fly Designation: E617 - 13 Standard Specification for Laboratory Weights and Precision Mass Standards" “This sandr ised under the Sed designation FIT; he number immotlyfalowing the designation fdses the year of “igi adgton on he case of eso. the yer of ls revision, Amber in parentheses ints he yer a epprva. A Super epon (odes an eit chage sine the lst revision be reapyoval. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers weights and mass standards used in laboratories, specifically classes 000, 00, 0, 1, 2,3. 4, 5, 6 and 7. This specification replaces National Bureau of Standards Circular 547, Section 1, which is out of print. 1.2 This specification contains the principal physical char- acteristics and metrological requirements for weights that are used, 1.2.1 For the verification of weighing instruments; 1.2.2 For the calibration of weights of a lower class of accuracy; and 1.2.3 With weighing instruments 1.3 Maximum Permissible Errors (formerly tolerances) and design restrictions for each class are described in order that both individual weights or sets of weights can be chosen for appropriate applications, 14 The values stated in ST units are to be regarded as standard, 1.5 Weight manufacturers must be able to provide evidence ‘hat all new weights comply with specifications inthis standard (e.g. material, density, magnetism, surface finish, mass values, uncertainties), Statements of compliance by calibration labo- ratories during subsequent calibrations must meet the require ments of ISO/IEC 17025, 5,10.4.2 and indicate on the calibra tion report which sections have or have not been assessed, 2. Referenced Documents 2.1. 180 Standards:? ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence (of Testing and Calibration Laboratories (2005) 2.2. NIST Standards:® NIST Handbook 1.43 State Weights and Measures Laborato- ries Program Handbook (2007) “his specication i Laborcoy Appar Weighing Devi. “Cate ton approvad Mey , 2013. Published Jy 2013. Original approved iw 97H Last provous eon sppeoved ia 2008 as ESI7~97 (200. DO! 14520006171, "avaiable fm Iteration! Orzaization for Stanarzation (ISO, ch de 1a VoeCree, CP 56, C1211 Geneva 20, Switzeon,hipNkome ™Avalable fxn National Isla of Standards apd Techtogy (ST), 100, ‘Buea De Sop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, upon ov der the jusuicton of ASTM Commitee EAL an the dict rexponsiy of Sebeommitee BAL. 2a NIST SP 811 Guide for the Use of the International System ‘of Unit (SI) 2008 Edition NIST SP 1038 The International System of Units (SD) ~ Conversion Factors for General Use (May 2006) NISTIR 5672. Advanced Mass Calibration and Measurement Assurance Program for State Calibration Laboratories (2012) NISTIR 6969 Selected Laboratory and Measurement Prac- tices to Support Basic Mass Calibrations (2012) NIST Technical Note 1297 (1994) Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results 23 OIML Standards:* OIML D 28 Conventional Value of the Result of Weighing in ‘Air (2004) OIML R11 1-1e04 Weights of classes El, E2, FI, F2, MI, ‘MI-2, M2, M2-3 and M3 Part 1: Metrological and ‘Technical Requirements (2004) 2.4 BIPM Standards: ‘VIM: JCGM 200:2012 International Vocabulary of Metrolo- gy-Basic and General Concepts and Associated Terms GUM: JCGM 100:2008 Evaluation of Measurement ata-Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measure- ment 2.5 EURAMET Standards: EURAMET/cg-IS/V. 3.0 Guidelines on the Calibration of Non-Automatic Weighing Incruments (2011) 26 Additional Reference Documents: CIPM-2007 Revised Formula for the Density of Moist Air, ‘A. Picard, R. S, Davis, M. Glaser, and K. Fuji 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.11 accuracy class of weights—a class of weights that meets certain metrological requirements intended to keep the errors within specified limits 3.1.2 balance—instument indicating apparent mass that is sensitive to the following forces: “ Avalabe fom OrgaistionIntemaonale de Metrologic Legale, 1 Ras ‘Tegt, 75009 Pa, Pence Coppin AST mara, 19a Hae Oh, Boe C700, Wet Cnshakan, PA 4282850, Ue SsMy E617 - 13 nemo Force dus to gravity Air bucyancy equ the eight of FevncaBoeg bode a Vora component ofthe magn Interacton betwesn the weigh nd fe balance or the anon bon. eeevl [Joeman H and M are vectors; zis the vertical cartesian coordinate. If magnetic effects are negligible, ie. the permanent magne- tization (M) of the weight and the magnetic susceptibility (3) ‘are sulficiently small, and the balance is calibrated with ref- ‘erence weights of well-known mass, the balance can be used to indicate the conventional mass, m,, of a body under con ventionally chosen conditions, 3.1.3 calibration (of weights)—the acts of determining the mass difference between a standard of known mass value and an “unknown” test weight or set of weights, establishing the ‘mass value and conventional mass value of the “unknown,” and of determining a quantitative estimate ofthe uncertainty to ‘be assigned to the stated! mass or conventional mass value of the “unknown.” or both, and providing metrological traceabil- ity to the “unknown.” 3.1.3.1 calibration (generally)—set of operations that establish, under specified conditions, the relationship between values of quantities indicated by a measuring instrument or ‘measuring system, or values represented by a material measure fora reference material, and the corresponding valves realized by standards. 3.14 calibration certificate—certficate issued by c tion laboratories to document the results of a calibration, 3.1.5 conventional mass—conventional valuc of the result of weighing in air in accordance to International Recommen- dation OIML D 28. For a weight teken at 20°C, the conven- tional mass is the mass of a reference weight of a density of 8000 kg/m? whieh it balances in air of density of 1.2 kg/m 3.1.6 correction—mass values are traditionally expressed by two numbers, one being the nominal mass of dhe weight, and the second being a corection, The mass of the weight isthe assigned nominal value plus the assigned correction. Positive corrections indicate that the weight embodies more mass than is indicated by the assigned nominal value. Negative corec- tions indicate that the weight embodies less mass than is indicated by the assigned nominal valve. The correction is equivalent to the “error” 3.1.7 international protoype kilograin—the platioun- icidium cylinder maintained at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), at Sevres, France with an internationally accepted defined mass of 1 Ky. 3.18 magnetiom—effect that generates an attractive or re- pulsive foree. 3.