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Background
Engine Transmission
Chassis
Engine
(Internal combustion engine)
An engine converts
chemical energy into
work, usually given as
crankshaft torque.
The standard engine
cycle is the 4 stroke
engine
(see animation).
Engine
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the
combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air)
in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the
working fluid flow circuit.
In an internal combustion engine (ICE) the expansion of
the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced
by combustion apply direct force to some component of
the engine.
This force moves the component over a distance,
transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical
energy.
Engine parameters
Important parameters are
power (Pe)
torque/load (Te)
engine speed (Ne)
mean effective pressure (pme = BMEP)
with some useful relations being
Note: Ne is here used for engine speed, in the text book N (without subscript e) is a
constant with a value that depends on engine type (2- or 4-stroke), e.g. see p. 44 and 56
Engine parameters
Also, efficiency can be expressed as
or
Engine modelling
Engine -
performance map and efficiency
Engine model -
Willans approximation
A simple model for engine (and motor) behaviour is
Willans description:
pme e(e) pmf pme0 (e)
e(e) and pme0 (e) can be given in an engine map, see next
slide
Engine -
performance map and efficiency (Willan)
Transmission / Gear-box
The purpose of a gear-box is to transform mechanical power provide
by a power source at a certain speed 1 and torque T1 to a different
speed 2 and torque T2.
With no losses:
1 = 2
T2 = T1
Transmission / Gear-box
Gear-boxes encountered:
Manual gear-boxes
Automatic gear-boxes
Continously varaible transmissions (CVTs)
Gear-boxes
Differential gear
NEDC
But what
cycle to
use?
Depends
on
vehicle!
Or?!?
Same
opti-
mum
?
Transmission / Gear-box
Case study 1
Gear Ratio Optimization
When you go through this, consider
engine (driveability).