mechanism is a gear. M. A. It has three wheels with teeth that fit
together and transmit movement. Students draw an arrow going clockwise on the small
wheel: the same as the large wheel.
9. Label the globe. Write equator, meridian and parallel.
Left: parallel. Right from top to bottom: meridian; equator.
Describe the location of point A. Circle the correct word.
Its latitude is north / south.
Its longitude is east / west.
Students circle north and west. M. A. Point A is at north latitude and west longitude.
10. Look at the map. Write the number that corresponds to each geographical feature.
1: Carpathian Mountains; 2: Central Massif; 7: Ural Mountains; 5: Cape St. Vincent;
4: River Vistula; 6: River Volga; 8: River Danube; 3: Crimean Peninsula.
Possible answers: Iceland; British Isles; Great Britain; Ireland; Balearic Islands, Canary
Islands; Corsica; Sardinia; Sicily; Cyprus; Malta; Crete; Faroe Islands; Shetland Islands.
TERM 2 TEST
1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. a, 5. b, 6. b, 7. b, 8. c, 9. a, 10. a.
Answer key TERM ASSESSMENT
TERM 3 ASSESSMENT
1. What are the causes of Europes ageing population? Tick.
Students should tick: The low birth rate; Increasing life expectancy.
2. Describe the tertiary sector in Europe. List the main services.
M. A. The tertiary sector is the largest economic sector. It employs the most people:
66% of the population. The most important services are trade, transport and tourism.
M. A. The European Union is an economic and political organization formed
by twenty-seven democratic European countries.
M. A. The Treaty of Rome was signed by Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands,
Luxembourg and France.
4. Read and write the name of the institution of the European Union.
From top to bottom: the Council of the European Union; the European Parliament;
the European Commission; the Court of Auditors; the Court of Justice.
5. Cross out the countries that do not belong to the European Union.
Countries that do not belong to the EU: Norway; Russia; Switzerland; Croatia.
Prehistory began with the appearance of human beings, about one million years ago.
The period called Prehistory ends when history begins, that is, with the invention of
writing around 3,000 years ago. There are three ages in Prehistory: the Palaeolithic,
the Neolithic and the Metal Ages.
7. What seven groups of people lived on the Iberian Peninsula during the Age of Antiquity?
Order them according to the date of their arrival on the peninsula.
From first to last: Celts and Iberians, Tartessians, Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians
and Romans.
8. Write the historic event that occurred in each year.
711: The Moorish conquest began;
1031: Al-Andalus was divided into Taifa Kingdoms;
1212: The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa;
1492: The Catholic Monarchs conquered the Kingdom of Granada.
9. Order these historic events. Write the century each one occurred in.
2. Battle of Lepanto: 16th century
4. The War of Succession: 18th century
1. The discovery of America: 15th century
3. The use of favourites or validos: 17th century
a. F; b. F; c. F; d. F; e. T; f. T.
TERM 3 TEST
1. a, 2. c, 3. b, 4. b, 5. b, 6. b, 7. c, 8. b, 9. a, 10. a.
FINAL ASSESSMENT
Name Date
1 Identify the parts of the digestive system.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

6.

7.
8.
2 Write the names of the two types of blood circulation.
3 Complete these sentences about fertilisation.
Ovules are sex cells and are male sex cells.
Fertilisation is the union of an and a . Fertilisation
occurs inthe .
4 Look at the diagram and answer the questions.

What does this diagram show?

Is the circuit closed? How do you know?

What happens when a circuit is open?
5 Write the names of three continents and three oceans.
6 Write one example of each.
A European mountain range
A European peninsula
A river in the Caspian Sea watershed
7 Colour the countries that form the European Union. Then write the names of the original members.
ARCTIC OCEAN

N

EA
OC

TIC
AN

AT L
ck Sea
Bla
Mediter rane
an
Canary
Islands
Sea
8 Number the people chronologically to reflect the order of their appearance in history.
189736Eval_f_p2
Adolfo Suarez Carlos I Felipe II Isabel II
Alfonso XIII Carlos II Felipe V Juan Carlos I
Augustus Carlos IV General Franco The Catholic Monarchs
9 Match each historic event with the year it took place.

The discovery of America. 1808
The Spanish Civil War. 1975
The War of Independence. 1492
Juan Carlos I became king. 1936
10 This is a painting by Joaquin Sorolla. In what century was it painted? What style is it?

