WILDLIFE SURVEY OF RODAINI KACHO AREA

DISTRICT AWARAN

Mohammad Yahya Musakhel

2004 - 2005

Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Department

Uthal.
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CONTENTS

S.No. TOPIC Page#

Executive Summary iv

01 Introduction 01

02 Habitat Type 02

03 Material and Methods 03

04 Group Classification 04

05 Gud and Chin Kara 04

06 Socio-economic condition 05

07 Nature Balance/Threat to Biodiversity 06

08 Suggestions for conservation/recommendations 09

09 Miscellaneous observations/report 11

10 Floristic list of the Rodini Kacho District Awaran 11

11 Faunal list of the Rodini Kacho District Awaran 13

12 Surveyed people

13 Bibliography

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Executive Summary

The area has great potential due to their natural resources. The area esthetically and
ecologically provides unique habitat. The climate is arid subtropical and mostly receive
monsoon shower during summer. The natural vegetation of the area consists of Sub-tropical
thorn forest in the form of dry grass, shrubs and trees Wildlife survey of Rodini Kacho Area was
carried out during the year 2005. The area has an arid climate, but contains many species and
habitats of global biodiversity significance In the present survey; ten species of Trees, Ten
Species of Shrubs and fifteen Species of herbs were observed. Local names, scientific name and
family of each species given.

In the entire area; eighteen species of Mammals, thirty-two species of Avis, twenty six
species of reptiles, three species of Amphibians, four species of scorpion and four species of
Butterflies were seen. Conservation efforts have been limited, and not very effective in much of
the area, though the Government sector and local communities have been effective to some
degrees in this regard. Still due to little resources to undertake conservation activities and lack
of political will, the critical habitats continue to degrade and many species of global importance
have either become extinct or are critically endangered. Although conservation of arid
ecosystems is essential to maintain an ecological balance and conserve biodiversity, these are
generally considered ‘waste’ lands due to their limited productive potential. Therefore the Area
has received very little attention for conservation. Overgrazing, cutting of scanty vegetation for
fuel, indiscriminate hunting and trade in wild species are common practice and have caused
large-scale environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity. If that was not enough, the
recent persistent drought has taken toll of whatever was remaining.

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Introduction

Balochistan is a vast province with flagrant population. More than 80% area comprised of
rangelands, particularly used as an abode of wildlife, chronological vision reflects that such areas
harbor desirable wildlife both in number and variety. Time has brought in the unbelievable
change. The ruthless hunting and poaching in wide spread area has disseminated the wildlife
population near to extinction. Balochistan Black Bear, Asiatic Cheetah, Wild Ass have probably
lost their appearance, and some others are leading precarious existence and are on the verge of
extinction.

Kalat Division has a privilege to accommodate a significant heads of Ibex. Hingol National Park
contain maximum population, next fall the Rodaini Kacho area, as the latest census studies
undertaken in during 13 to 18 April 2005 proclaims. Darun and Tobatte, the other two important
sites/habitats are also part of Kalat.

Rodaini Kacho is an East-West range, with an estimated area of 23, 04,000 Acres. That
encompasses (about 240 sq. km. Rodaini Kacho lies in between Darun and Hingol National Park,
so is in the same geographical and biological region. The area also has historical importance.
Darun that touches the northern aspect has fort like appearance and presents a panoramic view.
The Mughal Empire towards the last period of their domain created watching targets. From these
vital points a considerable territory could be scanned. Some signs of demolished structures were
also observed in Rodaini Kacho area. The Government of Balochistan issued a notification on 4th
March, 1997 and declared the Hingol, Darun and additional area into a single unit as “Hingol
National Park”.

The community of Umrani tribe comprises of seasonal migrant of about 800 population that
roams about the area with their domestic livestock. Camel is a main transportation media. The
area is about 40 Km from the Awaran RCD Highway. South of Jhal Jao ( Tehsil Headquarter).
Ibex main concentration area lies on two days camel back walk off the road. The semi arid
habitat predominantly comprised of loose sandstones extensively broken by gorges and Nullahs
having ups and down. The terrain is most suitable for Ibex. The coastal belt of Arabian Sea is
about 100 Km towards Southern extremity.

