Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
society. These symbolize the power of commerce in the
present world system.
These also add the 3rd dimension to the city.
In addition, at the micro level, having an office at an
attractive high-rise building gives additional advantage to
the business in terms of better customer confidence and
corporate identity.
A high-rise building is defined as a building 35 meters or greater in
height
Generally constructed using a structural frame, provided with high-
speed elevators,
Although originally high-rises were designed for commercial purposes,
Modern style
Richard Daley Center
SYMMETRIC/
ASYMMETRIC ,
PURE FORM.
Scale.
HUMAN SCALE,
. CITY SCALE.
.Structure.
.Climate.
.Cost & Benefit. Human scale
TYPE:
SHOPING CUM OFFICE BUILDING
Ground Coverage:
Built area (on the site) x100
Total land area
FAR RULES ANALYSIS height should be 13(4m) from ground level or 10(3m) from plinth
level.
The uncovered ground of the site must used for guard room & parking.
Guard room:
From roadside boundary wall the height of the guard room will be
8(2.5m) from finished ground level & the maximum Floor area will be
53 sft (5sqm).
Boundary wall:
Maximum height for boundary wall is (2.75m) . For rear & side walls
solid height is (1.75m) & Perforated height is 3.28 (1m).
Balcony:
The height of the railing of the balcony will be max. 3. or 1200mm. The
balcony
must not extend above the set back area.
Re Escape:
Lift, escalators etc will not count as fire escape elements. Fire
escape should be located on the exterior faade of the building.
Fire escape must not route to basement.
Ramp:
Slope of ramp should be 1:8 preparation length of the ramp should
be minimum 14 (4.25m) clear height of the ramp must be minimum
Stair:
.Minimum width of stair is 5(1.5m)
.Railing height of stair is minimum 3(0.m)
.Clear height of stair is minimum 7(2.10m)
LIFT:
. LIFT LOBBY MINIMUM 1.5MX1.5M
. LIFT CABIN MINIMUM 1.5MX1.2M
. LIFT DOOR WIDTH MINIMUN 800 MM/0.8M
Toilet:
. 5% TOILET SPACE REQUIRE FOR
DESIBLE PERSON EACH FLOOR.
Stair Ramp . TOILET MINIMUM 1.5MX1.5M
There are two basic sources for high-rise buildings'
load actions-
Column Beam
Surface elements
Wall slab
column
Either solid with perforations or Solid or ribbed, supported on floor
trussed, capable of carrying axial and framing, capable of supporting forces
beam rotational forces. in and perpendicular to the plane.
slab
Wall
General planning consideration
1. Structural
2. Economic
3. Soil condition
4. Height and width ratio
5. Fabrication and erection
. Mechanical system
7. Fire rating
8. Availability and cost of materials Dead load
Live load
Load
Building Load
Construction load
Snow rain and ice load Lloyd building
Wind force
Elevator lobby
Staircases
A HU
CORE
Toilets
COURT / ATRIUM
Ancillary rooms (pantry,
LIFT LOBBY space for cleaning
materials etc)
STAIRS
Mechanical vertical
ESCALATOR services riser ducts
(electrical power &
CAPSULE LIFT
lighting distribution,
water distribution,
Ducts sewerage pipes)
FIRE ESCAPE
Electrical vertical
service riser
Core positions can be OPEN FORMS
Single core
Double core
Central core
Typology of Core
central core
Advantage:
i.it allows all window space to be utilized as rental office space.
ii.Permits offices to varying depth to receive natural light.
iii.It is suitable in terms of access and in some cases may be
equidistant from all sides.
iv.Simplifies area division.
Disadvantage:
1. The central interior location limits the depth of the offices.
ii. It requires an access corridor around its perimeter.
Advantage:
It permits all windows and the building perimeter space to
be used for offices.
It has more flexibility depth and arrangements of spaces.
This can be particularly desirable where large open spaces
are required
Disadvantages:
Some problems of accessibility
This is less suitable for the distant spaces and the corners
of the building.
