American Journal of Engineering, Technology and Society

2015; 2(4): 67-76

Published online May 30, 2015 (http://www.openscienceonline.com/journal/ajets)

Reflection of Truck Loads Distribution Methods on

the Truck Wheels Reaction Forces
Nagwa A. Abdel-halim
Automotive Engineering department, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

Email address
nagwaibrahim2006@yahoo.co.uk

To cite this article

Nagwa A. Abdel-halim. Reflection of Truck Loads Distribution Methods on the Truck Wheels Reaction Forces. American Journal of
Engineering, Technology and Society. Vol. 2, No. 4, 2015, pp. 67-76.

Abstract
Automobile chassis is an important part located between the vehicle loads and its wheels. This article gives a calculation
technique of the reaction forces on the wheels for the vehicles which have more than two axles in static steady case. The paper
takes the refection of the ways of distributing the loads on the wheel reaction forces values. The study has two groups; the first
group has four models of the chassis analysis deference the concentrated points of goods-load distribution. The second group has
three models of the chassis analysis differentiation the truck supporting places. The paper reviews the most important research
works which have been published in the years period (2005-2015).The results of reading this paper will give the researcher
summary of a recent technique in the field of calculate the vehicle wheels reaction forces. These calculations are related to the
values of the trucks loads and their places using their forces, moments (Clapeyrons theorem of three moments) equilibrium
equations analysis and MATLAB package.

Keywords
Chassis, Heavy FS52J-8x4, Truck, Truck Suspension

collected from the truck manufacture sheets [6]. The truck

1. Introduction
Automotive chassis provides main structure to the vehicle
laden components placed on it. The ladder chassis is the
common type for trucks. It consists of two side rails attached
with a number of series of cross members. The cross section
area of the chassis rail and the cross members may be channel,
box, or I-shape. Studies have been done to investigate the
strength and the stiffness of the design of the ladder chassis as
two important criteria. The studies were focused on the two
axle truck chassis [1 and 5].
This paper presents the calculations for the axles reaction
forces of trucks with more than two axles. The study
considered the distributed load place and the mounting
locations of the suspension system. Many researchers in the
automotive industries can use this study for other trucks
suspension systems and it will be easy to study the important
criterions of the ladder chassis design.
In this article; a Mitsubishi FUSO truck chassis, model
S52JS4RFAB was studied as a case study from the view point
of the vehicle components and goods places and their effect on
the reaction forces of the truck wheels. The truck data was
picture was converted to a beam, supporting on the truck
wheels support points [1].
Two groups of the truck beam models were investigated.
The first group of models, studies the goods concentration
places on the chassis, with considering the wheels of the truck
as supporting points. The second group, studies the goods
concentration places on the chassis, with considering the
mounting locations of the suspension system as supporting
points.
In this paper; many theorems were applied on each model
alone to give a number of equilibrium equations equal to the
number of the truck reaction forces [7]. Then, the equilibrium
equations were organized in form of the [A]*[R] = [W]
matrices. However, [A] is the constant matrix, [R] is the
reaction matrix, and [W] is the weights or loads matrix. The
values of these matrices are changed through the seven truck
models. Matrices [A] and [W] are known but matrix [R]s
components values are unknown. A made computer program
using the MATLAB package computed these values. Finally,
the suitable way of loads concentrated points for the vehicle
components and the distributed goods and also the vehicle
wheels support points could be defined.
68 Nagwa A. Abdel-halim: Reflection of Truck Loads Distribution Methods on the Truck Wheels Reaction Forces

2. Truck Specification [6, 8, 9] Table 1. The Truck Dimensions by (mm).

Place Symbol Name Dimension (mm)

The truck chassis dimensions for this case study were
Length A Overall 10140
recorded in Table1 by mm. Follow that its picture is viewed in B Extreme Axle Spacing 6530
Fig1. The truck ladder chassis is consisted of two reinforced C Front Overhang 1370
parallel channel rails and has seven cross members along the D Wheelbase 5870
two side rails. Table2 represents the loads of the truck laden E Front Axle Spacing 1860
F Rear Axle Spacing 1320
components values. The trucks laden components places on
G Front Axle to Rear of Cab 770
the cross members are shown on the basic Fig2. Table3 Rear of Cab to Trailer
contains: type and capacity or size of truck axles and H 126
Valve
suspensions which are used to define the reaction support I
Frame, Trailer Valve to
4974
places for some models. For all models of this study; the Rear Axle
J Frame, Rear Axle to End 2900
distributed goods-load length is 7860 mm. The distributed
Height N Overall 3240
weight for each side is 0.6925 Kg/mm. This distributed load O Air Intake to Cab Roof 360
was loaded on definite points and these points were changed P Cab to Ground 2880
from one model to the other. Q Cab to Frame 1900
R Rear Frame to Ground 1060
--- Ground Clearance 215

Fig 1. Case Study Truck Layout [6].

