Short-Circuit ANSI

Short-Circuit IEC
Arc Flash
Load Flow
Motor Acceleration

Network Analysis

Modular

etap.com
Quality Assurance Commitment customizable
ETAP is Verified and Validated (V&V) against field results, real system measurements, established programs, and hand calculations to ensure its technical accuracy.
Each release of ETAP undergoes a complete V&V process using thousands of test cases for each and every calculation module. ETAP Quality Assurance program is
specifically dedicated to meeting the requirements of:

ISO 9001:2000 10 CFR 21 ASME NQA-1 CAN/CSA-Q396.1.2

10 CFR 50 Appendix B ANSI/ASME N45.2 ANSI/IEEE 730.1 ANSI N45.22

2008 Operation Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Certain names and/or logos used in this document may constitute trademarks, service marks, or trade names of Operation Technology, Inc.
Other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective holders.

Integrated
Operation Technology, Inc. | 17 Goodyear, Suite 100 | Irvine, CA 92618 | T 800.477.ETAP | T 949.462.0100 | F 949.462.0200 | info@etap.com
 Customize ETAP to fit your needs,
from small to large power systems
ETAP Enterprise Suite provides one solution to your power system
design, analysis, and operation needs. ETAP offers a comprehensive
suite of analysis modules that can be configured to suit your specific
needs. This modular approach allows you to purchase only the
modules you need. Dynamics
Featured in this brochure & Transients
Transient Stability
Generator Start-Up
Wind Turbine Generator
Distribution User-Defined Dynamic Model
Unbalanced Load Flow Parameter Estimation Cable Systems
Optimal Power Flow Underground Thermal Analysis
Transformer Tap Optimization Cable Pulling
Switching Sequence Mgmt. Cable Ampacity
Reliability Assessment Cable Sizing
Optimal Capacitor Placement Star
GIS Map Protective
Devices Power Quality
Coordination & Selectivity Harmonic Load Flow

Power System
Sequence-of-Operation Frequency Scan
Relay Test Set Interface Network Harmonic Filters
Transmission Analysis
Line Short-Circuit ANSI

Enterprise Solution
Line Constants Short-Circuit IEC
Line Ampacity Arc Flash
Sag & Tension Load Flow
HV DC Transmission Link Motor Acceleration
ETAP is the most comprehensive analysis platform for the design, ARTTS
Relay Testing
DC Systems
Load Flow
simulation, operation, control, optimization, and automation of & Simulation Short-Circuit
Relay Test Set Equipment Control System Diagram
generation, transmission, distribution, and industrial power systems. ETAP Test Set Software Battery Discharge Data
Battery Sizing Exchange
Ground Grid DataX
Systems MS Access & Excel
Finite Element Method CAD Interface
Energy IEEE 80 & 665 Methods e-DPP Interface
Management SmartPlant Interface
System
Automatic Generation Control
Economic Dispatch Panel Systems
Supervisory Control Panels ANSI & IEC
Monitoring Base
Interchange Scheduling Package
& Simulation Intelligent
Reserve Management Cable Ampacity & Sizing
Advanced Monitoring Load Shedding
Energy Accounting Transmission Line Constants
Load Preservation
Real-Time Simulation Report Manager
Load Restoration
Event Playback Project Management Wizards
Load Shedding Validation
Load Forecasting Output Report Comparator
Intelligent Multi-D Database
Substation Libraries
Substation Automation
Switching Management
Load Management

