Task B - Sava Site Report On Biodiversity (B4-B7) PDF

Biodiversity
Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains
The Institute of the

Republic of Slovenia
for Nature Conservation
The designation of geographical entities in this document, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on
the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
The views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN.
This document has been made possible in part by funding from the European Commission.
Biodiversity
Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin

Floodplains
Sites Important for Biodiversity along the Sava River

Biodiversity
This Report is prepared in the frame of the project Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin
Floodplains funded by LIFE 3rd Countries, Swiss SDC, Dutch BBI/Matra and the project partners.
The Report has been prepared in 2009 by the Biodiversity Working Group:
Kitnaes, Karina Seeberg. Orbicon A/S, Aarhus Water and Nature Resources, Denmark.
Plavac, Ivana; Posavec Vukeli, Vida; Rodi Baranovi, Petra; Trenc, Neven and Topi, Ramona. State
Institute for Nature Protection (SINP), Croatia.
Stojic, Vida; Peri, Ranko; Lazarevi, Predrag; Ki, Alen and Stojanovi, Verica. Institute for Nature
Conservation of Serbia (INCS).
Redi, Sulejman; Barudanovic, Senka; Traki, Sabina and Kulijer, Dejan. Center for Ecology and
Natural Resources (CEPRES), Bosnia and Herzegovina.
kvar, Andreja. Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation (IRSNC).
1
Biodiversity
Table of Content
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
A. Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River .................................................................................................................. 5

Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Bosnia-Herzegovina .................................................................................. 9
1. Raa ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9
2. Lonari ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
3. abari (Modria) ................................................................................................................................................ 15
4. Modrac .............................................................................................................................................................. 18
5. Lijee (Bosanski Brod)....................................................................................................................................... 21
6. Patkovaa and Ukrina River (Derventa)............................................................................................................. 23
7. Velika and Mala Tiina....................................................................................................................................... 26
8. Donji Svilaj (Bosanski amac) ............................................................................................................................ 29
9. Bardaa ............................................................................................................................................................. 32
10. Srbac .................................................................................................................................................................. 35
11. Bosanska Gradika............................................................................................................................................. 37
12. Trnopolje and Saniani (Prijedor)....................................................................................................................... 40
13. Sprea and Klokotnica ....................................................................................................................................... 43
14. Plivska jezera ..................................................................................................................................................... 46
15. Ribnjak Prnjavor ................................................................................................................................................ 49
16. Odak - Vojskova ............................................................................................................................................... 52
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Croatia .................................................................................................... 55
17. Sava ................................................................................................................................................................... 55
18. Sava Hruica .................................................................................................................................................. 57
19. Savica................................................................................................................................................................. 60
20. Turopolje............................................................................................................................................................ 62
21. Odransko polje ................................................................................................................................................... 66
22. Lonjsko polje ...................................................................................................................................................... 69
23. Sunjsko polje ...................................................................................................................................................... 74
24. Ribnjaci Lipovljani .............................................................................................................................................. 78
25. Ribnjaci Slobotina/Vrbovljani ........................................................................................................................... 81
26. Pranik ............................................................................................................................................................... 84
27. Jelas polje .......................................................................................................................................................... 86
28. Dvorina .............................................................................................................................................................. 89
29. Gajna ................................................................................................................................................................. 92
30. Spavanski bazen ............................................................................................................................................... 95
31. Sava Podsused ................................................................................................................................................ 98
32. utica ............................................................................................................................................................... 101
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Serbia .................................................................................................... 104
33. Veliko ratno ostrvo .......................................................................................................................................... 104
34. Crni lug ivaa............................................................................................................................................... 107
35. Bojinska uma ................................................................................................................................................ 111
36. Orlaa .............................................................................................................................................................. 114
37. Ue Drine........................................................................................................................................................ 117
38. Obedska bara................................................................................................................................................... 121
39. Zasavica ........................................................................................................................................................... 127
40. Trskovaa ......................................................................................................................................................... 132
41. Moroviko-bosutske ume ............................................................................................................................... 135
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Slovenia ................................................................................................ 140
42. Zelenci in Ledine pod Rateami........................................................................................................................ 140
43. Sava Bohinjka z Mostnico in Ribnico ................................................................................................................ 142
44. Sava Dolinka od Zelencev do Hruice ............................................................................................................... 143
45. Sava od Mavi do Save................................................................................................................................... 144
46. Sava od Radovljice do Kranja ........................................................................................................................... 146
47. Sava Bohinjka in Sava Dolinka ......................................................................................................................... 148
48. Julijske Alpe ..................................................................................................................................................... 150
49. Sava od Rade do dravne meje ...................................................................................................................... 152
B. Analysis of threats and conservation status for Natura 2000 habitat types and species ......................................................... 154
C. Evaluation of the network of sites along the Sava River .......................................................................................................... 160
D. Recommendations for an Action Plan for the network of sites ............................................................................................... 163
2
Biodiversity
Introduction
The Concept of Ecological Networks

The European biodiversity is largely tied to ecosystems under direct or indirect anthropogenic influence.
Though certain human activities can lead to increased biological diversity, in recent time our use of
natural resources has been strongly intensified, which causes negative impacts on species and habitat
type diversity. As a result of human activities, habitat types are becoming increasingly fragmented, wich
is reducing also the number and distribution of species, as well as the value of goods and services that
these natural resources provide.
The concept of ecological networks can be defined as a system of sites connected by an ecological as
well as physical connection. Generally speaking, ecological networks serve to achieve the goals of:
Mitigate the negative impacts of habitat fragmentation;
Enable species movements;
Establish functional connection between protected areas.
The idea of developing ecological networks received an important stimulus in 1995, when 53 European
countries decided to establish the Pan-European Ecological Network (PEEN) as one of the basic activities
within the framework of the Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity Strategy.
The concept of ecological networks in Europe became supported in 1992 by the EU Habitats Directive,
which requires the Member States to identify and designate Natura 2000 sites, which holds important
habitat types and species in order to secure their favourable conservation status. These Natura 2000
sites function as the core areas in ecological networks.
Network of Sites important for Biodiversity along the Sava River

There are several important processes taking place along the Sava River to support the development of
a comprehensive network of sites. In Slovenia, the milestone was the implementation of Natura
according to the EU Birds and Habitats Directives, as well as the development of a Slovenian Ecological
Network in which the Natura 2000 sites function as core areas. In Croatia, the inplementation of Natura
2000 is ongoing as part of the EU accession process, drawing upon the already established Croatian
Ecological Network realised in 2007. In Serbia, it is the Emerald network that currently lays the basis for
the identification of sites. Recently, Serbia has also started the process of preparing for the Natura 2000.
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the selection of sites for the Emerald network is ongoing and there is a
strong intention to designate new protected areas along the river that would lay grounds for
establishing an ecological network.
With the transborder project Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains, 49 sites in
the four countries along the Sava River have been identified as site important for biodiversity. The Sava
River itself functions as the connecting backbone for the network of sites. The project proposes these
sites included in a shared transborder network of sites along the Sava River.
Identifying Sites with Species and Habitat Types of European Significance

The Task B Objectives of the project has been to Identify species and habitats that are of European
significance through assessment of data available in archives and databases and through additional field
inventories in compliance with the EU Birds and Habitats Directive as a base for the design of the
transboundary ecological network along the Sava.
To complete this task, a Biodiversity Working Group (BWG) was established with experts from CEPRES in
Bosnia and Herzegovina, SINP in Croatia, INCS in Serbia and IRSNC in Slovenia, which was guided though
the process by an international advisor from ORbicon in Denmark.
3
Biodiversity
The work of the BWG carried out during the project period was structured by the implementation of a
list of project activities leading to the preparation of the following Project Deliverables:
B2) National habitat interpretation sheets of Identified Natura 2000 habitat types
B3) Methodology for fieldwork on identified target Natura 2000 habitat types and species
B4) Inventory of biodiversity along Sava based on the Natura 2000
B5) Analysis of threats and conservation status of Natura 2000 habitats and species along the Sava
B6) Evaluation of the network along the Sava including areas capable of storing flood waves
B7) Recommendations for an action plan for network of sites to secure Favourable Conservation
Status for the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species
B10)Identification of sites in need of restoration and preparation of small scale restoration plans.
In this report, the results of this work are presented, apart from the B2, B3 and B10 deliverables, which
are subject to separate reports.
In section A of this report, the identified target Natura 2000 habitat types and species are presented,
together with a list of the 49 identified sites important for biodiversity (Deliverable B4).
The section B is divided into four subsections, one for each country, where a presentation of each site is
given, including the results of the inventory of biodiversity along the Sava River presented as two tables
with the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species mapped in the site (Deliverable B4).
Each of the site specific tables include the results of the analysis of threats and current conservation
status for the mapped target habitat types and species (Deliverable B5). In order to improve the
conservation status for each habitat type or species on site level, proposed actions are also outlined.
The conservation status for each habitat type on site level are marked as either A, B or C indicating:
A. Favourable conservation, given where the habitat type is observed to have an excellent
structure, well conserved and with excellent prospects.
B. Relatively good conservation, given where the habitat type is observed to have a structure
either a) well conserved, b) well conserved, average prospects and restoration possible, c)
partially degraded, excellent prospects and restoration possible, or d) average
structure/partially degraded, good prospects and restoration easy.
C. Reduced (unfavourable) conservation, given where the habitat type is observed to have
degraded structure and restoration needed.
The conservation status for each species on site level are marked as either A, B or C indicating:
A. Favourable conservation, given where the conditions for the species are in excellent condition,
independent of the grading of the possibility for restoration.
B. Relatively good conservation, given where the conditions for the species are either a) well
conserved or b) in average or partially degraded condition and restoration easy.
C. Reduced (unfavourable) conservation, given where the conditions for the species is observed
degraded and restoration needed.
For each site, the presentation is concluded by giving a list of concrete and site specific
recommendations for the future management and protection.
In section C of this report, the threats and conservation status of the Natura 2000 habitat types and
species are further analysed based on the site data (Deliverable B5). In section D, the network of 49 sites
is then evaluated for coherence and connectivity (Deliverable B6). And finally in section E, the
concluding recommendations for the network of sites are presented with focus on securing favourable
conservation status for the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species (Deliverable B7).
4
Biodiversity
A. Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River
The identified target Natura 2000 habitat types and species

