Titration of Hydrochloric Acid with Sodium Hydroxide

Members
1. Pajaree Chalongkitcharoen 5861086
2. Tidarat Boonsong 5861171
3. Pith Laohavirojana 5861112
4. Suchanuch Putaprapasri 5861150
Class 1109

Mahidol University International Demonstration School

Academic Year 2016

Procedure
You will do at least three titrations. If you add too much base and the
solution is too bright pink, you will need to discard the data and do another
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run. Also, if your titrations are greater than 1% different from each other, you
will need to conduct additional titrations. (4 columns of data are provided for
these purposes.) Patience in this lab will prevent you from having to do extra
trials!!!

1. Record the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution on the data sheet
2. Obtain about 100 mL of the sodium hydroxide solution in a clean beaker.
This should be
enough for the initial cleaning of your buret and for your first 3 trials.
3. Clean your buret: Add about 5 mL of the base solution from the beaker to
the buret
(use a funnel to pour). Move the funnel around while adding to ensure the
sides of the
buret are coated with base. Alternatively, you can remove the buret with the 5
mL of
titrant from the buret stand and carefully tilt and rotate to coat all interior
surfaces with
the titrant. Drain the solution through the stopcock into a waste beaker.
Repeat this
rinse with a second 5 mL portion of base.
4. Pour more of the sodium hydroxide solution into the buret until it is near
the 0.00 mL
mark. Open the stopcock to allow several drops to rinse through the tip of the
buret.
This should eliminate any air bubbles in the buret tip. Record your initial
buret reading
on the data sheet for trial 1 (the volume does not need to be exactly 0.00 mL).
5. Draw 10.00 mL of the acid solution into the volumetric pipette and transfer
this solution
into an Erlenmeyer flask. Add 23 drops of phenolphthalein to the acid
solution in the
flask.

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6. Place the flask under the buret and start adding the base solution to the
Erlenmeyer
flask. Have one lab partner swirl the flask while the other controls the
stopcock. When
pink starts to develop, add the solution more slowly. At this point you should
add one
drop at a time followed by swirling until a very light pink color persists for at
least 30
seconds. Remember, the lighter the pink the better!!!
7. Record the final reading of the buret. Wash the contents of the flask down
the drain
with water.
8. Refill the buret with more sodium hydroxide solution if necessary. Record
the new
volume under trial 2 on the data sheet. Pipette another sample of acid and add
the
phenolphthalein as before and titrate as before.
9. Conduct additional titrations until two of them differ by no more than
1.0%.
10. Complete the data sheet and postlab questions. Show your work for full
credit!!!

Titration of Hydrochloric Acid with Sodium Hydroxide

1. How would it affect your results if you used a beaker with residual water in
it to measure out your standardized sodium hydroxide solution?
Ans: The water may make the pH and the concentration of the sodium
hydroxide solution goes wrong and be inaccurate. The result from the lab will
be wrong and lead to an error in the lab.

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2. How would it affect your results if you used a wet Erlenmeyer flask
instead of a dry one when transferring your acid solution from the volumetric
pipette?
Ans: The water inside the Erlenmeyer flask will cause the volume, the
concentration and the equilibrium point of the titration goes wrong. You will
get a false data and the indicator color will change faster or slower than it
should be.

3. How do you tell if you have exceeded the equivalence point in your
titration?
Ans: By using the pH indicator that has an end point at pH=7. It will
change color when pH=7 then thats the equivalence point.

4. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH) in water. For quality

control purposes, it can be titrated using sodium hydroxide to assure a
specific % composition. If 25.00 mL of acetic acid is titrated with 9.08 mL of
a standardized 2.293 M sodium hydroxide solution, what is the molarity of
the vinegar?
Ans: CH3COOH (aq) + NaOH (l) H2O (l) + CH3COONa

Vacid = 25.00 mL = 0.025 L

Vbase = 9.08 mL = 9.08 x 10-3
[Base] = 2.293 M

Mol = Volume x [Molarity]

= (9.08 x 10-3 ) x [2.293] = 0.021 mol NaOH
1 mol of NaOH = 1 mol of CH3COOH
0.021 mol NaOH = x

= 0.021 mol of CH3COOH

[Molarity] = Mol = 0.021 mol of CH3COOH = 0.84 M

V 0.025 L
Vinegar molarity: 0.84 M

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Pictures

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 Discussion

Why result turn out in different shade of pink

Ans: In this case, we used the phenolphthalein as a pH indicator. This
indicator is colorless when its in the neutral solution or acidic solution but if
it is in bas solution, it will started turn to pink. As you can see, we drop the
base solution in the acidic solution and as the amount of sodium hydroxide
that we add to the hydrochloric acid is more, the shade of color will change
as the intensity of base of the solution. Like the picture above showed the
different shade of pink. If we add sodium hydroxide in the large amount, then
the shade of pink will become darker like three and four and if we add it in