Fig 2. One Side of the Basic Truck Chassis Beam Model with the Loads Values and Their Places

Table 2. Loads of Truck Laden Components.

Table 3. Type and Capacity or Size of Truck Axles and Suspensions.
Component Name Weight (N) for one side of chassis
Distributed Goods Load 53395.83 Definition Type Capacity or Size
Truck, Engine, & Clutch 39208.315
Transmission 2526.075 Front Axle 2xReverse Elliot I Beam 13000Kg (6500 Kg each)
Chassis 1895.585
Full Floating Hypoid,
Air Cylinders 1471.5 Rear Axle 21600 Kg
Tandem drive
Fuel Cylinders 981 Front
Spare Wheel 245.25 Long Taper Leaf 1650x90 mm leaves
Suspension
Differential (1) 245.25 Rear
Differential (2) 245.25 Long Taper Leaf 1320 x90 mm leaves
Suspension
Summation () 100214.055
 American Journal of Engineering, Technology and Society 2015; 2(4): 67-76 69

3. Basic Truck Chassis Beam Model 3.1.2 Reaction Forces for Model Two
The goods-load was divided into two loads; the first (wc1)
The basic beam model for the truck chassis is represented in was loaded between the front wheels in the middle of the (c)
Fig2. It has four support points which simulate the truck distance of Fig2. (Appendix1). The second (wc2) was
wheels; two support points for the front wheels and the other concentrated in the middle of the span between the second
two for the rear wheels. Also, the basic weights (Loads) and front truck axle (RB) and the end point of the truck as shown in
their places of the trucks parts for one side of the chassis are Fig4. (Appendix1). The distances and loads were taken from
documented in Table4 and Table5 respectively. Table6 and Table7 (Appendix2). The results of Eq. (7) were
Table 4. Loads Names and Their values on One Side of the Truck Chassis
registered under model two of Table9 (Appendix2). Fig4(a).
(Appendix1) shows the required bending moments for
Load Names Values (N) Equations (5 and 6) [7].
w1 39208.3 Secondly; four equations equal to the number of the
w2 2526.1 supports for the basic model were taken as: a) W = R
w3 981 (summation weights = summation resistances), b) MA = 0
w4 1471.5
(summation moments around A), c) MC=fixing moment at
w5 1895.5
support point C, d) MD=fixing moment at support point D.
w6 245.5
Thirdly; the results of the second step were put into matrices
w7 245.5
w8 245.5
form: [A][R]=[W]. Finally; this equation was solved by a
computer program using MATLAB package to compute the
Table 5. Distances Names and Their Values of the Basic Model. four supports reaction forces. Table6 and Table7 (Appendix2)
have the values of distances and loads respectively which are
Distances a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 different from the values of the basic model.
Values (mm) 1370 100 980 780 1450 267 123 Step 4); the four Equations (a: d) in the section (3.1) were
Distances a8 a9 a10 l1 l2 l3 l4
applied and gave matrices Eq. (4). Step 5); the MATLAB
Values (mm) 1510 1810 430 1860 3350 1320 2240
software was used to compute the four supports reaction
Distances c d
---------------------------------------- forces RA, RB, RC, and RD which are written in Table10
Values (mm) 950 7860
(Appendix2).
3.1. Group One: According to the MAl1+2MB (l1+l2) +MCl2= - ((6r1*x-1/l1) + (6r2*x-2/l2)) (1)
Concentrated Place of the Distributed
Goods-load [7] MBl2+2MC (l2+l3) +MDl3 = - (6r2*x-2/l2) (2)
10420 3350 MB 96274506840
3350 9340 MC 9040902084
The first group of models is agreeing with the basic model = (3)

1 1 1 1 RA 100214.74
except the concentration position of the distributed goods-load.

