---- - --- -----

Technical
Officials
Manual
(Release date: August, 2000)

Compiled and Edited by:

Technical Officials Subcommittee
Tawni McBee, Chairperson

Special thanks to Connecticut Judo, Inc., Richard Celotto and Ron Egnor.

This manual is based in large part on their

Timekeepers & Recorders Instruction Manual,
Copyright @ 1998 by Richard Celotto and Ron Egnor.
It is used with their pennission and has been edited for use at the National Level.
-- -- -- - -- ---

INTRODUCTIONTO THETABLEOFFICIALS ..............................5

GENERAL INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

ETIQUETTE AND DRESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

PROFESSIONALISM ...............7

TECHNICAL OFFICIAL CERTIFICATION 7

COMMUNICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

AUDIBLE DEVICES 8

BEANBAGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

OSAEKOMI PADDLES 9

FLAGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

SCOREBOARDS 12
MAN1JAL SCOREBOARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
COMPUTER SCOREBOARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ELECTRONIC SCOREBOARDS 13

CONTEST (MATCH) CLOCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

SETTING THE CONTEST CLOCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
STARTING THE CONTEST (MATCH) CLOCK .15
STOPPING THE CONTEST CLOCK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
SPECIAL SITUATIONS I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

OSAEKOMI (HOLD DOWN) CLOCK 17

SETTING THE OSAEKOMI CLOCK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
STARTING THE OSAEKOMI (HOLD DOWN) CLOCK .18
STOPPING THE OSAEKOMI CLOCK .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
SPECIAL SITUATIONS II 20

RECORDING SCORES 20
KOKA 22
YUKO 22

2
-- - -- --

WAZA-ARI .22
IPPON .... 22
W AZA-ARI A W ASETE IPPON 22

OSAEKOMI SCORES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

CLEAR BOARD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

CHANGEDCALLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

RECORDING PENALTY SCORES ............ 23

PENALTIES AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS 24

MEDICAL CALLS ......... 25

MEDICAL GENERAL 25
RECORDING MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS 26
MEDICAL TIME ...................... 26

REST PERIODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

ADDITIONAL PERTINENT INFORMATION .27

ROTATION. .................... .27

TECHNICAL OFFICIALS SUPERVISORIMANAGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

CHECKING AND CALIBRATING EQUIPMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

GENERAL 28

INTERNATIONAL
REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

TOURNAMENT ORGANIZATION .... 30

TABLE OFFICIAL OBJECTIVES 31
INDIVIDUAL 31
TEAM .. .. .. 31

TABLE TEAM ORGANIZATION 31

MAT SUPERVISOR.... 31
CONTEST TIMEKEEPER 32
OSAEKOMI (HOLD DOWN) TIMEKEEPER 32
SCORER ... 32

3
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PARTIAL OSAEKOMI SCORE TIME FRAMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . 33
TABLE OFFICIALS 33
CONTEST TIMEKEEPER 33
OSAEKOMI TIMEKEEPER 33
SCORER ......... 33
BRACKET KEEPER 33
SYSTEMS MANAGER 34
ON DECK CONTROLLER/ATHLETE STAGING 34
SCOREBOARD . . . . . . . . . . . 34
TEXAS MATCH RECORDER 34
CONTEST SHEET WRITER AND ASSISTANT 34
COMPUTER OPERATOR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
TECHNICAL OFFICIALS SUPERVISOR OR MANAGER 35
MAT SUPERVISOR 35
MAT CREW. . . . . . . 35
BRACKET SYSTEMS 36
BRACKET SHEETS 36
ANNOUNCER. . . . 36
WEIGH - IN OFFICIALS 37
ASSISTANTS ......... 37
DOPING CONTROL ESCORTS 38
MAT CREW. . . . . 38
FEEDER SYSTEM 38
DRAW... 38
WEIGH-IN 38

SELF QUIZ 39

ANSWERS TO THE SELF QUIZ 40

4
-- --- -- --

INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLE OFFICIALS

Trained Table Officials provide a vital function in a successful tournament. Their expertise enables the
referees to concentrate on the actual contest. The players consequently receive the attention they
deserve.

Timing and scoring are very important to the outcome of the contests (matches). The correct operation
of the contest is the ultimate responsibility of the referee and judges with the table officials playing a very
important role in the process. It is important that Table Officials understand their role and how it affects
the contest.

This manual will aid you in understanding your functions, responsibilities, the referee's calls and how to
get certified. Certification will verify your skill level.

Certification is the most effective way to verify your skill level. Table officials with experience will find
helpful items in this manual to improve their skills and prepare them for the next level.

Your role as a Table Official is to accurately start and stop the clocks and to record the actual scores
for the correct player. The clock starting late or set wrong or the score going on the incorrect side are
mistakes a good Table Official will never let occur.

Do not be afraid to ask questions about Japanese words you do not understand or procedures you are
not sure of Read this manual thoroughly as there is a great deal of infonnation in it.

Table Officials are volunteers and, as such, are generally covered under the general liability policy of a
sanctioned event. You should always check to see if the event is properly sanctioned.

The referees, contestants, coaches, parents, friends and especially tournament directors appreciate the
help you give as a Table Official.

GENERAL INFORMATION

No experience in Judo is necessary to perfonn the duties of a timekeeper. To become a Scorer is a

more difficult task because you need to understand the scores and be able to recognize who made the
throw.

To be a good Table Official you need to concentrate 100% on the contest. This sounds easy, but you
will fmd that distractions from coaches, players, parents or friends can divert you from your primary
tasks. If coaches, players or parents ask questions, they should be courteously directed to the
Tournament Director, Table Official's Manager or Chief Referee. No cell phones, pagers, or other
distracting equipment should be in use at the tables.

5
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You will genemlly be assigned only one of the three positions that are covered in this manual. They are
Contest Timing, Osaekomi (Hold down) Timing, and Scoring. In some smaller events you may be
assigned two or all three of these positions. This generally is done with the more experienced Table
Officials. In some tournaments, it may be necessary and appropriate for one person to handle more
than one of these positions. Please refer to the original table of contents for definitions of positions.

A working knowledge of the Judo rules and techniques are helpful, but you are not expected to be a
referee or competitor. The knowledge gained from your repeated observations of tournaments and
asking questions will help you anticipate when a call may be made or a throw may occur. If caught off
guard it can be difficult to get back into the current action of the contest, so staying focused is
important.

If you plan on advancing to the higher levels of Table Official certification, it is recommended that you
get a copy of the current I.J.F. Refereeing Rules of Judo and study them. Attending as many referee
clinics as possible will also help.

Tournament officials do not cheer for athletes, though applause for an injured athlete is appropriate.
Respect and a professional and neutral attitude are expected. Remember that no matter how small the
job you are doing, you are important to the tournament and you are
appreciated.

Table Officials must appear neutral and businesslike throughout a tournament. To cheer for a particular
player or club can be taken as being biased and that could possibly affect how you perform your duties
as timekeeper or Scorer. Cheering can generate complaints from coaches and will seriously affect your
duties. Confine all your conversation to matters pertinent to timing and recording. Do not coach or
cheer.

Table Officials are in the public eye and represent the sport of Judo. Acting and looking professional
will enhance your image and that of JUDO. Table Officials should be punctual. You should be at any
pre-tournament briefmg and be on time at your assigned table when your team is scheduled. Check
with the tournament director or staff supervisor for correct attire.

ETIQUETTE AND DRESS

Technical officials, like referees, should conduct themselves in a professional manner. If you plan to
work at an event, you should contact the tournament director or their delegate about the proper dress
for their event. Some tournaments issue shirts for the workers, some have dress requirements. If in
doubt, the standard uniform for a technical official is a white shirt (not a t-shirt) and dark slacks or skirt
(not shorts or jeans). Head wear should be avoided if possible.
Referee uniform is also appropriate, especially at national and international events. Officials in

6
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supervisory positions should be in referee unifonn or business attire if a tournament specific unifonn is
not expected. A specific unifonn for some officials may be introduced at a later date.

PROFESSIONALISM

. Focusing on thejob at hand is very important. Decisionsand actionsmust be in the best

interest of the athletes.