FINAL TEST
Name Date
1. The function that includes all the 6. The parts of the central
processes that we carry out to obtain nervous system shown
the building materials and energy that in the drawing are
our bodies need is called
a. 1. cerebellum,
a. sensitivity. 2. cerebrum, 3. brain stem.
b. reproduction. b. 1. cerebrum,
2. cerebellum, 3. brain stem.
c. nutrition.
c. 1. cerebrum, 2. brain stem, 3.
2. The digestive process includes these three cerebellum.
stages:
7. The ovaries produce
a. digestion, absorption and elimination
of waste. a. ovules.
b. digestion, absorption and respiration. b. spermatozoa.
c. circulation, digestion and elimination c. the placenta.

of waste.
8. The union of an ovule and a spermatozoa
3. The respiratory system consists of the forms a
a. air passageways and the bronchi. a. zygote.
b. lungs and the throat. b. fetus.
c. air passageways and the lungs. c. embryo.
4. The blood vessels which carry blood to 9. Diseases that are common in some
the heart are the areas or regions are called
a. arteries. a. sporadic diseases.
b. veins. b. epidemic diseases.
c. capillaries. c. endemic diseases.
5. The central nervous system consists 10. Diseases caused by protozoans are
ofthe called
a. brain and the brain stem. a. bacterial infections.
b. brain and the spinal cord. b. parasitic infections.
c. nerves and the brain. c. viral infections.
Name
Circle the correct option. Date
11. Objects with electrical charges of 17. The imaginary lines that run from pole to
the same type pole are called
a. attract each other. a. meridians.
b. repel each other. b. parallels.
c. are magnetised. c. latitudes.
12. Materials that carry electrical current 18. The largest continent is
well are called a. Africa.
a. insulators. b. Asia.
b. generators. c. America.
c. conductors.
19. The highest mountain peak in Europe
13. Many of the changes that occur around is
us are caused by a. Mulhacen.
a. electricity. b. Mount Elbrus.
b. energy. c. Mount Everest.
c. movement.
20. The tundra is a type of vegetation found
14. The heat of the sun boils water to create in areas of Europe with
steam in a. a mountain climate.
a. solar thermal power plants. b. an oceanic climate.
b. solar photovoltaic power plants. c. a polar climate.
c. thermal power plants.
21. Immigrants who come to Europe have
15. This is a picture of a increased the continents
a. mechanical a. birth rate.
machine. b. death rate.
b. thermal motor. c. life expectancy.
c. machine for managing information.
22. The industry that employs the fewest
16. In this gear, the wheel that will turn people in Europe is the
at a faster speed is a. primary sector.
a. the smaller wheel. b. secondary sector.
b. the larger wheel. c. tertiary sector.
c. Both turn at the
same speed.
Name
Circle the correct option. Date
23. The European Union is formed by 28. The first king of the Bourbon dynasty
a. twenty-seven European monarchies. was
b. fifteen democratic European a. Carlos I.
countries. b. Felipe V.
c. twenty-seven democratic European c. Juan Carlos I.
countries.
29. The first Spanish Constitution was
24. The institution of the European Union approved in
that approves budgets and laws, and
a. 1808 in Aranjuez.
controls the other EU institutions is the
b. 1812 in Cadiz.
a. Council of the European Union.
c. 1814 in Madrid.
b. European Parliament.
c. European Commission. 30. The Constitution of 1978 established
a. an absolute monarchy in Spain.
25. Prehistory ended with the invention of
b. a parliamentary monarchy in Spain.
a. fire.
c. a democracy in Spain.
b. writing.
c. the wheel.
26. Roman buildings constructed for imperial

business were called
a. amphitheatres.
b. basilicas.
c. baths.
27. The revolt of the Communities was a

a. protest in the major cities of Castile
during the reign of Carlos I.
b. revolt of the Lutherans in central
Europe.
c. revolt in the Netherlands.
Answer key FINAL assessments
1. Identify the parts of the digestive system.

