PRACTICAL PROBLEMS

& EXPERIENCES
HAND & MACHINE
TOOLS

LORENZO RAY NAZ TANAEL

Hand & Machine Tools

1. Pipe Wrenches
2. Pipe Cutting Tools
3. Pipe Reamer
4. Pipe Threader
5. Removing stoppage of drains
 WRENCH
A tool used to provide and mechanical advantage in
applying torque to turn objects usually rotary fasteners,
such as nuts and bolts or keep them from turning.

TWO TYPES:
1. Fixed Wrenches
2. Adjustable Wrenches
MOST COMMON SHAPES:
1. ring spanner/ box end wrench
2. open-ended spanner and
 BOX END WRENCH/ RING SPANNER

A wrench with a closed loop ( a socket) that fits over a nut or

bolt head.
 COMBINATION WRENCH

A double-ended tool with one being like an open-end

wrench or open-ended spanner, and other end being like a
box-end wrench or ring spanner.
FLARE NUT WRENCH / CROWS FOOT SPANNER

Used for gripping the nuts on the ends of tubes.

ADJUSTABLE WRENCH
PIPE WRENCH
 END PIPE WRENCH

Has a head at a bit of angle and is designed to be used on pipes

close to wall or parallel work.
 OFFSET PIPE WRENCH

It has a jaw opening parallel to the handle and a narrower hook

jaw head. Provides easy entry into tight spots.
 MONKEY WRENCH

An old type of adjustable wrench with a straight handle and

smooth jaws whose gripping faces are perpendicular to the
handle.
 TORQUE WRENCH

Used to precisely apply a specific torque to a fastener such as nut

or bolt.
It is used where the tightness of screws and bolts is crucial.
 INTERNAL WRENCH

Used to install or extract nipples

Jaws expand by eccentric action and are reversible for various sizes
 HEX JAW WRENCH

Hex jaw gives multi-sided, secure grip on all hex nuts, square nuts,
unions and valve packing nuts.
The extra wide opening offset is ideal for securing drain nuts on
sinks and tubs.
 ALLEN WRENCH

Used to turn screw or bolt heads designed with a hexagonal

socket to receive wrench.
 VALVE SEAT TOOL

A hand tool for removing the valve seat, by inserting the valve
seat wrench into the faucet body and turn counterclockwise.
CLOSET WRENCH
 BASIN WRENCH

A self tightening wrench mounted at the end of a shaft with a

transverse handle at the opposite end.
 COMPOUND LEVERAGE WRENCH

Multiplies the turning force applied to a pipe. Ideal for freeing

locked couplings and joints frozen by age or damage.
 CHAIN WRENCH / CHAIN TONG

Designed to eliminate the crushing effect on pipe and tool joints.

 STRAP WRENCH

A wrench that grip an object via a strap being pulled in tension

around it until it firmly grips.
Hand & Machine Tools

1. Pipe Wrenches
2. Pipe Cutting Tools
3. Pipe Reamer
4. Pipe Threader
5. Removing stoppage of drains
 CUTTING MACHINE TOOLS
PIPE CUTTER

HACKSAW
WHEEL PIPE CUTTER
RATCHET PIPE CUTTER
 HACKSAW
-a fine-toothed saw, originally and principally for cutting metal. They can
also cut various other materials, such as plastic and wood.
 HACKSAW
a fine-toothed saw, originally and principally for cutting metal. They can
also cut various other materials, such as plastic and wood.
 CUTTING THE PIPE

Cut the pipe on the measured mark. Step 2

Make the cut as squarely as possible to simplify threading the pipe when
joining.
 WHEEL PIPE CUTTER

-A hand tool for cutting pipe or tubing, consisting of a frame with a

cutting wheel and drive wheels. Cutting is accomplished by
forcing the cutting wheel into the pipe material and rotating the
tool around the pipe.
SMALL DIAMETER PIPE CUTTER
SMALL QUICK OPENING TUBE CUTTER
LARGE QUICK OPENING TUBE CUTTER
WIDE ROLL PIPE CUTTER
HINGED PIPE CUTTER
 RATCHET PIPE CUTTER