2 | | 3
 Short-Circuit ANSI & IEC
Instant Results, Comprehensive, Graphical Summary
ANSI / IEEE Standards C37 & UL 489
IEC Standards 60909 & 61363
Automatic Device Evaluation for
3-Phase, 1-Phase, & Panel Systems
Load Terminal Short Circuit Calculation
Display Critical & Marginal Alerts
Integrates with Star Protective Device
Coordination
Seamless Transition to Arc Flash
4 |
As Easy as 1, 2, 3
Capabilities
Save hours of tedious hand calculations and take the guess-
work out of short circuit studies by automating the process with
multiple calculation and result analysis tools within ETAP.
The Short-Circuit module makes it easy to go from selecting
elements from the comprehensive libraries of short circuit
current ratings to performing dozens of different types of short
circuit analysis with the purpose of finding the worst-case
device duty. Built-in intelligence allows it to automatically apply
all ANSI / IEEE or IEC factors and ratios required for high- and
low-voltage device duty evaluation. Determine fault currents
and automatically compare these values against manufacturer
short circuit current ratings. Overstressed device alarms are
automatically displayed on the one-line diagram and reports.
OTI closely monitors industry standards and OEM data to
ensure ETAP is always up-to-date. The Short-Circuit module
seamlessly integrates with device coordination and performs
arc flash hazard calculations.
Alert View: Easily view marginal and
critical alerts
Device Duty Calculation & Evaluation
for Single & Multiple-Phase Systems,
Panel, & UPS
ANSI and IEC standards are used for calculating short circuit
current for parts of the network below main panels, subpanels,
UPS, and phase adapters. Device duty calculation compares
Automatic 3-phase device evaluation the calculated fault current from these networks for evaluation
Device evaluation based on total or maximum of protective devices and automatically generates critical and
through fault current marginal alerts based on user-defined alarm limits.
Automatically adjust conductor resistance & length
(both lines & cables)
Multi-Phase Systems
Global or individual device impedance tolerance
adjustments for maximum & minimum fault currents
Include / exclude fault impedance modeling for
unbalanced faults
Include / exclude shunt admittance for branches &
capacitive loads (unbalanced faults)
Graphical or tabular bus fault selections
Automatically determine fault currents at motor
terminals without the need to add additional buses
Phase-shifting transformers
UPS Systems
Grounding models for generators, transformers,
motors, & other loads
Motor contribution based on loading category,
demand factor, or both
Extract manufacturer published data from the Panel Systems
libraries for thousands of devices
Short-Circuit ANSI & IEC | 5
 ANSI / IEEE Standards
Features
1-phase & panel systems device evaluation
Determine maximum & minimum short circuit fault
currents
Calculate cycle, 1.54, & 30 cycle balanced
& unbalanced faults (3-phase, L-G, L-L, L-L-G)
Check momentary & interrupting device capabilities
Check closing & latching capabilities
Evaluate symmetrical or total rated circuit breakers
Special handling of generator circuit breakers for
system & generator faults
Interrupting duty as a function breaker contact
parting time
Standard & user-definable contact parting time
Automatically includes No AC Decay (NACD) ratio
User options for automatic adjustment of HVCB rating
Reporting (ANSI & IEC)
Load terminal fault current reporting
Automatically flag marginal & critical overstressed devices
Individual fault current contributions for Isym, Ia, & 3I0
Phase & sequence voltage profiles (Va, Vb, Vc, V1, V2, & V0)
Phase & sequence current profiles (Ia, Ib, Ic, I1, I2, & I0)
Phase & sequence impedances
Alert view to display critical & marginal limit violations
Export one-lines with short circuit results to third party CAD applications
Input data, detailed individual & total short circuit contributions, & summaries
