11/17/14

Sekolah Ilmu dan Teknologi Hayati

Analisis Hidrologi

Materi Perkuliahan

n Tujuan Perkuliahan:

Digital Terrain Model

Prosedure Pemodelan Hidrologi
Mengisi Sink
Membuat Flow Dirrection
Membuat Flow Accumulation
Membangun Cell Numbers
Membuat Batas DAS dan Sub DAS
Aplikasi
Model Potensi Runoff

n Pustaka :
Pemodelan

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Daerah Aliran Sungai (Watershed)

Outlet Point

A watershed
boundary can be
sketched by starting
at the outlet point
and following the
height of land defining
the drainage divides
using the contours on
a map. Minnesota GIS/LIS Consortium Page 3
Spring Workshops 2000

Daerah Aliran Sungai (Watershed)

n Drainage system - The area upon which

water falls and the network through
which it travels to an outlet.
n Drainage Basin - an area that drains
water and other substances to a common
outlet as concentrated flow (watersheds,
basins, catchments, contributing area)
n Subbasin - That upstream area flowing
to an outlet as overland flow
n Pour Point - A location at which the
contributing area can be determined.
n Drainage Divide - The boundary
between two basins. This is an area of
divergent flow.

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Daerah Aliran Sungai (Watershed)

Stream Network A stream network is

composed of those areas where
concentrated flow is occurring.

Stream Ordering
Shreve - When two links intersect, their
magnitudes are added and assigned to
the downslope link.
Strahler - Stream order only increases when
streams of the same order intersect

DTM

ELEVATION
VALUES X
n Grid / Raster
n Setiap cell assigned a value
(elevation, land cover, etc.)

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DTM

Data Elevasi dengan

pewarnaan

DTM
The elevation values of the DEM can be grouped into
intervals. Each interval is then represented by a
different gradient color.

Minnesota GIS/LIS Consortium

Spring Workshops 2000

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PROSES DEM
n DEM harus di proses terlebih dahulu sebelum dimasukan
dalam model hidrologi agar bersih dari kesalahan
n Sinks
Kesalahan yang umum adalah sink (sumur/tenggelam)
Sink adalah lokasi dimana air dapat dialirkan, tetapi tidak
terhubungkan dengan sistem drainase
Sink Example
Stream
100 100 100 100 100 100-meter Elevation
contour
100 100
97 96 95
100
Sink Area Cell Elevation

100 98 99 100 100

100 100 100 100 101

Flow Direction & Flow Accumulation

n Dasar dari hampir semua analisis hidrologi dgn SIG
n Sekali flow direction diketahui, maka memungkinkan untuk
membuat berapa banyak cell yang masuk pada satu cell.
n Merupakan dasar untuk mendeliniasi daerah aliran sungai
(watershed) dan jaringan aliran sungai (stream)

100 100 100 100 94 0 0 0 0 18

0 3 8 15 0
100 97 96 95 100

100 98 99 100 100 0 2 2 0 0

100 100 100 100 101 0 0 0 0 0

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Flow Direction
n Slope
Slope(kelerangan) pada satu cell bergantung pada 8 cell
sekitarnya.
Slope terbesar akan menyerahkan ke cell yang tengah.
n Flow Direction Grid
Membentuk flow direction dengan grid kelerangan (slope).
Jika satu cell slope lebih rendah dari cell sekitarnya, aliran akan
mengealir ke cell tersebut.

12 13 13 CN elevation 100 100 100 100 94

11 10 10 CN flowdirection 100 97 96 95 100

8 10 9 32 64 128
100 98 99 100 100
16 1
Target Cell 8 4 2 100 100 100 100 101

Flow Direction

Original Surface Flow Direction Surface

100 100 100 100 94 2 2 2 1 128

100 97 96 95 1 1 1 128
100 64

100 98 99 100 100 128 128 128 64 32

100 100 100 100 101 128 64 64 32 80

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Flow Direction

Flow Accumulation
n Menelusuri aliran air berdasarkan grid flow direction dan
menentukan jumlahh sell yang mengalir pada cell tersebut.
n Akumulasi aliran adalah jumla cell yang masuk ke setiap cell
nya. Flow accumulation membentuk sebuah grid untuk
merepresentasikan total jumlah cell yang mengalir pada
setiap cell
n Cell yang memiliki jumlah akumulasi yang tinggi dapat
dijadikan sebuah kanal/sungai (stream channels)

100 100 100 100 94 0 0 0 0 18

0 3 8 15 0
100 97 96 95 100

100 98 99 100 100 0 2 2 0 0

100 100 100 100 101 0 0 0 0 0

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Flow Accumulation

0 0 0 0 18

0 3 8 15 0

0 2 2 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

Stream

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Flow Length Surface

Flow Direction Surface Flow Length Surface

2 2 2 1 128 144.6 114.6 84.6 30 0

1 132.3 102.3 72.3 42.3

1 1 128 30
64

128 128 128 64 32 144.6 114.6 84.6 72.3 84.6

128 64 100 32 80 156.9 126.9 114.6 126.9 0

Assuming 30 meter sq. cells

Flow Length Surface

Flow Length Surface

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DAS dan Sub-DAS

Pour Point Contributing Area

DAS dan Sub-DAS

Minimum Catchment Area = 5000 cells Minimum Catchment Area = 10000 cells

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Summary

Membuat Cell Number

Pertanian

Jalan +
Sumur

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Run Off

Combining Land Cover and Hydrologic Soil

Group LayersRaster Calculator

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Raster Calculator

Combine Land Cover and Hydrologic Soil

Group Layers

n Enter in Raster Calculator

[Hydrologic Soil Group].Combine( { [Land Use and
Cover] } )
Raster calculator will create a new grid
Values in the new grid represent zones of unique combinations of values
in the input grids
Each of these soil/landcover combinations is then assigned a value of
Curve runoff based on a table you can get from the NRCS

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Plug in CN Grid and Precipitation Grid

into Available Runoff Equation

nOriginal Equation
Q = (sqrt(p 0.2 * (1000/CN 10))) / (p + 0.8 * (1000/
CN 10))
nRaster Calculator Operation
( ([Precipitation] - 0.2.AsGrid) * ((1000.AsGrid / [CN]) -
10.asgrid)).sqr / ( ([Precipitation] + 0.8.AsGrid) * ((1000.AsGrid /
[CN]) - 10.AsGrid))

Run Off

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