Figure 3.

Rough outline of the principal chemical reactions and reaction

products formed by different types of binders.

Increase in strength with time in soils stabilised

with different types of binder in relation to the
type and amount of reaction products
hnberg, H. Swedish Geotechnical Institute
Johansson, S.-E. Cementa AB

For design of deep mixing, the strength of different mixtures of soils and
binders is normally investigated at various time intervals after mixing.
However, limited design time often leads to tests being performed on
only one or two occasions. The full strength development is thus not
usually determined or taken into account. The variation in strength
increase when using different types of binder has been studied for three
stabilised soils up to two years after mixing in the laboratory.
The study shows that there can be a considerable increase in strength
also long after mixing. The results provide increased insight into the
effect of different binders on the increase in strength of stabilised soils.

Conclusions
Strength tests have been performed on samples consisting of different Figure 2.
types of binder mixed into three types of soil, giving increased insight Compressive strength measured at 7, 91 and 364
into the effect of the different binders on the increase in strength with days relative to the strength at 28-day vs type of binder.
time in stabilised soils.
The use of cement, lime, slag and fly ash may give varying increase Financial support for this study was provided by
in strength with time in stabilised soils depending on the the Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI) and the
Swedish Deep Stabilization Research Centre (SD).
combination of binders chosen.
The increase in strength was found to be roughly related to the type
and quantity of possible reaction products.
Further information,
Substantial long-term increases in strength were observed for please contact
several of the binder combinations. Helen hnberg, SGI,
tel +46 13 20 18 57
The results of this study highlight the importance of taking into account helen.ahnberg@swedgeo.se
a time factor in estimating the strength of stabilised soils in design.