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Habitat

The area esthetically and ecologically provides unique habitat. The climate is arid subtropical
and mostly receive monsoon shower during summer. The mean annual rainfall ranges from 150-
200 mm, while the prevailed mean annual temperature is 25C.

The natural vegetation of the area consists of Sub-tropical thorn forest in the form of dry grass,
shrubs and trees. The vegetation was found extremely sparse in the higher reaches. Amongst the
trees Pistacia atlantica, Acacia senagal, Ziziphus jujuba, Phonix dactylifera, Fraxinus
xanthoxyloides, Olea ferruginea, Mimosa hamata, Tamerix indica, T. Salvedora, Acacia
jacquemontii and Dalbergia sissoo were of common sight. The shrubs were commonly
represented by Nannorophs ritchiana, Periploca aphylla, Lycium rultienicum, Grevia tenax,
Prunus eburana, Arnebia fimbriopetala, Pteropyrum olivieri, Nerium oleander, Stockcia
brohivica, Mimosa hamata, Capparis, Euphorbia, Rhazya, prosopis Indigophera and Calotropis
procera. The remnants of few herbs were Commiphora stocksia, C. wighti, Dodonaea viscose,
Ziziphora Sp, Cocculus hirsutus, Capparis deciduas, Prtulaca oleraceae, Rhyncchosia minima
and Salsola drummnondii
Some plants are under identification; Bio, Drongu, Budroe, Shurdu, Borka andDaidar. While the
prominent identified grass species include Lasiurus, Dactyloctaenium and Cymbopogon.

The locality has a diversified habitat with plains, deserts, mountains and water reservoirs. Each
habitat represents an individual ecosystem with a peculiar flora and fauna. Due to diversified
habitat and floristic cover, the prevailing fauna is also unique in nature bearing Chinkara, Gud
(Urial), Sindh Wild Goat and Crocodiles along with numerous species of birds.

The area was hitted by a recorded flood due to torrential rain in 1995 to 2005, while there was
persistant drought during the last seven years. A prominent water stream Bazapi still has the
imprints to indicate the level of water that ranges from 15-25m. This extremely fast current of
water has uprooted strongly hold shrubs and trees. This stream still has tons of scattered
rampantly felled trees and shrubs. Such trees were not exploited on commercial bases with the
fear of destruction of habitat.

The prolonged drought of 7-8 years span has adversely effected the area, mostly the floristic
cover is restricted to the water courses, where scattered rain fed water points, seasonal and
perennial water springs are the source of water for plants and animals and to maintain the
underground water table by recharging it. On the cliffs and slopes the plant cover percentage was
sparingly low. This alarming situation prevails throughout the range. Variation in floristic cover
and other relevant conditions have effected health, weight, and height of animals. At least three
such categories were recognized: Weak, medium and healthy strongly built.

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Material and Methods

To determine the population of wildlife (mostly Ibex) the area was surveyed by spending almost
four days in the field. Due to extreme scarcity of food the animals were seen foraging round the
clock during the day with short intervals. During the observation period, 3 census parties under
the guidance of experienced responsible persons. Most of the animals were found at lower
altitudes as the food was confined to Nullahs with sparsely scattered water points. The
observations were made with the help of 20x50mm binoculars. Some animals were very close
and easily visible as they were not much shy. The weather remained clear during observation
period. In order to avoid double count some visible mark of a group was kept in the mind. As
being gregarious they were found in discrete herds and adhere to their territories.

Group Classification

Three census parties were made under the heads of;

Party 1 Park Manger
Party 2 Project Director
Party 3 Assistant Conservator Wildlife Hingol National Park.

