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PRINCIPLE
Principle of Principle of superposition states that at any instant, the wave
superposition displacement of the combined motion of any number of
interacting
waves at a point is the sum of the displacements of all the
components
waves at that point
CHAPTER 2:
Charge, Q WORK DONE to move a unit of voltage in a circuit
Current, I RATE of flow of charge
Potential difference, V WORK DONE in moving one coulomb of charge from one point
to another in an electric field
Electric field A FIELD in which electric charge experiences an electric
force / A FIELD in which electric force acts in a particle with
electric charge
Circuit CLOSED LOOP through which charge can continuously flow
Resistance, R RATIO of the potential difference across the conductor to the
current flowing through it / MEASURE of the ability of the
conductor to resist the flow of an electric current through it
Superconductor CONDUCTOR in which its resistance will suddenly become
zero when it is cooled below a certain temperature called the
critical temperature
Electromotiveforce TOTAL ENERGY supplied by a cell to move a unit of electrical
(e.m.f.) charge from one terminal to the other through the cell and
the external circuit
PRINCIPLE
Ohms Law Ohms law states that the electric current, I flowing through a
conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference
across the ends of conductor, if temperature and other
physical conditions remain constant. That is, V I
CHAPTER 3: ELECTROMAGNETISM
Electromagnet DEVICE in which magnetism is produced by an electric current
TEMPORARY MAGNET which acts as a magnet when the
current is switched on and ceases to be a magnet when the
current is switched off
Magnetic field REGION in which a magnetic material experiences a force as
the result of a magnet or a current-carrying conductor
Radial field MAGNETIC FIELD with the field lines pointing towards or away
from the centre of a circle.
Electromagnetic PRODUCTION of an electric current by a changing magnetic
induction field (conductor cuts across a magnetic flux OR a change of
magnetic flux linkage with a coil)
Root mean square VALUE of a steady current/ voltage, which would produce the
current / voltage same heating effect in a given resistor.
Transformer EQUIPMENT to raise or lower the potential difference of an
alternating current
supply
PRINCIPLE
Faradays Law The magnitude of the induced electromotive force (e.m.f.) is
directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux
linkage with the solenoid or the rate at which a conductor
cuts through the magnetic flux.
Lenzs Law Lenzs law states that an induced electric current always flows
in such a direction so as to oppose the change (or motion)
producing it
CHAPTER 4: ELECTRONICS
Thermoionic emission EMISSION of electrons from hot metal surface
Work function MINIMUM ENERGY required to eject electrons from surface
Cathode ray Fast moving ELECTRONS travel in a straight line in vacuum
Cathode ray measuring and testing INSTRUMENT used in study of
oscilloscope electricity and electronics
Conductor MATERIAL which allows current to flow through them
Semi conductor MATERIAL whose resistance is between good conductor and
insulator
Insulator MATERIAL which does not conduct electric current
Junction voltage POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE acting from n-type to p-type material
of a diode across the depletion layer
Rectification CONVERSION of a.c. to d.c. by diode
Smoothing PROCESS where output is smoothed by connecting a capacitor
across load that acts as a reservoir and maintains potential
difference across load
Logic gates ELECTRONIC SWITCHES with one or more inputs and one
output
CHAPTER 5: RADIOACTIVITY
Atom An atom consists of a nucleus which is made up of protons and
neutrons, with electrons orbiting the nucleus.
Nuclide TYPE of nucleus with particular proton number and nucleon
number
Proton number NUMBER of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Nucleon number NUMBER of protons and neutrons in an atom
Isotopes ATOMS of an element which have the same proton number but
different nucleon number(similar chemical properties but
differs in physical properties)
Radioactivity SPONTANEOUS DISINTEGRATION of unstable nucleus into a
more stable
Nuclear fusion PROCESS involving the fusion of two or more small and light
nuclei come together to form a heavier nucleus
PRINCIPLE
Einsteins Principle of The change of energy is linked to the change of mass by the
Mass-Energy equation
Conservation