rnmacuha Institute of Civil Engineering, University of the Philippines

Outline of Presentation

Introduction
WR Engineering and Allied Fields
Water Resources Sustainability
Importance of Water
No species can live without
water.
Plays a key role in shaping
the earths surface,
moderating climate, removing
and diluting wastes.
Takes huge amount to provide
food, shelter and other needs.
71% of our planet
How Much Water is Available?
71% of earth is water
97.4% of that is in oceans
Most of the remaining 2.6% is in ice caps and glaciers.
Only about 0.014% is easily available fresh water (194,000 km3).
Man and Water
Limited Water Resources

Water for life

Water for food
Water for economy
Water for environment
Global Water Withdrawals & Consumption
Global Water Use
Water Resources Threats
Rapid population growth and aggressive
developments
Water Resources Threats
Domestic, agricultural and industrial waste
disposals
Water Resources Threats
Watershed degradation
Water Resources Threats
Climate change
Water Resources Engineering
branch of civil engineering concerned with
maximizing the social and economic benefit
associated with the worlds water resources while
minimizing the adverse environmental impacts due
to modifications to the natural environment.
Allied Fields
Hydrology ()
Hydro - water; Logy - study of
Study of Water and its properties, distribution, and
effects on the Earths surface, soil, and atmosphere
Hydrologic Cycle
In a global sense, the occurrence, distribution and
movement of water in the natural environment can be
visualized through a cyclic process known as the hydrologic
cycle.
Allied Fields
Hydraulics
branch of science and technology concerned with the
conveyance of liquids through pipes and channels, especially
as a source of mechanical force or control

Fluid Mechanics
the branch of mechanics dealing with the properties of
fluids in various states and with their reaction to forces
acting upon them.
Access to Freshwater
Water stress: low per capita
availability of water due to
increasing population
demands.
Some regions get plenty of water,
but not near where people live
Some regions get plenty of water,
but not at the right time of year
Some regions have no capacity to
store water.
Natural Capital Degradation

A country where
consumption
exceeds more than
20% of available,
renewable supply
is considered
vulnerable to
water stress.

Natural Capital Degradation. Stress on the worlds river basins.

Fact
We live in a world where
approximately 1.1 billion
people lack safe drinking
water, approximately 2.6
billion people lack adequate
sanitation, and between 2
and 5 million people die
annually from water-related
diseases..
 Case Study: Laguna Lake, Philippines
Watershed link. Total watershed area is 2,920 Luzon
Philippines
km2 (largely agricultural and built-up) with over
100 flowing rivers.

Water system link. Laguna Lake is connected to

Manila Bay via Pasig River (only lake outlet) and
flows in reverse direction in the dry season.

People Mt. Pinatubo

link. Located Area Legend:
at the center Monitoring
of urban platform
Metro Manila
development Fish pens
Diablo Pass
Metro Manila,
Manila Bay
with over 13
million
inhabitants. Laguna
Lake Laguna Lake
 Case Study: Laguna Lake, Philippines
Impacts Demands

Forest denudation Waste disposal Aquaculture Industrial cooling

Shore land
Encroachment Power generation Irrigation
reclamation

Eutrophication Algal blooms Water supply Recreation

 Sustainable Development

From World Commission on Environment and Development

(1987):

development that can meet the needs of the present

generation without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs
 Water Resources Sustainability
Water resources sustainability is the
ability to use water in sufficient
quantities and quality from the local
to the global scale to meet the needs
of humans and ecosystems for the
present and the future to sustain life,
and to protect humans from the
damages brought about by natural
and human-caused disasters that
affect sustaining life.
 Water Resources Sustainability
How do you achieve WRS?
o Availability of freshwater supply
o Infra for provision and protection
o Infra for quality
o Institutions for water supply and
excess management
o Local, regional, national and
international basis
o Integrated water resources
management
-to be continued-