In order to identify sites of importance for biodiversity along the Sava (Deliverable B4), the EU Birds and
Habitats Directives were used as the frame for agreeing on which biodiversity data to map in potential
valuable sites.
The habitat types and species listed in the Annexes of the Birds and Habitats Directives, which were
known or likely to occur along the Sava River, were identified. The resulting lists of target Natura habitat
types and species agreed between the experts of the BWG are presented in the two tables beneath.
Table A.2. The focal habitat types mapped in the sites.

Code Natura 2000 habitat types
1530 *Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes

3130 Oligotrophic to mesotropic standing waters with veg. of Littorelletea uniflora / Isoto-Nanojuncete
3140 Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthis vegetation of Chara sp.
3150 Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamnion- or Hydrocharition type vegetation
3260 Water courses of plain to montane levels with Ranunculion fluitantis & Callitricho-Batrachian vegetation
3270 Muddy river banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation
6430 Hydrophilous tall-herb fringe communities of plains and of montane to alpine levels
6440 Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii
6450 Northern boreal meadows of river valleys
6510 Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)
7140 Transition mires and quaking bogs
7230 Alkaline fens
- Reedbeds, tall sedges and vegetation of Phragmito-Magnocaricetea1
9160 Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli
91E0 *Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)
Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and U. minor, Fraxinus excelsior or F. angustifolia, along
91F0
great rivers (Ulmenion minoris), along great rivers
91G0 *Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulius
91L0 Ilirian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-carpinion)
1
Reedbeds, tall sedges and vegetation of Phragmito-Magnocaricetea are here defined as a separate habitat type, since it was not possible to include the
plant communities under any existing Natura 2000 habitat type definitions. These nationally defined plant associations are valuable and representative for
the Sava River floodplains and therefore included on the list of target habitat types.
Table A.3. The focal Natura 2000 species mapped in the sites.
Groups Natura 2000 Species HD/BD Annex
Birds Alcedo atthis (water) BD Annex I

Aquila pomarina (forest) BD Annex I
Ardea cinerea (colonies -
Ardea purpurea BD Annex I
Ardeola ralloides (colonies) BD Annex I
Aythya nyroca BD Annex I
Botaurus stellaris BD Annex I
Chlidonias hybridus BD Annex I
5
Biodiversity
Groups Natura 2000 Species HD/BD Annex
Ciconia ciconia (forest), Ciconia nigra BD Annex I

Crex crex (grassland) BD Annex I
Dendrocopos medius (forest) -
Egretta alba (colonies), Egretta garzetta BD Annex I
Ficedula albicollis (forest) BD Annex I
Haliaeetus albicilla (forest) BD Annex I
Lanius collurio, Lanius minor (rural areas) BD Annex I
Nycticorax nycticorax (colonies) BD Annex I
Phalacrocora pygmeus BD Annex I
Platalea leucorodia (oxbows/fish ponds) BD Annex I
Saxicola rubetra (grassland) -
Sterna hirundo (water), Sterna albifrons (water) BD Annex I
Plants Aldrovanda vesiculosa HD Annex II
Nymphaea alba -
Marsilea quadrifolia (water) HD Annex II
Amphibians Bombina bombina, Bombina variegate HD Annex II + IV
Triturus dobrogicus HD Annex II
Reptiles Emys orbicularis HD Annex II + IV
Fish Eudontomyzon spp. (spawning areas) HD Annex II
Hucho hucho (spawning areas) HD Annex II + V
Leuciscus souffia (spawning areas) HD Annex II
Umbra krameri (spawning areas) HD Annex II
Mammals Castor fiber (water) HD Annex II + IV + V
Barbastella barbastella HD Annex II
Lutra lutra (water) HD Annex II + IV
Miniopterus schreibersi HD Annex II
Myotis bechsteini, M. blythi, M. dasycneme, M. myotis HD Annex II
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rhinolophus hipposideros HD Annex II
HD: Habitats Directive, BD: Birds Directive.In addition to the Annex species, a few species were identified and included in the list of target
species.
A harmonised field work methodology for mapping the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species
was then agreed between the experts of the BWG (Deliverable B2). Further, in order to unify the
understanding and national interpretation of the identified Natura 2000 habitat types, Natura 2000
habitat type interpretation sheets were elaborated and discussed in the BWG (Deliverable B3) before
any field work was carried out. The agreed methodology and the resulting Natura 2000 habitat type
interpretations are reported in separate technical project reports.
The field work was then carried out in all sites of potential biological importance along the Sava River in
all countries apart from in Slovenia, where completed Natura 2000 standard data sheets for their
proposed sites already was available.
The identified sites important for biodiversity