The party first surveyed “Saudi” situated in the North-west of base camp and sited about 42
mammals, amongst them ten were male and twenty were female. The same way party two move
towards “To To nalla” situated in South-west of camp area. They cited eighteen animals, among
them one was male and four were female. The third party surveyed the “ Kaner Kor dadry” area
towards north of the camp and cited 32 animals, among them four male and ten female. The
young ones at survey time were 9-10 months old. The age of males was estimated by the
comparative length of the horns. For convenience males were grouped in to two distinct
categories, those that have attained 04 years or above were trophy sizes. The females were
difficult to classify as to their age groups. For survey, seven camels were hired from local
communities.

A survey carried by WWF- Pakistan of the whole area in February In 2000-2001, and the
findings of the survey reveals that, A total of 637 animals were encountered. We reportedly
covered 1/4th of Ibex abode, so this enumeration is partial the population estimate is more than
3000. The animals were spotted in herds…………. A biggest herd of 150 animals was spotted in
Barri area. This herd also includes two extremely old males, quite passive and reluctant to run.
One person chased them and was in a position to approach them and get hold easily.

In total 347 females were counted, while there were 86 kids so the female/young ratio was 4:1,
which seems to be unsatisfactory. The prolonged drought of three years span may have disturbed
fecundity, since there could be many reasons of low rate of production, another study can reveal
the factual position by counting freshly born young ones.

In routine Ibex can produce 2 young to a litter. No 3 young with 1 female were reported.

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It also depend on the physical condition, if climate is conducive twin births are common other
wise majority produce only one young. At the time of survey it was almost the third month of
pregnancy. So it was hard to clearly identify the pregnant one.

Male/Female ratio is quite satisfactory. In total 347 females were counted while the estimated
males were 220. 21 animals could not be identified. This data show drastic hunting and poaching
rate. As interviewed from the local community members, since last two years they have got
comparatively complete hold on local as well as other hunters mostly from Lasbela and Karachi.

Gud and Chinkara

The area is blessed with some of the rarest and magnificent species of Chinkaras with almost
equal number of Guds (Urial). The sparsely scattered population exists in pocket. The planes and
sub-mountainous area provide habitat to gazelle, the Gud in some localities also share the habitat
with Gazelle in flat planes on the top and easier slopes.

Estimated more than 200 individuals of each species still reportedly exist in the area. Few hours’
observation was made after the accomplishment of Sindh Ibex task. A considerable number of
feacal beds of Chinkara and scattered droppings and footprints of these animals indicated their
occurrence in this wide spread area. In this campaign we could spot 4 females, 3 males and one
lamb of Gud in Murari, Sandh and Durri area. While 02 males and one female Chinkara was
spotted in Murari cross and Bungi area. At least 04 animals could not be identified.

Socio-economic condition

Throughout the locality a group of about 600 human beings exists that belongs to Umrani tribe.
They are nomads so practices seasonal shifting. The main profession is to rear livestock while
farming is practiced on a limited scale. They have rustic background, almost illiterate due to lack
of such facility with in the range of about 70km. Health and communication facility also doesn’t
persist. More than 5% of them are blind others having physical and mental disabilities. Some of
the villagers do have sophisticated weapons to kill the wild animals. Every body claim as a
hunter of hundreds of Ibex and other wild animals.

Hunting is mostly done by Sardars, Landlords, high Government officers, and businessman of
Karachi, Bela and Quetta. Over grazing is not common. We observed quite a few cattle in the
area.

Meeting with the Malik of the area (Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim) head of Umrani tribe is an
eminent elite, and he not agree to give the land for the Park management but latterly he agree to
cooperate and supported park management issues. . He resides at camp Kundi (Sub Tehsil Jhal
Jao). Sardar Sahib was basically a well-known hunter who also used to invite administrative,
political and tribes head to enjoy hunting since 1999. Reportedly 20-30 animals were killed on
every visit. The adjoining Govt. owned National Park area received special attention few years
before to protect the Ibex. This exploitation resulted to motivation of community. They also

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started taking keen interest by strictly watching and put a complete ban on killing. During the
study period we did not spot any hunter or listened a fire.