£8.1 (volume) magnetic suscepriilty (1)—measure of the ability of a medium to modify a magnetic fel. It is related to the magnetic permeability () by the relation: why = 1 + 7. The quantity jh is sometimes referred to as the relative permeability, 3.1.8.2 (permanent) magnetization (M)—parameter that specifies a magnetic state of material bodies such as weight, in the absense of an external magnetic field (most generally, ‘magnetization is a vecotr whose magnitude and digection are rnot necessarily constant within the material). The magnetiza- tion of a body generates an inhomogeneous magnetic field in space and thus may produce magnetic forces on other materi- als. 3.1.9. mass—physical quantity, which can be ascribed to any ‘material object and which gives a measure of its quantity of ‘ater. The unit of mass is the kilogram. 3.1.10 maximum permissible evrors—the maximum amount by which the sum of the conventional mass of the weight, its deviation from nominal value and its associated uncertainty is allowed to deviate from the assigned nominal value. 3.1.11 metrological traceability property of a measure- ‘ment result whereby the result can be related to a reference through a documented unbroken chain of calibrations, each contributing to the measurement uncertainty. Metrological traceability requires an established calibration hierarchy. Ele- ‘ments for confirming metrological traceability to be an unbro- ken chain to an international measurement standard or a national measurement standard (IPK or NPS), shall include @ documented measurement uncertainty, a documented measure- ‘ment procedure, accredited technical competence, metrological traceability to the SI, and established calibration intervals (see ‘current VIM: JCGM 200) 3.1.12 reference stunlurd—a standard, generally of the hhighest metrological quality available ata given location, froin which measurements made at that location are derived. 3.1.13 roughness parameter or R-parameter (R, or R.)~ parameter that describes the assessed roughness profile of @ sample. The letter R is indicative of the type of assessed profile, in this case R for roughness profile. The assessed profile of a sample can be in terms of different profile types: a roughness profile or R-parameter, primary profile or Peparameter, a waviness profile or W-parameter 3.1.14 set of weighis—a series of weights usually presented in a case s0 arranged to make possible any weighing of all toads between the mass ofthe weight with the smallest nominal value and the sunt of the masses of all weights of the series with a progression in which the mass of the smallest nominal value weight constitutes the smallest step of the series 3.1.15 temperature (1}—in degrees Celsius, is related to the absolute thermodynamic temperature scale, called the Kelvin seale, by (= 7 273.15 K. 3.1.16 test weight (m,)—weight that is to be tested according to this standard, 3.1.17 tolerance test—verifcation that the conventional ‘mass of the weights and their corresponding uncertainties as tested are correct within the maximum permissible errors ofthe respective weight class 3.1.18 uncertainty—non-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the quantity values being attributed (o a ‘measurand, based on the information used.Af e617 - 13 3.1.19 units—the units used ate: (1) for mass, the milligram (ong), the gram (g) and the kilogram (kg); (2) for density, the Kilogram per eubie meter (ke m" 3.1.20 U.S. National protorpe standard—platinurn-riium kilogram identified as K20, maintained at the National Institute of Standards and Technofagy, with value assigned relative to the Intemational Prototype. Kilogram provides the United States access to the mass unit. 3.1.21 weight—material measure of mass, regulated in re- tard to ils physical and metrological characteristics: shape, mensions, material, surface quality, nominal value, density, magnetic properties and maximum permissible error. [Noms The term “weight ip also used asthe physical quantity ofthe gravitational foree of «body. From dhe context itis usually clear in whic nse the term is used. If the sense isnot elear, ane may use the words “weight force” or “weight pee,” depending on is meaning, 3.2 Symbols: Symbol nit Defaiion a reorasenis weighing te retrerce tight in a weing ace a - represents weighing he teat wag in Ss woighing oe © - fection ator fora buoyancy 3 e ‘tarnce of balance readings between minima an maximum ‘use tom ecco let ¢ 9 ‘le nara! 4 ” ‘stnatd distance betwen colors of ‘rights sing losing % ™ mated tance fem the contr of load acer lo one of the comets me N [sr buoyancy env the wot othe spaces a 5 " ‘paviatonal force a N Imagnte foes betneon 2 mass ‘omparsior and» waif tbe vail orrareclon 2 met Sraviatona acoeration fe Ber ‘agpetaing tls stengh oe ® rete mami i % Ineaton othe weighing insvumenis (Gea sion) a “o Ineton sorence of he boance, where Alf ah © Inston eareno using an Sutras exchange machi wth eights fet poston ah “9 Indeatonsitarenes wing an {utmate excrange mackarisn with Ategtesevered potion ah 6 Change in ndeston of balmce de ‘ - overage facto typical 2or 8 i aw ‘emanent magnelzaton (ese aso oat 2 ‘a ‘ase ofa igi body (eight) ao ‘s Imass aero, only Bovean tas {Ed oerence weight oon o ‘avian permiesBe enor an he ‘weighs % e rats, nomial ae of me wlohe (ea tha) m eo Eenventana mass ofthe weight om 6 enventenal mass sifrence between teat weght ana oornce wait Symbol ot Detniton om, ‘s sverage conventonl mas dfrerce botwoch tat weight an aerence weight my “a reno mass be een my ‘a ‘Snventons mage of test wlght n is mass ofthe sosivay weg n ‘a traee othe tee ght . “ erp fr nama of measurement Sequenoes . Pa baromet pressure k vm ‘aan algo oughness pole (R- parameter a ‘m Ianemuan eight of rouginess prfle (Geperaete) . - subset for oorence weight : : ‘ico lor Senay weigh © ‘a Sandor dovioten e i ‘atone r K ‘amodynamictomperatr using te Intrnatna! Temperature Scale ot 1300 (T5290) ar © nal eterorge bewoon weight tam Deraire and labrtary temperature ‘ - Suber tas wag t < Temperature in dogens Clas, where rriezraisk y to ‘oer, expanded uncer ‘ 5 ‘roerangy tandrd uncer 4 ‘a ‘Croat fa buoyany eoreeson ‘o ‘erat fe balan, ‘a ‘combined Hadad vncerainy 4 S rosin ote play reso tinal a digi bance oe ts Uncen de te ecserrety ue kom Uncen of he fru ws 0 eae ‘st ar denty ue %* Unset late hunily wo ‘9 Ueonaiy du wo meabay fer. ‘ence weight Une 'o “corny de to magneton re Pe Uncertainty i barca pressure a ‘a Ucar de othe solv of the 4 “< conan in emparatn 4 5 Uneataity dve foe waging po: v = okee of cal body (weg) 2 ™ “ical entean cordnste * Na ‘magnet permesbiny he Nat ‘magneto constant (magnetic perme ay ot vasa y= 8 TON nga 1 ‘magnate polarization w - teste magnetic pemesbty (uh) ar - Seciveaogrss of rode P kom? mass of ig boy (eign) fe ‘om ‘densi ofa as a terence vale ual fo 12 ka be tom ent of mak Pa tom Senay of moist dung the [at (preis) catbraion othe rteence » tam ons of a reforence weight wth too ‘ons ofthe weight being ested r - ‘magnate suscepti 4, Maximum Permissible Errors 4.1 For each weight, the expanded uncertainty U at approxi mately 95% confidence (See Section 9) of the conventional ‘mass shall be less than or equal to one-third of the maxinmuit permissible error given in Table 1 as defined in Section 9.