. Become familiar with the IJFrules and the different bracket systems and weigh-in protocols.

. Distractionscannot be allowed at the mat side. No cell phone, children,mends/visitors,or

food.

. Drinks should be ~ept out of the working area of the table.

. Be on time for your shift and preparedto cover for someonewho is late. Be neutral and polite
to everyone. Keep conversationsto a minimum.
.
TECHNICAL OFFICIAL CERTIFICATION

USA Judo has begun a certification program to standardize tournament officials in the United States.
The aim is to have qualified officials at all tournaments in all positions in order to assure our Judo
athletes that they are being provided with the best Judo experience possible. For some areas, this may
mean changing some of the procedures long used. For other areas, it will be business as usual. For
Judo athletes it means consistency and fair play allover the U.S. For the officials it means recognition
and appreciation for hours of volunteer work. For tournament directors it means availability of trained
help. For our up and coming young athletes, it means fair play, but it also means there is a place for
them to help continue the traditions when they cannot compete and an official record toward their
promotions.

The Technical Officials Subcommittee is under the Tournament Committee of USA Judo (United States
Judo Inc.). Infonnation can be obtained by writing the USA Judo National Office or contacting the
Director of Operations or the Chair of the Tournament Committee or the Technical Officials
Subcommittee.

COMMUNICATION

One of the most important skills in training and working with Table Officials is communication. Lack of
communication has always contributed to problems that surface at work, in the home or when

7
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officiating.

When the Table Officials first go to the table they should familiarize themselves witb the equipment.
They should also familiarize themselves with the referees. Talk to the referees and leam their voices.
Talk to them about any questions that you may have. Asking questions and talking about situations
before they occur in the contest makes everything function better.

The Table Officials should talk among themselves and members of other teams. It will help if you
develop camaraderie with them before, during and after the contests. This is important when you use a
tool called ECHO

The best teams use Echo to keep the team involved and to minimize mistakes. When "Hajime" is
called, the osaekomi timekeeper should echo Hajime to the contest timekeeper. The contest
timekeeper can acknowledge with a "got it" or a nod. When the referee calls "Osaekomi", the contest
timekeeper would Echo the call to the osaekomi timekeeper.

When scores are given, the Echo should be for the score and color as in "koka-White". This may help
the proper score go up for the COlTectplayer. This is especially valuable in Kaeshi waza (Counter
techniques).

In a good team the contest timekeeper should have started the clock before the osaekomi timekeeper
even says "Hajime". The Echo is for those who lose concentration or are distracted from their primary
duties. Even the best team member's minds can drift in a 90-degree temperature room or after several
hours of officiating.

Your team may choose to use an "As Needed FOlTllof ECHO". If someone misses their cue then
another team member can echo the referee's command.

IMPORTANT!
Never take the Echo as someone trying to do your job. You are part of a team of people who are
trying to operate as one unit. Always discuss the use of Echo with your team before the
competition begins. Some Table Officials may not be familiar with the process.

AUDIBLE DEVICES

The audible device must be loud enough to be heard over the cheering crowd. Each competition area
should have a distinctly different sound to minimize confusion. When there are six or more areas some
sounds can be repeated depending on the distances between the competition areas.

The best sound device must achieve at least 110 decibels. These devices generally are set on the floor
and have a switch on the table. Exposure to the constant wailing of a horn can be irritating. Placing the

8
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horn on the floor significantly reduces the irritation for the Table Officials.

When the audible device sound is triggered it should be for at least two seconds so the referee hears it
and does not think it came ITom another area.

Audible devices can include electric piezo buzzers, electric bells, electric horns, electronic tones (high or
low, or high and low pitch), boat air hom, whistles, cow bell, etc.

Electronic scoreboards have the audible sound built in and generally have 4-6 electronic tones to
choose ITom.

BEANBAGS

Beanbags are an American device used to indicate the end of time for the contest or hold down. Their
use is not defined in the I.J.F. rules. It will be necessary to understand how they are used until all
tournaments change to the audible devices.

Even when using all audible devices, beanbags should be available at the table in case the referee does
not respond to the audible device. This can happen in contests where there is a lot of cheering and in
cases of similar sounding or low volurne audible devices. When it is obvious that the referee did not
hear the audible signal, a table official should throw the beanbag at the referee's feet to alert him or her
that time is up or that there is a problem.

The beanbag should be thrown exactly when time is up.

It is imperative that the Table Officials and the referees all know the timing of the beanbag. The
beanbag should be thrown between the referee and the contestants and land in ITontof the referee. If
the referee's back is to the table, the bag must be thrown past the referee into his line of sight. The
beanbag when thrown MUST NEVER hit the referee or the contestants. Those who throw the bean
bag should practice their throw at each tournament before the tournament begins.

OSAEKOMI PADDLES

The osaekorni paddles are used to tell the referee what score has been earned for a partial hold down.
One side of the paddle shows the name of the score and the range in seconds. This side should be
facing the osaekorni timekeeper. The other side has a letter or symbol designating the score for the
referee. .

The lines in "option one" represent the scores using the international symbols reflecting the referee's arm
position during each score. A vertical line represents Koka, a diagonal line represents Yuko and a
horizontal line represents Waza-an.

9
- -- --

OSAEKOMI PADDLES OPTION ONE

(FACING REFEREE)

KOKA YUKO WAZ_ftl

I " L- L-
none for
ippon
.h~ mll.~h
is over

In "option two" K = Koka, Y =Yuko and W = Waza-ari. Hold the letter/symbol side to the referee
until the referee makes the call. The paddle should be held at head or above head height.

PADDLES OPTION TWO (FACING REFEREE)

k y w
OSAEKOMI PADDLES SIDE FACING TIMERS

WAZA.
KOKA YUKO
.ARI
10-14.9 15.19.9 20.24.9
seconds seconds seconds
25
--
IPPON

SIDE OF PADDLES FACING TIME KEEPERS

10
- ---

When osaekomi is called, the green flag should be raised. The green flag should remain up until toketa
or matte is called. At this point, the appropriate paddle showing time elapsed (if the time elapsed is 10
seconds to 24 seconds) should be raised so the referee can make the appropriate call.

Keep the paddle raised until the referee makes the proper call, then remove the paddle and record the
score on the scoreboard.

An optional chalk board paddle or a paddle with a pad of paper with a marker may be used to signify
the number of seconds below ten that does not earn a recorded score. If the referee needs to know
this information, he or she will indicate by pointing to his or her watch or approaching the table to ask.
You may also hold up the appropriate number offmgers to indicate this time if necessary. Do not do
this unless the referee inquires.

On occasion the referee will touch their wristwatch with the pointer finger. In this situation the osaekomi
timekeeper should signal the referee in the following manner. If the elapsed time is more than five
seconds hold the five fmgers spread out above your head for about one second then make a fist and
show the additional seconds with the appropriate fingers. Be absolutely sure the referee is looking at
you. Most referees will not make the inquiry. When they look over after
toketa and do not see a paddle up, they will assume it was less than ten seconds.

When using the computer or electronic scoreboard, the referee, after calling "toketa", can look to the
board and see the number of seconds on the osaekomi clock. In the case of no recorded scores on the
scoreboard or even scores, the referee must take into account the length of time of each osaekomi less
then ten seconds when coming to a decision for hantei (decision).

FLAGS

There are four flags. The contest timekeeper uses the yellow flag. It is held up at the beginning of the
contest and whenever the contest clock is stopped. The osaekomi timekeeper uses the green flag. It is
held up when the osaekomi clock is running. The usage of these flags will be covered in detail later in
this manual. Usually the referee's flags are on the table. The referee's flags (one blue and one white) are
used when there are no scores or the scores are the same for both contestants. In this case the referee
will walk over to the table. Let the referee pick the flags up or hand them to the referee at ann's length.
Never talk to the referee who is picking up the flags as it may be considered to be an attempt to
influence their decision.
The yellow and green flag are not used when electronic scoreboards are used. The contest and
osaekomi time displays are then visible to the referee and contestants. They should be kept at the table
along with manual clocks as back up to the electronic scoreboard.

