Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Terminology
Khewat Number
The Khewat number normally referred as 'KHATA NUMBER' by revenue officials is the
account number given to owner(s) which form a set of co-sharers who own the land in
same or different proportions. It therefore, can be understood as the account number
given to various owners in the Khewat. The Khewat number in the Jamabandi runs
sequentially starting from 1 to N.
The Khewat Number may get changed in the next Jamabandi due to rearrangements
i.e. same owners who were owners in some Khewat earlier may get another Khewat
number in next Jamabandi. To clarify the things further, let us assume that there are
10 Khewats in a village and owners A, B & C were earlier in ownership of the Khewat 5
and did some transactions to a person say X who may be an owner in this village
already or may appear in the Shajra and Jamabandi of the village due to this
transaction for the first time. Now due to mutation(s), it may be the case that owners
in Khewat number 5 sold complete land to X. If complete Khewat is sold and owner 'X'
already exists in the village, then all the land will shift to Khewat that belongs to X. In
case owner 'X' is a new owner and was not there in the Jamabandi earlier, then during
mutation entry Khewat number 5 will cease to exist and instead Khewat number 5/1
will be given to 'X'. During final rearrangement / sequencing of Khewat number, then
it may be the case that depending upon the caste/sub-caste of the Owner 'X' now
Khewat number 5/1 (Khewat created from 5) may get another number.
The arrangement, which has been shown above is a simple one for the purpose of
understanding but in real situations it may be more complicated one depending upon
the nature and type of mutations taking place in the village.
You may say if above is the case then what is the way to know the Khewat of owners
in the previous Jamabandi. This can be known with the help of Khewat number
written with red ink (in computerized print it is shown as underlined) beneath the
current Khewat number. In case you see Khewat number 6 (in blank ink) and beneath
that Khewat a number say 5 is written in red-ink, then you can simply assume that
present owners of Khewat number 6 in the current Jamabandi were owners in Khewat
number 5 in the previous Jamabandi.
Above is true in case of khatoni number also. But for denominator of Khasra, there is
specific meaning and it has been explained in the section 2.4 Khasra Number.
Khatoni Number
The Khatoni number if in one sense shows the cultivators then in another sense will
show who are the persons who have the possession of the Khatoni consisting of various
Khasras in the Khewat. In still another sense it also shows who are the persons who
are owners of various khasras in the khatoni. In the same way as in case of Khewat
where owner may sell, gift or mortgage, same type of transaction also takes place in
the Khatoni also. Before the things start confusing you, the example shown below
would help you to understand this issue.
Say, A, B & C are owners in Khewat number 5 and this Khewat has three Khatonies
number 5, 6 and 7. In Khatoni number 5, it is written 'Kast Va Kabza Swayam' and has
got three khasras. Then this means that these three khasra are collectively possessed
and cultivated by all the three owners mentioned in Col.4 i.e. Owners Details of
Jamabandi. In the next khatoni i.e. Khatoni number 6 which say has one khasra and it
is written 'A, B, C Hissadar Baya X Mustari Kast Va Kabza Swayam Mustari'. This
description means that the Khasra in the khatoni number 6 has been sold by all the
three owners collectively i.e. A, B & C to X who is the owner in 'Khana Kast'. This is
because of the fact that owners A, B and C have sold a particular khasra number to X
and X will be shown in khatoni number 6 as buyer and possession is also with X i.e. the
purchaser. The purchaser will not get any Khewat number for the reason that khasra
sold was earlier under the possession with all the three owners. Purchaser X will get
another Khewat only when this Khewat number gets divided and shares are worked
out based upon the area owned by each owner.
As explained under section 2.2, that in the manually written Jamabandi, sometimes a
bata (denominator) is added to show the Khewat inserted in between. It is also true in
case of Khatoni.
Khasra Number
The Khasra number is nothing but a plot number given to a specific piece of land in
the village. Same way as one or more Khatonies form a Khewat, similarly one or more
Khasra form a khatoni. The Khasra numbers in a khatoni may or may not be mentioned
sequentially and once a khasra number has appeared in a khatoni, it can not figure in
another Khatoni except in the case if the Khasra is 'Min'. But if it is min then it can not
repeat in the same Khatoni.