Enhanced state-of-the-art graphic display of results for balanced & unbalanced faults
Export output reports to your favorite word processor or spreadsheet
Full color customizable Crystal Report viewers
6 |
Standards
IEEE C37.04 Standard Rating Structure for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers
Rated on a Symmetrical Current including Supplements:
IEEE C37.04f, IEEE C37.04g, IEEE C37.04h, IEEE C37.04i
IEEE C37.010 Standard Application Guide for AC High-Voltage Circuit
Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current
IEEE C37.010b Standard and Emergency Load Current-Carrying Capability
IEEE C37.010e Supplement to IEEE C37.010
IEEE C37.13 Standard for Low-Voltage AC Power Circuit Breakers Used
in Enclosures
IEEE C37.013 Standard for AC High-Voltage Generator Circuit Breakers
Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis
IEEE C37.20.1 Standard for Metal Enclosed Low-Voltage Power Circuit
Breaker Switchgear
IEEE 399 Power System Analysis the Brown Book
IEEE 141 Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants the Red Book
IEEE 242 IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination
of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems the Buff Book
UL 489_9 Standard for Safety for Molded-Case Circuit Breakers,
Molded-Case Switches, and Circuit Breaker Enclosures
Reporting: Load terminal fault current reporting
IEC Standards
Features
1-pole / 2-pole short circuit device duty for 1-phase
panel / UPS systems
Unbalanced L-G, L-L, & L-L-G faults analysis
Transient IEC 61363 short circuit calculations
Compares device ratings with calculated short
circuit values
User-definable voltage C factor
Service or ultimate short circuit current ratings for
LVCB breaking capability
User-definable R/X adjustment methods for Ip
(method A, B, or C)
Phase-shifting transformers
Negative or positive impedance adjustments for
max/min I k & Ik
Automatic application of K correction factors
(i.e., KT, KG, KSO)
Automatically determines meshed & non-meshed
networks for calculating Ib, Ik, & Idc
Ib for meshed network is adjusted by individual machine
contributions for improved accuracy
Considers both near & far from generator short circuits
Generates relay test set compatible plots for transient
short circuits
Detailed IEC device duty reports & complete
contributions for unbalanced faults
Standards
IEC 62271-100 High-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear,
Part 100:High-Voltage Alternating-Current Circuit Breakers
IEC 62271-200 High-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear, Part 200: AC
Metal-Enclosed Switchgear and Controlgear for Rated
Voltages Above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
IEC 62271-203 High-Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear,
Part 203: Gas-Insulated Metal-Enclosed Switchgear for
Rated Voltages Above 52 kV
IEC 60282-2 High-Voltage Fuses, Part 2: Expulsion Fuses
IEC 60909-0 Short Circuit Currents in Three-Phase AC Systems, Part 0:
Calculation of Currents (including 2002 Corrigendum 1)
IEC 60909-1 Short Circuit Currents in Three-Phase AC Systems,
Part 1: Factors for the Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
According to IEC 60909-0
IEC 60909-2 Electrical Equipment Data for Short Circuit Current
Calculations in Accordance with IEC 909 (1988)
IEC 60909-4 Short Circuit Currents in Three-Phase AC Systems, Part 4:
Examples for the Calculation of Short Circuit Currents
IEC 60947-1 Low Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear,
Part 1: General Rules
IEC 60947-2 Low Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear,
Part 2: Circuit Breakers
IEC 61363-1 Electrical Installations of Ships and Mobile and Fixed
Offshore Units, Part 1: Procedures for Calculating Short
Circuit Currents in Three-Phase AC
Fault Current Waveform
Short-Circuit ANSI & IEC | 7
 Arc Flash Analysis Most Capable & User-Friendly Arc Flash
Reduce Risk, Improve Safety, Enforce Compliance Hazard Assessment Solution