Based on existing data and field data gathered by the BWG, data sheets compatible with the Natura
2000 standard data sheets were prepared for each site together with site maps of habitat type
distribution. These data can be accessed on www.savariver.com.
The field work resulted in the beneath list of the identified sites important for biodiversity along the
Sava River. The inventory data gathered for each site and the analysis performed for the target Natura
2000 habitat types and species are presented in section B of this report.
6
Biodiversity
Table A.3. List of identified sites of biological importance along the Sava River
Country No. Site code Site name Area, ha
Bosnia- 1. BA00017 Raa (Bijeljina) (border with site 37 and site 41) 506,36
Herzegovina 2. BA00016 Lonari (Brko) 699,35
3. BA00014 abar (Modria) 616,17
4. BA00012 Modrac 2.752,07
5. BA00008 Lijee (Bosanski Brod) 925,70
6. BA00007 Patkovaa i Ukrina River (Derventa) 1.181,96
7. BA00013 Velika i Mala Tisina 512,91
8. BA00010 Donji Svilaj (Bosanski amac) 343,23
9. BA00004 Bardaa 1.340,11
10. BA00005 Srbac 270,31
11. BA00003 Bosanska Gradika 455,91
12. BA00001 Trnopolje i Saniani (Prijedor) 1.613,12
13. BA00009 Sprea i Klokotnica 266,00
14. BA00002 Plivska jezera 395,88
15. BA00006 Ribnjak Prnjavor 1.221,86
16. BA00011 Odak Vojskova 321,78
Total area for the 16 sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina 13.422,74
Croatia 17. HR2001116 Sava 12.373,35
18. HR1000002 Sava Hruice 1.758,81
19. HR2000413 Savica 79,30
20. HR1000003 Turopolje 22.749,32
21. HR2000415 Odransko polje 8.498,48
22. HR2000416 Lonjsko polje 51.151,37
23. HR2000420 Sunjsko polje 20.329,65
24. HR2000421 Ribnjaci Lipovljani 1.940,47
25. HR2000422 Ribnjaci Vrbovljani (Slobotina) 1.352,95
26. HR2000423 Pranik 57,07
27. HR2000425 Jelas polje 10.430,94
28. HR2000426 Dvorina 1.333,74
29. HR2000427 Gajna 565,81
30. HR1000006 Spavanski bazen (border with site 41) 42.992,47
31. HR2001121 Sava Podsused 377,92
32. HR2000465 utica 4.698,26
Total area for the 16 sites in Croatia 180.689,90
Serbia 33. YUSER0001 Veliko Ratko Ostrvo Ue 226,00
34. YUSER0002 Crni Lug Ribnjak ivaa 1.203,00
35. YUSER0003 Bojinska suma 584,00
36. YUSER0004 Orlaa 1.281,00
37. YUSER0005 Ue Drine (border with site 1 and site 41) 2.593,00
38. YUSER0006 Obedska bara 19.667,00
39. YUSER0007 Zasavica 2.335,00
40. YUSER0008 Trskovaa 380,00
41. YUSER0009 Moroviko-bosutske ume (border with site 1 and site 30) 22.188,00
Total area for the 9 sites in Serbia 50.457,00
Slovenia 42. 27700 Zelenci in Ledine pod Rateami 112,19
43. 26400 Sava Bohinjka z Mostnico in Ribnico 455,74
44. 26800 Sava Dolinka od Zelencev do Hruice 337,39
45. 33500 Sava od Mavi do Save 3.229,39
46. 25400 Sava od Radovljice do Kranja 877,91
47. 25300 Sava Bohinjka in Sava Dolinka 936,54
48. 21100 Julijske Alpe 115.551,97
49. 63700 Sava od Rade do dravne meje. 2.850,94
Total area for the 8 sites in Slovenia 124.352,10
7
Biodiversity
Fig. A.1: Site location along the Sava River
In the following four sections of this report, each of the 49 sites important for biodiversity is presented.
8
Biodiversity
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Bosnia-Herzegovina
1. Raa
The site is situated in the North-Eastern part of
Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the area called
Semberija. The area is characterized by a specific
hydrographics. In the outermost part of Semberija,
the estuary of the Drina River is located. Just before
it drains into the Sava River, the Drina River diffuses
and forms a special delta of several armlets, of which
some ends up as a dead-end in the plain terrain. This
is how the special wetland habitat types have been
formed (Bosanska staraa). In this area, the Drina
River makes the border toward Serbia in the East,
whereas the Sava River represents the border at the
North side of the site. The entire area is of trans-
boundary and international importance.
A significant share of the site is covered by flooded woodlands.
The terrain is mainly plane with numerous both natural and artificial depressions aroused by gravel
extraction in the past. The geological foundation is made of recent alluvial deposits, while the soil is
mainly fluvisol of various depths of 1-3 meters, depending on intensity by which organomineral material
has deposited. Lately, this area has experienced conversion of natural habitats into road construction
and building of cottages. In this way, degradation of important biodiversity is occurring. Despite this, the
area of Bosanska Raa is still considered to contain representative wetland ecosystems.
The main biodiversity feature of the site is the occurrence of flooded woodlands, i.e. flooding alder
forests with Fraxinus excelsior, Salicion albae, Alno-Padion including poplar stands with Populus alba and
P. nigra. Where the underground water level lowers, these communities are replaced by mixed forests
of oak Quercus robur and elm Ulmus laevis, as well as by oak-hornbeam forests Carpino betuli-
Quercetum roboris. Along the riverbanks of the Sava and Drina rivers and their armlets, communities of
Chenopodion rubri, Bidention, Isoeto-Nanojuncetea occures, as well as patches of wet grasslands
Agropyro-Rumicion crispi.
The whole site covers a total of 10.673 ha, but the proposed site for protection covers 506,36ha. The
land cover types of the proposed site are Tidal rivers, Estuaries, Mud flats, Sand flats, Lagoons (70%),
Inland water bodies of standing and running water (5%), dry grassland (5%), Humid and mesophile
grassland (15%) and arable land (5%).
The site is not protected under national legislation. The site is not under active management and there
is no management plan for protecting the biodiversity. The ownership of the site is mixed.
Table 1.1: Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Habitat Coverage Conservation Threats and Impacts Proposed Actions
type in site Status
A B C
91L0 5% X Communication networks (500), Roads Planned construction of cottages,
(502), general forestry management sustainable forest management,
(160), forestry clearance (164), disposal sustainable waste management
of household waste (421)
91F0 10 % X Forestry management (160), forestry Planned construction of cottages,
clearance (164), disposal of household sustainable forest management,
waste (421), Communication networks sustainable waste management
9
Biodiversity
type in site Status
A B C
(500)
91G0 3% X Forestry clearance (164), disposal of Planned construction of cottages,
household waste (421), Communication sustainable forest management,
networks (500) sustainable waste management
6510 5% X Use of pesticides (110), fertilization Controlled use of pesticides and
(120), soil pollution (703) fertilizers
3150 1% X Water pollution (701), eutrophication Sustainable waste management
(952)
3270 10 % X Flooding (840), sand and gravel Prohibit gravel extraction,
extraction (300) sustainable forest management
3260 1% X Water pollution (701), sand and gravel Regulate sewage system, control
extraction (300) and remove invasive species
91E0 15 % x Forestry clearance (164), disposal of Ecological restore depressions, Re-
household waste (421), modification of forestate with fast growing species
hydrographic functioning(850), Drainage (autochthonous willows, poplars,
(810), sand and gravel extraction (300) alder, mulberries). Prohibit gravel
extraction. Prohibit waste disposal
Fig. 1.1: Distribution map of Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.
Table 1.2: Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Focal Species Population Conservation Threats and Impacts Proposed Actions
size Status
A B C
Umbra krameri - x Water pollution (701), Sustainable waste management
eutrophication (952)
Emys - x Taking/removal of fauna (240) Strengthening of awareness
orbicularis
10
Biodiversity
size Status
A B C
Alcedo atthis - X Management of aquatic and bank Planned construction
vegetation for drainage (811)
Dendrocopos - X Management of aquatic and bank Planned construction
medius vegetation for drainage (811)
Ardea cinerea - X Management of aquatic and bank Planned construction and
vegetation for drainage (811), sustainable forest management
forestry clearance (164)
Egretta alba - x Hunting (230) Controlled hunting
Recommendations for future management and protection

Main threats on Natura 2000 focal habitat types and species:
General forestry management
Forestry clearance
Disposal of household waste
Communication networks
Use of pesticides
Fertilization
Soil pollution
Water pollution
Eutrophication
Flooding
Sand and gravel extraction
Invasion of species
Drainage
Taking and/or removal of fauna in general
Management of aquatic and bank vegetation for drainage
Hunting.
Recommendations for management and protection:
Balance construction of cottages
Restore natural depressions in landscape
Re-forestate native and relatively fast growing species (autochthonous willows, poplars, alder,
mulberries, and in later stage aspen)
Remove invasive species.
Limit and control local road construction and usage
Control hunting
Prohibit exploitation such as gravel extraction
Prohibit waste disposal
Collect communal waste water in waste water treatment plants
Sustain waste management
Manage forests sustainably and introduce close-to-nature forestry.
Strengthen awareness on importance and role of wetlands
Prepare Local environmental Action Plan, along with physical plan
Plan and prepare physical plan, incl. management plan and Local environmental Action Plan.
11
Biodiversity
2. Lonari
The site of Lonari is situated on the way from
Oraje to Brko at the crossing of the roads Tuzla-
Oraje and Lonari-Brko. Due to strong
anthropogenous impacts in the past, more than 80
% of this area has been converted into arable land
and construction sites. Wetlands occur mainly along
smaller watercourses, which are being regulated in
the given way. Therefore only a smaller part of the
site is valuable for biodiversity. This part is located
several kilometers from the cross-roads toward
Brko city downstream the Sava River.
The climax vegetation in this wetland area is made
of oak communities, whereas in its marginal section,
on pseudogley and well drained soils, peri-pannonian oak-hornbeam communities with Quercus petraea
and Carpinus betulus occur with fragments of Illyrian oak woods Erythronio-Carpinion. In still standing
water of up to 60 cm depth, neutral eutrophic communities of Magnopotamion and Ranunculion
fluitantis occur, continued by reed beds of Magnocaricion, as well as sedge Phragmition communities.
Of great importance are the hygrophilous tall herb communities (Filipendulo-Petasition), and fragments
of alluvial grasslands Cnidion dubii and Deschamsion cespitosae. Humid nutritionrich soils occurring
along the streams are inhabited by the alliances Bidention and Chenopodion rubri p.p.
A big part of the surface different crops are grown (corn, wheat, vegetables, orchards with plums, apples
and pears), as well as by cultivated meadows with clover and alfalfa and nitrophilous Dauco-Melilotion,
Aegopodion podagrarii, Arction lappae vegetation of abandoned land. Also invasive species occur, such
as Amorpha fruticosa, Echinocystis lobata and Reynoutria japonica.
The part of the site, which is considered important for biodiversity, covers a total of 699,35ha. The land
cover types for this area are Inland water bodies of standing and running water (70%), Bogs, Marshes,
Water fringed vegetation, Fens (15%), arable land (10%) and other land (5%).
Table 2.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

type in site Status
A B C
91L0 5% X Communication networks (500), Sustainable forest management
Roads (502), general forestry sustainable waste management
management (160), forestry
clearance (164), disposal of
household waste (421)
91G0 3% X Forestry clearance (164), disposal of Sustainable forest management,
household waste (421), sustainable waste management
Communication networks (500)
91E0 Forestry clearance (164), discharges Sustainable forest management,
(420) sustainable waste management
3150 5% X Removal of flora, general 250, Conservation and restoration of
discharges 420, water pollution 701, wetlands, regulation sewage,
canalization 830, eutrophication planned construction of dispersed
952, urbanized areas, human settlements
12
Biodiversity
type in site Status
A B C
habitation 400
3270 3% X Disposal of household waste 421, Controlled use of pesticides and
use of pesticides 110, fertilization fertilizers,identification of buffer
120, drainage 810 zones towrd arable land
6430 1% X Grazing 140, mines 330, Sustainable waste management,
communication networks 500, regulation of sewage, Controlled use
Disposal of household waste 421, of pesticides and fertilizers
use of pesticides 110, fertilization
120, drainage 810
6440 2% X Grazing 140, mines 330, com- Sustainable waste management,
munication networks 500, Disposal regulation of sewage, Controlled use
of household waste 421, use of of pesticides and fertilizers
pesticides 110, fertilization 120
6450 1% X Water pollution (701), Water management, regulation of
eutrophication (952) sewage
7230 5% x Flooding (840), sand and gravel Sustainable forest management,
extraction (300), species invasion prohibition of gravel extraction,
(954) removal of invasive species
Fig. 2.1. Distribution map of habitat types in site.
Table 2.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.