1. mouth; 2. salivary glands; 3. oesophagus; 4. stomach; 5. pancreas; 6. large intestine;
7. liver; 8. small intestine.
2. Write the names of the two types of blood circulation.
Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
3. Complete these sentences about fertilisation.
Ovules are female sex cells and spermatozoa are male sex cells. Fertilisation is the union
of an ovule and a sperm cell. Fertilisation occurs in the Fallopian tubes.
4. Look at the diagram and answer the questions.
An electrical circuit.
M. A. Yes, because all the components are connected and the switch is closed.
M. A. The electrical current cannot complete the whole circuit, and it will not work.
5. Write the names of three continents and three oceans.
Possible answers: Continents: Africa; North America; South America; Asia; Europe;
Oceania; Antarctica.
Possible answers: Oceans: Arctic; Antarctic; Atlantic; Pacific; Indian.
6. Write one example of each.
Possible answers: European mountain ranges: Central Massif; Vosges; Black Forest;
Pyrenees; Alps, Carpathians, Balkans, Caucasus; Scandinavian; Ural; Apennines; Ore;
Dinaric Alps.
Possible answers: European peninsulas: Kola; Scandinavian; Jutland; Iberian; Italian;
Balkan; Crimean.
Possible answers: A river in the Caspian Sea watershed: Volga or Ural.
7. Colour the countries that form the European Union. Then write the names of the original
members.
Graphic answer. See page 146 in the Students Book: Germany, Belgium, Netherlands,
Luxembourg, France and Italy.
8. Number the people chronologically to reflect the order of their appearance in history.
1: Augustus; 2: Catholic Monarchs; 3: Carlos I; 4: Felipe II; 5: Carlos II; 6: Felipe V;
7: Carlos IV; 8: Isabel II; 9: Alfonso XIII; 10: General Franco; 11: Juan Carlos I;
12: Adolfo Suarez.
9. Match each historic event with the year it took place.
The discovery of America: 1492;
The Spanish Civil War: 1936;
The War of Independence: 1808;
Juan Carlos I became king: 1975.
10. This is a painting by Joaquin Sorolla. In what century was it painted? What style is it?
It was painted in the 19th century. It is in the Impressionist style.
FINAL TEST
1. c; 2. a; 3. c; 4. b; 5. b; 6. b; 7. a; 8. a; 9. c; 10. b;
11. b; 12. c; 13. a; 14. a; 15. a; 16. a; 17. a; 18. b; 19. b; 20. c;
21. a; 22. a; 23. c; 24. b; 25. b; 26. b; 27. a; 28. b; 29. b: 30. b.
Nutrition
The respiratory system
The excretory system

helper glands
The digestive system
digestive tube

30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
60
Arc
tic
Cir
cle
70
Reykjavik
60

ian
Merid
30
wich
Green
Helsinki
Oslo
Stockholm 60
Tallinn
Moscow

40
Riga
50 Dublin Copenhagen Vilnius

Minsk
20
Warsaw
London Amsterdam Berlin
Political map of Europe
Kiev
Brussels
Prague
Luxembourg
Paris
Bratislava
Vienna
Chisinau
Bern Vaduz Budapest
Ljubljana
Top Science 4 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S.L.
Zagreb Belgrade Tbilisi Baku
Bucharest
Andorra Monaco San Marino Sarajevo 70

40 la Vella Yerevan
Pristina Soa
Podgorica
Madrid Rome Skopje
Ankara
Lisbon Tirana
Athens
Gibraltar
Ceuta
10 Nicosia
Melilla
Canary Islands
Valletta
0 210 km National capital
0 10 20 30 40
191
JORDAN KUWAIT
Top Science 6 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana,
under the supervision of Enric Juan Redal and Vicki Caballero.
Content team: Primary Education department, Santillana and Ainara Solana

English adaptation: Jeannette West
Managing editor: Sheila Tourle
Project editor, Level 6: Michele C. Guerrini for MCG Content and Language Network
Editorial team: Jeannette West, Soo Hamilton and Ainara Solana
Art director: Jos Crespo

Design coordinator: Rosa Marn
Design Team:
Interiors design: Jorge Gmez Tobar
Cover design: Pep Carri
Cover illustration: Javier Vzquez
Design development coordinator: Javier Tejeda
Design development: Jos Luis Garca and Ral de Andrs
Technical director: ngel Garca Encinar

Technical coordinator: Marisa Valbuena
Layout: Hilario Simn and David Redondo
Art coordination: Carlos Aguilera
Illustrations: Jordi Baeza, Paul Coulbois, Carlos Fernndez, Digitalartis, Jorge Salas, and Bartolom Segu.
Photo research: Amparo Rodrguez
Photographs: C. Prez; GARCA-PELAYO/Juancho; J. M. Escudero; J. V. Resino; M. Moreno; Michele di Piccione; S. Enrquez; X. S.