‘Nore Maximum Permissible Fors ae reported in SI units, typically illigrams fly e617 - 13 TABLE 1 Maximum Permiseible Errors [ors 2—The “grin” isthe same in avoiupois, roy and apothecaries ants of mass [Noms 3—Sce NIST SP Sil snd NIST SP 1038 for conversion and unis of measure Dovomnaton ang eee aad Meio "Gee OG Caw o0 Chas Gases Toso? __—CiassS— Gass“ 5 —Gass6_—Ohue? 000 Kg rT a rT) 00013 133 03g 150g 0G 2000 1g 3 ge Ot 000 50 foo 208 soo gt80 0g zee Se 09 Bo Sg 8g soo 13 153 35 soo 83 8G 20g io 26 499100 mo a ‘ota soma 18 208 Se tog 89 Sokg 13mg mq 68mg HS mq_ 280” 80mg. Sg 5a 739 75 ‘e By 78 10 300 etme 188 35 433 aa as a ee 15 250 00 12900 259459 50 “0 2s 50 100 200 00 109 zo 333 25 Py ‘ia 2 0 10 20 soma 22g 13 25 20 2 2 Es ‘eo 20) come 148 ars ss a8 18 is » 7 60 00 109 08 t8 2s So % 2 ° ‘0 20 50m9 ozs os 43 28 30 ry 2» 0 ‘co 70 os ao ie 2 80 io 2 ° 300 os ois 88 ts 30 60 2 » 210 es = 10saas to 20 43 is 2 ‘eo rn a to 20 5 0 to Oo = 00a = asym bas 090 4 5 “ oot bossa nae aoa, °70 30 a = eo = ooze = Baas towns 830 20 2 a ooo = dot = arr, sata bas 13 2 ia Sos = pote Bary ngae,S kat baa Pea 20 a 0008 = dole arr wae ow 026 ars 20 2 os = bote=atr ss agat kaso ba 839 20 4“ 00 doa Gas=S ota oe] 028 ay a6 a 020 to 12 002 = donates tesa So doe msota ona mrs la os (Ose ‘oo donate at] os ose oe a Te) ooo —damdS=soasotd= nesses 002 = oom as_S OHS ota soe oc = damsel ot mas sag] Sone 003 aes 0Nats a Soo oo es 010 ee 0.008 ans Cis ae Gia tas tas Cas 7 ak gimg omg 94mg gang Be ag mag aag 80g 9 4a 35 rg Og 79 233 Seg t35g ng 85 ear g Og ase ee Dg 8g 239 oa Be 5g ia asp og ao Ma s?mq Wamp ama sem = 2250 5g ag es ar “10 ‘uo ig 2390 Ag 7 3 3 200 oaomp 18g 30 “4 a 8 za 70 13 280 2 2 a a0 450 gtm 2g 3s s 2 ' 20 "so 195 ar ea = ® ite zo moma a 34 ee 2 ny a0 S10 ass ia 22 a ” 3 zo oar ase ra “a ‘is 2 cy ox Daas 27 10 ia Ho exe bas bee ta a a 31 SAGE eaeAly £617 -13 TABLE 1 Continued Denomination gence a raed etic” ~Gaue oop Gea 00 Glass Gis 1 Gss@ Gls 3 Gund Gass Gas Gass? a1 0085 aT oz om 1 ST 6a = east doe dase 635 ob 30 aS = oa boy baat aes k ae 20 a2 2 on Om oss ia 23 ie oor oo nade 12 ia e ats cows tots, as, saat 7 03 oor costae oz = sah 5 01 Ooms nots snag oust 3 ‘008 8 Seo oon s 23 os 3 02 Ga oes ors 03 os 3 000! acs ass 03 os 2 000005 6 So = does rs a3 os 3 6.0003 8 Seo oon) rs 03 os 3 0.00002 © Sow oes rs 03 os 3 8.09001 8 Sow 00ers. os os 3 “vara Gass Case 1 Css 2 Gass SCs 7 Chass SCs OT Soe te oF ia za ea we = So 03 os 12 23 45 6 a 180 Sor ois Garo ia 2a 2 i ‘0 tee om 025s a 23 a5 " io Sor oi a3 task is a2 a Bo oor mts 13 6o vor oo: bare 33 veer oc bbe 03 O50 2s tiser oor ton oe oss is lisee oo = daze ate soe 0013 Guess 132 Ooo oars osama tise Soo go = Oo Sarre 080 07 00m os 0 O20: oor ans toe rr aaser 0s aN oz Oe Oo3er bos dass) as Oneer fas to O18 oe Oot oe Sues bossa a3 ats Gczs bot on 008 Sas 00s aus 002 oe Stes ool Os 001 Ses oor * 00005 02 a ” Sons ee ces 0a * scone oe Ses doer se 086 “ con: ee oes o0a6__ 905s Troy Owes ‘Gass Ge Gass 7 Gass Css 1 Chass 5 GassT a, PA mga aaa Teang Siang Bang 189 sooort ° eo 30 770me 300021 3 °° ‘eo ‘20 avert 3 e 1 x0 toocet 16 er @ two Soar 5 we s 7 soot a a @ a aoert 3h ee 2 = tort 48 a ee 2 Bert os 13 a 2 Sent casa eo e aot on ih ba tort casa 42 asa ost bee 26 Osort 2a ia o2art oz Gao 45 Steet 613030 ar Gaseet oo Ota ort con Os) a zest Scoot tart cert ota 00s rt oe oon Sine ort ou dost? aaAly e617 - 13 TABLE 1 Continued ‘Denomination "eg opt 0 ned etic “Cisse Gb) Chae 00 Chass Ges Ghee? One) Chase —Chaiw Chasse D003 ozt 0% 0078 ote 080 Soo ot 600 060 taro Pennpweaht ‘asso Gare 1 ase 7 Gas Chase 4 Cues 5 Class Gane pang 98m am THR tsig 078g 189 000 ot ats 0383 azay 3000 oat Sim 028g 8g 2000 dt ra bieg —oazg {00 ae ET yma 869 san " ‘“ fame ode te th ‘e soaee 12 53 ” Bae oar a a4 soawe oe 26 52 Sou eae io 3a Gra CaO Cae Che ——Gass3 Cass }—Chae'3——Ches 6 OST on a fe Ee Taub 12 = % 5000 of as 2 2 3000 ot a5 6 6 2000 28 8 " {000 ia 63 63 soe oes 23 23 200g ost ia ta soar 03 Bay O38 oar o3s or or om oa 838 038 Se ons bat a3 o36r bon ae bie aos Bos oer! at 03 6 Gos oan) 01g os sant at CaaO Cae Che Gwe Chass 7 Chae Class © OTT _ 3 3 9 ea 9 ‘woo Te 2 = 70 ai 3000¢ a0 2 2 e me zoos 40 a a & oer soe to 26 ° 10 100 206 ose xo aa 5 & soe bas age 2 2 a se oom On? 039 5 3 te rs 826 + a ase e000 0000 or os a8fly e617 - 13 TABLE 1 Continued Denomination a oreo oe wad Matic _~Giass 005 Glace Goss0 lassi Olass?@__Clase3—“Gassd_— Gass —“Oaus6 Cam? ‘a8 ‘0028 anss cos a Ooze 002 © oss ae oaiacay Ones Dare 75 = = Br 4“ ° 2% 2a a 2 2 36 2s 5 6 18 0 3 i" te oe 32 4“ 0 oa us 35 = oa 08s 23 2 020 oe ‘a ie or oss. 14 4 OI Ta 1A 7 4.1.4 For each weight, the conventional mass, m. (eter mined with an expanded tncertaity), shall not differ by more than the difference: maximum permissible error 6n1 minus expanded uncertainty, from the nominal value of the Weight, m,~ (8m — 0) <(m) = m,e(6m~ 0) o 4.2. Maximum permissible errors for classes 000,00, 0, 1,2, 3, 4. 5, 6 and 7 are given in Table 1. These maximam permissible errors apply to conventional mass values Nore 2—Meximurm Permissible Erors for weights of denomination inzermeiate Between those listed the maximum permissible eor shall be proportional to the values shown, 4.3 For class 000, 00 and 0 weights, which are always accompanied by certificates giving the mass values and uncertainties, the deviation from the nominal value, m, ~ My. shall be taken into account by the user. 5. Physical Characteristics S11 Construction: 5.1.1 Type—Weights are divided into two types based upon the design: SLL Type I—These weights are of one-piece construction fand contain no added adjusting material, They must be specified; when weights are to be used as standards for the calibration of weights of Classes 000, 00, 0, 1, 2 and 3, and where maximum stability is required. A precise measurement of density can only be made for one-piece weights. 5.1.1.2 Type T—Weights of this type can be of any appro- priate design such as screw knob, ring, or sealed plug, ‘Adjusting material can be used as long as itis of a material at least as stable as the base material and is contained in such a way that it will not become separated from the weight. 