The Khasra numbers in a village are created once settlement of village starts. The
settlement officials take village as a whole and on its map start from North East and
give number to each and every plot in each direction and reach to North East
direction again after giving number to each plot in all the directions.
Khasra number may get divided due to sale, gift etc. during the mutation and is given
a new number with denominator. For example, because of mutation, Khasra number
100 is divided into two parts then during mutation two divisions of this khasra i.e.
100/1 and 100/2 will be created and transaction takes place. Once all the mutations
have taken place the rearrangement of Khasra i.e. numbering is done by Patwari. How
this renumbering/rearrangement is done is explained below:
Say in the village only 499 Khasras were there in the previous Jamabandi and two new
khasra divisions i.e. 100/1 and 100/2 were created due to mutation. During
reorganisation, Khasra number 100/1 will get number 500/100 and 100/2 will get
Khasra number 501/100 and khasra number 100 will cease to exists i.e. the last Khasra
number is incremented by one (that is 499 now become 500 and 501) and in the
denominator Khasra number out of which the Khasra is formed is attached. This will
be the case for all the Khasra divisions. New Khasra number generation takes into
account the principal of 'First-In First-Out (FIFO)' that is Khasra which got divided due
to mutation number 5 will have precedence in getting new number over the khasra
number which has been divided due to mutation number 10. To make the things
further clear, let us say that khasra 100 was divided due to mutation number 5 and
Khasra number 45 was divided into two parts (i.e. 45/1 and 45/2) due to mutation
number 10. Then once the mutations are over and rearrangement of Khasra is
undertaken, then new Khasra numbers are generated based upon the principal of
'FIFO'. Suppose last khasra in previous Jamabandi was 499 then new Khasra number
will be 500/100, 501/100 (for khasra number 100) and 502/45 and 503/45 (For Khasra
Number 45). So the example clarifies though the khasra number 45 is a number lesser
than Khasra number 100 yet Khasra numbers generated out of 45 due to mutation
number 10 will get next i.e. higher numbers.
Group Number
During the execution of this software, you will often encounter the term 'Group
Number' not visible in the Jamabandi anywhere but software making abundant use of
this term. The group number has been given to each owner who himself or along with
other owners owns a specific proportion of land in the Khewat or who have same
parentage. Group number will also refer to the owners in the different proportions
even if their parentage is same. During the writing of Khatoni description also,
sometimes group numbers are generated to show the groups of cultivators.
Mortgagee
In case an owner takes loan from some individual or an institution with the security of
his land then the deed is known as Mortgage deed and persons / institutions from
which loan is taken are known as mortgagee. If mortgage takes place from one persons
to another, then the mostly mortgage is with possession that is the mortgagee has the
possession of the piece of land mortgaged and in revenue terminology it is known as
RAHIN. If the mortgage takes place and loan is taken from some Government
Institution, then the mortgage is without possession and it is known as AD-RAHIN
Suppose A took loan from B and after mortgaging the land to B then B is known as
Mortgagee 'Awwal' if B further takes loan from 'C' after keeping the land mortgaged as
security, which he had taken from A. Then C will be known as Mortgagee 'Doyam'. If C
further mortgage the land taken from B to D then D will be referred as Mortgagee
'Soyam'.
Type of Holding
During the course of entering the khatoni details, there is a field known as 'Type
Holding'. The type of holding will be 'Individual' if the possession and ownership rests
with the same family. In case the holding is owned by more than one family then the
holding type will be 'Joint'. If both are not true for a holding then the holding type will
be Institutional'. This information is very important to understand and should be
entered carefully as in Agriculture Census the information is analysed based upon this
parameter.
Patti
In the British regime a village was divided into number of patties/sections based upon
the caste of the persons residing in that village. For example, Rajput used to dwell in
a separate location, Brahimn in other and 'Shudras' still in another location. These
locations were known as 'pattis'. But after the independence, this classification was
changed and at present refers to various cluster / hemlets in the village in which
villagers reside in groups irrespective of their caste.