0 1860 5210 6530 RB 285538491.7

For the four models of this group; the calculation for the four

1 0 0 0 RC 32733.85
reactions forces of the truck wheels required many steps.
= (4)
0 1 0 0 RD 27954.14
Firstly; Clapeyrons theorem of three moments was applied
twice, one between ABC span and the other between BCD
span (the three moments equation may also be found out by
Mohrs second theorem) which are shown through Fig 3:6. The mathematical processes for model one - group one
(Appendix1), and then the fixing moments at support points were repeated on model two using Equations (5:8). Their
(B and C) could be calculated by using the moments values of results were documented under the column for model 2 in
Table8 (Appendix2). Table10 (Appendix2).

3.1.1. Reaction Forces for Model One MAl1+2MB (l1+l2) +MCl2= - ((6r3*x-3/l1) + (6r4*x-4/l2)) (5)
In this model; the goods-load (wc) was concentrated in the - -
MBl2+2MC (l2+l3) +MDl3= - ((6r4*x 4/l2) + (6r5*x 5/l3)) (6)
10420 3350 MB 74289276980
=
middle of the span length of its distribution length as shown in

3350 9340 MC 24376047910

Fig3. (Appendix1). The distance a8 was divided to aa8 and ab8 (7)

1 1 1 1 RA 100214.74
distances. The steps to calculate the supports reaction forces

0 1860 5210 6530 RB 285541106.5

were: 1) Clapeyrons theorem of three moments for ABC and

= (8)
1860 0 0 0 RC 66932184.73
BCD spans respectively were used to give Equations (1 and 2)

5210 3350 0 0 RD 242554583.6

[7]. 2) Equations. (1 and 2) were solved by using the data for
Table6, Table7 and Table8 (Appendix2) and gave matrices Eq.
(3). Step 3); Eq. (3) was solved to give the moments MB, and
MC of model one in Table9 (Appendix2). The bending 3.1.3 Reaction Forces for Model Three
moments at all the points on Fig 3(a). (Appendix1) were In this model; the goods-load was divided to three parts.
calculated from Clapeyrons theorem and the equations of The first one was loaded between the front wheels on the
model one in Table8 (Appendix2). middle of the loaded part. The second part was concentrated
70 Nagwa A. Abdel-halim: Reflection of Truck Loads Distribution Methods on the Truck Wheels Reaction Forces

on the middle of the wheelbase between the front wheels
and the rear wheels. The third part was pointed on the
middle of the whole distance between the rear wheels and
the end point of the truck. Fig5. (Appendix1) shows model
three - group one of the truck chassis. Fig 5(a). (Appendix1)
contains its bending moments which were used in
Equations (9 and 10) [7]. In this section; the same steps for
the two sections (3.1.1 and 3.1.2) were repeated to this
model, from that the difference in data was summarized in
Table6, Table7 and Table8 (Appendix2). The results of the
mathematical processes have given an Eq. (11). Also; the
mathematical processes were repeated to model three and
resulted matrices Eq. (12). This equation was solved by the
computer program to give the supports reaction forces of
model 3 in Table10 (Appendix2).
MAl1+2MB (l1+l2) +MCl2= - ((6r3*x-3/l1) + (6r6*x-6/l2)) (9)
MBl2+2MC (l2+l3) +MDl3= - (6r6*x-6/l2)
10420 3350 MB 97100790780
3.2. Truck Chassis Models According to the
Place of the Support Points [7, 10, and
11]
3.2.1. Reaction Forces for Model One
Fig7. (Appendix3) illustrates two front axles and a tandem
rear axle. All the loads were supported on three points; two
points simulate the front axles and one simulates the rear
tandem axle. All the loads were pointed in the same places as
shown in Fig6. (Appendix1) except for the distributed load;
however, it was concentrated on three places. The first one
was loaded on the middle of the distributed load length
between the front axles; the second was loaded on the middle
of the length between the second-front axle and the tandem
axle; and the third was put on the middle length between the
tandem reaction point and the end point of the truck chassis.
The fixing moment value at support B was calculated from Eq.
(17) [7], and the summarized data were filled for model (1) in
(10)
Table13 (Appendix4). The summation forces were equaled by

