You are on page 1of 12

PATWAR KHANA

Land Records Terminology

Lagan Patti Total Shares Mortgagee


Khewat Number Khatoni Number Khasra Group Number
Number
Chak Tashkhish Min & Salam Type of Holding Alamat
Professional Krisht/Akrisht Bartan Wajib_Ul_Arz &
Area Peshani
Conversion Revenue Unit Awaal / Doaym / Soyam
Factor
Land Revenue Collection Miscellanous

Land Records Documents

Shajra Nasb Jamabandi Register Mutation Register Field Map


Khasra Naksha Bartan Village Note Book Wajib-Ul-Arz
Girdawari

Terminology

Khewat Number

The Khewat number normally referred as 'KHATA NUMBER' by revenue officials is the
account number given to owner(s) which form a set of co-sharers who own the land in
same or different proportions. It therefore, can be understood as the account number
given to various owners in the Khewat. The Khewat number in the Jamabandi runs
sequentially starting from 1 to N.

The Khewat Number may get changed in the next Jamabandi due to rearrangements
i.e. same owners who were owners in some Khewat earlier may get another Khewat
number in next Jamabandi. To clarify the things further, let us assume that there are
10 Khewats in a village and owners A, B & C were earlier in ownership of the Khewat 5
and did some transactions to a person say X who may be an owner in this village
already or may appear in the Shajra and Jamabandi of the village due to this
transaction for the first time. Now due to mutation(s), it may be the case that owners
in Khewat number 5 sold complete land to X. If complete Khewat is sold and owner 'X'
already exists in the village, then all the land will shift to Khewat that belongs to X. In
case owner 'X' is a new owner and was not there in the Jamabandi earlier, then during
mutation entry Khewat number 5 will cease to exist and instead Khewat number 5/1
will be given to 'X'. During final rearrangement / sequencing of Khewat number, then
it may be the case that depending upon the caste/sub-caste of the Owner 'X' now
Khewat number 5/1 (Khewat created from 5) may get another number.
The arrangement, which has been shown above is a simple one for the purpose of
understanding but in real situations it may be more complicated one depending upon
the nature and type of mutations taking place in the village.

You may say if above is the case then what is the way to know the Khewat of owners
in the previous Jamabandi. This can be known with the help of Khewat number
written with red ink (in computerized print it is shown as underlined) beneath the
current Khewat number. In case you see Khewat number 6 (in blank ink) and beneath
that Khewat a number say 5 is written in red-ink, then you can simply assume that
present owners of Khewat number 6 in the current Jamabandi were owners in Khewat
number 5 in the previous Jamabandi.

Sometimes, a denominator is attached to a Khewat number also. This happens


because of the fact that during the writing of Jamabandi and arrangement of Khewat
numbers, a Khewat is left inadvertently and has to be inserted in between. For
example though there were 10 Khewats and Patwari tried wrote the details for 10
Khewat in sequence one after another but forgot to mention a Khewat in between.
Such Khewat if is to be inserted after Khewat 6 will be given number 6/1 or if is to be
inserted after 8 will be given number 8/1. Though this practice of writing Khewat
number is wrong but there is no immediate solution available. A facility has been
given to enter such Khewats also by giving additional field i.e. bata (denominator) for
such Khewat number. However, after the mutations, once a new Jamabandi is
prepared, such denominators will not be allowed.

Above is true in case of khatoni number also. But for denominator of Khasra, there is
specific meaning and it has been explained in the section 2.4 Khasra Number.

Khatoni Number

As Khewat number refers to a set of owners, khatoni number refers to a set of


cultivators in the same sense. This khatoni number is given to the cultivators in the
Khewat and runs sequentially in the village starting from 1 to N. Each Khewat will
have at least one khatoni or more khatonies but will appear in a sequence within the
Khewat and in the village.

The Khatoni number if in one sense shows the cultivators then in another sense will
show who are the persons who have the possession of the Khatoni consisting of various
Khasras in the Khewat. In still another sense it also shows who are the persons who
are owners of various khasras in the khatoni. In the same way as in case of Khewat
where owner may sell, gift or mortgage, same type of transaction also takes place in
the Khatoni also. Before the things start confusing you, the example shown below
would help you to understand this issue.