Chak Tashkhish
This term refers to land classification in a broader sense. If it is 'Parvati' then it means
that the village falls in mountainous area. In case if it is known, as 'Changar' then it
means that in the area in which village falls, irrigation is totally rain-fed. There are
different land classifications based upon this land classification.
Conversion Factor
Conversion factor (ranges from 0.000 to 1.000) is specified to convert the local area
unit prevalent in the village to the Metric System i.e. mentioned in terms of Hectares-
Ares-Centares. When the local unit is multiplied with this conversion factor then the
area in Metric system can be obtained. The reports sent to Government of Pakistan
are firstly converted to the Metric system if local unit is different from the Metric
system.
If the local unit is Kanal-Marla then a kanal has 20 Marlas. If local unit is 'Bigha-Biswa-
Biswansi' then 20 Biswansi make up a Biswa and 20 Biswa make a Bigha. If local area
unit is 'Meters--Decimetres' (normally in the urban areas where khasra/plots are very
small) then 100 decimetre make up a meter. In case, the local unit is 'Hectare-Ares-
Centeres', then 100 centare (equal to a meter) form an Are and 100 are form a
Hectare. Therefore a hectare refers to 10000 metres of land.
Revenue Unit
On behalf of Govt., the Nambardar of a village collects land revenue and deposits the
revenue in the Treasury. This service rendered by the Nambardar is a paid one.
The rate of swai changes from time to time and at present it is 65% of total demand
that is if demand is Rs. 1/- then swai will be 0.65 paisa and total revenue to be
collected from the owner(s) will be Rs.1.65/-. Of this 65%, 30 is local rate and 35% is
Nambardari that is the amount given to the Nambardar for this service.
Alamat
This term will appear during the entry of Shajra Nasb. This normally connotes a
person's characteristic. If an owner has alamat as 'Bandobasti Kabiz / ^^cUnkscLrh
dkfct^^ then that means that the owner was also owner at the time of settlement. In
case alamat is 'Baap Dada Zinda Hai' / ^^cki nknk thfor gS^^ then it means that the
owner's father/grandfather are alive. These alamat details are to be entered correctly
as the processing & printing of Shajra Nasb depends upon this field information. For
example, even if an owners father and grandfather are not alive but entered as alive
then the box of the father and grand father will be depicted left to the owner's box
whereas if this alamat is not there and not filled then owner's box will be exactly
below the box of his father and father's box will be beneath the box of owner's grand
father.
Total Shares
In Column 4 of Jamabandi, in the very beginning, total shares are mentioned. These
shares are in proportion to the total area of the Khewat. For example if there 100
shares mentioned and total area of the Khewat is 1000 meters then that means each
share is worth 10 meters. (1000mts. / 100shares)
Further each group shares are mentioned which are in proportion to the total area of
the Khewat. For example there are three groups in the Khewat with respective shares
as 10, 30 and 50. If in first group there are 2 owners then each owner will have 10
shares each and owns 100 meters of land. If in next group also there are two owners
then each will own 15 share i.e. 150 meters of land each. In the third group there are
5 owners then each owns 10 shares which equivalent to 100 meters of land to each
owner. So the total land comes out to be 1000mts.
Lagan
In case the land is cultivated by other than the owner of the land, then the person
cultivating the land is liable to pay something either is cash or kind to the owner or
agreed based upon the mutual agreement between the two. The agreement between
two parties is known as 'Lagan'. Sometimes if there is sale deed in the Khatoni, then
the revenue will be mentioned in this column in that case.
Mazrua (Krisht)/Giar Mazrua (Akrisht)
In case the land of khasra is such that it is possible to cultivate it either through man-
made irrigation sources or through rainwater then land type is known as 'Mazrua'
otherwise it is known as 'Gair-Mazrua'.