11
 --- - - -

SCOREBOARDS

MANUAL SCOREBOARDS

There is one kind of manual scoreboard that is within the lJ.F., rules. The style is described in the lJ.F,
rule book. It is basically numerical and reads like a basketball scoreboard. That is the 100's(left)
column is for Waza-ari, the 10's (middle) column is for Yuko and the l's (right) column is for koka.
Anyone not familiar with Judo can easily see who is winning when the board is laid out in this manner.
The one with the highest numerical score wins. Below the Koka
column is the space for the Shido penalty indicator. Below the Yuko is the space for the Chui penalty
indicator. Below the Waza-ari is the space for the Keikoku Penalty indicator.

(Diagram A)

I
'AZAARI
1110
I YUKO KOKA .

WHITE . .~I~i~l~i~lml~ilm-~~~!~~~i~~~~fIf~i~!mmmmmmm-~~!~

keikoku I ehui I shido

White has thrown (or held) for a wazaari and received a yuko from red's
penalty of chui

Red has thrown (or pinned) for a total offour koka scores

White is winnina 110 to 4

DIAGRAM A

White has thrown or held for a waza-ari and received a yuko from red's penalty of chui. Blue has
thrown or held for a total of four koka scores. White is winning 110 to 4.

These scoreboards are sometimes too high to see over when on the table and must be worked from the
sides and front of the table.

The numbers displayed on the scoreboard should be large enough to be seen from a distance. A 4"
height minimum is recommended for local events. If ippon is called it is assumed that everyone knows
that ippon is an automatic win. This is equivalent to 200 points.

12
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Another acceptable manual scoreboard is very similar to Diagram A, but has the penalties indicated in
a column to the right of the koka column. (Diagram B)

DIAGRAM B

These scoreboards are

I
WIIZ88rl
I
YUKO
0
KOKA pen81ty
0 0 4 C
waz8ari YUKO KOKA penalty
generally low enough so
that the Scorer can see
over and work behind the
board at the table. Both of
\lVH I T E REIl'BlU. E the above include either
fixed number cards,
generally soft vinyl sheets attached by a couple of metal rings, or separate number cards made out of
1/8" Masonite or plywood. When using the separate number cards, be sure you have all the
appropriate cards before the competition begins.

There have been many ingenious methods of keeping score. They include Velcro dots, chalk lines,
indicator lights and magnets to name a few. If asked to work with one of these, make sure you
understand how they work. Hopefully, everyone will eventually come into compliance with the LJ.F.
approved methods or the accepted alternative. This will make training easier and Judo more
understandable to the public.

-
COMPUTER SCOREBOARDS
DOmlmmm!I'C
I!rJiI:iI!lCI:il i
These scoreboards use standard 386 or better computers to operate. The IDI3rn 11
:
monitor is turned to the competition area and the standard keyboard is used
to operate a software program, which is available on disk. They are in
color and approximate the LJ.F, required design. They have a visible Iml_II.~
countdown contest clock and a count up osaekorni clock. The standard
monitor is too small for some people to see. Regular colored televisions can
be used with a special adapter.

ELECTRO~CSCOREBOARDS

Electronic scoreboards are ideally what should be used at

all Judo competitions. They are similar in layout to the
official LJ.F, manual scoreboard, but also include a count
down contest clock and a count up osaekorni clock.
! (Photo courtesy of the ChronornixCorp.)

13
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CONTEST (MATCH) CLOCK

SETTING THE CONTEST CLOCK

The LJ.F. Refereeing Ru1es were written for International Judo Championships among senior
contestants. They specifY the length of contests. Tournaments at the Local, Regional and National level
may have different duration of contest times. Some may use three minutes for all junior contests, senior
below Sankyu (3rd brown) and Masters. Some may use 2 minutes for the 6-8 year old divisions. Read
the specific tournament flyer for the contests duration for that event. If you officiate in a specific area of
the country you become familiar with the standard duration times used in that area.

The Technical Officials Manager at the Table Officials briefing shou1dcover the duration of the contest
for each age or rank group. Some toumaments will have the duration of the contests listed on an
information sheet at each table. If you have a question about which age group is fighting seek the
answer before the contest starts.

Familiarize yourself with your clock, stopwatch, computer keyboard, or electronic contest clock
control pad.

The contest clock is the clock that keeps the time for the overall contest (match). The I.J.F. rules
specifY the type and number of clocks to be used. One type is a large photography clock (9" x 9" x 3'
). Some have small lights on the side or top to indicate whether the clock is running or stopped. There is
generally a toggle switch in the top right comer on the clock face side. Moving the hands of the clock
sets the time. Often a stopwatch is used instead.

Another type is a stopwatch. Each of these is completely different and you must leam which buttons on
the clock you need to use. The simple stopwatches have a count up clock starting at 0:00:00 or similar.
All you need is the on and off button. This is generally the same button. You also need the reset button,
this brings the watch back to 0:00:00. All other functions on this watch are unnecessary. Practice with
timing devices before the tournament begins.

Some stopwatches have a countdown function where you can set the starting time of three minutes on
the clock. When the clock reaches 0:00:00 the beep will sound. If you are serious
about being a Table Official you shou1d invest in your own high quality stopwatch.

If you ever get the opportunity to use the computer or electronic scoreboard clocks you shou1d give
yourself adequate time to learn how to operate these systems even if you will not be operating them at
that particular event.

NEVER RESET THE CLOCK UNTIL THE WIN IS A WARDED

14
 STARTING THE CONTEST (MATCH) CLOCK

One finger should be on the start button of the contest clock from the time the contestants bow to the
mat until the win is awarded. In the other hand should be the yellow flag held up
so the referee can see it easily. (If electronic equipment is being used, the yellow flag
is only necessary when manual equipment is being used as back-up.) Your elbow may
remain on the table. This lets the referee know you are alert and ready. If the yellow
flag is not available then just raise the hand holding the watch above your head. Watch
the referee's body and the contestant's actions. The referee will always start the
contest with "Hajime" which means begin in Japanese. When you start the clock you
should drop the yellow flag. The clock should also be started on the referee's
command of "yoshi" which means continue. Yoshi is used after the referee command
of "Sonomama" which means do not move. It is not necessary that the referee
always face the table, so in some instances after the fIrst "Hajime" the referee's back Hl\Jr~e
START
may be to the table.

You must take into account the referee's body language and that of the contestants. "Hajime" has no
hand signal.

For yoshi the referee may have both hands on the contestants and other than voice, body language
may be your only signal to start the clock. It will be a snap of the referee's body and the resumption of
the fIght.

EYE CONTACT is very important. Always watch the referee. Eye contact is another signal the referee
has to gesture they are ready to start. The contestants do not have to be on their lines for the referee to
call "Hajime" . Make sure that when you start the clock the digits begin to change or the hands begin to
move. This will verifYthat the clock is nmning.

Good teams of Table Officials always echo the commands of the referee to the contest timekeeper. A
hajime should never be missed. If someone behind you talks to you do not turn
your head to respond. You may miss the hajime by a couple of seconds. That means nothing at this
point, but at the end of a contest those seconds may be crucial to the outcome of the contest.

When using computer or electronic scoreboard clocks and the power goes out, switch immediately to
the manual stop watches until you get the referee's attention. The stopwatches should always be close
at hand.

l~
 ----

STOPPING THE CONTEST CLOCK

The contest clock is to be stopped on the referee's commands of "Matte" (Stop),

"Sonomama" (Freeze), and "Soremade" (That is all). Matte is called quite often for
a variety of reasons such as going outside, the Judogi being disarranged, dangerous
situations, and when a penalty is to be given to name a few.

If you compete in Judo you will recognize some of the situations

that can cause "Matte" to be called. This will make you more
MA",e
STOP alert. Be ready, but do not preempt the referee's call.

Sonomama is only used in Ne Waza and is generally used for three reasons. One
contestant has the judogi over his head and it is impeding progress. One contestant has
committed a prohibited act. Also when one contestant may be injured and the referee
would like to take a closer look without taking the advantage away. Sonomama hand
-' ' ..--
signal is pressing with both hands one on each player. SORE-MAOE

END OF COHTEST

The command "Soremade" always follows "Waza-ari awasete ippon" (two near
points niake a full point.), "Ippon" (full point), and when the time runs out. Soremade has no gesture.