Say, A, B & C are owners in Khewat number 5 and this Khewat has three Khatonies
number 5, 6 and 7. In Khatoni number 5, it is written 'Kast Va Kabza Swayam' and has
got three khasras. Then this means that these three khasra are collectively possessed
and cultivated by all the three owners mentioned in Col.4 i.e. Owners Details of
Jamabandi. In the next khatoni i.e. Khatoni number 6 which say has one khasra and it
is written 'A, B, C Hissadar Baya X Mustari Kast Va Kabza Swayam Mustari'. This
description means that the Khasra in the khatoni number 6 has been sold by all the
three owners collectively i.e. A, B & C to X who is the owner in 'Khana Kast'. This is
because of the fact that owners A, B and C have sold a particular khasra number to X
and X will be shown in khatoni number 6 as buyer and possession is also with X i.e. the
purchaser. The purchaser will not get any Khewat number for the reason that khasra
sold was earlier under the possession with all the three owners. Purchaser X will get
another Khewat only when this Khewat number gets divided and shares are worked
out based upon the area owned by each owner.

Beneath the khatoni number, another number is written (underlined in computerised


print) in red ink in the manually written Jamabandi) which shows the Khatoni number
of current Khatoni in the previous Jamabandi. In the manually written Jamabandi this
number is not shown. But once the mutations take place through this software and
Khatonies are rearranged, then under each current Khatoni number, old Khatoni
number would be shown as underlined.

As explained under section 2.2, that in the manually written Jamabandi, sometimes a
bata (denominator) is added to show the Khewat inserted in between. It is also true in
case of Khatoni.

Khasra Number

The Khasra number is nothing but a plot number given to a specific piece of land in
the village. Same way as one or more Khatonies form a Khewat, similarly one or more
Khasra form a khatoni. The Khasra numbers in a khatoni may or may not be mentioned
sequentially and once a khasra number has appeared in a khatoni, it can not figure in
another Khatoni except in the case if the Khasra is 'Min'. But if it is min then it can not
repeat in the same Khatoni.

The Khasra numbers in a village are created once settlement of village starts. The
settlement officials take village as a whole and on its map start from North East and
give number to each and every plot in each direction and reach to North East
direction again after giving number to each plot in all the directions.

Khasra number may get divided due to sale, gift etc. during the mutation and is given
a new number with denominator. For example, because of mutation, Khasra number
100 is divided into two parts then during mutation two divisions of this khasra i.e.
100/1 and 100/2 will be created and transaction takes place. Once all the mutations
have taken place the rearrangement of Khasra i.e. numbering is done by Patwari. How
this renumbering/rearrangement is done is explained below:

Say in the village only 499 Khasras were there in the previous Jamabandi and two new
khasra divisions i.e. 100/1 and 100/2 were created due to mutation. During
reorganisation, Khasra number 100/1 will get number 500/100 and 100/2 will get
Khasra number 501/100 and khasra number 100 will cease to exists i.e. the last Khasra
number is incremented by one (that is 499 now become 500 and 501) and in the
denominator Khasra number out of which the Khasra is formed is attached. This will
be the case for all the Khasra divisions. New Khasra number generation takes into
account the principal of 'First-In First-Out (FIFO)' that is Khasra which got divided due
to mutation number 5 will have precedence in getting new number over the khasra
number which has been divided due to mutation number 10. To make the things
further clear, let us say that khasra 100 was divided due to mutation number 5 and
Khasra number 45 was divided into two parts (i.e. 45/1 and 45/2) due to mutation
number 10. Then once the mutations are over and rearrangement of Khasra is
undertaken, then new Khasra numbers are generated based upon the principal of
'FIFO'. Suppose last khasra in previous Jamabandi was 499 then new Khasra number
will be 500/100, 501/100 (for khasra number 100) and 502/45 and 503/45 (For Khasra
Number 45). So the example clarifies though the khasra number 45 is a number lesser
than Khasra number 100 yet Khasra numbers generated out of 45 due to mutation
number 10 will get next i.e. higher numbers.

Group Number

During the execution of this software, you will often encounter the term 'Group
Number' not visible in the Jamabandi anywhere but software making abundant use of
this term. The group number has been given to each owner who himself or along with
other owners owns a specific proportion of land in the Khewat or who have same
parentage. Group number will also refer to the owners in the different proportions
even if their parentage is same. During the writing of Khatoni description also,
sometimes group numbers are generated to show the groups of cultivators.