3350 9340 MC 41209034070

= (11)
1 1 1 1 RA 100215
0 1860 5210 6530 RB 285541071
1860 0 0 0 RC 65112574
= (12)
3350 3350 0 0 RD 279512529
3.1.4 Reaction Forces for Model Four
The goods-load was divided into four parts; the first one
was put between the front wheels on the middle of the
loaded part (c) same as models two and three. The second
part was concentrated on the middle of the span between
the front wheels and the rear wheels. The third part was
loaded between the rear wheels on the middle of (l3). The
fourth part was loaded on the middle of all distance from
the rear wheels to the end point of the truck. Fig6.
(Appendix1) shows the fourth model of the truck; and
Fig6(a). (Appendix1) represents the bending moments of
the truck loads. However, they were important for
Equations (13 and 14) [7]. All the fourth model distances,
forces, and moments which werent included in the above
tables were put in Table6, Table7, Table8, and Table9
(Appendix2). It also includes the moments MB and MC
which were resulted from equation (15). The mathematical
processes for model one was repeated to this model and
resulted matrices equation (16). The MATLAB program
computed the supports reaction forces for model 4 which
have been written in Table10 (Appendix2).
MAl1+2MB (l1+l2) +MCl2= - ((6r3*x-3/l1)+(6r6*x-6/l2)) (13or9)
- -
MBl2+2MC (l2+l3) +MDl3= - ((6r6*x 6/l2) + (6r7*x 7/l3)) (14)
summation reactions (W = R) and summation moments
around point A were taken and equaled by zero (MA=0) and
summation moments around support point C were equaled by
the fixing moment at the same support (MC=Fixing moment
at support C). These processes have given three equations.
The equations were formed as a Matrices Eq. (18). Then, the
result of the designed MATLAB program gave the values of
the three support reaction forces RA, RB, and RC The reaction
forces were summarized for model 1 in Table 14 (Appendix4).
MAl1 + 2 MB (l1+l2+la3) + MC (l2+la3) = - ((6r3*x-3/l1) + (6r8*x-8/
(l2+la3)) (17)
1 1 1 RA 100214.74
0 RB = 312483751
5870 4010
1860 0 0 RC 65755999
(18)
3.2.2. Reaction Forces for Model Two
This model has five support points as illustrated in Fig8.
(Appendix3). These five points carry all the loads. Four
reaction forces of the five simulate the connection points
between the truck chassis and the front axels suspensions (leaf
springs). The fifth reaction force represents the connection
point between the rear tandem axle and the chassis. The loads
were pointed in the same places as shown in Fig1. (Appendix1)
except for the distributed load which was concentrated on four
places. Each one of the first three loads (wt1, wt2, and wt3) was
pointed on the middle of the concentrated part between the
three couples of the support points (RA2-RB1, RB1-RB2, and
RB2-RC respectively). The fourth load (wsc3) was loaded on the
middle length between the tandem reaction point and the end

10420 3350 MB 97100790780

point of the truck chassis. Firstly; Clapeyrons theorem of

3350 9340 MC 49374476190

= (15) three moments was applied three times on; A1A2B1, A2B1B2,

1 1 1 1 RA 100215
and B1B2C spans respectively to give Equations (19:21) [7].

0 1860 5210 6530 RB 285541114

The solution of these three equations used the contents of

1860 0 0 0 RC 65430276
Table11, Table12, and Table13 (Appendix4) then is resulted
= (16)
3350 3350 0 0 RD 275730693
Eq. (22). A computer program was made to solve Eq. (22).
This resulted the fixing moments at A2, B1, and B2 support
 American Journal of Engineering, Technology and Society 2015; 2(4): 67-76 71