A meeting with Mr. Abdul Qadus Bazenjo (Minister Live Stock Department Government Of
Balochistan) is a political leader of the area for and he was praised abut the Management of
Hingol National Park .

Nature Balance/Threat to Biodiversity

It is a matter of common observation that people look at nature in different ways. They mostly
react negatively to the idea of wild nature or natural balance. Chronological view reflects that
there was a balanced relationship between prey and predator. The Leopards, Wolf, Cheetah, Fox,
Wild Cat and Jackals remained visible as an integral part of ecosystem. The prevailed ignorance
and illiteracy in the community played havoc to kill most of the animals (mostly predators).
Since long this practice continued. Before the appearance of sophisticated weapons, they use to
kill them by trapping them in traditionally stone build trap. One such trap about 80 years old was
filmed and a local person explained its operation. When the sophisticated weapons become
available this practice discontinued.
People of the area feel proud in killing predators. Few years before a group of hunters from
Lasbela and Karachi stepped in to Jhal Jao and its hinterland, camped in the area for many days
and killed most of the animals including Foxes, Jackals, Hares and Wolves of the area for
commercial purpose to sale out their hides.
The local hunters also have different stories and rationale to ruthlessly kill some selected species.
Four years before Striped Hyena killed five sheep near the Soar village. These were stray sheep
that lost the herd. The effectee killed almost every Hyena he spotted in the area.
Just last year at least 6 crocodiles were killed with the blame to have killed two goats near the
water point. Their skin and skulls were sold at Lasbela on a nominal price of Rs.500 each.
In this way the local community thought that the predators are vulnerable to domestic livestock,
as their stray cattle were prone to the killing by predators. In order to overcome this problematic
situation they almost killed every category of predator so that their stray cattle can freely stay in
wild state even for months.

Suggestions for conservation/recommendations

A remarkable aspect of the area is that with few exceptions the overall biodiversity position is
satisfactory. At least at present moment the Flora and Fauna is enjoying full protection. During
the study period no incidence of habitat destruction or animal hunting was encountered. The
number of domestic livestock including goats, sheep and cattle is negligible due to limited
human population. No doubt the pathetic environment conditions are quite satisfactory. In order
to made this effort more effective and sustainable following recommendations need to be
implemented:

1. It was observed that though the prolonged drought has significant impact on the area but still
the habitat is adequate for most of the species and where inadequate has sufficient potential

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to recope/improve itself. The wildlife population is more prone to direct killing than probably
due to shortage of food.
To promote conservation/to protect these treasures it is inevitable to achieve environmentally
sustainable levels by educating the masses. They are almost illiterate due to lack of formal
education facility in the area. Though they have inherent wisdom and perceive the idea sharply
yet on some points they have their own reservations particularly as they are afraid of predators
impact on a livestock. There is need to develop perceptive and supportive culture through formal
and non-formal education.

2. A most noticeable identified problem was the provision of jeepable kacha track, which
inevitably also attract crowds that have positive as well as negative impact. But it is
immensely burdensome and pains taking task to fetch daily commodities from 80km away
from Jhal Jao town. It is a two days camel back journey.

The latest survey indicates considerable number of trophies in the area. Their hunting could
provide a sustainable resource for the resolution of immediate problem.

1. To control the illicit practice of hunting the entry points must be carefully watched.
The defaulters should be dealt with strictly by imposing heavy fines and confiscation
of arms.
2. The Malik of area should remain in touch with senior civil administrators and seek
their cooperation in dealing with the lawbreakers.
3. For their survival the inhabitants of the area rear livestock and cultivate some crops.
Their rights of grazing must be honored but restricted to certain areas. This restriction
should be based on sound rationale. For this purpose a need assessment survey is
needed.
4. The wastage of water was reported due to absence of check or delay action dams. For
recharging the water table the construction of small dams will prove fruitful.
5. This is an overdue task to study the distribution, status and management of different
species including Sindh Ibex, Chinkara, Gud, Cheetah, wild Ass and crocodile. The
last three species are of extreme importance in order to discover the surviving
population. These surveys should also include the evaluation of habitat and general
information of the incidence of poaching.
6. The team is willing to undertake a project to involve the community to protect the
area in lieu of some welfare work for the community.
7. Money is a blood stream of every activity, the WWF-Pakistan Scientific Committee
is requested to earmark some funds in a first phase to visit the area to write a pre-
feasibility report for the preservation of locality and then work for sustainable
development of the area.