In the case when the time runs out, the contest timekeeper will sound the audible device or throw the
beanbag exactly when the time expires.

When you stop the clock always make sure that the digits stop changing or the hands stop moving.
Verify the clock has stopped.

NEVER RESET THE CLOCK UNTIL THE WIN IS A WARDED!

SPECIAL SITVA nONS I

When both contestants go out of bounds while osaekomi is in progress the referee command used is
"Matte". This should stop both the contest and osaekomi clocks. During osaekomi it is possible that the
contest time will run out before the hold (osaekomi) is broken or completed to ippon. In this case the
contest timekeeper must remember that the osaekomi (hold down) time OVERRIDES the contest time.
Stop the contest clock at or near zero and DO NOT sound the audible device or throw the beanbag.

If the hold is broken or goes out of bounds, sound the audible on the command "toketa" (broken) or
"Matte" (stop). If the contest is won because of the hold your (match clock) audible
sound (or beanbag) is not needed. The osaekomi (hold down) timekeeper will handle that.

Iflppon or Waza-ari Awasete Ippon is called remember that the two judges can vote for lower scores,

16
 ------

in which case the contest is still going on. Stop only on "Soremade" (That is all).

Do not reset the clock until the win is awarded.

When using computer or electronic scoreboards, this override is built into the program.

OSAEKOMI (HOLD DOWN) CLOCK

There should always be at least two osaekorni clocks (stopwatches) per table. There should be spare
batteries available in the event a stopwatch fails. Many stopwatches have multiple modes that can be
set at the touch of a button.

Take some time before the toumarnent begins and play with the watch getting it to start, stop and reset
then start again.

Only stopwatches with a start and stop button and a reset button should be used for Judo contests.

Make sure wind-up watches are wound appropriately before the competition begins.

The timekeeper needs to be able to watch the referee and yet quickly see the elapsed time. With
practice you can glance and know how many seconds have gone by. This would be the same way you
look at a wall clock for the time.

The difference between two scores in osaekorni time is only one second and that could affect the
outcome of the contest.

This makes alert and accurate starting and stopping the clock (stopwatch) very important.

SETTING THE OSAEKOMI CLOCK

The osaekorni clock may be a clock, stopwatch, computer or electronic timer. In every case the clock
must be set to zero (OO:OO).Whena hold is broken with "toketa" (lost control) stop the
clock. Mentally note the time and echo it to someone on the team. If action continues immediately reset
the clock to zero.

There may be another hold immediately following the broken hold. This can happen many times in a
row, so be prepared.

Each hold down time should be recorded on a piece of paper that the osaekorni timekeeper should
have.

17
----- ----

NotifY the referee of the elapsed time by using the osaekomi paddle. If you have difficulty resetting the
clock switch to the back up and have someone on the team try to reset it.

Stopwatch problems are usually a switch in modes.

STARTING THE OSAEKOMI (HOLD DOWN) CLOCK

There are three times when you start the osaekomi clock.

First is when the referee announces "Osaekomi" (holding). This is when one
contestant has control of the other in ne-waza (groundwork) and the referee believes
an osaekomi exists. Next is when the referee announces "yoshi" (continue). For this
to occur the referee would have to had previou,sly signaled "Sonomama" (Freeze) at
which time you stopped the osaekomi clock. After the referee has taken care of the
situation, they would resume the contest by saying "yoshi". Last, is when the contest
clock loses power or fails, then the osaekomi clock could become a back up. The
OSAI.KOMI
back up stopwatch would be the preferred back up clock. HOLDING

If both judges signal osaekomi from their chairs WAIT until the center referee calls it.

Voice differences and the lengths of the osaekomi call can make it hard to understand the referee.
Watch the referee's position, and the official gesture ofleaning slightly forward with one arm extended
with the fmgertips of the hand pointing down at the contestants.

The hand gesture for yuko can look like the hand gesture for osaekomi, but the referee's body is
usually upright in yuko and the hand is off to the side, not in front of the referee over the contestant's
bodies.

Many timekeepers delay in starting the osaekomi clock. This happens most often immediately following
a throw. The referee calls the score with one hand and the hold down a split second later with the other
hand.

If there is an injury or penalty to be assessed the referee may pause the hold by calling Sonomama.
Keep eye contact, as sometimes it is just the referee asking the contestants, "Are
you O.K.?" before resuming.

The referee would then announce yoshi. The signal for yoshi is a slight pressing action on both
contestants. You may see the snap of the referee and/or the resumption of the fight.

Remember that one second can be the difference between no score and koka.

18
 STOPPING THE OSAEKOMI CLOCK

There are four calls that stop the osaekomi clock. The first is toketa (broken). This is when the referee
has determined that the contestant holding has lost control and no longer has a hold down.

Of the four, this is the call you will see most often. Learn what can cause the referee to say toketa so
you will not be caught off guard.

The most common reasons for the referee to call toketa are when the held contestant gets all of their
back off the mat or the held contestant scissors the top contestant's leg.

The second is Matte. That occurs when both contestants go out of bounds during a hold down. Matte
is also called when the controlling contestant commits a penalty. In all these cases, the osaekomi
timekeeper must notifY the referee of a score, if a score was earned. Holding up the appropriate paddle
does this.

On rare occasions matte may be called for a compound win, where a Waza-ari hold down is scored
and there has been a Keikoku bv the other contestant. The scenario affecting the osaekomi timekeeper
vQV.r.nph.h,i~i"bth.. "QfAr~ ths>t.th npp,-tp,-t hAI,-t Jlr.vxm t1mp h~<: phn<:("n It ('~n ;:11<:0or.r.llr from ;:1r.hoke:.
 - -- ---

would call "Waza-ari Awasete Ippon". The team should help in this complex situation. A good
osaekomi timekeeper should never go to 25 seconds, when the contestant holding already
has a Waza-ari. In these cases (match over) do not reset the osaekomi clock until the win is awarded.

SPECIAL SITVA nONS II

The stopwatch is the back up for the contest clock.

If the referee breaks an osaekomi (hold down) in error, the referee team may decide, in the
contestant's best interest, to reposition the contestants and resume the hold down that was
in progress. This may happen if an adjacent audible device confuses the referee. Also, if the contest
timekeeper erroneously sounds the bell or throws in the beanbag at the end of contest time during an
active osaekomi holding (Osaekomi time overrides match time). It can also happen when the referee
calls "toketa" in error and the two judges wave it off and request the hold to be continued ITom the
point "toketa" was called.

This does happen ITomtime to time and the referee will ask you how much time was on the osaekomi
clock. This is one more reason to echo everything to the rest of the Table Officials team. DO NOT
RESET THE CLOCK.

RECORDING SCORES

The Scorer is the person who operates the scoreboard. In order to do this job effectively you do need
to have some Judo experience. The more experience you have the easier this job will be. The Scorer
should be doing or have done Judo. The more experience you have, the more you will comprehend the
actions that take place.

The Scorer must have a working knowledge of throws and who is throwing. This is especially true in
the case ofKaeshi waza (countering techniques). In these situations the referee may assist by indicating
to the blue or white tape on the mat, but sometimes this does not happen. The Scorer must rely on the
team members present to help them put the correct score up for the correct contestant. The Scorer
must be familiar with all of the referee throw signals (gestures) and penalty calls and signals (gestures).

The referee will normally just call the score and make the gesture and expect the Scorer to credit the
correct score to the correct contestant. This will normally not be a problem if you are watching. Too
often the attention of the Scorer is pulled away by coaches, contestants, parents or mends.

When the teams Echo the call they should add the color. An example would be "Koka White".
The referee should check the scoreboard about five seconds after they make the call to insure that the
score was recorded correctly. Only the center referee can order changes to the scoreboard.

20
 -- -----

The paddles signal the scores for hold-downs.

With the electronic scoreboard the osaekomi time is visible and the paddles are unnecessary.

The referee may have to wait to look up if the action warrants his full attention. Keep your paddle score
signal up as long as you have to. Scores eamed must be recorded before the win is awarded even if it
does not effect the outcome of the contest. At higher level events statistics are
kept on every contest. An exact record on every score and penalty must be recorded for statistical
analysis purposes.