Automated Analysis
Automatically determine the Arcing Fault Clearing Time
Industry Leader in Comprehensive Instant determination of the flash protection, prohibited,
Arc Flash Solutions restricted, & limited approach boundaries according
to NFPA 70E
ETAP Arc Flash Analysis brings you new and enhanced
capabilities which allow for faster and easier performance of Determine individual arcing current contributions
arc flash hazard analysis. Identify and analyze high risk arc Generate arc flash labels for every incoming main circuit
flash areas in your electrical system with greater flexibility by breaker cubicle, load circuit breaker, & motor starter
simulating various incident energy mitigation methods. bucket

Arc Flash is a completely integrated module that solves Generate arc flash labels for every load terminal point
multiple scenarios to determine worst-case incident energy including induction motors, synchronous motors, capacitor
levels. It also produces professional reports and high quality banks, & static loads
arc flash labels at the press of a button.

IEEE & NFPA Features

IEEE 1584a 2004 The following capabilities are available to comply with
NFPA 70E 2000 & 2004 IEEE and NFPA guidelines:

Enclosed & Open Air Equipment Limit the incident energy based on maximum fault
Arc Flash Calculations clearing time (e.g., two seconds)
Built-in empirical equation range limits alerts &
Integrated with ETAP Short-Circuit
grounding configurations
Integrated with ETAP Star Protective Automatically distinguish between load & line side
Device Coordination protective devices
One-Line Diagram to Reports to Labels: Calculate arc flash results at multiple
locations automatically
User-definable & typical IEEE Equipment Gap between
conductors for buses & X-factors (based on IEEE 1584)
Automatically handle Incident Energy calculation for LV
Simple Operation buses (e.g., 208 volts) fed by transformers rated less than
Run multiple arc flash simulations with one-click & 125 kVA
analyze all of the different results in minutes Automatically assign hazard category for LV (<240 volts)
Define your own parameters or use system-calculated with bolted current less than 10 kA
results to determine the incident energy
Use the Quick Incident Energy Calculator to analyze
One-Line Diagram: TCC and arc flash results
what if scenarios at every bus

8 | Arc Flash Analysis | 9

 Comprehensive Arc Flash Safety Program Work Permits, Data Sheets, Labels, . . .
Generator Decrement Curve

Capabilities Customizable energized electrical work permits

Custom data sheets to communicate arc flash study
Consider Generator AC Decay & Decrement Curve
parameters
automatically for individual synchronous generators
User-interface for defining hazard categories (NFPA
Consider AC Motor short-circuit current decay
70E 2000 & 2004) or customize based on your
Time varying fault clearing time calculation based on
safety program requirements
system bolted SC current decay
Generate IEEE 1584 & NFPA 70E look-up table
Motor Decay Perform arc flash calculations for both 3-phase &
results for different working distances & generate
1-phase panel / UPS systems
simple summary reports to communicate the results
Handle radial & multiple source system to personnel
Extended search of several levels past the point of Alerts for PPE ATPV rating violations (maximum
multiple upstream source contributions allowable PPE arc rating alerts)
Use automatic or user-defined source protective Find the safest mode of operation for maintenance
device search algorithm work
Modeling of differential relays, maintenance mode Automatically batch print arc flash labels based on
switches, & arc flash light sensors highest incident energy from all operating modes
Capable of modeling Zone Selective Interlock
Protection (ZSIP)

Reporting
Maintenance Mode
Comprehensive library of overcurrent devices (fuses,
LVCB, in-line relays, MCPs, OLRs, etc.)
Calculated results are displayed automatically on the
Arc Flash Result Analyzer one-line diagram
Multiple Language Arc Flash Labels: Automatically
ETAP Arc Flash has a very powerful calculation result analysis tool which helps to quickly identify high risk areas. Printing of ANSI Z535 arc flash label templates generate and print arc flash labels in English, Spanish,
Portuguese, and more
Sort results from different studies by multiple with user-defined text fields / PPE requirements /
criteria disclaimers

Find the worst-case incident energy results Print assorted sizes (4"x 6", 4"x 4", 3"x 3") of arc
flash labels to Brady Label printers or DuraLabel
Quickly isolate & identify AF mis-coordination
Pro printers Label Printer Support: ETAP supports
Find which protective devices failed to operate different label printers including Brady
Print arc flash labels to Avery Permanent Durable

Label and DuraLabel Pro and high
Filter out & analyze only the higher hazard ID templates
quality material Avery Labels

category results
Print labels in multiple languages, such as Spanish,
Filter out all equipment with % Ia variation Portuguese, & French
problems
Plot incident energy vs. time & arcing current in Star
Locate slow responding protective devices (for coordination)
Export customized AF results to Excel reports MS Excel reports for bus & individual protective device
Analyze the results in Metric or English units arc flash analysis results
Color code & filter results by category Hundreds of customizable arc flash label templates are
available

10 | Arc Flash Analysis | 11

 Load Flow Analysis
One Program, One Database, One Solution Most Efficient Load Flow Program Available

Study Options
Option to update initial conditions
Phase-shifting transformers
Auto-adjust LTC / regulator settings
Create & Validate System Power factor correction