points. Secondly; five equations equal to the support points
were resulted from: a) W = R, b) MA1 = 0, c) MA2 =
fixing moment at support point A2, d) MB1 = fixing moment
at support point B1, and e) MC=fixing moment at support
point C. Thirdly; the results of the second step were put into
matrices form [A] [R] = [W] as shown in Eq. (23). Finally; this
equation was solved by the designed program using MATLAB
package. Then the five supports reaction forces RA1, RA2, RB1,
RB2, and RC were resulted and written for model two in
Table14 (Appendix4).
MA1c1+2MA2(c1+c2)+MB1c2=-6((r8*x-8/c1)+(r9*x-9/c2))
MA2c2+2MB1(c2+c3)+MB2c3=-6((r9*x-9/c2)+(r10*x-10/c3))
- -
MB1c3+2MB2 (c3+c4)+MC(c4)=-6((r10*x 10/l3)+(r11*x 11/c4))
3720 210 0 MA2 41461896740
points for the front axles suspension connection points with
the truck chassis and two support points for the rear axles. So,
the components of the truck and the loads were supported on
six points. The basic loads were pointed on the same places as
shown in Fig 1. (Appendix1), except for the distributed load
which was concentrated on five points. The first three points
were represented in the same place as model two of group two.
The fourth point was plotted on the middle of the length
between the rear axles supporting points. The fifth point was
drawn on the middle of all distance from the rear wheels to the
end point of the truck. Clapeyrons theorem of three moments
(19) was applied four times on; A1A2B1, A2B1B2, B1B2C, and
B2CD spans respectively to give Equations (24:27) [7]. The
(20) solution of these four equations and the contents of Table 11,
Table12, and Table13 (Appendix4), is resulted Eq. (28). This
(21)
equation was solved by the computer program and resulted the

210 3720 1650 MB1 = 15173193540

fixing moments at A2, B1, B2, and C support points. The same

0 1650 9670 MB2 18777293700

(22) five equations which were applied for model two group two
were repeated for this model. With the addition of an equation
1 1 1 1 1 RA1 100214.74
0 1650 1860 3510 6695 RA2 368227941
containing the equalization of the summation moments around

1650 0 0 0 0 RB1 = 17544324

support point D and the fixing moment at the same point

1860 210 0 0 0 RB2 32017662

(23) (MD=fixing moment at support point D). These processes
3510 1860 1650 0 0 RC 118848612
resulted matrices Eq. (29). The software program was used to
calculate the supports reaction values as mentioned for model
3.2.3. Reaction Forces for Model Three (3) in Table14 (Appendix4).
Fig 9. (Appendix3) illustrates six support points: four
MA1c1+2MA2 (c1+c2) +MB1c2 = - 6 ((r8*x-8/c1) + (r9*x-9/ c2)) (24) or (19)
MA2c2+2MB1 (c2+c3) +MB2c3 = - 6 ((r9*x-9/c2) + (r10*x-10/c3)) (25) or (20)
MB1c3+2MB2 (c3+c5) + MC (c5) =-6((r10*x-10/c3)+(r12*x-12/ (c5)) (26)
MB2c5+2MC (c5+l3) + MD(l3)=-6 ((r12*x-12/c5) + (r13*x-13/ (l3)) (27)
3720 210 0 0 MA2 41461896740
210 3720 1650 0 MB1 15173193540
=
0 1650 8350 2525MB2 63044858130
(28)
0 0 2525 7690 MC 36932663740
1 1 1 1 1 1 RA1 100214.74
0 1650 1860 3510 6035 7355 RA2 368236998
1650 0 0 0 0 0 RB1 17310864
=
1860 210 0 0 0 0 RB2 36201060
(29)
3510 1860 1650 0 0 0 RC 109447009.5

6035 4385 4175 2525 0 0 RD 275522295

reaction loads for all models of group one and model one of
4. Summary for Models Results group two have positive values. While model two and three of
In this article a two group models of the truck chassis were this group of models gave positive results for all support
treated as a supported beam. The beam loads were coming points, except for support point B1 where the value of the
from the weight of the truck components (engine, result was negative.
transmission, clutch, spare wheels, and goods.etc.). The
support reaction loads of the axles for all our study models 5. Conclusion
were coming through the tyres support points with the road
except the first model of the second group of models were Simulate the truck chassis as a beam with study the
distributed through the leaf spring hangers for the front axles effecting of the places of loads are clearing that the method of
and were plotted through the connection tandem point of the concentrating the distributed goods-load has a big effect on the
rear axle with the chassis [1, 10]. reaction forces values as noticed at support point C for all our
For practical calculations, it was noticed that the supports paper models.
72 Nagwa A. Abdel-halim: Reflection of Truck Loads Distribution Methods on the Truck Wheels Reaction Forces