size Status
A B C
Alcedo atthis - X Management of aquatic and bank veg. Conservation of wetlands
for drainage (811)
Ciconia ciconia - X Electricity 511, forestry clearance 164 Planned electrification
Ardea cinerea - X Forestry clearance (164) Sustainable forest management
13
Biodiversity
size Status
A B C
Egretta alba - x Hunting (230) Controlled hunting

Intensive conversion
Drainage
Intensive agriculture
Use of pesticides
Eutrophication
Deforestation
Discharges
Canalisation
Mines
Dispersed habitation.
Restore mosaics of wetlands
Remove invasive species
Remove mines
Secure and improve waste management
Establish buffer zones toward arable land
Controlled use of pesticides and fertilizers
Manage forests sustainably and introduce close-to-nature forestry using native species
Prohibit gravel extraction.
Conserve wetlands and protect site under appropriate national legislation.
14
Biodiversity
3. abari (Modria)
The site of abari is situated on the riverbank of the Sava River, downstreams from the estuary of the
Bosna River. The site consists of a mosaic of wetlands on the inshore belt of Sava River at Oraje, as well
as in the area of Gornji and Donji abar. But there is a big part of the abari, which is under significant
anthropogenous impacts and where today crops are grown, such as corn and orchards (plums, apples,
pears etc.). The wetlands in the site are being reduced and degraded.
The biodiversity of this site is reflected through its diversity of hygrophilous forests. The inshore belt of
Sava River is covered by alder forests Alnetum glutinosae, then forests of ash Leucojo-Fraxinetum,
communities of white and black poplar and willow-poplar communities Salici Populetum. In places
where underground water level falls deeper communities with oak and broom Genisto elatae-
Quercetum roboris, then Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris occur. In direction of abari on north facing
and more emphasized slopes, oak-hornbeam communities continue. Also fragments of hygrophilous
meadows Deschampsion caespitosae and Agropyro-Rumicion crispi are found, where arable land has not
taken over. Along smaller streams, on nutrient rich soil, communities of the alliances Bidention and
Chenopodion rubric occur.
The site, which holds important biodiversity, covers 616,17ha. The land cover types are Inland water
bodies of standing and running water (20%), Bogs, Marshes, Water fringed vegetation, Fens (15%),
Humid or Mesophile grassland (20%), Broadleaved deciduous woodland (10%) and other land (35%).

type in site Status
A B C
91E0 5% X sand and gravel extraction 300, Sustainable forest management
water pollution 701, general Sustainable waste management
forestry management (160),
forestry clearance (164), disposal of
household waste (421)
91G0 5% X 91G0: disposal of household waste Sustainable forest management,
421, water polution (701) forestry Sustainable waste management
clearance (164), Communication
networks (500)
91F0 forestry clearance (164), discharges Sustainable forest management,
(420) Sustainable waste management
7230 1% X Removal of flora, general 250, Conserve and restore wetlands,
discharges 420, water pollution regulate sewage, plan
701, canalization 830, construction of dispersed
eutrophication 952, urbanized settlements
areas, human habitation 400
3270 5% X Flooding (840), sand and gravel Sustainable forest management,
extraction (300), invasion species prohibit gravel extraction,
(954) remove invasive species
6440 3% X grazing 140, mines 330, Sustainable waste management,
communication networks 500, regulate sewage, control use of
Disposal of household waste 421, pesticides and fertilizers
use of pesticides 110, fertilization
120, drainage 810
6450 2% X grazing 140, mines 330, Sustainable waste management,
communication networks 500, regulate sewage, controlled use
Disposal household waste 421, use of pesticides and fertilizers
of pesticides 110, fertilization 120
15
Biodiversity

size Status
A B C
Nycticorax - x Electricity lines 511, forestry Planned electriphication
nycticorax clearance 164
Dendrocopos - x Dendrocopos medius: Conserve wetlands
medius Management of aquatic and bank
veg. for drainage (811)

Main threats on Natura 2000 focal habitat and species:
Intensive cultivation
Drainage
Pesticides
Hunting
Communication network
Canalisation
Natural overgrowing
Invasive species.
Restore previous and degraded wetlands
Maintain hygrophilous grasslands (mowing )
16
Biodiversity
Regulate reforestation by use of native broadleaved forests (oak, cherry, ash).
Regulate hunting
Integrate water management with nature protection needs
Prohibit gravel extraction
Conserve the wetlands and protect site under national legislation
Prepare Local environmental Action Plan
Strengthen awareness on the importance of wetlands.
17
Biodiversity
4. Modrac
The site encompasses the entire area around an artficial hydro-accumulation by the same name. It is
located 6 km from the city Lukavac in the Tuzla city region. The lake arose after construction of a water
gate on the Sprea River in 1964, which was built for purposes of industrial facilities in Tuzle and
ivinice. The lake is supplied by water from the Sprea River and Turija River. The length of the lake is 11
km, while its largest width amounts 1.600 meters. Maximum depth of the lake is about 20 meters.
Before the lake was created, wetland habitat types existed along the entire coastline, which have
resulted in diverse vegetation types present today. On the inshore belt, on muddy bottom, submerged
communities of the alliance Potamion occur, whereas in the coastal area, especially in its western and
northwestern part, communities with sedges Typhetum, reeds Magnocaricion, and fragments of the
alliance Phragmition occur. In the armlets, especially around the estuary of Turija, floating plant
communities (Lemnion) with Marsilea quadrifolia and Trapa natans are found. On deeper, swampy soil
fragments of the wetland communities Agropyro-Rumicion (Cnidion dubii), Deschampsietum
caespitosae, as well as the hygrophilous meadows Molinion coeruleae are present. These are continued
by mesic grassland Arrhenatherion elatioris and Festuco-Agrostion on more drained ground. For the
forest vegetation, a significant area is covered by fragments of hygrophilous alder woods and oak-
hornbeam communities Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris, while moving toward more drained soil,
forests of black pine and sessile oak occur on serpentinite and eutric cambisol.
The area around Modrac Lake is very popular for production of diverse gardening and agricultural crops
resulting in intensive agriculture. Over large area occur orchards with plums, apples and cherries.
The whole site covers a total of 17 km2. The site of importance for biodiversity covers a total of 2.752,07
ha. The land cover types are Inland water bodies of standing and running water (60%), Bogs, Marshes,
Water fringed vegetation, Fens (10%), Humid or Mesophile grassland (20%) and other land (10%).

type in site Status
A B C
3150 3150: eutrophication (952), Water management, regulate
disposal of household waste (421), canalization
disposal of industrial waste (422)
3270 10% X 3270: dykes, embankments, Sustainable forest management,
artificial beaches, general (870), remove invasive species,
flooding (840) sustainable tourism
6510 20 % X 6510: soil pollution (703), grazing Sustainable waste management,
(140), invasion by species (954) regulate sewage, controlled use of
pesticides and fertilizers
7230 15 % X 7230: water pollution (701), Conserve and restore wetlands,
fertillisation (120) regulate sewage, plan construction
of dispersed settlements
91G0 15 % X 91G0: disposal of household waste Sustainable forest management,
(421), forest exploitation without Sustainable waste management
replanting (167), discharges (400),
invasion by species (954)
91E0 5% X 91E0: disposal of household waste Sustainable forest management
(421), silting up (910), urbanized Sustainable waste management
areas, human settlements (400),
18
Biodiversity

size Status
A B C
Marsilea - X Drainage (810), Discharges (420), Consere wetlands
quadrifolia Water pollution (701)
Crex crex - X Removal of fauna, general (240) Conserve wetlands
Ardea cinerea - X Removal of fauna, general (240) Conserve wetlands
Ardeola ralloides - X - -
Egretta alba - X Removal of fauna, general (240) Conserve wetlands

Eutrophication
Solid and liquid waste
Chanalisation
Industrial water after coals separation
Conversion of wetlands
Unsustainable tourism (beaches, restaurants, paths)
Frequent changes in water level
Introduction of fish species
Disposal.
19
Biodiversity
Purify industrial water, including remove sedimentation of coal dust
Conserve and restor remaining wetlands,
Establish and maintain free buffer zones in the inshore belt.
Regulate and establish sewage and waste water collection
Control introduction of alien species
Manage forests sustainably and introduce close-to-nature forestry
Control hunting
Secure sustainable tourism with improved plan for construction of settlements.
Prepare Local environmental Action Plan emphasizing conservation of wetlands.
20
Biodiversity
5. Lijee (Bosanski Brod)
The site is situated few kilometers downstreams from Bosanski Brod towards amac city on the
riverbank of the Sava River. The entire area is transected by the road Bosanski Brod-amac. This used to
be an agricultural region, which has significantly changed over the past decades.
On the inshore belt of Sava River willow-poplar communities occur, as well as communities of aspen,
which, in some places, are continued by communities of oak, ash and elm. There are also fragments of
communities occuring in oligotrophic and mesotrophic standing water belonging to the class Isoeto
Nanojucetea and Bidentetea tripartiti. On more isolated places, where underground water level is high
and planohistosol develops, fragments of reed beds (Magnocaricion), sedges (Typhaetum) and rushes
(Phragmition) occur. Towards dry types of soil hygrophilous tall herb communities and grasslands,
Molinion coeruleae and Deschampsion caespitosae are found.
The site covers a total of 925,70ha.