5.1.2 Class 000, 00 and 0 shall be Type T, one piece construction, Weights with nominal values fess than I g shall hhave unique shapes to differemiate the weights from one another. See Table 2. The shape of weights smaller than 1 mg shall be discussed and verified with the customer, 5.1.3 Class 1, 2,3,4, 5,6 and 7 may be either Type I or Type Tl depending on the application, 5.2 Design—A weight may have any shape that does not introduce features that reduce the reiabilty. All weights shall bbe free of ragged or sharp edges or ends. Both sheet metal and wire weights shall be free of cracks such as may be formed from bending, 53 Surface Area—For classes 000, 00, 0, 1, 2,3 and 4 the surface area is not to exceed twice the area of a cylinder of equal height and diameter for weights 1g and above, Sheet metal weights or wire weights may be used below 1g. For Classes 5, 6 and 7 the total surface arcas should be minimized to the extent possible. S44 Material: 5.4.1 Class 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Weights—The hardness. of this material and its resistance to wear and corrosion shall be similar to or better than that of austenitic stainless stel. 5.4.2 Classes 6 and 7—Cylindrical class 6 and 7 weights below 5 kg and class 6 and 7 weights below 100 g shall be rmade of stcel or a material whose hardness and resistance to ‘corrosion is similar or better than that of steel. Other eylindri- cal class 6 and 7 weights of 5 kg or greater shall be made of grey cast iron or of another material whose brittleness and resistance to corrosion is similar or better than that of grey cast TABLE 2 Shape of Weights 1 9 or Less Tonina vase Pavgoral Sheais Wes 5, 80,500 m9 Peelagon eringon 2.80, 200 m9 ‘orc ‘le 2, 20, 200 69 Square Seve 146,160, 10000 Tingle YiangleAlp £617 - 13 iron. The surface of the weights may be treated with a suitable coating in order to improve their corrosion resistance. This ccoating shall withstand shocks and outdoor weather conditions. 5.5 Magnetism—Weights shall not exceed maximum per tmissible magnetic properties as listed in Tables 3 and 4 for any portion ofthe weight. Ifthe values of all local measurements of magnetization and susceptibility are less than these limits, then it may be assumed that the uncertainty components due to the ‘magnetism of the weight are negligible. The maximum perma- nent magnetization and magnetic susceptibilities given in Tables 3 and 4 are such that, at magnetic fields and magnetic field gradients possibly present on balance pans, they produce a change of the conventional mass of less than 1/10 of the maximum permissible error of the test weigh. ‘Nore 3 Magnetic suscepiily may he tested in accordance with (OIML R Tii-I, Annex B, Casson cannot have a staceptiblity spec «ation of any veal vale 5.6 Density Because of the effect of the buoyant force of air on a weight, precision measurements of mass require that the volume of the weight be known, as well as the density of the air in which it is being measured, so that appropriate corrections ean be made. For weights of higher precision, the range of density is limited to values at or near the density of well-established standards, such as are used by primary cs bration laboratories. For Class 000 and 00 the manufacturer shall provide a measured value for the density of the weights. As lower precision of measurement is required, so the range of density is broadened. See Table 5, 3.6.1 The determination of the minimum and maximum, density limits for nominal values not listed in Table 5 shall be converted (0 metric values and the limits of the metric value next greater than the converted value used. (Example: 1 apothecary ounce class 4 is equal to 31,1034768 g, therefore the density limits are equal to values listed in Table 5 for 50 g,) [Nom 4—Materials ued o make weighs for spevataplications that do vot fall within the density limite stated above, should have stated denies or density determinations performed. 5.7 Finisk—The surface ofthe weights (including the base and comers) shall be smooth, the edges shall be rounded, and the weights shall not be porous. 57.1 The surface quality of a weight shall not exceed maximum values of surface roughness, R, and R. through visual inspection using a hand held gage. See Table 6. 5.7.2 For weights with recessed areas for easier handling, tne recessed area and handle should have a finish with surface roughness no greater than Rp = 1 ym and Ry =0.2 um, The outer diameter, top and bottom surface roughness must meet Table 6 5.8 Adjustment; TABLE 2 Maximum Polarization, vot (HT) woowcum 8 4 aaa eats md polarization, 2.5 a 25 80 Not st) srt TABLE 4 Maximum Magnetic Susceptibil a Wah G60,09 band hands Gand? meig az os w Wer Ne ppicable appheabie 2gsm 08 ate or i Ne 0g pple zogem ace or o2 os Ne appleaie 5.8.1 Type I Weights—Weights shall be adjusted by abrasion, grinding or any appropriate method. The surface requirements shall be met at the end of the adjustment process. 5.8.2 Type I Weights—Weights with adjusting cavities shall be adjusted with the same material from which they are made, for with materials that are at Teast as stable and of similar density as the base material. For weights which have sealing ceaps, the cap may be made of aluminum. The back-up spacer should be of a similar material as the weight, Adjusting ‘material and back-up dise must meet the magnetic require- ‘ments specified for the accuracy class of the weight. 5.9 Marking 5.9.1 Class 000, 00 and 0 weights shall not bear any indication of nominal value and shall not be marked unless used to distinguish from another class 000, 00 or 0 weight, provided that the surface quality and stability of the Weights are not affected by the markings or by the process used to mark it 59.2 Numerical Value for Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 6 and 7—The nominal value of each weight shall appear on the Surface of each weight. Only the numerical portion of the weight value needs to be an the surface of weights, Weights ‘made of wire or too small to be marked shall not be marked but should be identifiable by their shape or number of bends. 5.9.3 Units of Weight—Weights 100 g and greater may be ‘marked with the unit name or abbreviation. In the case of sets of non-metric weights, atleast the largest weight of a particular set should be marked with the unit name or abbreviation. In any case the unit shall not be included where such marking would be illegible. 5.9.4 Abbreviations—The accepted abbreviation may be used in marking. Abbreviations are shown in Appendix. X2. Periods shall not be used with abbreviations in marking weights. 5.9.5 Multiple Weights-—Multiple weights of the same nominal value included in a set of weights shall have distin- guishing marks. 5.9.6 Depth of Markings—Markings shall be clear, shallow, relatively broad, and fee of burrs and sharp angles, Markings shall not perforate or crack sheet metal weights ‘5.9.7 User Marking—Itis recommended for a user to clearly, identify individual weights as it helps to link a weight to its calibration certificate ot verification document. The acceptable ‘maximum values for user markings are given in Table 7 6. Ordering Information 6.1 Selection of type and class depends upon the application of the weights. For reference standards, stability and informa- tion about the values of the weights is more important than the closeness of the values to nominal. Weights to be used withGy e617 - 13 TABLE 5 Minimum and Maximum Limits for Density PnP 10°69) Clas of Weight TABLE 6 Maximum Values of Surface Roughness Sasa ae Saas Came Cas Ca aaa io TABLE 7 Meum Number ef Ver Matings ‘tin’ Eig oS rel tgerop mn 3 aioe Um 3 balances of fow precision do not require small maximum permissible errors, nor need the choice of materials be limited to those of high stability. Appendix X1 should serve as a guide in selecting weights for specific applications. 6.2 Class—Maximum permissible errors for Classes 000 through 7 are shown in Table 1. Lower numbers indicate smaller maximum permissible errors. 