A long corridor for accessibility is required.
Less flexibility of tenant (rentel) distribution.
Off center core
Typology of Core
Exterior core
Advantages:
It leaves the entire floor area of the building available for tenant use.
The core does not complicate the floor plan either functionally of
structurally.
Maximum flexibility is achieved with respect to tenant distribution of
office depth and plan layout.
Disadvantages:
Exterior core
Typology of Core
Double core
Advantage:
Disadvantages:
Main
stair
Duct
s
L. Toilet.
LIFT LIFT
UP
Staircase
LIFT LIFT
G. Toilet.
lift stair
Fire
escape Elevator lobby
Toilets
Vertical circulation
Staircases
Escalator
Elevators
Fire escape
The basic components of elevator
Controller
elevator car
Selector car
Counter weight
Traveling cables
Rope traction cables Two car groupings
Governor
Buffer
elements CORE
LIFT LOBBY
STAIRS
ESCALATOR
CAPSULE LIFT
CORE
1. Parallel bearing walls
2. Core and Facade Bearing walls
3. Self supporting boxes
Common High-rise building structure 4. Cantilevered slab
5. Flat slab
6. Interspatial
7. Suspension
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
STRUCTURE
1. Staggered truss
2. Rigid frame
3. Rigid frame and core
4. Trussed frame
Common High-rise building structure 5. Belt trussed frame and core
. Tube in tube
7. Bundled tube
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Braced Frame Structures:
K Bracing Storey Height Knee Bracing Double Diagonal Bracing
Limestone infills
and facing
Transco Tower
Architect: Johnson/Burgee Architects
Tubular Structures:
Types of tubular structure:
Tube in tube
Bundle tube
Millennium Tower
Architect: Norman Foster
Bundle Tube Structures:
The sears tower consists of four
parallel rigid steel frames in each Sears Tower
orthogonal direction, interconnected to Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merril
form nine bundled tubes.
Two
additional
tube omitted
Bank of China
Architect: I. M.
Pei
Flat Plate And Flat Slab Structures:
Bel Tower
Architect: Nahas Ahmed Khalil
Price Tower
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
Overseas Chinese bank
Architect: I. M. Pei
Suspended Structures:
Central core with horizontal cantilevers at roof level, to which
vertical hangers
RWE TOWER
RWE tower
Aalto theater
Exterior view
Year of completion:
11
Area distribution:
Site area (Office): 2,000 sqm
Building height:
211 m, 2 ft
Structural:
Floor to floor distance, 3,875mm.
Fig: 3 Escalator in Melbourne tower
Floor loading 4.0kPa, 5.0 kpa average & 10 kPa in designated compactus
locations.
Core
Straight core perimeter walls with access/service doors.
Through core passages for direct access on lifts.
Lifts face each other in dedicated lobby. Consistent floor plate on all rises
permits standardisation of office layout.
Tea room incorporated into core - can be converted to a
communication/server room or storage.
Dedicated goods lift servicing all floors and basement areas.
Two dedicated risers are located in the north side of the core.
Melbourne central tower
Floor layout:
Straight perimeter walls.
Column free.
Core to wall North 11.5m / South 11.5 / East 10.2M / West
10.2M
Air conditioning D
CCTV, Access Control and Building Automation: Fig: 10 Use truss in main entry
CCTV and Access Control Systems was upgraded to the latest state-of-the-art technology,
with the access control system using proximity cards. In addition the BAS is being upgraded.
Fenestration:
The unique "crystal cut" image of the Office Tower arises from the use of the basic square
plan, from which two corners have been cut. It means that from every point in the city people
will be able to enjoy a changing shape and image of the building.
CCTV, Access Control and Building Automation: Fig: 10 Use truss in main entry
CCTV and Access Control Systems was upgraded to the latest state-of-the-art technology,
with the access control system using proximity cards. In addition the BAS is being upgraded.
Fenestration:
The unique "crystal cut" image of the Office Tower arises from the use of the basic square
plan, from which two corners have been cut. It means that from every point in the city people
will be able to enjoy a changing shape and image of the building.