type in site Status
A B C
3130 1% X Drainage (810), eutrophication (952), Integrated water management,
invasions by species (954), soil regulate sewage, remove invasive
pollution (703), discharges (400) species
3270 3% X Drainage (810), invasions by species Sustainable forest management,
(954), flooding (840), discharges remove invasive species
(400)
6440 2% X soil pollution (703), grazing (140), Sustainable waste management,
invasion by species (954), discharges control use of pesticides
(400)
6450 1% X Drainage (810), genetic pollution Control introduction of species,
(964), soil pollution (703), discharges water management, control use
(400) of pesticides
7230 3% X Drainage (810), genetic pollution Conserve and restore wetlands,
(964), management of water levels regulate sewage, plan
(853) construction of settlements
91E0 10 % X invasion by species (954), genetic Sustainable forest management
pollution (964), eutrophication (952), Sustainable waste management
Flooding (840)
21
Biodiversity

size Status
A B C
Ardea cinerea - X forestry learence (164) Sustainable forest management
Nycticorax nycticorax - x forestry clearence (164) Sustainable forest management

Main threats on habitat and species on site level
Drainage of remaining wetlands
Soil pollution
Construction of settlements
Unbalanced waste management
Invasive species.
Restore and conserve remaining wetlands
Mow wetland meadows on regular basis
Regulate sewage
22
Biodiversity
6. Patkovaa and Ukrina River (Derventa)
The site is situated 10 kilometers downstream from
Derventa towards Bosanski Brod. The Ukrina River is
an affluent of the Sava River, whereby most of its
flow runs through plain and hilly peri-pannonian
terrain. It springs at 120m above sea level, while its
estuary is at 96m above sea level. The length of its
flow is 53km. Due to the low velocity many armlets
were formed in the past, which today are important
habitats for wetland plants and animals. The Ukrina
River flows mainly through neogenic and quaternary
layers, whereas the alluvial lowland are more recent
deposits (gravel, sand and clay) influencing the
biodiversity composition.
On the inshore belt mostly hygrophilous alder communities Alnion glutinosae, communities of white
willow (Salicion albae), then willow and poplar (Salici-Populetum) occur, while on humid slopes oak
communities (Quercetum roboris) and oak-hornbeam forests (Querco-Carpinetum) are found. In still
standing water fragments of communities occurring in oligo-mesotrophic water with Chara (Charion,
Nitellion), and submerged vegetation types (Ranunculion fluitantis and Calitricho-Batrachion) occur.
More nutrient rich parts are inhabited by Bidention and by Dauco-Melilotion and Arction lappae. On
deeper alluvions, which are under anthropogenous impacts, communities with alochtonous species,
such as Solidago gigantea, Ambrosia artemisifolia, Echinocystis lobata etc. invade.
The site covers a total of 1.181,96 ha. The land cover types are Inland water bodies of standing and
running water (60%), Humid or Mesophile grassland (10%) and Broadleaved deciduous woodland (30%).

type in site Status
A B C
3140 1% X eutrophication (952), water pollution Water management, regulate
(701), canalization (830) sewage, remove invasive species
3260 1% X water pollution (701), eutrophication Water management, regulate
(952), flooding (840), sand and gravel sewage
extraction (300)
6440 1% X soil pollution (703), grazing (140), Sustainable waste management,
invasion by species (954), discharges control use of pesticides and
(400) fertilizers
91E0 10 % x invasion by species (954), Sustainable forest management
eutrophication (952), Flooding (840), Sustainable waste management
forestry clearance (164), sand and
gravel extraction (300)
91G0 3% X forestry clearance (164), forest Sustainable forest management,
exploitation without replanting (167), remove invasive species
23
Biodiversity

Focal Species Population Conservation Threats and Impacts Proposed actions
size Status
A B C
Ardea cinerea X management of aquatic and Sustainable forest management
bank veg. for dreinage (811),
forestry learence (164)
Alcedo atthis X management of aquatic and Conserve wetlands
bank veg. for dreinage (811)
Dendrocopos X management of aquatic and Conserve wetlands
medius bank veg. for dreinage (811)
Emys orbicularis x collection (241), removal of Control collection of species
fauna, general (240)

Eutrophication
Discharges
Gravel extraction
Hunting
Invasive plant species.
Restore and conserve remaining wetlands
24
Biodiversity
Construct and regulate sewage system
Manage forests sustainably and introduce close-to-nature forestry.
25
Biodiversity
7. Velika and Mala Tiina
The site Velika i Mala Tiina is situated on the riverbank of the Sava River 10km downstream from
Bosanski amac. These are larger armlets of the Sava River, which still exist thanks to the constant
inflow of underground water. Velika Tiina is a horse-shoe shaped armlet, while Mala Tiina has the
form of a trapeze. These two water bodies are connected by both surface and underground water.
Around the water bodies, large arable land and settlements are located.
This site is one of the most typical examples of wetland habitat types in the Bosnian part of the Posavina
region. The biodiversity of floating emerged and submerged vegetation comes here to its full
expression. The water bodies are covered by floating vegetation that belongs to the alliances
Magnopotamion and Hydrocharition, in which plant communities with Nuphar luteum and water lily
(Nymphaea alba) prevails. The submerged vegetation is well developed in all places and characterized
by the occurrence of plant communities with Myriophyllum, Ceratophyllum etc. Along the coastline
patches of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea communities occur. On the inshore belt, a significant area is covered by
reed beds of Magnocaricetalia and Phragmitetalia. These communities tend to spread over more
shallow water due to intense eutrophication process. Smaller terrestrial areas of typical are covered by
wetland grasslands with Alopecurus pratensis. Along the large water bodies different types of
hygrophilous woods and shrubs from the alliance Salicion purpureae, willow and poplar Salicion albae,
alder Alnion glutinosae occur, as well as hygrophilous ash-alder woods from the alliance Alno-Padion,
which continue on hygrophilous oak-broom woods Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris, where the
underground water is low. Naturally occurring eutrophication induces the development of humid
nitrophillous vegetation from the alliances Bidention and Chenopodion rubri, which corresponds with
mesic nitrophillous vegetation from the alliances Polygono-Chenopodion and Arction lappae.
The site covers a total of 512,91ha. The land cover types are Inland water bodies of standing and
running water (35%), Bogs, Marshes, Water fringed vegetation, Fens (5%), Humid or Mesophile
grassland (15%), Broadleaved deciduous woodland (20%) and other land (25%).

type in site Status
A B C
3130 5% X urbanized area (400), household Water management, regulate
waste (421), invasion by species (954), sewage, remove invasive species,
eutrophication (952), water pollution waste management
(701), canalization (830)
3150 35 % X paths (501), drying out (951), disposal Water management, regulate
of household waste (421), water sewage, waste management,
pollution (701) , eutrophication (952), remove invasive species
6510 5% X use of pesticides (110), fertilisation Sustainable waste management,
(120), soil pollution (703), grazing control use of pesticides and
(140), invasion by species (954), fertlilizers, remove invasive
discharges (400), mines (330) species
7230 30 % X water pollution (701), mowing/cutting Water management, sustainable
(102), disposal of household waste waste management, remove
(421), eutrophication (952), invasion invasive species
by species (954)
91E0 15 % X use of pesticides (110), fertilization Sustainable forest management
(120), invasion by species (954), Sustainable waste management,
eutrophication (952), sand and gravel remove invasive species
extraction (300)
26
Biodiversity

size Status
A B C
Nymphea alba - x drying out (951) Conserve wetlands
Bombina - x water pollution (701) Water management
variegata

Drainage and drying out of wetlands
Construction of roads
Mines
Mowing of reed beds
Illegal dumping places
Invasive species.
Prohibit mowing of reed beds
Remove mines
Remove constructed roads.
27
Biodiversity
Regulate sewage system
Evaluate natural values in the area of Velika and Mala Tiina
Establish protected area under national legislation.
28
Biodiversity
8. Donji Svilaj (Bosanski amac)
The site is situated by the road between Bosanski Brod and Bosanski amac. The Natura 2000 focal
habitat types are distributed in a mosaic structure. The most important area with valuable wetland
complex are found on the right side of the road in a natural depression where water maintains
throughout the year. Along the trail running from the main road to the wetland, illegal dumping places
were found.
Since water in the site is very shallow (50-60 cm depth), its surface is covered by floating vegetation.
Predominant are plant communities of the alliances Magnopotamion and Hydrocharition of which 80%
are communities with Marsilea quadrifolia. At the same time, oligotrophic communities prevail here
with aquatic ferns. The inshore belt is covered by different kind of communities with rushes
(Typhaetum), sedges (Phragmition) and reeds (Magnocaricetalia). In this vegetation zone, with shallow
water and muddy bottom, plant communities with Chara sp occur. On the inshore belt where the
wetland is very shallow patches of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea communities are found. In the broader area of
the wetland, small patches of hygrophilous grasslands from the alliances Deschampsion caespitosae and
Agropyro-Rumicion occur. The reed beds are continued by smaller patches of woods with willow Salicion
albae and alder Alnion glutinosae, while on semi-terrestric and terrestric soil oak to oak-hornbeam
communities are found.