63 Lifters: 6.3.1 Classes 000, 00, 0, 1,2, 3, and 4 shall be supplied with, lifters when sets of weights are ordered. Individual weights shall be supplied with lifters when specified by the purchaser. Lifters or forceps shall securely hold the weights for which they are designed. Additional pressure shall not cause the dropping of small weights or the forceful ejection of large weights 6.3.2 For weights $00 g or larger, the pars of the lifter that come in contact with the weights shall be covered with a non-magnetic material softer than the surface of the weight, such as plastie or chamois skin from which the grease has been. removed. 6.3.3 For stnaller weights, the lifters may be of the same design where practical or may be of a non-magnetic material softer than the weights, such as close-grained wood or plastics rot affected by alcohol, When the parts of the lifters or forceps ‘which come in contact with the weights are not covered by a Sand? 240 220 soft material, they shall be smooth and polished and the edges fon which the weight may be lifted shall be well rounded, 6.3.4 If forceps are used for lifting small weights, stainless steel forceps with nonmetallic tips may be used, where the tips that come in contact with the weights are covered with a ‘material softer than the surface of the Weight, such as plastic or chamois skin from which the grease has been removed. The forceps may also be made of a material softer than the weights, such as close-grained wood or plastics not affected by alcohol. ‘When the parts of the forceps which come in contact with the ‘weights are not covered by a soft material, they shall be smooth ‘and polished and the edges on which the weight may be lifted shall be well rounded, 64 Cases: 6.4.1 Classes 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weights, when supplied in sets, may be supplied with one or more eases or shall moot customer specifications for eases. The case shall be designed so that as long as the lid remains closed, the weights shall be held sceure, and when possible the pocket depth shall be such that the shoulder ofthe weight does not extend above the edge of the pocket. The hinges and locks shall be adequate {o hold the lid closed with any reasonable handling. There shall be no discoloration of weights due to the lining of the case, such as might result from long storage in a warm or damp location, This condition does not apply to weights not designed to be handled manually 6.4.2 Pockets—A separate pocket shall be Supplied foreach weight and for each forceps and lifter, except that extremely large lifters may not require pockets. Ail pockets shall be large ‘enough so that no appreciable fiction shall be encountered in inserting or removing weights. Ifthe cover is not lined, the individual holes in the cover shall be smooth or lined. Pockets for weights 1 g or equivalent or larger shall be constructed of| 4 smooth nonabrasive material, or fined with @ smooth, nonabrasive material 65 Denominations—The customer's purchase order or con- tract shall define the contents of the weight set. 6.6 Density klentfication—Weights that are to be calibrated shall carry identification of the density of the various materials fof which the weights are manufactured. Identification of ‘density shall be displayed on the certificate, or on the cover or interior of the box.Ally e617 - 13 6.7 Special Requirements—If a customer has specific re Quirements that deviate from this standard (that is, material, shape, maximum permissible errors, efc.) the manufacturer ‘may use this specification as a reference, nota requirement, 0 provide the customer with the weights that they need. 7. Certificates 7.1 Calibration—Laboratories issuing calibration reports for weights and weight sets shall have evidence of metrological traceability to the International System of Units (SI). Calibra- tion cesiticates shall be issued only by laboratories having a quality system complying with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025, which has preferably been verified by third pany assessinent (accreditation). 7.1.1 Calibration Certificates—A calibration certificate shall state, as a minimum: the conventional mass of each ‘weight, m,, an indication of whether a weight has been adjusted prior to calibration, its expanded uncertainty, U, and the value of the coverage factor, k. 7.1.2 Class 000, 00, and 0 weights shall be accompanied by a calibration certificate 7.1.3 The certificate for Class 000, 00, and O weights shall state, a8 a minimum, the values of conventional mass, m,, the expanded uncertainty, U, and the coverage factor, &, and the density or volume for each weight. In addition, the certificate shall state ifthe density or volume was measured or estimated. 7.2 Calibration, initial verification from the manufacturer ‘and subsequent calibration: 7.2.1 Table & gives the required tests for initial calibration from the manufacturer and subsequent calibration, The catego- ries of weights that are subject to calibration or initial ealibra- tion from the manufacturer should also be subject to re- calibration, making it possible to verify that they have maintained their metrological properties. Any weights found defective at the time of re-calibration shall be reviewed with the customer. 7.2.2 For subsequent calibration, a a minimum, the weights shall be visually inspected for design and surface conditions and the mass checked. 8, Test Procedures 8.1. Weight manufacturers must be able to provide evidence that all new weights comply with specifications inthis standard (e,, material, density, magnetism, surface finish, mass values, uncertainties). Statements of compliance by calibration labo- ratories during subsequent calibrations must meet the require- ‘meats of ISO/IEC 17025, 5.10.4.2 and indicate on the calibra- tion report which sections have or have not been assessed, 82 Cleaning Weighis: 8.2.1 I is important to clean weights before any measure- ‘ments are made because the cleaning process may change the ‘mass of the weight, Cleaning should not remove any significant amounts of weight material, Weights should be handled and stored in such a way that they stay contamination-free, Before calibration, dust and any forcign particles shall be removed. Care must be taken not io change the surface properties of the weight (Le. by scratching the weight) 8.2.2 If a weight contains significant amounts of contami- nation that cannot be removed by the methods cited above, the weight or some part of it can be washed with clean alcohol, distilled water or other solvents. Weights with internal cavities should normally not be immersed in the solvent to avoid the possibility that the uid will penetrate the opening. If there is ‘anced to monitor the stability of a weight in use, the mass of the weight should, if possible, be determined before cleaning. 8.23 After weights are cleaned with solvents they shall be stabilized for the times given in Table 9. 