A ratchet pipe cutter is essentially a single-handed pipe cutter with a ratchet

handle permanently attached.
RATCHET CUTTER
Hand & Machine Tools

1. Pipe Wrenches
2. Pipe Cutting Tools
3. Pipe Reamer
4. Pipe Threader
5. Removing stoppage of drains
 REAMING TOOLS
PIPE REAMER

-Is a type of rotary cutting tool used in metalworking. Designed to

enlarge the size of a previously formed hole by a small amount but
with a high degree of accuracy to leave smooth sides.
REAMING TOOLS
PIPE REAMER
 RATCHET PIPE REAMER

Removes the internal burrs of a pipe that had resulted from cutting.
Applicable on plastic and other thin walled pipe or tubing.
Hand & Machine Tools

1. Pipe Wrenches
2. Pipe Cutting Tools
3. Pipe Reamer
4. Pipe Threader
5. Removing stoppage of drains
THREADING TOOLS
PIPE THREADER
 PIPE THREADING

1. Slide cutting die over end
of pipe to be threaded
and apply light pressure
with the heel of your
hand.
2. Start die with short strokes of the
ratchet handle.
Be sure the die is going on
the pipe squarely.
 PIPE THREADING

3. After a full turn of the die, apply 4.After two more turns on the
another coat of cutting oil. die, back off one turn and apply
a coat of cutting oil.
 PIPE THREADING

5. Reverse ratchet by pulling ratchet control knob

from detent and turning it 180 degrees. Then back up the cutting die.
PIPE TAP
Hand & Machine Tools

1. Pipe Wrenches
2. Pipe Cutting Tools
3. Pipe Reamer
4. Pipe Threader
5. Removing stoppage of drains
PIPE / DRAIN AND INSPECTION EQUIPMENT
 DROP HEAD AUGER

- cleaning back to back mounted fixtures. (sinks, where cable needs

to be led down the pipe.

- Ideal for particularly tight pipe bends, branches and small diameter
drain downpipes
DROP HEAD AUGER
 STRAIGHT AUGER

- exploring and breaking up stoppages or returning sample to

surface to determine correct tool.

- For piercing or drilling through obstructions caused by

textiles, paper, cellulose materials, kitchen refuse, etc.
STRAIGHT AUGER
 FUNNEL AUGER

- use as second tool in line

- breaks up remains of stoppage left by straight auger

- removing or opening up obstructions caused by textiles or

paper.

- has large grasping ability can also be used to retrieve spirals

from drains
FUNNEL AUGER
 HOOK AUGER

-For heavy and dense root stoppages in pipes that

require hooking and breaking up.
 RETRIEVING AUGER

- searching of cable which is broken or lost in line.

- Special tool designed with a claw for retrieving textiles,

tools, spirals, etc
 FLUE BRUSH

- used in finish cleaning in boilers and heat exchangers.

- ideal for removing soot and carbon deposits from pipes
- cleaning tube sheets.
 SPADE CUTTER

- following up after auger and to open up floor drains.

- Curved special tool for silt and sludge deposits
 GREASE CUTTER

- For lines which have become badly greased with detergents

- Standard tool for removing grease and other soft deposits,

e.g. soap accumulations
 SHARK TOOTH CUTTER

For use in cleaning pipes of general material clinging to pipe walls.

 CHAIN KNOCKER

- For use when rigorous action is required (cleaning scale in pipes and
boiler tubes)
 SPIRAL BAR CUTTER

For main sewers blocked by roots, leaf debris, sticks, sawdust, cloth, sacking
TUBE BENDER
 SPRING BENDER

Allows hand bending such as soft copper and aluminum tubing.

End is beveled for quick tube removal.
It can bend 6mm to 22 mm O.D. tubing.
LEVER TYPE BENDER
GEARED RATCHET TYPE BENDER
PIPE VISE
BENCH CHAIN VISE
 OTHER PLUMBING TOOLS

DRAIN CLEANERS

- These are tools used to clean, declog

obstruction and maintain the efficient function of
piping system.
 CLOSET AUGER

A drain clearing tool designed specifically for use with toilet. Designed to clear
the toilet trough to the drain pipe under or behind the toilet.
 HAND SPINNER

Is a flexible cable that is coiled inside a canister with a self feeding auger
bit on the end.
 FLAT SEWER TAPE

It is a coil of semi rigid flat steel with a ball or plug on the end. It is used by
pushing its length through the blocked sewer line, pushing and breaking
up the stoppage.