Min & Salam

In the course of the implementation of Land Records Computerisation software you


will often see the term Min/Saalam (feu / lkye) invariably. The 'Min' means partially
and 'Saalam' means completely. If min is mentioned against an old
Khewat/Khatoni/Khasra number then you can assume that the Khewat / khatoni /
khasra under consideration is carved / formed out of the old Khewat / Khatoni /
Khasra partially or transaction is taking place partially. 'Salam' word refers to the fact
that new Khewat / Khatoni / Khasra is formed out of the old Khewat / Khatoni /
Khasra when same was transacted completely. In case the Khewat / Khatoni / Khasra
is formed due to min transaction, then you will see 'Min' besides the Khewat / Khatoni
/ Khasra. In case nothing is mentioned then you can very well assume that the Khewat
/ khatoni / khasra is 'Salam', by default.

Mortgagee

In case an owner takes loan from some individual or an institution with the security of
his land then the deed is known as Mortgage deed and persons / institutions from
which loan is taken are known as mortgagee. If mortgage takes place from one persons
to another, then the mostly mortgage is with possession that is the mortgagee has the
possession of the piece of land mortgaged and in revenue terminology it is known as
RAHIN. If the mortgage takes place and loan is taken from some Government
Institution, then the mortgage is without possession and it is known as AD-RAHIN

Awaal / Doaym / Soyam

Suppose A took loan from B and after mortgaging the land to B then B is known as
Mortgagee 'Awwal' if B further takes loan from 'C' after keeping the land mortgaged as
security, which he had taken from A. Then C will be known as Mortgagee 'Doyam'. If C
further mortgage the land taken from B to D then D will be referred as Mortgagee
'Soyam'.

Type of Holding

During the course of entering the khatoni details, there is a field known as 'Type
Holding'. The type of holding will be 'Individual' if the possession and ownership rests
with the same family. In case the holding is owned by more than one family then the
holding type will be 'Joint'. If both are not true for a holding then the holding type will
be Institutional'. This information is very important to understand and should be
entered carefully as in Agriculture Census the information is analysed based upon this
parameter.

Patti

In the British regime a village was divided into number of patties/sections based upon
the caste of the persons residing in that village. For example, Rajput used to dwell in
a separate location, Brahimn in other and 'Shudras' still in another location. These
locations were known as 'pattis'. But after the independence, this classification was
changed and at present refers to various cluster / hemlets in the village in which
villagers reside in groups irrespective of their caste.

Chak Tashkhish

This term refers to land classification in a broader sense. If it is 'Parvati' then it means
that the village falls in mountainous area. In case if it is known, as 'Changar' then it
means that in the area in which village falls, irrigation is totally rain-fed. There are
different land classifications based upon this land classification.

Conversion Factor

Conversion factor (ranges from 0.000 to 1.000) is specified to convert the local area
unit prevalent in the village to the Metric System i.e. mentioned in terms of Hectares-
Ares-Centares. When the local unit is multiplied with this conversion factor then the
area in Metric system can be obtained. The reports sent to Government of Pakistan
are firstly converted to the Metric system if local unit is different from the Metric
system.

If the local unit is Kanal-Marla then a kanal has 20 Marlas. If local unit is 'Bigha-Biswa-
Biswansi' then 20 Biswansi make up a Biswa and 20 Biswa make a Bigha. If local area
unit is 'Meters--Decimetres' (normally in the urban areas where khasra/plots are very
small) then 100 decimetre make up a meter. In case, the local unit is 'Hectare-Ares-
Centeres', then 100 centare (equal to a meter) form an Are and 100 are form a
Hectare. Therefore a hectare refers to 10000 metres of land.

Revenue Unit

On behalf of Govt., the Nambardar of a village collects land revenue and deposits the
revenue in the Treasury. This service rendered by the Nambardar is a paid one.

The rate of swai changes from time to time and at present it is 65% of total demand
that is if demand is Rs. 1/- then swai will be 0.65 paisa and total revenue to be
collected from the owner(s) will be Rs.1.65/-. Of this 65%, 30 is local rate and 35% is
Nambardari that is the amount given to the Nambardar for this service.