83 Thermal Stabilization—Prior to performing any calibra- tion tests, the weights need to be acclimated to the ambient conditions of the laboratory. In particular, weights of classes (000, 00, 0, 1 and 2 should be close to the temperature in the weighing area, The mandatory minimum times required for temperature stabilization (depending on weight size, weight class and on the difference between the initial temperature of the weights and the room temperature in the laboratory) are shown in Table 10. As a practical guideline, a minimum waiting time of 24 hours is requiced for temperature stabiliza- ‘ion of the weight with the laboratory envionment for weight classes 000, 00, 0, 1, and 2. 84 Environmental Conditions—The calibration of weights shall be performed at stable ambient conditions at temperatures close to room temperature. Required conditions are given in Table 11 84.1 For 000, 00, 0 and 1 class weights, the temperature shall be within 17 °C (0 23.5 °C. The environmental conditions shall be within the specifications of the weighing instrument, ‘TABLE 8 Roquirements for Determining Which Tests Shall Be Performed for Initial Verifeation from the Manufacturer and. Subsequent Callbration Tee Densty utace Roughness NaGHe aeptiy Convene ass CS vv voovov vv yy yoy vy se voy Y yoy Uogend IN ital vrston fom he manutcrer hats pefomes whan he weit st putin sn. Se 5 Scoeaauon or peed cltaton VE Visual nspecion on Vo = Tortng reaures + Ropes ony or ge 000 and 0 1 hv case of dott, permanent magnetuson ots weight canbe testd ving subsoqvant carson.Aly e617 -13 ‘TABLE 8 Stabilization Time after Cleaning Walsh Gass Coo 7 z a “Aer eleoing wih aconal 710456 yeaa Toa Tour ‘ner deaning th ated water ease Po ade “any ‘howe ‘TABLE 10 Thermal Stabilization in Hours a Tera Vale Giass 666, 9 and o Caee ase Case d=7 F206 70, 200, £000 a - ~ 79 $ 00, 200,800 - wm 8 4 40, 20/50 Kg & a 2 3 1.2.8 ky 18 2 6 2 100,200,500 9 8 5 3 ‘ 10, 20,809) 2 2 4 4 ‘Soe 4 i 1 os asec 000, 200, £000 kg - 1 f “00,200,500 « 2 1 16, 20,803 Ps 8 4 3 4.2.89 6 @ 3 1 100,200,550 & “ 2 os "0, 20,509, 2 1 1 28 ‘stog os os as o +000, 200, 8000 x3 : : 1 85 10, 200,800 kg : 8 1 a 10, 20,509 z ” 4 os ‘ashy cs 8 i os 100, 20,500 @ 5 3 : 08 ‘e069 2 1 1 os ws 1000, 200, 8000 : : - "00, 20,500 bg : 3 os os 10, 20,0 ko a 4 os 0s 7 1 os os 5 + os 0s 4 os os os AT Ini florence between weight iomperature and iabortry temperate, TABLE 11 Required Ambient Conditions during Calibration Wat cae Temperature change aurng clbaton 0, 00 ana 0 £0.38 perhour wats manmom of 05°C per 12 hous ‘ “£07 pet Nour n'a maximum of 1% por 12 howe 2 21.5 por hour th 8 mein of 2 per #2 Route 5 2c porneur wth a mmm o + 25° por 12 houre ” ‘2c per nour ath masini of = 820 per 12 hours ‘Woo aes Range of lave hui of te ie 00, €0 end 0 40% 0 60 wth a manu f= 5 pet 4 hours 7 Ao 0 tn a maxima of = 10% por shure ay 40 %4 19 60% wh 8 moma af 1596 par hours 8.4.2 If the air density deviates from 1.2 kg mr? by more than 10 %, mass values shall be used in calculations and the conventional mass shall be calculated from the mass. 84.3 Weighing Instrument—The metrological characteris- tics of the weighing instrument used shall be known from ‘earlier measurements and ils resolution, linearity, repeatability and eccentricity shall be such that the required uncertainty can be reached 8.4.4 Reference Weights—The reference weight shall gener ally be of a higher class of accuracy than the weight to be calibrated. In the calibration of weights of class 000, 00 and 0, the reference weight shall have similar or better metrological characteristics (magnetic properties, surface roughness) than the weight to be calibrated. 85 Weighing Design: 8.5.1 Seope—This section describes two methods for the ‘decermination of the conventional mass of weights in a weight sot (1) The direct comparison method; and (2) The subdivision/multiptication method, which applies only for a set of weightsfly e617 -13 85.1.1 Three different weighing cycles are described, all of which are forms of substitution weighing intended for, but not limited (0, single-pan balances, 85.1.2 Prior to mass determination, the density of the weights shall be known with sufficient accuracy. In addition, the environmental conditions and the metrological character- istics of the weighing instruments used in the mass determina tion shall be known with sufficient accuracy. Formulae for the determination of the conventional mass and ils uncertainty are to be followed. 85.2 Direct Comparison—Usually the test weight should be calibrated by comparison against one or more reference weights, In each comparison, the nominal mass of the test weight and the reference weight should be equal. A check standard can be used {0 monitor the measurement process ane Special problems may arse when ealibrating class 000, 00| and 0 weights of les than one gram. This pastally due to rlatively large Uncersinty of the reference weignts in this range. Father the intbiity ofthe weighing instruments ada large srface aca are fetors that negatively influence the uncertainty of measurement. Therefore the Subdivision method is swongly recommended for soch Weight, 85.3 Subdivision—An entire set of weights can be cali- brated against one or more reference weights. This method requires several weighings within each decade in the set. In these weighings, different combinations of weights of equal {otal nominal mass are compared. This method is mainly used (0 calibrate sets of class 000, 00 and 0 weights when the highest accuracy is required. If with this method, only one reference weight is used, the number of weighing equations shall be larger than the number of unknown weights and an appropriate adjustment calculation shall be performed in order {o avoid propagating errors. If more than one reference weight, is used, the number of equations may be equal to the number of unknown weights, In this ease, no adjustment calculation is necessary. The advantage of such methods lies in the fact that they include a certain redundancy that offers greater confidence in the results. However, these methods, particularly the adjust- ‘ment calculation, require more advanced mathematics, 8.5.4 Weighing Cycles—Acceptett procedures for three dif- ferent weighing cycles for a single comparison weighing are described below. [Note 6—Oiher procedures and weighing eycles may be used. If in pareular, weighing cycles are used tht are not independent from each Ihe, sch a6 Ay By Ay) Ay By Ay the uneertaimy has ta be evalued by considering covariance terms 2nd the onmula given in Section 9 must, be modified correspondingly 8.5.4.1 In the weighing cycles, "A" represents weighing the reference weight and “B” represents weighing the test weight. ‘The cycles ABBA and ABA are normally used when calibrat- ing class 000, 00, 0, 1, 2 and 3 weights. 