Habitat Coverage Conservation Threats and Impacts Proposed actions
type in site Status
A B C
3130 1% X disposal of household waste (421) Waste management
3140 1% X water pollution (701), dykes, Water management, regulate
embankments (870), modification of sewage
hydrographic functioning, general
(850), eutrophication (952),
3150 35 % X water pollution (701) Water management, regulate
sewage
6510 1% X fertilization (120), dykes, embankments Control use of pesticides and
(870), invasive species (954) fertilizers, remove invasive species
6450 1% X flooding (840), modification of Conserve wetlands, remove
hydrographic functioning, general invasive species
(850), invasions by species (954)
7230 5% X management of aquatic and bank veg. Conserve and restore wetlands,
for dreinage (811), modification of regulate sewage, plan construction
hydrographic functioning, general of dispersed settlements
(850), water pollution (701),
91G0 5% X forestry clearance (164), discharges Sustainable forest management
(420) Waste management
91E0 10 % X forest exploitation without replanting Sustainable forest management,
(167), urbanized areas (400), continous sustainable waste management,
urbanization (401) plan construction
29
Biodiversity

size Status
A B C
Marsilea - X eutrophication (952) Conserve wetland habitat types,
quadrifolia waste management, water
management
Ciconia nigra - X forestry clearance (164), Conserve wetlands, sustainable
pollution (700) forest management
Egretta alba - X Removal of fauna, general Conserve wetlands
(240)
Nycticorax - X forestry clearance (164) Sustainable forest management
nycticorax
Dendrocopos - X electricity lines (511), forestry Plan construction, Sustainable
medius clearance (164) forest management

Waste
Water pollution
Disturbances in water regime
Forestry clearance
Invasive species.
Improve waste management
30
Biodiversity
Control and remove invasive species.
Maintain natural water regime and integrate water management with nature protection needs
31
Biodiversity
9. Bardaa
Bardaa covers 3.500 ha. It is positioned on the
riverbank of the Vrbas River towards its estuary in
the Sava River 30 km North of Banja Luka. The Sava
and Vrbas rivers have had a powerful impact on the
natural features of the Bardaa wetland area. At
present, the complex of Bardaa encompasses
artificial 11 fish ponds. These lakes are supplied by
water from several lowland rivers inclduing Matura,
Stublaja and Brzaja rivers. The surface of the fish
ponds covers 700 ha. At present, the fish ponds of
Bardaa produces warm water species such as carp.
Besides the fish ponds, the site also contains 10ha of
natural occuring bogs and swamps.
In April 2007, Bardaa was designated as Ramsar
site. Bardaa contains very important habitat for
more than 100 birds. More than 180 different
animal species have been registered in the site.
The site holds high diversity of habitat types and of
flora and fauna, especially fish, amphibians, reptiles,
birds and aquatic mammals. Open water is inhabited
by floating vegetation prevailed by communities of
Magnopotamion and Hydrocharition with species
like Nuphar luteum, Trapa natans and Nymphaea
alba. In isolated armlets, these communities are
continued by floating vegetation from the alliance
Lemnion. In some parts, patches with very rare plant species Hydrocharis morsus ranae, as well as of
community with Salvinia natans and Marsilea quadrifolia are found. The Bardaa region is one of the
most famous finding places of Marsilea quadrifolia.
Since the water is relatively warm, the natural eutrophication results in the occurence of typical
submerged communities with Myriophyllum, Ceratophyllum, Hippuris etc. On the inshore belt and in
shallow water, large reed beds of Magnocaricetalia and Phragmitetalia occur, which encompass sedge
communities with rare species, such as Butomus umbellatus, Sagittaria sagitifolia, Rumex
hydrolapathum, Iris pseudacorus etc. On the inshore belt, also Isoeto-Nanojunceteta communities are
found, which on nutrient rich soil is continued by hygrophilous communities of Bidention and
Chenopodion muralis. Surrounding the fish ponds, significant habitat types of humid nutricient rich
grasslands of Agropyro-Rumicion and Cnidion dubii with the species Althea officinalis, Pulicaria
officinalis, P. disenterica, Trifolium fragiferum, Potentilla anserina, Mentha pulegium, Teucrium botrys.
In well preserved places wetland meadows of Deschampsion are found.
The entire wetland area is covered by hygrophilous communities with purpule willow Salicion
purpureae, willow and poplar Salicion albae and alder Alnion glutinosae. Toward the Sava river these
communities are replaced by flooding communities of ash and snowdrop Leucojo-Fraxinetum. On the
pseudogley soil, hygrophilous woods of oak and broom Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris occur. In the
direction of Lijeve polje, oak-hornbeam woods Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris occur.
The site covers a total of 3.500ha. The land cover types are Inland water bodies of standing and running
water (70%), Humid or Mesophile grassland (15%), Broadleaved deciduous woodland (10%) and arable
land (5%).
32
Biodiversity
The site is not protected under national legislation. The site is not under active management for
protecting the biodiversity. But the site is designated as a Ramsar site under the Ramsar Convention.
The ownership of the site is mixed.

type in site Status
A B C
3130 10 % X fertilization (120), invasion by Water management, remove
species (954), genetic pollution invasive species, sustainable
(964), water pollution (701) aquaculture, limit use of fertilizers
3150 20 % X fish aquaculture (200), Water management, remove
eutrophication (952), invasion by invasive species, sustainable
species (954), genetic pollution aquaculture,limit use of fertilizers
(964) water pollution (701)
6510 2% X grazing (140), fertilization (120), Control use of pesticides and
invasions by species (954), fertilizers, remove invasive species
6430 10 % x modification of hydrographic Remove invasive species
functioning, general (850), invasion
by species (954), grazing (140)
6450 5% x fertilization (120), grazing (140), Control use of pesticides and
invasions by species (954) fertilizers, remove invasive species
7230 25 % X eutrophication (952), Conserve and restore wetlands,
mowing/cutting (102), invasion by prohibit mowing
species (954), genetic pollution
(964)
9160 15 % X 9160: forest exploitation without Sustainable forest management,
replanting (167), discontinuous plan construction
urbanization (402)
91F0 10 % x - -
91E0 x forestry clearance (164), Sustainable forest management,
discontinuous urbanization (402) plan construction
33
Biodiversity
Focal Population Conservation Threats and Impacts Proposed Actions
Species size Status
A B C
Marsilea - X Eutrophication (952) sustainable water management,
quadrifolia sustainable aquaculture
Crex crex - X Removal of hedges and copses Conserve wetlands
(151)
Ciconia - X Energy transport (510), hunting Plan construction
ciconia (230)
Ardea - X Management of aquatic and bank Conserve wetlands, Sustainable
cinerea veg. for drainage (811), forestry forest management
clearance (164), hunting (230)
Ardeola - X Removal of hedges and copses Conserve wetlands
ralloides (151), drying (920), hunting (230)
Egretta alba - X Removal of hedges and copses Conserve wetlands
(151), drying (920), hunting (230)

Removal of aquatic vegetation and mowing of wetlands
Drying out of ponds, empting of ponds
Forestry clearance in the inshore belt
Intense eutrophication by fish food and adding of fertilizers
Invasive animal and plant species ( Amorpha fruticosa)
Over-exploitation arose by fish aquaculture
Eutrophication of river bodies by dung, pesticides, organic dung
Dispersed habitation
Inadequate introduction of species
Hunting.
Prohibit removal of wetlands vegetation
Stop drainage of wetlands
Control introduction of fertilizers
Control hunting
Sustainable aquaculture
Develop agricultural measures
Remove invasive species and control introduction of alien species.
Protect area under national legislation
Develop management plan according to the Ramsar Convention and CBDs directions.
Develop management plan for protected area including measures for restoring habitat types
and species habitats.
34
Biodiversity
10. Srbac
This site is situated on the riverbank of the Vrbas River downstream from Razboj. It includes the area
encircled by the Vrbas and Sava rivers. The largest share of the area is arable land, orchards and
settlements. The site is located on alluvion, deep fluvisol, pseudogley and ilimerised types of soil.
Since the largest proportion of the area makes the estuary of the Vrbas River, oligotrophic and
mesotrophic water communities occur of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea, continued by vegetation of nutrient rich
humid habitat types of Bidention and Chenopodion rubri. Only small areas are covered by humid
grasslands of Agropyro-Rumicion, Agrostion albae. Patches of lowland mowed meadows corresponds to
Alopecurus pratensis dominated plant communities. The most important features of the site is the
flooded hygrophilous forest habitat types with willow and poplar Salicion albae, alder Alnion glutinosae,
ash and snowdrop Leucojo-Fraxinetum, plus Salicion purpureae. Where more drained land, forests of
Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus angustifolia are found, as well as common oak Quercus robur.
At present, a significant area along the riverbank are covered by the invasive species Amorpha fruticosa
and Echinocystis lobata.