If your team is not sure of the call put up the score you think is correct before the referee looks over.
The referee team should correct you if needed. In some areas, the Scorer is told to hold the number
card above the column they think it should go in. When the referee sees this, he or she should indicate
the correct side by indicating to the tape on the competition area. The referee does not usually indicate
to the scoring contestant's line. In obviously confusing counter throws, they may indicate with their
hand, little finger side down, fmgers together, finger tips pointing to the line (mark, tape) of the scoring
contestant, not to the contestant who may be anywhere on the contest area.

In rare cases the referees may be told to indicate the color by indicating to the mark (tape) on the
competition area. This is when new Scorers are being trained at club or small local events or at regional
events where the Scorers are weak and making many mistakes. In some localities the referees may say
Blue or White after they call the score. This is frowned upon. Referees who have been around a long
time may use the terms "Aka" (Red) or "Shiro" (White). These
terms are not used anymore because they are easily confused with Koka and Shido and "Red" has
been changed to "Blue".

This practice of identifYing color is detrimental to the referees at the regional and higher level, trying to
progress and advance to higher levels. It is also detrimental to training good Scorers. Calling the color
would foster complacency on the part of novice Scorers and they would never progress.

Scores for penalties are covered later in this section.

The Scorer can only record scores and penalties that the referee announces and gestures. (Note: It is
a good idea for all technical officials to attend referee clinics as often as possible to get a better idea of
how the rules work.)

21
 ---

There are four scores and five score signals. They are:

KOKA - On the scoreboardkoka is indicatedin the l's (right) column of the contestant
who threw. The koka is given when one contestantthrows the other onto his buttocks, or
softly onto the back or top of the shoulders.

_O<Il
'

A~~
..

.~ ~/\
.
.: ~' ''1\
,?(
'
,,t;\

"-1\
YUKO - On the scoreboard yuko is indicated in the IO's(middle) column of the
contestant who threw. The yuko is given when one contestant throws the other with
control and is partially lacking two of the three elements of "largely on the back" and one
Jl i ( of the others "force" and "speed".
jJ Ll.
_..w.\~-<

W AZA-ARl- On the scoreboard Waza-ari is indicated in the 100's (left) column

of the contestant who threw. The Waza-ari is given when one contestant throws the
other with control
and is partially lacking one of the three elements of "largely on the back" with
"force" and "speed".
;;;;;;;t
...""...~

IPPON - Ippon is usually not indicated on the scoreboard because the contest is
automatically over. On electronic scoreboards there is a winner's light, which is turned on in
the case of an ippon. The ippon is given when one contestant with control throws the other
"largely on their back" with "force" and "speed".

IP~
PCM'

W AZA-ARl AW ASETE IPPON - This is a second Waza-ari added to a previous

one to make a full point. The signal is a combination of Waza-ari then ippon.

CLEAR THE BOARD AFTER THE WIN IS AWARDED NEVER BEFORE!

22
 --

OSAEKOMI SCORES

The Scorer can only put a score on the board if the referee calls it. If the referee calls "toketa" and the
osaekorni timekeeper has the yuko paddle up the Scorer can not take it upon themselves to add the
earned yuko to the scoreboard.

The referee must see the paddle and call the score and make the gesture. Only then can the Scorer
record the yuko on the scoreboard.

CLEAR BOARD

Be sure before the beginning of each contest the scoreboard is cleared of scores, penalties and medical
indicators. The timekeepers should assist in this endeavor.

CHANGED CALLS

The "majority of three rule" govems the referee team. If the two judges arrive at a
different score than that of the center referee, they will signal the referee within five
seconds. When the signal for the out voted score is still up, the referee will wave the
original score off and call the new score. When this occurs you should remove the
referee's original score on the scoreboard and record the new corrected score.

Occasionally, the center referee does not notice the judges for a while and will have to signal the old
score again in order to wave it off. Remove the score that is being signaled while the referee waves it
off and replace it with the one verbalized and signaled after the wave off.

On rare occasions you may have to adjust the scoreboard long after the score is recorded. This is the
referee team's responsibility to notice the error and get it corrected as soon as possible. If your team
uses Echo, the chances of this occurring are reduced.

RECORDING PENALTY SCORES

It is important to remember that each contestant can receive only one score ITomhis or her opponent's
penalty or penalties. This score is the equivalent of the highest penalty given during the contest.

23
 -- --

PENALTIES AND THEIR EQUN ALENTS

Shido ==> Koka

Chui => Yuko
Keikoku => Waza-ari
Hansoku make ==> Ippon

If Blue is penalized chui, White receives a yuko score immediately.

The referee will turn slightly towards the offending contestant and then demonstrate the penalty or say
something to the contestant. The referee would then point with their index (pointer) finger extended
trom their fist with the ann straight towards the offending contestant and announce the penalty "Shido",
"Chui", "Keikoku' or "Hansoku Make" which ever is warranted. With "hansoku make" the contest is
over. There is nothing the Scorer does in this case.

On electronic scoreboards you may turn on the win light for the winning contestant.

Each contestant can only have one penalty showing.

The referee will know which penalty to give. When a further penalty is given remove the previous one
and it's equivalent score trom the other side. Now, put up the new penalty and it's equivalent score to
the other side.

The computer and electronic scoreboards do this automatically.

For example:
Blue has Shido already and gets another Shido penalty. The referee would then call the next highest
penalty of chui. You should change the Shido penalty to a chui penalty on red's (Blue's) side of the
scoreboard and then remove the koka trom White and give White a yuko. If Blue commits another
penalty the referee would then give Blue Keikoku. When the referee indicates and calls "Keikoku" the
Scorer would change the chui penalty to a Keikoku penalty on red's (Blue's) side of the scoreboard
and then remove the yuko and add a waza-ari to White's side.

NEVER CLEAR THE SCORE BOARD UNTIL THE WIN IS A WARDED!

24
 MEDICAL CALLS

MEDICAL GENERAL

The referee will signal several types of medical calls. The first is "Free Touch". This is when something
minor is being done and no one gets any advantage or disadvantage.

The next signal is "First Medical Examination". When the referee feels it is necessary to establish
whether the injured contestant can continue or not, the referee calls the medical person onto the
competition area. Once there, the referee will tell the doctor what happened and what is injured. The
referee will then point his fingers, palm flat and facing down towards the injured contestant's line,
(Mark, tape) and hold up the index finger from a closed fist pointing to the ceiling with the other hand.
When the referee does this, the Scorer will then display the first medical indicator for the injured
contestant.

If the referee calls the medical person out for the same or a different medical problem the second time
this is a "Second Medical Examination".

When the referee feels it is necessary to establish whether the injured contestant can continue or not,
the referee calls the medical person onto the competition area. Once there, the referee will tell the
medical person what happened and what was hurt. The referee will then point his fingers, palm flat and
facing down towards the injured contestant's line (mark" tape) and hold up two fingers (index and
middle) from a closed fist pointing to the ceiling with the other hand. When
the referee does this, the Scorer will then display the second medical indicator for the injured
contestant. Do not display medical until the referee signals you to do so.

The last medical signal is for a "Free Examination". This is when the other contestant is usually blamed
for the injury. The referee would signal with both arms palms up extended from the body pointing
towards the injured contestant. In most of these cases, the uninjured contestant is either given a
Keikoku or Hansoku make for the action. The Scorer has nothing to do with the medical indicators in
this case, but should be prepared to record a penalty, if the referee and judges feel one is warranted.

Any medical after the contest is over is not chargeable.

Do not worry about why the referee charges or does not charge the contestant for a medical. Scorers
just need to watch for the signal that shows the index fmger up on one hand and the other hand palm
down to the injured contestant's line. On the second charged injury the referee
will show two fingers up and the other hand palm down. On the third chargeable injury the contestant
loses.

25
 RECORDING MEDICAL EXAMINATIONS

There should be two green indicators. One indicator has one Blue cross on one side and two Blue
crosses on the other. The other indicator has one white cross on one side and two white crosses on the
other.