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the small amount, then the color will become lighter like 2 and 1. If we are
comparing which number has the strongest the weakest base solution, it will
be 4>3>2>1.
Data Tables

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4

Initial buret 0 0 8.9 8.5
volume
(mL)
Final buret 8.5 8.9 18 18.4
volume
(mL)
Volume of 8.5 8.9 9.1 9.9
base (mL)
Volume of 0.0085 0.0089 0.0091 0.0099
base (L)
Moles of 8.5 x 10-4 8.9 x 104 9.1 x 10-4 9.9 x 10-4
base (mol)

Acid to Base 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1

Mole Ratio
Moles of 8.5 x 10-4 8.9 x 10
4
9.1 x 10-4 9.9 x 10-4
acid (mol)
Volume of 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
acid (L)
Acid 8.5 x 10-2 8.9 x 102 9.1 x 10-2 9.9 x 10-2
concentratio
n(M)

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Average 6.853 x 10-5 6.853 x 10-5 6.853 x 10-5 6.853 x 10-5
concentratio
n (M)

Calculation

- The Total Volume of base (mL)

Formula: Final buret volume - Initial buret volume
Trial 1: 8.5 mL (Final) - 0 mL (Initial) = 8.5 mL
Trial 2: 8.9 mL (Final) - 0 mL (Initial) = 8.9 mL
Trial 3: 18 mL (Final) - 8.9 mL (Initial) = 9.1 mL
Trial 4: 18.4 mL (Final) - 9.9 mL (Initial) = 9.9 mL

- Convert volume of base in mL to L

Formula: 1 L = 1000 mL
Trial 1: 8.5 1000 = 0.0085
Trial 2: 8.9 1000 = 0.0089
Trial 3: 9.1 1000 = 0.0091
Trial 4: 9.9 1000 = 0.0099

- Moles of base (mol)

Formula: [Molarity] Volume (L) = Mol
Note: Concentration of sodium hydroxide 0.1 M
Trial 1: [0.1] 0.0085 L = 0.00085 mol
Trial 2: [0.1] 0.0089 L = 0.0089 mol
Trial 3: [0.1] 0.0091 L = 0.00091 mol
Trial 4: [0.1] 0.0099 L = 0.00099 mol

- Moles of acid (mol)

HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O
1 mol of NaOH = 1 mol of NaCl

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 1 mol of HCl =

= 1 of NaOH 1 mol of HCl

1 mol of NaOH
Trial 1: 1 = 0.00085 mol of NaCl 1 mol of HCl = 0.00085
mol
1 mol of NaOH

Trial 2: 2 = 0.00089 mol of NaCl 1 mol of HCl = 0.00089

mol
1 mol of NaOH

Trial 3: 3 = 0.00091 mol of NaCl 1 mol of HCl = 0.00091

mol
1 mol of NaOH

Trial 4: 4 = 0.00085 mol of NaCl 1 mol of HCl = 0.00085

mol
1 mol of NaOH

- Convert volume of acid from mL to L

Note: Volume of acid is 10 mL.
Formula: 1 L = 1000 mL
Trial 1: 10 1000 = 0.010 L
Trial 2: 10 1000 = 0.010 L
Trial 3: 10 1000 = 0.010 L
Trial 4: 10 1000 = 0.010 L

- Acid concentration (M)

Formula: [Molarity] = mol

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 V
Trial 1: 1 = 0.00085 mol = [0.085]
0.010 L

Trial 2: 2 = 0.00089 mol = [0.089]

0.010 L

Trial 3: 3 = 0.00091 mol = [0.091]

0.010 L

Trial 4: 4 = 0.00085 mol = [0.085]

0.010 L

- Average concentration (M)

(Trial 1acid concentration + Trial 2 acid concentration + Trial 3 acid concentration + Trial 4acid concentration ) 4

([0.085] + [0.089] + [0.091] + [0.085] ) 4 = 6.8153 10-5

Conclusion

In this lab, we titrate 0.1 M NaOH solution in a Erlenmeyer flask

with 0.01 L HCl from the volumetric pipette. In trial 1 we use 8.5 mL of
NaOH to titrate 0.085 M HCl and for trial 2, it is 8.9 mL NaOH used to
titrate 0.089 M HCl. Next, trial 3 used 9.1 mL NaOH to titrate 0.091 M
HCl then finally 9.9 mL NaOH titrate with 0.099 M HCl.

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