Models with Ease & Accuracy Saves solution control parameters for each scenario

With ETAPs advanced Load Flow module, you can create
and validate your system model with ease and obtain
accurate and reliable results. Built-in features like automatic
device evaluation, summary alarms / warnings, result analyzer,
and intelligent graphics make it the most efficient Load Flow
program available today.
ETAP calculates bus voltages, branch power factors, currents,
and power flows throughout the electrical system. ETAP
allows for swing, voltage regulated, and unregulated power
sources with multiple power grids and generator connections.
Make changes to your system & re-run studies instantly
Conduct unlimited what if studies within one database
Calculate bus voltages, currents, & power factors
Bus / transformer / cable reactor overload warnings
Calculate power flows
Update loading for DC load flow
Voltage drop calculations
3-Phase and 1-Phase Power Flow: Calculate power flow for 3-phase, 1-phase, Five levels of automatic error checking
panel, and UPS systems simultaneously

It is capable of performing analysis on both radial and loop

Voltage Drop
Power Factor Correction
Automatic Device Evaluation
Automatic Temperature Correction
2W & 3W Transformer LTC / Regulator Actions
Real & Reactive Power Losses
systems. ETAP allows you to select from several different Capabilities Flexible Operation
methods in order to achieve the best calculation efficiency
Simulate multiple loading & generation conditions Diverse operating conditions
and accuracy.
Automatically adjust transformer tap & LTC / regulator Multiple loading categories
settings Multiple demand factors
User-controlled convergence parameters Different model of lumped loading
Compare & analyze multiple reports using result Unlimited configurations
analyzer
Different nameplate data
Include effect of phase-shifting transformers
Global & individual bus diversity factors
View results graphically

Extensive Violation Alerts Evaluate critical & marginal limit violations

Solve 3-phase & 1-phase system load flow
Multi-Report Result Analyzer simultaneously

Intelligent Graphics: State-of-the-art graphical display of results including

voltage drop, load terminal voltage, branch losses, and transformer LTC settings

Automatic Device Evaluation: Automatically generate critical and marginal

alerts for overstressed 3-phase and 1-phase systems

12 | Load Flow Analysis | 13

 Simultaneous Analysis of Different Scenarios Detailed Modeling with Accurate Results

Load Flow Result Analyzer Features

ETAP Load Flow Result Analyzer is a time- Newton-Raphson, fast decoupled, & accelerated
saving tool that compares and analyzes Gauss Seidel
multiple reports in a single view. You can
Generator governors with isochronous or droop mode
compare the results of general information
about a project or more specific information Generator exciters with AVR or Mvar / PF controllers
such as the load flow results for buses, Transformer load tap changers (LTC / regulators)
branches, loads, or sources. Advanced solution techniques for fast convergence
Multiple loading conditions
Multiple generation conditions
Swing, voltage regulated, & unregulated power sources
Voltage drop calculations
Load forecasting
Alert view to display critical & marginal limit violations
Bus / transformer / cable overload warning
Single-phase load flow display
Global & individual bus diversity factors

Extensive Reporting: Detailed load flow reports and

Individual demand factors for continuous, intermittent,
indispensable summaries including branch losses, voltage
drop, and loading
& spare operating conditions
Option to update the initial condition from load flow solutions
Reporting Phase-shifting transformer
State-of-the-art graphic display of results
Power factor correction
Customize output reports using Crystal Reports
Multi-report result analyzer
Generate output reports in any language
10,000+ bus capability
Voltage drops, losses, power flows, power factor, etc.
Understand results of multiple studies in one glance
Input data, detailed load flows, & summaries
Compare & view multiple load flow results in a single view
Export reports to your favorite word processing program
Analyze & compare reports from multiple projects
Graphically display device evaluation results
Create a base line report & quickly identify deviations for all cases
Graphically display buses with marginal or critical
View multiple bus, branch, load, & source results
under / over voltage
Advanced alert & warning feature identifies & highlights overstressed components
Export one-line diagrams including results to third
Easily find components on one-line diagrams from the analyzer view party CAD systems
Export summary view into Microsoft Excel for maximum data flexibility & visualization Alert view to display critical & marginal limit violations

14 | Load Flow Analysis | 15

 Motor Acceleration
Intuitive, Intelligent, Incomparable Quickly Evaluate Results & Make Decisions