8.5.42 The cycle AB;...B,A is often used when calibrating class 4,5, 6 and 7 weights, But is generally not recommended for class 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, and 3 weights. If, however, a mass ‘comparator with an automatic weight exchange mechanism is used and if the system is installed in a protecting housing, this, cycle can also be accepted for class 000, 00, 0, 1,2, 3, and 4 ‘weights calibrations 85.4.3 Only cycles ABBA and ABA are useful in subdivi- sion weighing, More than one reference weight can be used. In this case the weighing cycle can be applied for each reference ‘weight separately. The reference weighs may then be com pared against one another. 855 Comparison of the test weight with one reference weight (recommended for class 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 ‘weights)—A variety of weighing eycles can be utilized. For two weights the following cycles, which are best known as ABBA and ABA, are possible, These cycles eliminate linear arity Cycle ABBA (r,t) Bry My. Haye Maye Lge Iyye Me Tay wc Tatha 2 @ where i Cycle ABA (HE, Bey, Has Tags ms Hs Hay Hap a= hum Cathay ) where f= 1, om 85.5.1 In cycles ABBA and ABA, 1 is the number of sequences. The i values are given in the order in which the weights should be placed on the weighing pan. Here the subscripts “t” and “V” denote the reference weight and test weight respectively. Al, is the indication difference. from ‘measurement sequence i 8.5.5.2 The time interval between weighings should be kept ‘constant, 8.5.5.3 If there is 4 need to determine the sensitivity of the weighing instrument during the weighing process, the se- ‘quence ABBA can be modified to the for Lyf, Keres anus ‘where “ms” is the sensitivity weight. 8.5.6 Comparison of several test weights of the same ‘nominal mass with one reference weight (eycle AB,...B,A). If several test weights 1() (j= I, ... J) with the same nominal mass are to be calibrated simultaneously the weighing cycle ‘ABA can be modified into AB,...B,/\ as follows: Cycle AB BA! Hey Mgt Mais ollyyus Hays Haas Bypas Mayas altyiyay Maas (le cas Mayet Mayers + Muyits Mae Te Bae Masai oo By Ha) Alyy = ays~ Un thay a where f= 1 vn 8.561 If the drift in the weighing indication is negligible, i.e, less than oF equal 0 one third of the required uncertainty. it is not necessary to invert the order of the test weights in AB)...B,A when repeating the sequence. The number of weights shall normally not be more than 5 (J < 5). 8.5.7 Number of weighing cycles—The number of weighing. cycles, n, shall be based on the required uncertainty and on the repeatability and reproducibility of the measurements, see Table 12, TABLE 12 Required Minimum Number of Weighing Cycles ass 000,000 1 eens dens Gand Tinimur 3 2 T + + umber e¢ ABBA lr 5 3 2 1 1 umber ot ABA nin 5 3 2 1 1 numberof BBAAy e617 - 13 86 Dara Anabysis: 86.1 Average difference of conventional mass-one test weight—For cycles ABBA and ABA, the conventional mass difference, Am,, between the test weight and the reference weight of a cycle, 1, is: Amn 7 Mh “s) dm, = AltmC, 6) where: o 86.1.1 If the density, p, oF p,, of a weight is not known, but the material is known, the appropriate assumed density from ‘Table 13 shall be used. If itis only known that the density of ‘a weight is within the allowed limits, then the value 8 000 kg 1m shall be used. 8.6.1.2 In cases where air buoyancy correction is estimated to be negligible, ie. if we leh ° the term mgC; can be omitted. However, the uncertainty contribution af C may not be negligible (see below in93.1), If only an averaged or single vale ofthe aie density is available, the buoyancy correetion, mC can be applied after averaging, {8.6.2 Average diference of conventional mass ~ Several ex weights—IF several test weights are calibrated according 10 weighing cycle AB,...B,A, the average mass difference for ‘weight is obtained from Bq 8 by replacing A, with Alin Eq 6 8.63 Average diference of conventional mass ~ Several series of measurementsTe there are several (J) identical series of measurements with average values t,, and with approxi- mately equal standard deviations the average value of al measurements is & a) 86.3.1 Several series of measurcments are usually. per formed only in calibration of class 000, 00, and 0 weights, ‘when the reproducibility of weighings has to be investigated Minimum requirements for the aumber of weighing cycles are in Table 12. TABLE 15 List of Alloys Most Commonly Used for Weights Tioga ‘suned Danely __Uneartty (k= 2) ina 71400 kam? = 15059 Fiske ver “30 ko Dion m2 brass B00 ag 2 Sitoxg m2 Stanies ste! 7,980 gm? Dion m2 Caton steal 7700 3? $200 4g 2 tron 100 kgm? ee aa {Cat rn wht) 7700 gm? 200g {astiron re 1300 am E600 kgm? ‘Aur 2700 kg 21803 8.64 Conventional mass of the test weight—The conven- tional mass of the test weight can be calculated from the formula an 9. Uncertainty Calculations [Nore 7—The uncerainy calculations are based on the curent GUM CGM 100 and supplements, Additions! guidance may be found in NIST ‘Technical Note 1297. Uncenainty calculations are applied for mass ‘comparions. The uncersiny is evaluated either by the Type Aor by the “Type B method of evaluation. Type A evaluation is based on statisicel analysis ofa series of measurements whereas Type B evalation ie based tom other knowledge. 9.1. Standard uncertainty of the weighing process, uy (Type A)—The standard uncertainty of the weighing process, 1 (Am,), is the standard deviation of the mass difference. For n cycles of measurements: sam.) (8m) = 02 where s(Am,) is defined below for the various classes of weights 9.1.1 Classes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, cycles ABBA, ABA or ABy...B,A are often applied. For these classes of weights, if the standard deviation of mass difference measurements is not known from historical data, it can be estimated as: rmax(Am,) ~ min(Am,) 2V5 from n = 3 cycles of measurements. ‘The standard deviation can also be calculated as described in 94.2, 9.1.2 For weight classes 000, 00, 0, 1, and 2, the variance of, the mass difference, Am,, of the weighing process, s*(Am,) is ‘estimated from n cYeles of measurements by: sam) «aa t Pam) = Sam sm as with nl degrees of freedom. 9.1.3 Honly a few measurements are made, the estimate of s(Am,) can be unreliable. A pooled estimate, obtained from cearlier measurements made under similar conditions, should be ‘used, If this is not possible, m should not be less than 5. 9.1.4 Tn the case where there are J series of measurements (where J> 1) the variance of Am, is calculated by pooling over the J series $0 that: 1g eam = F3aamy as) swith Jor-1) degrees of freedom, Nort $—The subscript “7's appended to between te andar deviations foreach see. 9.2 Uncertainty of the reference weight, wl) Type B)— ‘The standard uncertainty, ulm), ofthe mass ofthe reference ‘weight should be calculated from the calibration ceniticate by dividing the quoted expanded uncertainty, U, by the coverage factor, k (usually & = 2), and should be combined with the uncertainty due to the instability of the mass ofthe reference Weigh Hp i.) 10 dieretiateAly e617 - 13 Hm, as) ‘The uncertainty due to instability of the reference weight, ya), Can be estimated from observed mass changes after the reference weight has been calibrated several times. If previous calibration values are not available, the estimation of Uncertainty has to be based on experience. 