From this study it can be concluded that the models which
has some negative results should be omitted, by other words:
these were not suitable distribution ways for the goods-load.
The conclusion for this article is that the most suitable
distribution way of goods-load is as model one of group two.
Nomenclature
r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6.etc summation area of
bending moments for all the models as example:
r1 Summation area of bending moments M1, M2 (moments
between AB for model one group one).
r2 Summation area of bending moments M3, M4, M5, Mwc
(moments between BC for model one group one).
x-1, x-2, x-3, x-4, x-5, x-6, .etc distance of centre of gravity
for each cross bonding bending moment for all the models for
example:
x-1, Distance of centre of gravity for each bending moment
of r1 from point A.
x-2, Distance of centre of gravity for each bending moment
of r2 from point C.
Appendix 1
It constant the figures for the models of group one of
models.

w6 w7
A B C D

w4
RA RB w5 wc RC RD w8
w1 w2 w3
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 aa8 ab8 a9 a10
a8
l1 l2 l3 l4

Fig 3. The Truck Goods-load is plotted in the Middle of its Distribution Length with Four Reaction Forces.

Mwc

M1
+
MC
M5
+ M2 M4
M3 +
+ + +
+

A B C D
MB MD=M8

Fig 3(a). The Truck Chassis Bending Moment Diagram Model One-Group One.

w6 w7
A B C D

wc1 w4 RC
RA w2 RB RD w8
w5
w3
w1 aa4 ab4 wc2
l3a l3b
a2 a9 a10
a1 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8

l1 l2 l3 l4

Fig 4. The Truck Goods-load is concentrated on Two Points with Four Reaction Forces.
 American Journal of Engineering, Technology and Society 2015; 2(4): 67-76 73

M1
Mwc1 Mwc2
M5
+
M2 M4
M3 +
+ + +
+ +
__
C D
A B
MC
MD=M8

MB

Fig 4(a). Truck Chassis Bending Moment Diagram Model Two - Group One.

aa6 ab6 w6 w7
A B C D

w2 wc1 w4 RC
RA RB RD wC3
w3 w5 w8
w1 aa4 ab4
wcc2 aa9 ab9
a1 a2 a3 a5 a6 a7 a8
a4
a9 a10
l1 l2 l3 l4

Fig 5. The Truck Goods-load was collected on Three Points with Four Reaction Forces.

Mwcc2
M1 +
Mwc1 M5
+ M2
M4
+ M3 + +
+ + C D

A
B MC

MB
MD

Fig 5(a). Truck Chassis Bending Moment Diagram for Model Three - Group One.

aa6 ab6 w6 w7
A B C D

w4
RA w2 wc1 RB RC wCC3 RD wC4 w8
w5
w1 aa4 ab4 w3
wcc2 ac9 ad9
a1 a2 a3 a5 a 6 a7 a8 la3 la3
a4 a10
a9
l1 l2 l3 l4

Fig 6. The Truck Goods-load is put on Four Points with Four Reaction Forces.
74 Nagwa A. Abdel-halim: Reflection of Truck Loads Distribution Methods on the Truck Wheels Reaction Forces

Mwcc2
M1 Mwcc3
Mwc1 M5
+
+ M2 M3 M4 +
+ + +
+ +

A B C D
MC
MB
MD
Fig 6(a). Truck Chassis Bending Moment Diagram for Model Four-Group One.

moments (names, equations and values), moments for models

Appendix 2 of group one, Supports reaction names and values for models
Appendix 2 includes: distances and forces which represent of the first group of model.
on the figures of group one of models, truck chassis basic
Table 6. Distances name and value.

Name Value (mm) Name Value (mm) Name Value (mm) Name Value (mm)
aa8 1140 l3a 105 ab6 42 la3 660
ab8 370 l3b 1215 aa9 460 ac9 1120
aa4 305 aa6 225 ab9 1350 ad9 690
ab4 475

Table 7. Forces name and value.

Name Value (N) Name Value (N) Name Value (N)

wc 53395.8 wcc2 22758 wc4 15217.3
wc1 6453.8 wc3 24184.6
wc2 46942.6 wcc3 8967.3

Table 8. Truck Chassis Basic Moments (Names, Equations and Values).

Value Value
Name Equation Name Equation
(N mm) (N mm)
M1 w1a2(a3+a4)/l1 17574391 M4 w4(a5+a6)(a7+a8)/l2 806763
M2 w2(a2+a3)a4/l1 1572077 M5 w5(l2-a8)(a8)/l2 1144079
M3 w3a5(l2-a5)/l2 1231606 M8 w8a9 -444355

Table 9. Moments for Models of Group One.