Percentage Collection of Land Revenue


The land revenue collection is normally done twice a year by the Govt. through
Nambardar in such a way that land revenue collection is done half in Kharif and half in
Rabi season. But sometimes it is done in different percentage proportion say 60% in
Kharif and 40% in Rabi or as the villagers decide at the time of Permanent Settlement.

Professional Area of Village

The professional area of village is measured by the Survey of Pakistan organisation.


And in all the Agriculture Census reports this area figures are mentioned. It has been
observed that normally Patwari is not aware of professional area. If that is the case,
then actual area mentioned in the village may be entered against this field where ever
referred to.

Alamat

This term will appear during the entry of Shajra Nasb. This normally connotes a
person's characteristic. If an owner has alamat as 'Bandobasti Kabiz / ^^cUnkscLrh
dkfct^^ then that means that the owner was also owner at the time of settlement. In
case alamat is 'Baap Dada Zinda Hai' / ^^cki nknk thfor gS^^ then it means that the
owner's father/grandfather are alive. These alamat details are to be entered correctly
as the processing & printing of Shajra Nasb depends upon this field information. For
example, even if an owners father and grandfather are not alive but entered as alive
then the box of the father and grand father will be depicted left to the owner's box
whereas if this alamat is not there and not filled then owner's box will be exactly
below the box of his father and father's box will be beneath the box of owner's grand
father.

Total Shares

In Column 4 of Jamabandi, in the very beginning, total shares are mentioned. These
shares are in proportion to the total area of the Khewat. For example if there 100
shares mentioned and total area of the Khewat is 1000 meters then that means each
share is worth 10 meters. (1000mts. / 100shares)

Further each group shares are mentioned which are in proportion to the total area of
the Khewat. For example there are three groups in the Khewat with respective shares
as 10, 30 and 50. If in first group there are 2 owners then each owner will have 10
shares each and owns 100 meters of land. If in next group also there are two owners
then each will own 15 share i.e. 150 meters of land each. In the third group there are
5 owners then each owns 10 shares which equivalent to 100 meters of land to each
owner. So the total land comes out to be 1000mts.

Lagan

In case the land is cultivated by other than the owner of the land, then the person
cultivating the land is liable to pay something either is cash or kind to the owner or
agreed based upon the mutual agreement between the two. The agreement between
two parties is known as 'Lagan'. Sometimes if there is sale deed in the Khatoni, then
the revenue will be mentioned in this column in that case.
Mazrua (Krisht)/Giar Mazrua (Akrisht)

In case the land of khasra is such that it is possible to cultivate it either through man-
made irrigation sources or through rainwater then land type is known as 'Mazrua'
otherwise it is known as 'Gair-Mazrua'.

Under the 'Gair-Mazrua' land classification one term is usually referred to, as 'Gair-
Mumkin' which specifies that anything constructed on it, is impossible to shift. For
example, if a house is constructed on a piece of land, then the classification of that
Khasra will be 'Gair-Mumkin Makan' as it is impossible to shift the same house
somewhere else.

Wajib_Ul_Arz & Peshani

The customary rights of the village are shown in a report known as 'Wajib_Ul_Arz'. The
attestation of these customary rights by the revenue officer in front of village and
signature of villagers to whom the customary rights information is read is known
Peshani.

Bartan

The TD rights or forestry rights of the villagers in revenue terminology are known as
Bartan.