type in site Status
A B C
3130 2% x sand and gravel extraction (300), Water management, remove
invasion by species (954), water invasive species, conserve
pollution (701), eutrophication (952) wetlands, sustain use of resources
3270 10 % X sand and gravel extraction (300), Water management, remove
flooding (840), invasion by species invasive species, conserve
(954), water pollution (701), wetlands, sustain use of resources
eutrophication (952)
6510 3% x use of pesticides (110), roads (502), Plan infrastructural construction,
invasions by species (954), agricultural measures, remove
modification of hydrographic invasive species
functioning, general (850),
discontinuous urbanization (402)
91E0 10 % X sand and gravel extraction (300), Sustainable forest management,
modification of hydrographic water management, waste
functioning, general (850) forestry management
clearance (164), discharges (420)
91F0 10 % X sand and gravel extraction (300), Sustainable forest management,
modification of hydrographic conserve wetlands, sustainable use
functioning, general (850) forestry of resources, waste management
clearance (164), discharges (420)
35
Biodiversity
Table 10.2. Natura 2000 focal speciesin site.

size Status
A B C
Ardea cinerea - x use of pesticides (110) Conserve wetlands
Triturus - x water pollution (701) Water management
dobrogicus

Eutrophication
Invasive species
Gravel extraction
Discharges
Pesticides.
Secure waste management
Balanced forestry clearance.
Control use of pesticides
Control gravel extraction and regulate exploitation of natural resources.
36
Biodiversity
11. Bosanska Gradika
The site is situated several kilometers downstream from Bosanska Gradika at the riverbank of the Sava
River, where the Rijeka makes a huge meander. It extends over alluvial deposits and different types of
hydromorphous soil. The site holds typical lowland landscapes under strong influence of continental
climate. Due to severe anthropogenous impacts, a major proportion of the area has undergone
conversion from natural habitat types into agriculture or construction sites. However, the remaining
natural habitats on the inshore belt play a significant role in the landscape of Bosnian part of the
Posavina region.
On the inshore belt of the Sava River, where the water level oscillates over the year, communities of
Isoeto-Nanojucetea are found, which are continued by nitrophilous plant communities of Bidention
tripartiti and Chenopodion rubri. Only a small area holds fragments of reedbeds and sedges. The most
prominent features of the site are provided by different kind of hygrophilous communities of willow and
poplar forests (alliances Salicion albae), then alder (alliance Alnion glutinosae), ash and snowdrop
(association Leucojo-Fraxinetum), mixed forests of oak and elm (Ulmus laevis and U. minor) which on
the better drained soil are replaced by oak-broom communities of Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris
and hornbeam-oak communities of Carpino betuli- Quercetum roboris.
running water (25%), Humid or Mesophile grassland (15%), Broadleaved deciduous woodland (50%) and
arable land (10%).

type in site Status
A B C
3130 X water pollution (701), modification of Sustainable water management
hydrographic functioning (850)
3270 X flooding (840), water pollution (701), Sustainable water management,
invasion by species (954) restore riparian forests, control
invasive species
6510 3% x communication networks (509), roads, Ecosystem approach in physical
motorways (502), soil pollution (703), planning, control invasive species
dykes, embankments (870), species
invasion (954)
91E0 X general forestry management (160), Sustainable forest management,
forestry clearance (164), urbanized sustainable water management,
areas (400), discharges (420), water sustainable waste management,
pollution (701), flooding (840), control alien species, prohibit
invasion by species (954), sand and gravel extraction in wetlands
gravel exraction (300)
91F0 10 % X forestry clearance(164), modification Sustainable forest management,
of hydrographic functioning (850), sustainable water management,
species invasion (954) control invasive species
37
Biodiversity

size Status
A B C
Ciconia ciconia - X forestry clearance(164), Sustainable forest management,
pollution (700), hunting (230) sustainable waste management,
control hunting
Dendrocopos - X electricity lines (511), forestry Planned infrastructural
medius clearance (164) construction
Ciconia nigra - x forestry clearance (164), Sustainable forest management,
pollution (700), hunting (230) sustainable waste management,
control hunting
Ardea cinerea - X management of aquatic and Conserve wetlands, sustainable
bank veg. for drainage (811), forest management
forestry clearance (164)

Gravel extraction
Inadequate waste disposal
Forest clearance
Hunting
Invasive species.
38
Biodiversity
Restore wetland habitat types
Manage forests sustainably and introduce close-to-nature forestry,
Control and sustain hunting
Prohibit gravel extraction in wetlands
Apply ecosystem approach when planning infrastructural construction.
Protect site under appropriate national legislation
Prepare Local environmental Action Plan in order to maintain and protect the wetland areas.
39
Biodiversity
12. Trnopolje and Saniani (Prijedor)
The site encompasses the wetland area of
Prijedorsko polje in which a fishpond for warm-
water fish species was built. The fishpond is located
around the lower flow of the Gomjenica River 10 km
southeast from Prijedor. Today, this fish pond
complex is suitable for the production of warm-
water fish species, such as carp, perch and pike due
to its water quality and general ecological condition.
The main fish pond is built on parapodzolic soil. This
large complex is divided into 34 ponds. The annual
fish production amounts 2000 tons.
Apart from water bodies, the site holds an important
area covered by forests, meadows and pastures,
which encompasses a hunting ground for deer, wild
duck, rabbit, pheasant etc covering 6,000 ha.
The ponds of Saniani provide shelter for many both
hydrophilous and hygrophilous communities.
Especially the coastal belt is inhabited by floating
vegetation of Magnopotamion and Hydrocharition.
Special significance comes to the oligodominant
communities with Nympoides peltata, which in its
flowering stage, with their expressive yellow flowers
give specific features to the entire landscape. In the
coastal belt, on the muddy bottom and with shallow
water, communities of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea occur.
In the coastal zone in the northern and south-eastern part of the lake, various communities of
Magnocaricion and Phragmition are found. Due to intensive natural eutrophication along the Gomjenica
River, Bidention tripartiti and Chenopodion rubric communities occur, which in some places alternate
with communities of high herbaceous wetland vegetation of Filipendulo-Petasition.
Directly on the reed beds follow hygrophilous shrubs from the alliance Salicion purpureae, then white
willow (Salicion alba), black alder (Alnion glutinosae), and fragments of very well-preserved oak forests
Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris and Carpino betuli-Quercetum roboris, which are continued by the
strip of oak-hornbeam woods of peripannonian character.

type in site Status
A B C
3130 3% x drainage (810), management of water Sustainable water management,
levels (853), management of aquatic and ecosystem approach in
bank veg. for drainage (811) management
3150 20 % X eutrophication (952), water pollution Sustainable water management,
(701), fertilisation (120), management of control use of pesticides, restore
aquatic, bank veg. for drainage (811) riparian forests
40
Biodiversity
type in site Status
A B C
3270 10% x management of water levels (853), Sustainable water management,
flooding (840), management of aquatic and restore riparian forests, control
bank veg. for drainage (811), species invasive species
invasion (954), genetic pollution (964)
6510 1% x management of water levels (853), Sustainable water management,
cultivation (100), mowing (102) prohibit vegetation removal
7230 10 % X management of aquatic and bank veg. for Conserve wetlands, sustainable
drainage (811), water pollution (701), water management
modification of hydrographic functioning
(850)
9160 15 % x discharges (420), communication networks Sustainable waste management,
(500), forest exploitation without ecosystem approach, control
replanting (167), invasion by species ( 954) invasive species, apply close-to-
nature forestry
91E0 10 % x forestry clearance(164), modification of Sustainable forest management,
hydrographic functioning (850), invasion by sustainable water management,
species (954), genetic pollution(964) control invasive species
91G0 5% x general forestry management (160), Sustainable forest management,
forestry clearance (164), water pollution sustainable water management,
(701), invasion by species (954), genetic control invasive species
pollution(964)
41
Biodiversity

Species size Status
A B C
Marsilea - x modification of hydrographic Conservation of wetland habitats
quadrifolia functioning (850), management of
aquatic and bank veg. for drainage
(811)
Castor fiber - x general forestry management Sustainable forest management,
(160), dykes, embankments (870) ecosystem approach
Ardea X X removal of hedges and copses Ecosystem approach in
cinerea (151), fish aquaculture (200) agriculture, conserve wetlands,
control of fish fodder quality
Ardeola X X removal of hedges and copses Ecosystem approach in
ralloides (151), fish aquaculture (200) agriculture, conservation of
wetlands, control fish fodder
quality
Egretta alba X X removal of hedges and copses Ecosystem approach in
(151), fish aquaculture (200) agriculture, conserve wetlands,
control of fish fodder quality

