1/27/2017 ButaneWikipedia

Butane
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Butane(/bjuten/)isanorganiccompoundwiththeformula Butane
C4H10thatisanalkanewithfourcarbonatoms.Butaneisagas
atroomtemperatureandatmosphericpressure.Thetermmay
refertoeitheroftwostructuralisomers,nbutaneorisobutane
(alsocalled"methylpropane"),ortoamixtureoftheseisomers.
IntheIUPACnomenclature,however,"butane"refersonlyto
thenbutaneisomer(whichistheisomerwiththeunbranched
structure).Butanesarehighlyflammable,colorless,easily
liquefiedgases.Thenamebutanecomesfromtherootsbut
(frombutyricacid,namedaftertheGreekwordforbutter)and Names
ane.
PreferredIUPACname
Butane[3]
SystematicIUPACname
Contents
Tetracarbane(neverrecommended[3])
1 Isomers Othernames
2 Reactions Butylhydride[1]
3 Uses
Methylethylmethane[1]
4 Effectsandhealthissues
5 Seealso Quartane[2]
6 References Identifiers
7 Externallinks
CASNumber 106978(http://www.common
chemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.a
spx?ref=106978)
Isomers
3Dmodel(Jmol) Interactiveimage(http://chema
pps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?m
normalbutane
isobutane odel=CCCC)
Commonname unbranchedbutane
ibutane
nbutane BeilsteinReference 969129
IUPACname butane 2methylpropane ChEBI CHEBI:37808(https://www.eb
i.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebi
Id=37808)
Molecular
ChEMBL ChEMBL134702(https://www.
diagram
ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/c
ompound/inspect/ChEMBL134
702)
Skeletal ChemSpider 7555(http://www.chemspider.c
diagram om/ChemicalStructure.7555.ht
ml)
ECHAInfoCard 100.003.136(https://echa.europ
RotationaboutthecentralCCbondproducestwodifferent a.eu/substanceinformation//su
conformations(transandgauche)fornbutane.[6] bstanceinfo/100.003.136)
ECNumber 2034487
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butane 1/5
1/27/2017 ButaneWikipedia

Reactions Enumber E943a(glazingagents,...)

GmelinReference 1148
Whenoxygenis KEGG D03186(http://www.kegg.jp/en
plentiful,butaneburnsto try/D03186)
formcarbondioxideand
watervaporwhen MeSH butane(https://www.nlm.nih.go
oxygenislimited, v/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?mode
carbon(soot)orcarbon =&term=butane)
monoxidemayalsobe PubChem 7843(https://pubchem.ncbi.nl
formed. m.nih.gov/compound/7843)

Whenthereissufficient Spectrumoftheblueflamefroma RTECSnumber EJ4200000

oxygen: butanetorchshowingCHmolecular UNII 6LV4FOR43R(http://fdasis.nl
radicalbandemissionandC2Swan m.nih.gov/srs/srsdirect.jsp?regn
2C4H10+13O2
bands o=6LV4FOR43R)
8CO2+10
UNnumber 1011
H2O
InChI
Whenoxygenislimited: SMILES
Properties
2C4H10+9O28CO+10H2O
Chemicalformula C4H10
Themaximumadiabaticflametemperatureofbutanewithairis Molarmass 58.12gmol1
2,243K(1,970C3,578F).
Appearance Colorlessgas
nButaneisthefeedstockforDuPont'scatalyticprocessforthe Odor Gasolinelikeornaturalgas
preparationofmaleicanhydride:
like[1]
2CH3CH2CH2CH3+7O22C2H2(CO)2O+8H2O Density 2.48kg/m3(at15C(59F))
Meltingpoint 140to134C220to
nButane,likeallhydrocarbons,undergoesfreeradical
209F133to139K
chlorinationprovidingboth1chloroand2chlorobutanes,as
wellasmorehighlychlorinatedderivatives.Therelativeratesof Boilingpoint 1to1C30to34F272to
thechlorinationispartiallyexplainedbythedifferingbond 274K
dissociationenergies,425and411kJ/molforthetwotypesof Solubilityinwater 61mgL1(at20C(68F))
CHbonds.
logP 2.745
Vaporpressure
Uses ~170kPaat283K [4]
Henry'slaw 11nmolPa1kg1
constant(kH)
Normalbutanecanbeusedforgasolineblending,asafuelgas,
eitheraloneorinamixturewithpropane,andasafeedstockfor Magnetic 57.4106cm3/mol
themanufactureofethyleneandbutadiene,akeyingredientof susceptibility()
syntheticrubber.Isobutaneisprimarilyusedbyrefineriesto Thermochemistry
enhance(increase)theoctanenumberofmotor Specific 98.49JK1mol1
gasoline.[7][8][9][10] heatcapacity(C)
Stdenthalpyof 126.3124.9kJmol1
Whenblendedwithpropaneandotherhydrocarbons,itmaybe o
formation(fH 298)
referredtocommerciallyasLPG,forliquefiedpetroleumgas.It
Stdenthalpyof 2.87812.8769MJmol1
isusedasapetrolcomponent,asafeedstockfortheproduction combustion
(cHo298)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butane 2/5