Common Terminology

Term Description of Term


Abadi Deh Site of village where predominantly people live.
Badastur Unaltered / Same As
Banjar Uncultivated land
Banjar Jadid New fellow (land not cultivated for continuous four
harvests though it was cultivated earlier.
Banjar Kadim Old fallow (If continued to be uncultivated for next four
harvests)
Barani Dependent on rainfall
Bigha A measure of area (It is different in different areas based
upon local Karam unit)
Biswa One twentieth of a bigha
Biswansi One twentieth of a biswa
Chahi Irrigated from well
Chahi Nahri Irrigated partly from a well and partly from canal.
Chkota Lump sum grain rent or rent consisting of a foxed amount
of grain in the Rabi and Kharif.
Gair-Mumkin A type of land on which existing arrangement are
difficult to move.
Girdawar Kanungo or Supervisor of Patwaris
Girdawari Harvest Inspection
Karam Unit of Length and varies from tehsil to tehsil and
district to district.
Kharaba Portion of crop that has failed to come due some
calamity
Kharif Autumn harvest
Khasra List of fields, field register
Khasra Girdawari Harvest Inspection Register
Khata Holding of tenant
Khatauni Holding slips prepared at re-measurement
Khewat A list of Owners holding
Khud Kashat Cultivated by the owner himself
Killabandi Rectangular measurement
Lamaberdar Village Headman
Latha Girdawari Cloth copy of the Patwaris Map
Marla Measuring of Area
Mauza Village
Min Portion / Part
Misal Haqiyat Record-of-Right prepared at the time of settlement.
Musavi Mapping Sheet
Nahri Irrigated from canal
Parat Patwar Patwari copy of the new settlement record
Parat Sarkar Government Copy of the new settlement record
Rabi Spring Harvest
Sabika Former
Taccavi Loan granted by a Government to landowner for
agriculture purposes.
Waris Successor
Wasil Baqi Nawis Revenue Accountant in the Tehsil
Zamindar Landowner
Varsal This type of Mutation is caused by either death or will of
a person. In case of death of a person in the family,
Patwari records the details regarding name of the person
who has died, date of death and entry number of
Chawkidar Register in his Roznamcha Waqaiti (Diary of
daily events). Land can also be transferred to the
successors i.e. sons, daughters, relative or any other
person even if the owner is alive by way of his will.
Bai Whenever a person sells his land either completely or
partially, to another person, this type of mutation is
know as Bai or Sale. The information recorded in this
case is Sale Deed No., date of Registry and amount of
Registration etc.
Tabdeel Malkiat: This type of mutation is carried out after the settlement
of dispute by some court. This is also know as degree by
court (Ba Hakumat Adalat). The information recorded in
this case includes Case Number, Date of starting of Case,
Date of Judgment, Name of the Court, Name of the
Judge, names of the persons who filed the Case, Names
of the persons on whom Case is filed & Judgment Details
etc.
Rahin (Mortgage Deed) Whenever a land is mortgaged, completely or partially,
to another person or party, mutation is of Rahin type.
The deal can be either verbal or through Registry. In this
case information like Date of Mortgage, Amount and
Registry No.(or Roznamcha No. in case the deal is
verbal). The land can be mortgaged with or without
possession.
Fak-Ul-Rahin This type of mutation is reverse process of Rahin.
(Redemption deed of Whenever a person who has mortgaged his land want to
Mortgage) get it back after paying dues to the mortgagee, the type
of mutation is called Fak-ul-Rahin. It can be of two sub
types. Verbal (through Roznamcha) or through

Registry. In case of verbal type, the details include type


of Mortgage Serial No. of Roznamcha Waqaiti amount of
Mortgage returned etc. In case of Registry, Deed No. is
also recorded in addition to the above information.
Tabadala Tabadla or mutation of exchange is the mutation, when
two owners decide to exchange their lands. It can Again
be either verbal (through Roznamcha Waqaiti) or through
Registry.The details recorded are similar as those in the
previous case i.e. either through Roznamcha Waqaiti
entry or through Registry.
Hibba (Gift): Whenever a part of complete land is gifted to some
person, the mutation is called Hibba or Gift. The details
of the person to whom land has been gifted are
recorded.
Pattanama Whenever a piece of land is given on lease for a long
period, the mutation is known as Pattanama.
Takseem
Whenever there is a division of land in a joint holding,
the mutation is known as Takseem or Mutation of
Partition. The partition can be verbal among the
landowners or when court directs the partition.

Documents

SHAJRA NASB

Prepared in every estate at the time of settlement, it forms a part of record of rights.
Shajra Nasb is a pedigree table showing succession to ownership rights occurring from
time to time in an estate. It is revised after every five years along with Jamabandi and
in the interval, changes occurring from time to time are reflected in the Patwari's
copy through suitable references.

The Shajra Nasb also serves as an index for locating an owners accounts (Khata
Numbers) in the Jamabandi. In the new Jamabandi owner's accounts are arranged as
per arrangement in the Shajra Nasb. The name of owner in the Shajra Nasb is arranged
according to caste and sub-caste.