9.2.1 If a combination of reference weights is used for a ‘mass comparison and their covariances are not known, a correlation coefficient of I can be assumed, refer tothe current GUM: JCGM 100 and supplements. This will lead to linear summation of uncertainties: sling) = Sala) where 1(m,,) i the standard uncertainty of reference weight i. This is an upper limit for the uncestainy. an 93 Uncertaimy of the air buoyancy correction, u, (Type B)—The uncertainty of the air buoyancy correction ean be caleulated from Eq 18, 2) Pr i) t= [m PA) | tm, 202 an +mhio.~ pte. 02) 2ou~ eae where py is the air density during the oreviow) calibration of the reference weight by use of a higher order reference sreight. When using Ea 18 be sure tose the same value forthe uncertainty of the density of the reference weight, w(p,), that sas used in the uncertainty calculation of the previous calibra tin, A larger uncertainty cannot be arbiter chosen, 9.31 ven if the ar buoyancy corecton is negligible, the ncetiny consibution of the tuoymey elec may net be regigible and shal be taken into aecout (sce Eq 18) S130 For cases 5,6, and 7, the ncertanty due ‘9 air is pel negligible and can sully be 9.3.3 For classes 2, 3 and 4 the densities of the weights hhave fo be known with sufficient accuracy (see Table 5). 9.3.4 Ifthe air density is not measured and the average aie density for the site is used, then the uncertainty for the air density is (0 be estimated as (P.) wet my 0 = Sala A Lower value of uncertainty may be sed if supporting data can be provided. ‘At ea level the density of ar may be assumed tobe 1.2 kg a9) 9.3.5 For class 000, 00, 0 and I weights, the density of air shall be determined. Its uncertainty is estimated from the ‘uncertainties for temperature, pressure and air humidity, For TABLE 14 Coverage factor, k, for diferent effective lass 000, 00, 0 and I the CIPM formula (2007) or an approximation can be used for the calculation of air density 9.3.6 The variance of the air density is: (bo weed (Bey seo 9364 Arreve miiy of r= 05 (9°) emp co of 2 4 and pee of 11295 long perl alae sy spel wean eae br ea S410 9,4" where hr = relative humidity, a a fraction. 93.7 The density of the reference weight, py and its uncertainty should be known from its calibration certificate. 9.3.8 For classes O— 4 weights, the density, p, is not always known, so it must be either measured, or taken from. the rmanufacturer’sspecifications/recommendations, or taken from Table 13. 9.4 Uncertainty of the balance ty, (Type B): QA. Uncertainty due to the test of balances and mass comparators—~The recoramended approsch to determine this component is to test the balances and mass comparators at reasonable time intervals and use the results from the tes in the "uncertainty calculations. When calibrating class 000, 00 and 0 weights, itis recommended to perform several test measure- iments at diferent times to ensure that there is enough infor ‘mation about the uncertainty at the time of the measurement. 9.2 Uncertainty due to the sensitivity of the balance—IE the balance is calibrated with a sensitivity weight (or weights) of mass mn, and of standard uncertainty tiny, the uncertainty contribution due to sensitivity is a= (ém) (nme a, oF en where: Al, = the change in the indication of the balance due to the sensitivity weight, w(Al,) = the uncertainty of Al, and Sm, = the average mass difference between the test weight and the reference weight I the sensitivity is not constant with time, temperature and load, its variation must be included in the uncertainty. 943 Uncertainty due to the display resolution of a digital balance—For a digital balance with the scale interval, d, the uncertainty due to resolution is: 208 of freedom, ve va o 2 3 2 = @ @ © @ = zee * vair_ asi aat__2a7) ~ um) 1 2, then the coverage factor, &, should be calculated from the distribution assuming a 95.45 % confi- dence level and the effective degrees of freedom, vq (as calculated from the Welch-Satterthwaite formula). The eover- tage factor, k, for different effective degrees of freedom, vey i8 given in Table 14. If it can be assumed that the type B ‘uncertainty estimates are conservative with infinite degrees of freedom, the formula has the form: 0 son.) vg = = 1) (am en APPENDIXES, (Nonmandatory Information) Xi. APPLICATIONS ‘TABLE X1.1 Applications Nore | Belanceelasiiston information can be found in NIST Handbook $4 or OIML R76. Tas Type option 0, 00,008 T Taborsor Rearonca Sanaorde a i Felerencestandarcs uses for csbratng Class 1 waits 1 Foeferncestandaras used fr eatrangClss 2 weighs t Felerance standards uso fr celtrang Class 2 weighs ° 1 Calbraton weshts used wth calraton Clas I baaons out ik in wales fo high quali anit balances 1S seuss erefly e617 - 13 TABLE X11 Contioued Cas Te ean 42 Tort ‘albraton weighs used wi clbraon Ge babnaos borate wala fo euneanayicl wok 2 fort Standards used fr ealbratng lass 4 weighs a tert! ‘Standords used fr eallraing las 8 woe ‘ ror ‘Standards used fr ealbtatng Clase 6 wigs as, fort Catron weighs Used wir Cs Uc ane Balances eles, bp balances ard plo esas 56 fort ‘Student inberatory use : eet ugh weighing operation in phy! and hems abort Such a ores messing spparaie 1X2, ABBREVIATIONS OF TERMS ‘TABLE X2.1 Abbreviations of Terms: aie Fecal ‘anvarsion Fade torvaten {unt masse) arat © 28 Dram. aptnacary trap S887 904 5 9 Grain Toy Hi 064 79621 3 Gram 5 tg ‘ora i 1 bo09 ‘atram ma Bong Dunes, apothecary (480 ins) oe Sit03 788 3 (une, evoraupals 137.8 gras) 28340 528125 9 ‘une, ry 180 gris) ct s1103 47683 Pennyweint ow 1.558 178 06g Pound sarap i 5359297 9 Serle, soetecary sop 4.208 978 29 ASTI Inemaiona tes no postion respctng he vali any pant gts asserted in connect wih any Rem mentioned ine standara Leos o is sandra are exressh assed tt determination oh vale ny such pant ht, and nek of ningement a uch igs, ee arly iow respons, ‘a tandon aaj to rein a ny ke byte espns eciclsommite and must be reviewed evry fv oars and Irectraven, eer eaperoved or mihaun Your canmant are tied arr reson of natant oro esol wana and sou be aatrassed to ASTM Irma Headguvor. aur comment il ees care coniertion a3 mast of he ‘asponstle technical comnte, wich you may aera i You Tel hat your commons have Wot Scelve aa ean You ob ‘rake your vows own fo he ASTI Commitee on Standart adeas shown elo This slau scoped by ASTM Itamatonl, 100 Bar Harbor Dive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken PA 19426-2059, nied States. Indicua emis (angle cr multe copie) of he sadaré maybe ebtaned by coniacing ASTI at ho ABO ‘asuress of af S10832.9505 (phone), 610-832-9588 (fas), or eervoaBacimerg ermal), tug the ASTM abate {iraasim or). Permiston rigs to photocoy the stansnre mey also be secured tom te ASTM wabete (amie sain or copviarth.