These indicatorS can be mounted to the top of

O
first

~L..! ..'~~.di.II~;.:.
+. .J!, the scoreboard or be separate on a small stand
next to the scoreboard but visible to the referee.

The computer and electronic scoreboards have

them built into the display of the scoreboard.
wtliteplayer red/blueplayer
wtliteongreen red(blue)ongreen If White gets the first medical examination, then
display to the referee the medical indicator that
second has one white cross showing.

++
mtl,ui l- .~
If the referee neglects to indicate the
appropriate gesture for a medical examination,
do not record it. It is the referee team's
MEDICALINDICATORS responsibility to insure that the proper gesture is
"SECOND"IS OTHERSIDEOF"FIRST" given. Check with your team members to verify
the referee did or did not give the charged
medical gesture.

MEDICAL TIME

There is no set time for medical examinations time limit. The referee will detennine the length of time of
an examination. The current ruling is it should be as quick as possible. The Osaekorni watch or a spare
watch should be started to time the medical stop just in case the referees need to know. They will ask
you if they need to know. Do nothing to indicate that you are timing or to indicate the time unless asked
by the referees.

REST PERIODS
When a contestant needs to fight two contests in a row in the same division they are allowed a rest
period in between. Currently the time is ten minutes. The contest timekeeper may be asked to time this
rest period if no contest is being held on that competition area. The back up stopwatch can also be
used to time these rest periods.

26
 - -- ---- -- ---

The resting contestant may waive all or some of this time and request to start the contest.

If the contestant is fighting in two divisions this rule generally does not apply. Ask the Technical Official
Manager or the Tournament Director for clarification at specific events.

ADDITIONAL PERTINENT INFORMATION

ROTATION

Table Officials should not work for long periods of time. Their concentration and sharpness will be
affected. This will lead to mistakes. There should be an established rotation (relief) system to afford
table officials the opportunity to rest, relax and regenerate between duty shifts.

Ideally, team changes should occur every hour. There should be two teams per table. The change in
teams can be done individually or as a group. The individual table officials can establish changes and
their counterparts (replacements) or the Technical Official Manager can set the schedule and method of
rotation.

When the team does change it must be seamless and without intemIption to the progress of the
competition. The contestants should never have to wait for the Table Officials to be ready.

Never be late for your shift. If your counterpart, (replacement), is late continue doing your official duties
until they arrive.

The reality is that at many events there are very few willing and qualified Table Officials and there are
many times when you may be working for the entire tournament and doing two and sometimes all three
jobs.

TECHNICAL OFFICIALS SUPERVISORIMANAGER

All well organized tournaments should have a Technical Official's Supervisor or. In smaller events the
Technical Official's Manager could be working at a table. There should be one person who assigns
Table Officials to specific positions. When someone offers to help at a table, every member of the
tournament staff should know to whom to send this person.

The Technical Official's Manager will hold a pre-tournament briefing. They should double check that
each competition area has the proper working equipment (scoreboard with nurnbers, clocks, green and
yellow flags, medical indicator and audible device (or beanbags).

27
 ----

They should individually check on all uncertified Table Officials to detennine what their level of
competency is and assign them to teams with higher levels of certified Table Officials.

CHECKING AND CALIBRATING EQUIPMENT

Members of the tournament set-up group generally place the Table Official's equipment at the table.
The Technical Official's Manager should check all the equipment at all the competition areas.

The clocks and stopwatches should be checked against another clock for accuracy.

The scoreboards should be checked to be sure all the appropriate number cards and penalty markers
are present and the scoreboard is set up with the Blue side to the right of the referee. The medical
indicators should be ready for both contestants.

A yellow and green flag should be at each table. The referee's Blue and white flags should be on the
table. The comer referee's flags should be in holsters attached to their chairs.

If electronic or computer scoreboards are being used they should be put through a check out test
before the tournament begins to ensure all necessary functions are fully operational and the displays
work.

The Technical Official's team should arrive at their assigned competition area at least fifteen minutes
early to check and calibrate the equipment and clocks again.

When the competition is over the clocks and watches are left on the table. In some areas, the Table
Official's Manager may ask that the clocks and stopwatches be personally returned to
them for safekeeping. The table supervisor should not leave the table area until all equipment is picked
up or secured.

GENERAL

You should never discuss any individuals who made a mistake. The particular situation of the mistake
can be discussed if it has educational value. To talk about fellow Table Officials or any other official
negatively is unprofessional, unwarranted and rude. This also demonstrates poor teamwork.

At some larger events the tournament organizers provide a tee shirt, polo shirt or vest of the same color
to all the Table Officials. This helps with making the team look like a team and look more professional.
Unless you have been notified otherwise, plan to wear a white shirt (not a t-shirt) with dark pants or
skirt. At some events, officials dress in the same uniform as the referee. If you aren't sure of official
dress code, ask the head of the technical officials or the
tournament director for the proper dress code.

28
 - --- --

When you arrive at a tournament you should go to the Technical Official's Manager and offer your
services. They should not have to look for you. If you have to leave early or won't be working the
second day, let the Technical Official's Manager know when you sign up in the morning.

You should also let your team know. This is the professional, considerate and polite thing to do.

The contestants should never wait for the Table Officials to be ready. They should always be
ready.

Some competition areas may close down earlier than others near the end of the competition day.
Generally, the referee must officially close the competition area. Orders to close a competition area
must come ITomthe Tournament Director, Chief Referee or Technical Official's Manager.

Please check in with the Table Official's Manager. If you can remain and help, then offer your services
to help out at another table.

When there is an abundance of Table Officials, usually the Technical Official's Manager may assign a
supervisor to each table. This supervisor is usually well trained in all the Table Official's duties. They
will watch over the entire operation ensuring accurate timing and recording.

Many times this person is a referee assigned by the chief referee. Otherwise, the Bracket keeper is the
supervisor. In some cases, when there is an abundance of referees especially at National events, the
Chief Referee will assign a National referee to monitor the scoreboard and clocks. That National
referee is there only to ensure the COITectscores go to the COITectcontestants. If the Scorer and
timekeepers do their jobs accurately you will never know the National referee is there. There may be
an official supervisor as well as the referee assigned to a table.

When you believe the referee and judges have made a mistake make a mental note of it, but say nothing
to the referees. If you think the wrong player was awarded a score or an equally important eITorhas
occUITed,you may ask the table supervisor to report this to the chief referee or the head of the jury at
your table. Do not take this step unless you are absolutely certain, even if it is obvious to you and your
team that White made the throw and they gave it to red. Only give
your opinion if the chief referee makes an inquiry.

You should never discuss these perceived mistakes with any coaches, contestants, parents or mends.
Your opinion may be based on eIToneous infon-nation.

There are situations that you as Table Officials can bring to the attention of the referee. If the Blue
contestant has a Keikoku and the White contestant later in the contest throws for Waza-ari and then
the referee calls osaekomi. The Waza-ari should be recorded and the osaekomi clock started, but
White has already won with Sogo Gachi (compound win). If the referee and judges do not realize that

29
---

the contest is over, the Table Official can sound the audible device or throw the beanbag in. You must
be absolutely sure before you intervene like this.

If the wrong contestants are on the mat, the audible device can be sounded, or the bean bag can be
thrown in to alert the referee to a problem.

All tables, chairs, scoreboards and advertising placards should be 50 centimeters (20 inches) from the
edge of the safety area.

INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

For International A and B Championships all timekeepers and Scorers should be at least 21 years of
age, have a minimum of three years experience as a National referee and a good knowledge of the
contest rules. They must have been thoroughly trained prior to officiating.

There shall be two timekeepers, one for overall contest time and one specializing in osaekomi. If
possible there should be a third person to supervise the two timekeepers.

The Scorer must record the actual scores to the correct contestant.

Each competition area must have two electronic scoreboards fully operational. In most cases the
second board is wired into the fIrst board. The same person operates both boards. In addition to this
the manual scoreboards should be set up and operating in conjunction with the electronic scoreboards.

TOURNAMENT ORGANIZATION

The Tournament Director is in charge of the event, though, in national and international events,
she or he may be required to report to national and international committees. The director may
have assistants or coordinators at some tournaments in addition to the positions following.