JAMABANDI REGISTER

It is prepared quinquenially in duplicate for every estate on the basis of entries


existing and changes recorded on the Mutation Register, Khasra Girdawari Register and
Fard Badr over a period of 5 years. It is the document to which a presumption of truth
is attached. The form of the Jamabandi has 12 columns and gives Khewat / Khatoni
number-wise information of total holding of each owner of land in a particular
revenue estate. It also indicates cultivation, rent and revenue and other cesses
payable on land and constitutes an up to date record of various rights in land. The
new Jamabandi is prepared by the Patwari and is attested by the Revenue Office in a
public meeting of local villages. Two copies of the revised Jamabandi are prepared,
one copy is filed to the District Record Room and other copy remains with the Patwari.
All changes in title/interests of the revenue estate coming into the notice of Revenue
Authorities are duly reflected in the Jamabandi according to set procedures.

MUTATION REGISTER

All changes in title or interest are incorporated into the Jamabandi through
attestation of mutation. The Patwari enters the mutations on the basis of a
document/verbal information presented by the concerned parties for the change in
title/interest on land. This information is first entered into the Patwaris Diary
(Roznamcha Wakyati) giving serial no. And date and then into the mutation register
referencing the Roznamcha no. However, the final changes in the Jamabandi are
made only after the Revenue officer has attested the mutation. The mutation form
has 15 columns and every entry is given a Serial Number, which is called Mutation
Number. This Mutation Number runs continuously from one settlement to another for
each estate. The Mutation register is maintained by the Patwari and all entries are
made in duplicate. The Patwaris copy (PARAT PATWAR) contains the brief substance
of the Revenue Officers order, while the other copy (PARAT SARKAR) contains the
detailed order and is kept in the Tehsil in separate estate-wise bundles. Whenever a
mutation is entered, the Patwari makes a note in the remark column of the Jamabandi
in pencil giving the Mutation No. and type of mutation. When the mutation is attested,
he makes the entry in Red ink, giving Mutation No., type and date of attestation.

When the new Jamabandi is written, all the mutations accepted are attached to the
new Jamabandi for cross-reference and an index sheet linking the mutations to the
Khatas is placed in the Jamabandi.

KHASRA GIRDAWARI

It is a register of harvest inspections unlike the Jamabandi, which is Khewat-wise, the


Girdawari, is Khasra-wise. The Patwari conducts a field to field harvest inspections
every six months in the month of October and April. He records the plot-wise details
regarding crop grown, land description and status of the cultivator This register is
considered important as it acts as master file for the preparation of many returns and
reports. This document is retained in the custody of Patwari for the period of 12 years
after which it is retrieved from him and destroyed. No presumption of truth is
attached to this record though entries in it are often used as evidence in courts.
Changes in the tenancy however are made through mutations in view of Section 10-A
on the Tenancy Act.

FIELD MAP

A field map for every revenue village is prepared at the time of the Settlement. The
original map is called MUSAVI. Its updated version is called SHAJRA KISTWAR and
these are kept in safe custody in the Record Room. A wax copy called MOMI is
available in the Tehsil.

All changes in field boundaries occurring due to partition, sale etc. attested in
Mutation are entered from the Parat Sarkar Mutation onto the Momi. A copy on cloth
called LATHA is kept and updated by the Patwari.

VILLAGE NOTE BOOK

Popularly known as "LAL KITAB" these are prepared at the time of settlement. The
kitab has valuable information regarding crops grown in the estate, soil classification,
area under different crops, land use, transfers in land, wells and other means of
irrigation in the village and abstract of the livestock and cattle census in the village.
The data is updated regularly through harvest inspections and revisions of other
records, which are the main source of the data to this kitab. These Lal Kitabs are
prepared at village, tehsil and district level and maintained in the Patwari Office,
Kanungo and Sadar Kanungo respectively.

WAJIB-UL-ARZ

In this customary rights of the villagers are maintained. This information is attached at
the end of the Misal Hakiyat(Permanent Settlement). In the subsequent Jamabandies
this information is not attached.

NAKSHA BARTAN

The forestry right popularly known as TD rights details is maintained in this document.
This too is the part of Misal Hakiyat(Permanent Settlement). In subsequent
Jamabandies, this information is not attached.
Copyright 2013 Hammad Nangiana All Rights Reserved.

You might also like