Miscellaneous observations/report

Although emphasis was on large animals some birds and reptiles were also recorded. Due to
winter, most of the reptiles were in hibernation condition. Mountain viper, Horned viper, Krait
and Cobra were reported. Some species of lizards including crocodile persists in the area since
long. At least 20 crocodiles still reportedly exist.

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Many villagers supported the occurrence of Wild Ass. One villager last year wounded wild Ass
when 3 of them entered in his field (Imam Bail) in Kuphalo area West of Awaran.
There are reasons to believe that Leopard and Cheetah may also exist. The Gazelle is an
indicator species of Cheetah. The local community has keen observation on almost all categories
of wildlife. Most of them can easily recognize the animals by their footprints. The footprints
(Pugmarks) of Cheetah were seen last year while a live Leopard was spotted 3 years before. At
least three of them were taken away by a flood of 1994 when they get trapped in a gorge.

Among the birds Sessee Partridge was of common sight, Golden Eagle, Raven Crow, Purple Sun
Bird, White head Chat are also found.

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Floristic list of the Rodini Kacho District Awaran Balochistan

Table 1 Trees

S. No Scientific Name Local Name Family

1 Pistacia atlantica Kasoor Anacardiaceae
2 Acacia senagal Kore Mimosaceae
3 Ziziphus jujuba Kunar Rhamnaceae
4 Phonix dactylifera Mach Aricaceae
5 Fraxinus xanthoxyloides Shishar Oleaceae
6 Olea ferruginea Kato Oleaceae
7 Mimosa hamata Kandi Mimosaceae
8 Tamerix indica Ghaz Tamerixaceae
9 Acacia jacquemontii Chigrid Mimosaceae
10 Dalbergia sissoo Tali Fabaceae

Table 2 Shrub

S. No Scientific Name Local Name Family

11 Nannorophs ritchiana Mazri Aricaceae
12 Periploca aphylla Gishter Asclepiadaceae
13 Lycium rultienicum Jarick Solanaceae
14 Grevia tenax Gwazgi Tiliaceae
15 Prunus eburana Jogar Rosaceae
16 Arnebia fimbriopetala Kaneer Boraginaceae
17 Pteropyrum olivieri Karwankush Polygonaceae
18 Nerium oleander Joor Apocynaceae
19 Stockcia brohivica Kotor Sapindaceae
20 Mimosa hamata Kandi Mimosaceae

Table 3 Herbs

S. No Scientific Name Local Name Family

21 Commiphora stocksia Google Burseraceae
22 C. wightii Google Burseraceae
23 Dodonaea viscosa Anatrick Sapindaceae

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24 Ziziphora Sp Phurak Lamiaceae

25 Cocculus hirsutus Zaamore Menispermaceae
26 Capparis decidua Kalore Capparaceae
27 Prtulaca oleraceae Shordeo Portulacaceae
28 Rhyncchosia minima Airshak Fabaceae
29 Salsola drummnondii Hashuk Chenopodiaceae
30 Bio
31 Drongu
32 Budroe
33 Shurdu
34 Borka
35 Daidar

Faunal List of Rodini Kacho

Table 4: List of Mammals

S# Local Name Scientific Name in Parenthesis

1 Pachin Ibex
2 Buz Female Ibex
3 Gurand Urial
4 Maish Female Urial
5 Ask Chinkara Gazelle
6 Gor-Khar (Reported) Wild Ass
7 Younz (Reported) Asiatic Cheetah
8 Kaftar (Reported) Striped Hyena
9 Tola Jackal
10 Showk Fox
11 Pulang (Reported) Common Leopard
12 Dajuk Hedgehog
13 Hidrik Squiral
14 Dadi – Shak Rat
15 Sainkoor Indian Crested Parcopine
16 Nor Mangoose
17 Pulang Pishi Wild Cat
18 Gurg Grey Wolf

