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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
CONTENT
1. Definition of Stall
2. Requirements for Parallel Operation
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Definition of Stall, Stall Definition
Stall means:
status of non-uniform flows,
two air flows at one pressure value,
Typical Axial Fan Curve, Single Operation:
Stall area:
forbidden
for operation. Operation range
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Definition of Stall, Stall Definition
Stall means,
status of non-uniform flow,
two air flows at one pressure value,
Typical Axial Fan Curve (2 Fans Parallel Operation)
Stall area:
forbidden
for operation. Operation range
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Definition of Stall
Stall means,
status of non-uniform flow,
two air flows at one pressure value,
Typical Axial Fan Curve (4 Fans Parallel Operation)
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Definition of Stall
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Definition of Stall
Summary
Curve of curve of
Max. allowed system resistance
one fan two fans
without any saftey margin
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Definition of Stall
Possible Consequences:
- rupture of air stream lines at blade edge
- high vibrations with low amplitude at blade
- damage of bearings
- fatigue break of impeller
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Definition of Stall
Reasons:
Turbulent inlet or outlet flow at the fan
System resistance too high because of unexpected aerodynamic
behaviour (wrong system design)
Short-term pressure pulses
(due to Piston Effect of by-passing trains)
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Piston Effect
Axial Fans
(none stall-free)
Stall operation likely for none stall-free fans due to piston effect of by-passing
trains (Metro/Railway application)
Piston effect
stall ! +610Pa
- 610Pa
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Piston Effect
Piston effect
stall ! - 610Pa
+610Pa
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Detection of stall
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
CONTENT
1. Definition of Stall
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Requirements for Parallel Operation
For System:
High volume flow
(Qdesign > Qsingle fan)
Moderate pressure drop
Restricted space
Heat resistance
Reversibility (up to 100%)
Cost-effective solution
Robust design
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Requirements for Parallel Operation
INFO:
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Requirements for Parallel Operation
or
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
CONTENT
1. Definition of Stall
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Operation of Parallel Fans
Installation:
Keep distance between fans to prevent disturbance and interference of
fans
Bad Good
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Operation of Parallel Fans
Installation:
Connect to plenum with separation walls
Ensure symmetric openings
Use shut-off dampers at one side
Bad Good
asymmetric
opening
symmetric
openings
short circuit
separation
of flow
wall
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Operation of Parallel Fans
Installation - Samples:
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Operation of Parallel Fans
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Operation of Parallel Fans
Problem:
Switch on an additional fan might lead to
Asymmetry of individual air flow
Moving of duty point of remaining fans into stall area
Uncontrollable pulsing of system
System performance problems
Fan damage
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Operation of Parallel Fans
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Operation of Parallel Fans
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
CONTENT
1. Definition of Stall
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Stall-free Fans & VSD
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Stall-free Fans & VSD
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Stall-free Fans & VSD
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14
Summary
Axial flow fans should not be operated in STALL or in the stabilized STALL area
Piston effects have to be taken into account
Stall can be detected by a Petermann probe
Parallel duty is restricting the operation range of fans with none stall-free
characteristics
For parallel duty it is required to know the characteristic of the stall area
The plant layout should be symmetrically designed
Fan isolation dampers have to be installed for parallel duty
With stall free fans curves parallel duty is no problem anymore
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Witt&Sohn AG Oct-14