Lobato; GETTY IMAGES SALES SPAIN/Photos.com Plus; ISTOCKPHOTO; SEIS X SEIS; MUSEO DE CUENCA, ECUADOR; ARCHIVO
SANTILLANA
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without the
prior permission in writing of the copyright holders. Any infraction of the rights mentioned
would be considered a violation of the intellectual property (Article 270 of the Penal Code).
If you need to photocopy or scan any fragment of this work, contact CEDRO
(Centro Espaol de Derechos Reprogrficos, www.cedro.org).
However, the publisher grants permission for the photocopying of those pages marked
photocopiable, for individual use or for use in classes taught by the purchaser only.
Under no circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied for resale.
2011 by Santillana Educacin, S. L. / Richmond Publishing Richmond Publishing

Torrelaguna, 60. 28043 Madrid 58 St Aldates
Oxford OX1 ST
Richmond Publishing is an imprint
United Kingdom
of Santillana Educacin, S. L.
PRINTED IN SPAIN
ISBN: 978-84-294-9247-7
CP: 189736
D.L.:

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Top Science 6 PRIMARY

Reinforcement and extension worksheets

There are forty-eight reinforcement worksheets. These materials

26 Technical advances and society ReinfoRcement 14 The Mayan civilisation EXTENSION

Name Date Name Date

The Mayan civilisation appeared about two

Where did the Mayans live?

Where did the rulers live?

We use them to What kind of work did most people do?

The difference between E and F is What did they build?

What was their favourite sport?

There are five double-page diagnostic tests. They are to be completed

3 The relief of Spain DIAGNOSTIC TEST

1 Label the most important relief features on the map.

189736 Diagnostic Test 6 p2 h1_Espaa hidrografia

Now, write the names of 189736 Diagnostic

What climate is found in the shaded

Andalusia What is precipitation like?

What is the vegetation like?

Individual results chart

The individual results chart indicates areas in which a student has

Individual results chart IndIvIduAL RESuLTS CHART

Yes NR* Comments Yes NR* Comments

use some concepts related to

Identify some of the characteristics understand how population is

Recognise the climates of Spain. Identify the Christian kingdoms up to

6 Electricity and magnetism ASSESSmEnt

6 Read the definition and write the word.

A magnetic instrument that shows directions.

8 Label the components of this electrical circuit.

9 Explain the function of each element in an electrical circuit.

4 What is an electromagnet? Answer. switch

5 Will these magnets attract or repel each other? Why?

Term assessment worksheets

7 Explain what a motor does. What are the main types?

1 Write what happens in each case.

When two objects are positively charged, they

When two objects are negatively charged, they

2 Explain what electrical current is and the effects it can produce.

9 Label the globe. Write equator, meridian and parallel.

3 List seven types of energy.

4 Write an example for each type of material.

4 Cape St. Vincent

Circle the correct option.

At the end of the Activity Book,

Read and do! pages per term.

In addition, there are instructions

board game, Ticket to travel, which

enables them to revise content

interactively. Class Audio CD

Teachers Book Teachers Resource Book

DIGITAL MATERIAL ALSO AVAILABLE

Top Science 6 Teacher's Resource Digital Flashcards, Posters

Book: Annex i-book

Two worksheets, Nutrition

students to apply basic science

T o p Scien ce i-s o lut io n s

8 431300 120 655

resources to the classroom. These CDs provide materials

for interactive whiteboard presentations and practice,

Digital Flashcards, Posters and Web bank 305678_CD.indd 1 18/01/11 13:29

The flashcard bank has over 200 images which can be

8 431300 129 481

The Web bank includes some of the best, free web 2

3.The decides to kick the ball, and orders

4.The carry the information to the in the leg.

Which part of the illustration represents the female sex cell?

What is the name of the female sex cell?

Which part represents the male sex cell?

What is the name of the male sex cell?

An elastic, hollow organ where a baby grows during pregnancy.