Property Line:
7000 sft
Built Area:
5411 sft (Each floor) approx.
Number of floor:
15 (Fifteen)
Fig: Roof garden. Fig: Front view of Bel Tower from road.
B el tower
Architectural system:
Each floor is divided into 4-different levels at 2-4
difference
The lift lobby and the services are at one level rest of the usable floor
areas are connected by the central stair
The emergency fire exit is located at the back of the service area,
which is accessible from any other levels. And the fire exit is in a
distance which is not more than 80from any distance corner of the
building.
At 1: 5 ratios, ramp starts 1.5 meters or 4- ft distance from
road.
Floor to floor height: 10-0 ft.
There is no finished ceiling in the interior space (floor area) without lift
core area.
There is one prayer room in 8th floor.
Centre Air conditioning system.
Vertical zoning:
Flower garden at roof level. Usable floor areas
Foyer, lobby, lounge, display area, information booth, maintenance office Services and lift core area
Fire Exit
and general store, electric board and pump house provided at ground
Duct channel for split system
level.
Duct channel for fire-hose- system
Central core located on the north east segment of the structure which Circulation passage to fire exit
houses 2 elevators, the main staircase, fire exit, toilets and store room.
Auditoriums at top level with split-level stages are provided at the
south-east entrance block.
The typical floors are used in office spaces.
B el tower
Building type :
High-rise Commercial office building for Beximco Group.
Structural system:
The structural system is post slab (Flat plate).
The Building is in simple rectangular grid expected the shift of columns to
meet the inclination of the site line at the north-east side. The lift cores are a
built of centric, shifted to the west side of the building. To meet this shift of
span the shapes and directions of columns are changed according to the
structural requirements.
The total envelop of the building is built with non-load
bearing R.C.C walls with start cladding and certain glass at
the round shaped corners.
Column span:
Maximum span-20- C/C
Minimum span- 15-0 C/C
Column size- 2-0X3-4
Fig: 5 Typical floor plan (Structural plan). Fig: 6 Long section (Sec-X-X)-parking.
B el tower
Number of Basement:
02 (two) basement (3 level).
Number of entry: Fig: 7 No natural light in Lift core Fig: 8 Basement car parking
02 (Office, Basement)
Number of Lift:
02 (Office)
Stair:
01 stair from ground to fifteen &
the stair only use for offices.
Fig: 9 Main stairs (Split level floor)
Fire escape:
1 GF to Roof & 1 Basement to GF.
Glass type:
Single layer glass.
Fig: 11 8th Floor-Prayer rooms. Fig: 12 Reception with lobby, lounge.
Prayer room:
Only one in 8th floor.
Fig: 13 Single layer glasses. Fig: 14 Fire fighting stair Fig: 15 15th Floors-Conference
Hall.
B el tower
Chiller room:
On 15th floor, proportion of the room is well & natural lighted.
Lift machine:
On 15th floor
Generator room:
Fig: 16 Chiller room on 2nd basement
Cooling tower:
02 (two), on the top of roof.
Centre Air conditioning system
Electrical room:
GF (where 11000 volt electricity
substation) Fig: 20 Cooling tower
Fig: 21 Cooling tower
Fire safety:
Fire safety equipments on every floor.
Car-parking :
Basement 1 & 2
Merits:
24 hours secured.
24 hours standby generator & air condition system
Modern fire fighting system. Fig: 30 Wrong approach of entry
Superior quality lifts.
Flower garden at roof level.
Each floor is divided into 4-different levels at 2-4 difference.
Demerits:
Lift is not shown from entry. Sanitary line
Lift core is too small than its office area.
Car parking lot is wrong.
Basement parking is too wrong.
Pedestrian & Vehicular entry approach is wrong.
Narrow Fire Stair
Fire fighting stair is not proportioned.
At 1: 5 ratios, ramp starts 1.5 meters
or 4- ft distance from road.
No serf ace parking and they have used
surface parking on road.