The Technical Official Supervisor reports to the Tournament Director and is in charge of the table
workers and the mat crew & communicates directly with the Chief Referee and the Systems Manager.

The Announcer reports to the Tournament Director or his/her delegates.

The Chief Referee comes under the Tournament Director, but has some autonomy because of the
nature of his/her position. All referees report directly to the Chief Referee.

The Systems Manager also maintains some autonomy, but is responsible to the Tournament Director
and manages the office staff. The Systems Manager at times must bypass the Technical Officials
Supervisor to communicate with the Bracket Keepers.

30
 TABLE OFFICIAL OBJECTIVES

INDIVIDUAL

. To be fair to all contestants.

. To promote an attentive, cooperativeattitudetowards all contestantsand referees.
. To promote a good and cooperativeattitudewith the other members of the Table Officials
team.
. To strive for excellencein the performanceof one's duties.
. To followthe guidelinesset forthin thismanual.
. To be punctualfor all briefingsand assignments.

TEAM

. To run a fair and unbiased table.

. To assure that no recording errors are made on the scoreboard.
. To assure no timing errors are made.
. To establishand maintain a standardof excellence.
. To work with the otherTable OfficialTeam members contributingto a cohesive,attentive,and
rewardingrelationship.
. To work with the referee andjudges contributingto a cohesive,attentive,and rewarding
relationship.

TABLE TEAM ORGANIZATION

The entire table team reports to the Mat Supervisor, who reports to the Technical Officials
Supervisor and the Systems Manager. The Mat supervisor is also the go-between for the
table workers and the referees.

The Number Turner and Assist. Bracket Keeper or Texas Match Recorder report to the Bracket
Keeper. The Bracket Keeper is in communication with the Mat Supervisor, but reports directly to the
Technical Officials Supervisor or the Systems Manager.

The Timers and Scorer report directly to the Mat Supervisor.

MAT SUPERVISOR

The Mat Supervisor over-sees the table workers and helps as needed. S/he should know how to do all
jobs at the tables. Most importantly, this person will assist as needed to ensure that the correct score is
recorded and the correct time is being used. The Mat Supervisor will communicate with the referees
when necessary on behalf of the table workers. S/he will assist in crowd control around the table and

31
ensure that all is run correctly and efficiently. The Mat Supervisor reports directly to the Tech. Off.
Supervisor, but may also be reporting to the Chief Referee as National Referees are the ideal persons
for this job. The Mat Supervisor also directs the mat crew when repairs to the mat area are needed.

CONTEST TIMEKEEPER

Function:
. To keep accurate time for each contest.
. To start the clock on the referee's commandof "Hajime" and ''yoshi''.
. To stop the clock on the referee's commands of "Matte", "Sonomama", and "Soremade".
. To indicatethe end of contesttime by soundingthe audibledeviceor throwingin the beanbag.

OSAEKOMI (HOLD DOWN) TIMEKEEPER

Function:
.. To keep accurate osaekomi time for each osaekomi.
To start the clock on the referee's command of"Osaekomi".
. To stop the clock on the referee's command of "toketa", "Matte", "Sonomama", and
"Soremade".
. To sound the audible device or throw in the beanbag at 25 (or 20) seconds.
. To indicate the partial hold downswith the osaekomiscore paddles.

SCORER

Function:
. To record the correct scores for the correct contestants.
. To record the correct penalties and their equivalentscores.
. To record all medical examinationsindicatedby the referee.

PARTIAL OSAEKOMI SCORE TIME FRAMES

Attack (Kinsa) ==> 1- 9.9 seconds

Koka ==> 10- 14.9seconds
Yuko ==> 15- 19.9seconds
Waza-ari ==> 20 - 24.9 seconds
Ippon ==> 25.0seconds

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 DEFINITIONS

TABLE OFFICIALS
(Technical Assistants)

Any person that works at the tables of a Judo competition is a Table Official.

CONTEST TIMEKEEPER
(Match Time Keeper or Overall Time Keeper)

The person who keeps track of the overall contest time.

OSAEKOMI TIMEKEEPER
(Hold Down Timekeeper)

The person who keeps track of the Osaekomi time.

SCORER
(Scoreboard Operator)
The person who operates the Scoreboard

BRACKET KEEPER
(Match Keeper)

The person who administrates the Match or Bracket sheets, calling on-deck contestants, taking the
names of winners and losers and advancing them on the bracket sheet to their next contest. The
Bracket Keeper records the progress of the division on the bracket sheets (or match sheets) provided
by the Systems Manager. The Bracket Keeper must completely understand the system being used at
the event. Experience is preferred at most events. Experience is required at national and international
events. Other duties include: assuring the proper contestants are on the mat, managing athlete calls &
staging, obtaining appropriate signatures of withdrawing athletes, advising match timers of appropriate
time changes, timing any rest time needed for the athlete, assuring that the Texas Match cards are
correctly filled out, having late athletes paged, and managing the assistants assigned to the area. The
Bracket Keeper reports to both the Technical Officials Supervisor and the Systems Manager. The
Bracket Keeper must keep the brackets in direct control at all times while developing a system to allow
coaches and athletes to observe as needed. While the Bracket Keeper may delegate duties to the
Assistants, s/he is
directly responsible for the integrity of the bracket sheets. At the finish of a division, after legibly
recording the progress of the division, the Bracket Keeper will initial or sign the bottom of the bracket
sheet. Sample bracket sheets are included at the end of this handbook.

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 SYSTEMS MANAGER
(Chief Scorer)

The person who prepares the Match sheets and places the byes. They also conduct the draw. They
also set up the Texas Match System if it is being used and also rectify any errors made on the brackets.

ON DECK CONTROLLER/ATHLETE STAGING

At some international events (The Olympics is an example) there is a staging area where athletes are
prepared for approaching the mat. The gi control is done in this area and the athletes are escorted
formally to their mat area by official escorts. At most events in the U.S., athletes are prepared at mat
side and report to the Bracket Keeper and Assistants. Gi control is done at mat side by the referees.
The Bracket Keeper Assistantffexas Match Recorder and Texas Match Number Tumer are
responsible for the staging under instruction from the Bracket Keeper.

SCOREBOARD
(Koka Board)

The board or device used to show points earned and the penalties assessed during a contest.

TEXAS MATCH RECORDER

The Texas Match Recorder is also the Bracket Keeper Assistant. When the Texas Match System is
being used, it is necessary for the Bracket Keeper Assist. to keep the Texas Match Cards
up to date and in order and to make sure the cards are retrieved from the athlete and returned
to the athlete efficiently. The Texas Match Recorder may also be learning how to run brackets, so must
pay close attention to the Bracket Keepers job. This person may also be required to help turn the
Texas Match Numbers, retrieve blue and white sashes, field questions for the Bracket Keeper and help
with crowd control around the table.

CONTEST SHEET WRITER AND ASSISTANT

Contest sheets record the full scale of the match and all the scores and techniques used. It is valuable
for historical data and reference. The writer actually verbally speaks the technique used, by whom it
was used and the score resulting. The assistant records this information on
the contest sheet. These sheets are returned to the Systems Manager at the end of the day.
There may be one or more Contest Sheet Writing teams at each mat when this system is used.

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--

These teams are directly responsible to the Systems Manager. The Writers are generally people with a
great deal of Judo experience. The Assistants need only be able to properly and legibly record the
data. These teams will need to refer to the official Bracket Sheets during the event
to keep proper data recorded.

COMPUTER OPERATOR

The Computer Operator reports to the Systems Manager but usually is autonomous as well. S/he
usually conducts the draw on the computer at national and international events using the approved
tournament management procedures. The results are recorded onto the computer and results sheets
may be printed for distribution to coaches and officials. At some events, this distribution is going on all
day. At others it is done at the end of the day. The Computer Operator manages the office in absence
of the Systems Manager. Official documents and other materials as well as certificates are generated
by the Computer Operator. This is an extremely important position, even though it is somewhat
"behind the scenes". The Computer Operator must be experienced in computer work and understand
the general needs of a Judo event.

TECHNICAL OFFICIALS SUPERVISOR OR MANAGER

Supervises and assists all table workers, assigning jobs, organizing relief staff, and trouble-shooting all
the table positions.