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Table 5: List of Birds found in the area:

S# Local Name Scientific Name

1 Fairozag Murgh
2 Batoo
3 Pain Dorr
4 Karook
5 Jirki
6 Maish Murgh
7 Topi Murgh
8 Murgh-e-Sulaiman Hoopoe
9 Boora Wood Pecker
10 Kalagh Raven
11 Karkaz Vulture
12 Jawar
13 Kark Murgh Purple Sun Bird
14 Koli Wah White Cheeked Bulbul
15 Gaisar
16 Kang-gash
17 Kating-gar Sand grouse
18 Si-su Sissi Partridge
19 Dandi Egret
20 Ti-Ti Red wetteled Lapwing
21 Kankoor Crane
22 Sai Par
23 Charz Houbara bustered
24 Shantool Laughing Dove
25 Koko
26 Chahi
27 Baro Common Quail
28 Boom Owl
29 Akob Owl
30 Gothoo
31 Sagarook Purple Moor Hen
32 Banz Felcon
a. Shah
een
b. Bara
in
c. Char
k

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Table 6: Reptiles reported from the area:

S# Local Name Scientific Name

A SNAKES:
1 Shahi Ghar Horned Viper
2 Ghar Mountain Viper
3 Gwand Saw Scaled Viper
a. Sia Gwand
b. Dastoo Gwand
4 Mangal Mar
5 Hatlo
6 Soor Mar
7 Sia Mar Black Cobra
8 Domb
9 Ushtar Mar
10 Daraj Mar
11 Teer Mar
12 Langar Pursh
13 Doosarai Gwand
14 Hadair
15 Shahi Mar
B LIZARDS:
1 Ghar Kulairr Agama species
2 Shor Kulairr Agama species
3 Pabii
4 Dadoo Kulairr Agama species
5 Koshe
6 Sabz Kulairr Agama pecies
7 Kor Karr
8 Koon Toruk
9 Bali Koh
10 Gohj Varanus species
11 Litko Kulairr
C CROCODILE:
Crocodile Gondo

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Amphibians

Three species of frogs/Toads reported from the area:

1. Sia Pughut
2. Khaki Pughut
3. Sor Lakir Wala Pughut

Scorpions

Four species of scorpions reported from the area:

1. Sia zoom
2. Zard zoom
3. Nozda Bog
4. Platoo

Butterflies

Four species of butterflies reported from the area:

1. Kirri Pirok
2. Zard Pirok
3. Sorain Pirok
4. Sabz Pirok

Freshwater Crab was recorded but unidentified. Crab is locally known as “KALKOLO”

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Surveyed People

S. No Name Designation

1 Mr. Manzor Ahmed Project Director, Hingol National Park

2 Mr. Abdul Jabbar Project Manger, Hingol National Park

3 Mr. Sharifuddin Assistant Conservator Wildlife,

4 Mr. Saduddin Khan Divisional Forest Officer

5 Mr. Abdul Rehman Deputy Ranger

6 Mr. Gohar Khan Deputy ranger

7 Mr.Sher Jan Deputy Ranger

8 Mr. Badu Game Watcher

9 Mr.Shadu Game Watcher

10 Mr. Ali Bakhsh Game Watcher

11 Mr.Daru Game Watcher

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Karachi, Pakistan.
2. Burkill, I. H. 1969: A working list of the flowering plants of Balochistan, Printed at
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Haidar Abad, Pakistan.
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11. Birds of the Indian Subcontinent, 1998 (Richard Grimmett, Carol Inskipp and Tim
Inskipp)
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Subcontinent,
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Balochistan,

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