Under the 'Gair-Mazrua' land classification one term is usually referred to, as 'Gair-
Mumkin' which specifies that anything constructed on it, is impossible to shift. For
example, if a house is constructed on a piece of land, then the classification of that
Khasra will be 'Gair-Mumkin Makan' as it is impossible to shift the same house
somewhere else.
The customary rights of the village are shown in a report known as 'Wajib_Ul_Arz'. The
attestation of these customary rights by the revenue officer in front of village and
signature of villagers to whom the customary rights information is read is known
Peshani.
Bartan
The TD rights or forestry rights of the villagers in revenue terminology are known as
Bartan.
Common Terminology
Documents
SHAJRA NASB
Prepared in every estate at the time of settlement, it forms a part of record of rights.
Shajra Nasb is a pedigree table showing succession to ownership rights occurring from
time to time in an estate. It is revised after every five years along with Jamabandi and
in the interval, changes occurring from time to time are reflected in the Patwari's
copy through suitable references.
The Shajra Nasb also serves as an index for locating an owners accounts (Khata
Numbers) in the Jamabandi. In the new Jamabandi owner's accounts are arranged as
per arrangement in the Shajra Nasb. The name of owner in the Shajra Nasb is arranged
according to caste and sub-caste.
JAMABANDI REGISTER
MUTATION REGISTER
All changes in title or interest are incorporated into the Jamabandi through
attestation of mutation. The Patwari enters the mutations on the basis of a
document/verbal information presented by the concerned parties for the change in
title/interest on land. This information is first entered into the Patwaris Diary
(Roznamcha Wakyati) giving serial no. And date and then into the mutation register
referencing the Roznamcha no. However, the final changes in the Jamabandi are
made only after the Revenue officer has attested the mutation. The mutation form
has 15 columns and every entry is given a Serial Number, which is called Mutation
Number. This Mutation Number runs continuously from one settlement to another for
each estate. The Mutation register is maintained by the Patwari and all entries are
made in duplicate. The Patwaris copy (PARAT PATWAR) contains the brief substance
of the Revenue Officers order, while the other copy (PARAT SARKAR) contains the
detailed order and is kept in the Tehsil in separate estate-wise bundles. Whenever a
mutation is entered, the Patwari makes a note in the remark column of the Jamabandi
in pencil giving the Mutation No. and type of mutation. When the mutation is attested,
he makes the entry in Red ink, giving Mutation No., type and date of attestation.
When the new Jamabandi is written, all the mutations accepted are attached to the
new Jamabandi for cross-reference and an index sheet linking the mutations to the
Khatas is placed in the Jamabandi.
KHASRA GIRDAWARI
FIELD MAP
A field map for every revenue village is prepared at the time of the Settlement. The
original map is called MUSAVI. Its updated version is called SHAJRA KISTWAR and
these are kept in safe custody in the Record Room. A wax copy called MOMI is
available in the Tehsil.
All changes in field boundaries occurring due to partition, sale etc. attested in
Mutation are entered from the Parat Sarkar Mutation onto the Momi. A copy on cloth
called LATHA is kept and updated by the Patwari.
Popularly known as "LAL KITAB" these are prepared at the time of settlement. The
kitab has valuable information regarding crops grown in the estate, soil classification,
area under different crops, land use, transfers in land, wells and other means of
irrigation in the village and abstract of the livestock and cattle census in the village.
The data is updated regularly through harvest inspections and revisions of other
records, which are the main source of the data to this kitab. These Lal Kitabs are
prepared at village, tehsil and district level and maintained in the Patwari Office,
Kanungo and Sadar Kanungo respectively.
WAJIB-UL-ARZ
In this customary rights of the villagers are maintained. This information is attached at
the end of the Misal Hakiyat(Permanent Settlement). In the subsequent Jamabandies
this information is not attached.
NAKSHA BARTAN
The forestry right popularly known as TD rights details is maintained in this document.
This too is the part of Misal Hakiyat(Permanent Settlement). In subsequent
Jamabandies, this information is not attached.
Copyright 2013 Hammad Nangiana All Rights Reserved.