Moments (N mm) for Model (1)

Name Equation Value
Mwc [6] wc(l2-ab8)ab8/l2 3000287
MB 1, 2 and 3 -1.009198*107
MC 1, 2 and 3 2.651714*106
Moments (N mm) for Model (2)
Mwc1 wc1(l1-ab4)ab4/l1 2282684.772
Mwc2 wc2l3a*l3b/l3 4536895.602
MB 5, 6 and 7 -7110336.27
MC 5, 6 and 7 -47471.86
Moments (N mm) for Model 3
Mwcc2 wcc2(l2-(a5+aa6))(a5+aa6)/l2 19059825
Mwc3 wc3*aa9 -11124916
MD M8+Mwc3 -11569271
MB 9, 10 and 11 -8929947.07
MC 9, 10 and 11 -1209176.81
Moments (N mm) for Model 4
Mwcc3 wcc3(la3)2/l3 5918418
Mwc4 wc4*ac9 -17043376
MD M8+Mwc4 -17487731
MB 13-15 -8612245
MC 13-15 -4991012
 American Journal of Engineering, Technology and Society 2015; 2(4): 67-76 75

Table 10. Supports Reaction Names and Values for Models of Group One.

Supports Reaction Values (N) for Models

Name
1 2 3 4
RA 32733.85 35985 35007 35177
RB 27954.14 16440 28993 27599
RC 18610.52 43262 3688.4 7777
RD 20916.23 4528 32526 29661

Appendix 3
It constant the figures for the models of group two of models.

A B C

w6 w7
RA w2 wc1 RB w4 RC wsc3
wsc2 w8
w5
w1 aa4 ab4 w3 ae9 af9
ac8 ad8
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 la3 la3 a9 a10

l1 l2 l3 l4

Fig 7. The Truck Goods-load is collected in Three Points with Three Reaction Forces.

b6
A1 A2 B1 B2 C

wt1 wt2 w6 w7
RA2 w2 w4 wsc3 w8
RA1 w1 RB1 wt3 RC
w5
w3
b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b7 b
b88 ae9 af9
b9 ae8 af8
l1
l1 a6 a7 a8 la3 la3 a9
c1 c2 c3 c4 a10 l4

Fig 8. Model Two for Group Models Number Two (Goods-load is pointed on Four Points with Five Reaction Forces).

w6
w7
A1 A2 B1 B2 C D

w2
wt1 wt2 w4 wcc3 wc4
RA1 w1 RA2 RB1 RD w8
b6 RB2 w5 wt4 RC
w3
b3 b9 ac9 ad9
b1 b2 b4 b5 b7 bb8 8 ag8 ah8
l1
l1 a6 a7 a8 la3 la3 a9 a10

c1 C c3 c5 l3 l4

Fig 9. The Truck Goods-load is put on Six Points with Six Reaction Forces.

Appendix 4
Appendix 4 includes: distances and forces which represent on the figures of group two of models, moments for models of
group two, supports reaction names and values for models of the second group of models.

Table 11. Distances name and value of Group Two.

Name Value (mm) Name Value (mm) Name Value (mm) Name Value (mm) Name Value (mm) Name Value (mm)
ac8 165 b1 545 b5 62.5 b9 625 ah8 1262.5 af9 1020
ad8 1345 b2 925 b6 45 ae8 577.5 ag8 247.5 b8 825
ae9 790 b3 725 b7 780 af8 932.5 b4 147.5 ------- -----------
76 Nagwa A. Abdel-halim: Reflection of Truck Loads Distribution Methods on the Truck Wheels Reaction Forces

Table 12. Forces name and value of Group Two.

Name Value (N) Name Value (N) Name Value (N) Name Value (N) Name Value (N) Name Value (N)
wsc2 27242 wsc3 19701 wt1 27242 wt2 19701 wt3 21637 wt4 17153.4

Table 13. Moments for Models of Group Two.