Comprehensive Modeling
Advanced Technology in No voltage or system connection limitations

Motor Evaluation & Simulation Induction / synchronous motor dynamic models

Typical & user-defined load models
The Motor Acceleration module enables engineers to
thoroughly evaluate the impact of load changes to electric Global or individual LTC time delays
power systems. Motor Acceleration is fully capable of Transformer phase shift
starting one motor or transitioning an entire power system
Starting devices: auto-transformer, capacitor,
to another state. Sequence-start a series of machines using
rotor / stator R or X, Y/D, partial winding, etc.
static or dynamic models, operate Motor Operated Valves
(MOVs), and simulate the switching actions of Load Tap Voltage, current, or torque controlled soft starters
Changers. Advanced plotting and time varying graphical Five levels of automatic error checking
display enable engineers to quickly evaluate results and
make decisions.

Dynamic Motor Acceleration

Motor Starting Time Slider: View time domain results graphically
Static Motor Starting
Voltage Flicker
Motor & Load Dynamic Models Capabilities
Accelerate / stop multiple motors
Conventional & Soft Starting Devices
Dynamically model motors & loads
Multi-Sequence Starting
Create unlimited sequence of events
Load & Generation Transitioning
Compare the response from various motor starters
Comprehensive Alarm & Warning Simulate load ramping of starting motor
Motor Operated Valve (MOV) Simulation Transition loading of entire system
Vary generator / grid operating parameters
Dynamic Modeling: Complete modeling of machines and connected load
Accelerate Multiple Motors: Start multiple motors using unlimited sequence of events Visualize results with extensive alerts & warnings
Simulate transformer LTCs / voltage regulators
Simulate MOVs with five operating stages

16 | Motor Acceleration | 17
 Comprehensive & Reliable Tools for
System Analysis

Reporting Features
Graphical display of time-varying results Multiple motor / load acceleration / stop & sequencing
Auto-alert abnormal conditions with marginal or Switch on / off static loads & capacitors
critical levels Open / close MOVs with five operating stages
Graphically display buses with marginal or critical Include transformer LTC / voltage regulator action
voltage levels
Generator / grid operating parameters & load profiles
Comprehensive plots with operation details
User-Defined Alerts: Automatically flag marginal and overstressed Multiple loading conditions & generation levels
Export one-line diagrams including results to third
devices
Different loading categories for pre-start conditions
party CAD systems
Motor load ramping
Export to your favorite word processing program Automatic Result Validation / Alert
Group actions
Motor start failure
Individual actions
Under-voltage for starting motor / MOV
Start / stop by group
Under-voltage buses per bus type & voltage level
Group start globally or by individual bus
Overloaded generator & prime mover
Flexible Plots: View results as individual or combined plots Start, stop, & restart in a single run
User-defined marginal & critical alert limits
Fast bus transfer using load transitioning
Unlimited actions in each event
Plots
Libraries & Models Motor Terminal / bus voltage
Unlimited events in one simulation

Double-cage (dependent circuit) Unlimited simulations stored in study cases

MOV
Double-cage (independent circuit)
Static Load
Single-cage (without deep-bar)
Capacitor
Single-cage (deep-bar)
Generator
Characteristic motor model
Bus
Comprehensive Reporting: Customizable output reports using Crystal Reports Polynomial & characteristic load models
Slip (speed)
Customized Results
Include multiple axes
Display multiple motors simultaneously
Zoom to any detail
Export data to Microsoft Excel
Change text & axes
Realistic Operation: Simulate load and generation transitioning Line, bar, 3-D, & scatter plots
Torque
Change & rerun studies instantly
Electrical power
Motor nameplate library
Mechanical power
Motor circuit model library
Current
Motor characteristic model library
Generator / grid current,
Polynomial based load model library
power, & power factor
Curve based load model library
Integrated with motor parameter estimation
Automatic alert & warnings
Simulate motor starters including soft-starters
Comprehensive & flexible plots & reporting
Execute multiple preset simulations at one-click
with Study Wizard

18 | Motor Acceleration | 19