MAT SUPERVISOR

Ensures that all procedures are followed correctly at the tables, troubleshoots as necessary at the
tables, maintains crowd control behind the tables, and acts as go-between for the table workers and the
referees.

MAT CREW

The mat crew begins its work before anyone but the Tournament Director. They are responsible for
setting up the tournament area and ensuring that the rnats are legal and safe. During the event, they
adjust the mats as needed to maintain safety for the athletes. Usually the referees call for mat crews as
needed and the Mat Supervisor directs the crew. There is usually a coordinator assigned to the Mat
Crew to keep them organized. At the end of the tournament, the mat crew will break down the
tournament site, clean mats as needed, and help return the mats to their proper places. At times, other
table workers may be called upon to help the mat crew during tournament time adjustments. This
usually happens when the mat crew is adjusting more than one mat area at a time.

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 - - - --

BRACKET SYSTEMS

Samples of bracket systems will be attached to this handbook. It is advised that in order to learn how
to run specific bracket systems, a person should begin as an assistant Bracket Keeper or Texas Match
Recorder. Studying the samples attached will also help. Different bracket systems are used at different
events, but the most encountered will be double elimination, modified double elimination, repechage and
round robin.

BRACKET SHEETS
(Match Sheets) (Contest System List)(Pool Sheets)

These are sheets where the names of the contestants are entered during the draw and this sheet shows
the order of contests and who should fight whom.

.. True (Straight)DoubleElimination
ModifiedDoubleElimination
.. SingleElimination
Round Robin
. Repechage
. Cross Repechage
. Double Repechage
. Double Cross Repechage
.. European Pool
Bad Point
. Good Point

ANNOUNCER

The announcer must be familiar with Judo terms and be able to correctly pronounce names of different
ethnic extraction. At international events, it helps for the Announcer to be at least bilingual.
Announcers are expected to have good speaking voices and good diction. The Announcer, in general,
is expected to stay at the head table through-out the day. Many different types of announcements may
be made, including, but not limited to, introductions, announcements of rules and policies,
announcements of mat assignments and athlete's names, announcements of division winners, reports of
activities or lost items throughout the event, and announcements for athletes late for their matches.

36
 ----

WEIGH -IN OFFICIALS

Weigh-in officials provide a technically accurate record of the events within their jurisdiction.
Weigh-in officials do not detennine the eligibility of any athlete. They simply record facts -
official weight, correct athlete, etc. Any disagreements or discussions regarding weigh-ins
should be referred to the Tournament Director, the delegated Official or the Chief Referee.
Weigh-in officials must be very professional and alert. If national referees are available to be weigh-in
officials, that is preferred, but the officials do not have to be referees. Weigh-in Officials report to
whomever is appointed by the Tournarnent Director as the chief weigh-in official.

Weigh-in officials must be the same sex as athletes being weighed. There should be a minimum of 2
officials in the weigh-in area and they must not leave the room during weigh-ins.

Official weights must be recorded on the record sheet provided or on weigh-in cards provided by the
tournament. THIS SHEET OR CARD MUST NEVER LEAVE THE CONTROL OF THE
OFFICIALS ONCE IT HAS OFFICIAL WEIGHT RECORDED.

Weigh-in Officials verify that the scale is zeroed out and that the correct weight format is being used
(pounds vs. kilograms). They will have in their possession a copy of the correct weigh-in
protocol being used for the event. This protocol will not leave the possession of the lead official until it
is handed back to the chief weigh in official. At the designated time, the Weigh-in Officials will declare
weigh-ins open. They will collect proper ill ftom the athletes as they approach the scale to assure they
have the correct person. They will follow weigh-in protocol for the event. They will then properly
record the official weight, return the athlete's ill and proceed to the next athlete.

At the end of weigh-in time or when the last athlete has weighed in , the Officials declare weigh-ins
closed. They collect the weigh-in record or cards and the protocol sheet and return these to the chief
weigh-in official.

There are two main weigh-in protocols which will be addressed later in this handbook. However, at
regional and local events, weigh-in protocols may be different as directed by the tournarnent officials.

ASSISTANTS

Various Assistants are required at Judo tournaments. Assistants are needed for office work.
Assistants are needed to help in weigh-ins. The Texas Match number changer is an assistant who
changes the numbers, handles the white and blue sashes, finds athletes, assists with crowd control
around the mat and sends athletes for gi control. Runners are ftequently needed to move information
ftom one area to another. All Assistants report to the manager of their area or the Technical Official
Supervisor. Their job will be explained by these managers.

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 DOPING CONTROL ESCORTS

At national and international events, drug testing is sometimes conducted. Escorts are needed to get the
atWetes named and bring them back to doping control. The escorts should be adults who can be polite
but finn with the atWetes. They can expect the athletes to either be extremely happy at winning or
extremely unhappy/angry at losing. Great tact is called for in this position.
These people must also be discreet, as the information contained in the athlete's form is personal and
private to the athlete. Sometimes patience is also called for as atWetes are not always ready
to go immediately to the doping control area. Escorts follow directions fTomthe doping control
committee, who are usually USOC representatives.

MAT CREW

Sets up mats, adjusts mats as needed during the tournament and cleans up mats at end.

FEEDER SYSTEM

A oroce?s of feedin!! contestants to the competition areas in a fast. efficient. and orderly manner without
. _1.- .J~__~_: __.

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-----

SELF QUIZ
(Answers at end of test.)

1. Name the three referee calls that can stop the contest clock?

2. Name the two calls that can start the contest clock?

3. Name the four calls that can stop the osaekomi clock?

4. Blue has been holdingWhite for 19 seconds.The four-minutecontesttime is about to run out. As the
Osaekomi timekeeperyou should:
a. Stop the clock and signalkoka with the paddle.
b. Call "Matte" then hold up the Yuko paddle.
c. Keep the clock runningand soundthe audible device(or throw in the bean bag)
d. Continuetiminguntil the hold down time is reached(Waza-arior ippon)or the referee
calls one of the stop commands

5. In the case above, you are the contesttimekeeper.You should:

a. Sound the audible device as soon as time runs out.
b. Add enough time to the clock to exceed the osaekomitime required
c. Stop the clock at zero, (or very near), and wait for "toketa" or "matte" then sound the
audible deviceor throw in the bean bag.
d. Wait until ippon or Waza-ariAwaseteippon is called,then sound the audible device or
throw in the beanbag.

6. Which is correctwith the contestclock running and a hold down in progress?

a. The yellow flag is up and the greenflag is down.
b. The yellowflag is down and the blue flag is up.
c. The blue flag is up and the yellowflag is up.
d. The greenflag is up and the yellowflagis down.

7. Blue has koka and yuko and Shido.White has a koka and a Waza-ari. Blue -commitsa chui.
The score after the penalty will be:
a. Blue koka and yuko and Shido and White scored a yuko and Waza- ari
b. Blue has 2 yuko and chui, White has yuko and waza-ari.
c. Blue has koka, yuko and chui, Whitehas yuko and Waza-ari.
d. Blue has koka, yuko, and chui, White has koka, yuko and Waza-ari.

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-- - --- - ---

8. The referee scores koka for a throw and the twojudge's signal a yuko. You as Scorer should:
a. Wait for the refereeto do a change call ITomkoka to yuko before changingthe
scoreboard
b. Change the score as soon as you see the two judges are in agreement,since the
"majorityof threerule" applies.
c. Get the attentionof one of thejudges and point to the scoreboardand change it when
the judge nods his head
d. Put up the yuko and when the referee does the wave off, take off the koka.

9. The contest clock is reset as soon as the referee calls "Soremade".

a. True b. False

10. You, as Scorer, feel you accidentallyput the score up for the wrong player. No one notices
a. If the right player wins, let it go so you won't look bad.
b. Catch the comer judges attentionand point to the board.
c. Wave at the refereeto get their attention.
d. VerifYyour feelingswith the team beforedoinganything.

ANSWERS TO THE SELF QUIZ

1. Matte, Soremade, Sonomama

2. Hajime,Yoshi
3. Toketa, Matte, Sonomama, Soremade
4. D
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. B

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