References
Moments (N mm) for Model (1)
Name Equation Value [1] Dr. R. Rajappan and M. Vivekanandhan, Static and Model
M3 w3a5(l2+la3-a5) /(l2+la3) 84237 Analysis of Chassis by Using Fea, the International Journal of
M4 w4(a5+a6)(a7+a8+la3)/(l2+la3) 1445233 Engineering and Science (IJES), Vol. 2, Issue 2, Pages 63-73,
M5 w5(a5+a6+a7)(a8+la3)/(l2+la3) 1887868 February, 2013.
Mwsc2 wsc2(ad8+la3)(a5+a6+a7+ac8) /(l2+la3) 27310105
M6 w6(la3)(l2)/(l2+la3) 135637 [2] Vijaykumar V. Patel and R. I. Patel, Structural analysis of a
MB 17 -8285536.346 ladder chassis frame, World Journal of Science and
MC w7*la3+wsc3*(la3+ae9) +w8*(a9+la3) -28565545 Technology, ISSN: 2231-2587, Pages 05-08, 2(4), April 21,
Moments (N mm) for Model (3) 2012.
MA2 24, 25,26 & 27 -11117636
[3] Nouby M. Ghazaly, Applications of Finite Element Stress
MB1 24, 25,26 & 27 -496625
Analysis of Heavy Truck Chassis: Survey and Recent
MB2 24, 25,26 & 27 -6661238
Development, Journal of Mechanical Design and Vibration,
MC 24, 25,26 & 27 - 2615479
Pages 69-73, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2014.
MD M8+Mwc4 (table 9) -17487731
M3 w3(c5- b9)b9 /c5 461361 [4] Mahvi Malik Shahzad et. al., FINITE ELEMENT Modal
M4 w4(b9+a6)(a7+a8)/c5 878887 ANALYSIS OF 4X2 TRUCK CHASSIS USING USING
M5 w5(a8)(c5-a8)/c5 1150550 Pro/Mechanica, International Journal Of Engineering,
Mt4 wt4(ah8)(c5-ah8)/c5 10828084 Education And Technology (ARDIJEET), ISSN 2320-883X,
Moments (N mm) for Model (2) Pages 1-6, Vol. 3, ISSUE 2, 2015. www.ardigitech.in
M1 w1*b2*b3/(c1) 15935676
Mt1 wt1*b4*b5/(c2) 1195891 [5] Suraj B Patil1, Dinesh G Joshi2 ,STRUCTURAL
M2 w2(c3- b6)* b6/c3 110570 ANALYSIS OF CHASSIS: A REVIEW, International
Mt2 wt3(c3- b8)* b8/ c3 8925263 Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology (IJRET),
M3 w3(c4- b9) b9/ c4 492810 eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308, Pages 293-296, Vol. 04,
M4 w4(b9+a6)( a7+a8+la3)/ c4 944974 Issue 04,2015. www.ijret.org.
M5 w5(a8+la3)(b9+ a6+ a7) /c4 1310811
Mt3 wt3(af8+ la3)(c4- af8- la3) /c4 17228461 [6] Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation, Heavy Duty Fuso
M6 w6(c4-la3) la3/c4 128716 FS52JS4RFAB, Part No. TSH58A, April 2009.
MC w7la3+wsc3(la3+ae9)+w8(a9+la3) -40123300 www.fuso.com.au
MA2 19, 20,21 & 22 -10881476
MB1 19, 20,21 & 22 - 4680023 [7] R. S. Khurmi, Strength of Materials, Chand(s.) & Co Ltd,
MB2 19, 20,21 & 22 2740365 India, March 2005.

[8] Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation, Heavy Duty Fuso
Table 14. Supports Reaction Values for Models of Group Two. FS52SS5VFAA, MIT 2419, December 2011. www.fuso.co.nz
Values (N) for models
Reaction Names [9] Firestone Technical Service, Firestone Medium & Light Truck
(3) (2) (1)
Tire Data Book, U.S.A, March 2012.
RA -------- -------- 35353 www.firestonetrucktires.com
RB -------- -------- 26175
RA1 10491 10633 -------- [10] Robert N. Brady, Heavy-Duty Truck Suspension, Steering,
RA2 79462 58288 -------- and Braking, Systems, Reston Diesel Mechanics Series, April,
RB1 -45562 -16296 -------- 1989.
RB2 21381 5102 --------
RCD ------- 42488 38687 [11] Beth Harrington, Heavy Trucks, MAE, Spring 2009.
RC 4925 -------- --------
RD 29518 -------- --------