Removal of aquatic vegetation
Eutrophication by fish fodder
Improper disposal of waste
Excessive hunting and fishing.
Introduce principles of sustainable aquaculture
Maintain existing conditions for the submerged and floating vegetation
Control hunting and fishing
Control and use environmentally acceptable fish fodder
Apply ecosystem approach in management including when planning infrastructure.
Protect site under appropriate natural legislation
Prepare Local Action Plan for conservation of wetlands.
42
Biodiversity
13. Sprea and Klokotnica
These two small sites are found along the Sprea River near Graanica and lower Brijesnica. The Sprea
River is a tributary to the Bosna River and its mouth is located near Doboj city. This river is 138 km long
and springs in the area of ekovii and flows westwards passing through the alluvial plateau of Spreko
field. The most important tributaries are Gribaja, Oskova, Gostelja, Jala, Sokolua and Brijesnica. The
riverbasin covers 3000km2. Since the Sprea River runs through industrial and power producing zone,
the water quality varies highly.
Along the shore of the Sprea Tiver, hygrophilous vegetation dominated by alder Alnion glutinosae,
white and brittle willow Salicion alba-fragilis and the willow and poplar Salici-Populetum occur, as well
as purple willow Salicion purpureae. On the better drained soil, oak communities Quercion robori-
petreae, and oak-hornbeam communities including Erythronio-Carpinion continue. On steeper slopes,
fragments of alkaline fens are found, then hydrophilous tall herbaceous plants and hygrophilous
grasslands of Deschampsion caespitosae, Alopecurion pratensis and Agropyro-Rumicion. In the coastal
belt on the muddy bottom, fragments of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea exist, while in the armlets with standing
water, fragments of communities with Chara sp. along with fragments of eutrophic floating vegetation
of Magnopotamion are found. In the faster flowing water fragments of Ranunculion fluitantis, and on
nutricient rich riverbanks communities of Bidention tripartite are found. On terrestrial parts, fragments
of mesophilous meadows of Arrhenatherion exist. Arable land are also found in the sites.

type in site Status
A B C
3130 1% x modification of hydrographic Water management measures,
functioning (850), water pollution control use of pesticides, restore
(701), use of pesticides (110), sewage system
canallisation (830)
3140 1% x eutrophication (952), water pollution Control use of pesticides, restore
canallisation (830)
3150 2% x silting up (910), modifing structures of Water management measures,
inland water courses (852), water control use of pesticides, restore
pollution (701), use of pesticides sewage system
(110), canallisation (830)
3260 1% x modification of hydrographic Water management measures,
functioning (850), water pollution control use of pesticides, restore
canallisation (830)
3270 5% x removal of sediments (820), water Control use of pesticides, restore
pollution (701), use of pesticides sewage system
(110), canallisation (830)
6450 2% x flooding (840), invasion by a species Flooding prevention measures,
(954), use of pesticides (110), control use of pesticides, restore
canallisation (830) sewage system
6510 2% x mowing/cutting (102), invasion by a Agricultural measures, control use
species (954), use of pesticides (110), of pesticides, restore sewage
canallisation (830) system
7230 2% x water pollution (701), invasion by a Control use of pesticides
species (954)
91E0 5% X silting up (910), forestry clearance Water management measures,
(164), invasion by a species (954), use Sustainable forest management,
43
Biodiversity
type in site Status
A B C
of pesticides (110) control use of pesticides
91G0 5% x forestry clearance (164), invasion by a Sustainable forest management
species (954)
91L0 2% x forestry clearance (164), invasion by a Sustainable forest management
species (954

size Status
A B C
Emys - X removal of fauna (240), Control fauna collection
orbicularis collection (241)
Alcedo atthis - X pollution (700) Waste management
Ardea cinerea - X forestry clearance (164), Sustainable forest management
Nycticorax - X electricity lines (511), forestry Sustainable forest management
nycticorax clearance (164),
Ciconia - X electricity lines (511), forestry Sustainable forest management
ciconia clearance (164),
44
Biodiversity

Forestry clearance
Taking of fauna
Silting up
Invasion by a species
Modification of hydrographic functioning
Use of pesticides
Water pollution
Canallisation
Modifing structures of inland water courses
Mowing/ cutting.
Control removal of fauna
Improve and integrate water management with nature protection needs
Limit modification in hydrographic functions
Restore sewage system
Control use of pesticides
Introduce agricultural measures.
Protect site under appropriate natural legislation
Develop Local Environmental Action Plan in order to enable conservation of wetlands.
45
Biodiversity
14. Plivska jezera
The site includes the Great and the Small Plivska
Lakes and is a natural aquatic complexes formed in
the lower water course of the Pliva River, which is a
tributary of the Vrbas River. The Plivska Lakes are
located in relatively deep valley of the Pliva River,
between lakes in the west and Jajce city in the east.
The Great Lake is positioned at altitude of about
424m, with a total length of 3,3km and average
width of 400 m. Maximum depth of the lake is 36 m.
The Small Lake is to be found in the continuation of
the Great Lake and is 950 m long, while its average
width is about 200 m. The maximum depth of the
Small lake is 25 m. The Plivska Lakes were formed
thanks to barriers made of travertine during its long
geological history, which includes different both
physico-chemical and biological factors. In the past,
the Lake was significantly disturbed by drainage of
water for needs of hydro-accumulation Jajce, as well
as by construction of artificial barriers that have
modified the natural processes of travertine
formation.
The water quality in Pliva River, as well as in Plivska
lakes, is still very good. They hold habitats of high
biodiversity level. The water in the lakes is extremely
rich in ichthyofauna (grayling, Hucho hucho). In
addition to the rich ichthyofauna, there are also
many amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Vegetation biodiversity is very complex. In the
coastal belt due to unavoidable process of
eutrophication, occurs floating vegetation of
Magnopotamion, which is continuation of reed beds
of Magnocaricion and Phragmition australis. The
most unique features of the area are the occurrence
of alkaline fens of Caricetalia davallianae on
planohistosol soil. This is a shelter for a large number
of relict species and communities (Menianthes trifoliata, Ranunculus lingua, Iris pseudacorus, Carex
davalliana, C. Panicea, Eriophorum latifolium and others). On the coastal belt, especially along the Small
Lake fragments of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea communities occur, while in the armlets communities from
benthic vegetation type with Chara sp. are developed. In the area where the river spreads fragments of
Ranunculion fluitantis communities occur.
In areas, nitrophilous communities of Bidention and Chenopodion rubric are prevailing, whereby -
between hygrophilous meadows and forest communities - communities of Filipendulo-Petasition occur,
which continue to hygrophilous grasslands from the allainces Agropyro-Rumicion, Deschampsion
caespitosae, Molinion coeruleae. In the upper part of the Great Plivsko Lake, communities of transitional
fens are developed. In the coastal zone hygrophilous forests and willow shrubs of Salicion purpureae
and Salicion cinereae, then Salicion albae and Alnion glutinosae occur. Also, oak-hornbeam forests
Querco-Carpinetum betuli occur in higher positions and are on northern facing slopes replaced by beech
forests, while on southern slopes thermophilous oak communities of Quercetalia pubescentis occurs.
46
Biodiversity

type in site Status
A B C
3130 - X 700 (Pollution) Regulate sewage
3140 - X 700 (Pollution) Regulate sewage
3150 - X 952 (eutrophication) Waste management, water
magement in upper part of stream
3260 - X 952 (eutrophication) Waste management, water
magement in upper part of stream
3270 - X 840 flooding Restore riparian forests
6430 - X 421 (disposal of household waste) Waste management
6440 - X 120 (fertilization) Use organic fertilisers
6450 - X 502 (roads, motorways) Ecosystem approach in physical
planning
6510 - X 502 (roads, motorways) Ecosystem approach in physical
planning
7230 - X 420 (discharges), 701 (water Waste management, Regulate
pollution) sewage
7140 - X 420 (discharges), 701 (water Waste management, Regulate
pollution) sewage
91E0 - X 164 (forestry clearance) Sustainable forest management
91G0 - X 164 (forestry clearance) Sustainable forest management
47
Biodiversity
size Status
A B C
Hippuris - X 701 (water pollution) Regulate sewage
vulgaris
Alcedo atthis - X 811 (management of aquatic and Protect Plivsko jezero
bank vegetation for drainage)
Ardea cinerea - x 811 (management of aquatic and Sustainable forest management
bank vegetation for drainage), 164

Waste
Canallisation
Tourism
Unsustainable forestry
Eutrophication
Water taking with energetic and industrial purposes
Infrastructure.
Restore and regulate sewage system
Water monitoring and improved water management
Apply sustainable construction and building activities and control urbanization.
Evaluate natural values of Plivsko jezero
Establish protected area under appropriate national legislation.
48
Biodiversity
15. Ribnjak Prnjavor
The site is situated at the road Derventa-Prnjavor,
near trpci. In the past, large fish ponds were
established on this terrain. These fish ponds are
composed of several hydrologic and producing units.
Good quality water for the fish ponds comes from
different tributaries of the Ukrina River. For
decades, warm-water fish species, such as carp are
produced. Lately, there have emerged various
oscillations in both production and economic plan
due to property transition.
The open water of the fish pond and the numerous
armlets represent today habitats for both
submerged and floating vegetation of
Magnopotamion and Hydrocharition. Especially outstanding are the fragments of well preserved
communities of Nymphaeion albae in the upper ponds with Nuphar luteum.
In the coastal belt on muddy soil, fragments of communities of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea exist along standing
water. This vegetation is continued by discontinuous zone of reed beds. On boggy soil, communities of
Magnocaricetalia and Phragmitetalia are developed. Due to different eutrophication processes,
nitrophilous hydric vegetation of Chenopodion rubri and Bidention occur, which in shadowed places is
continued by hydrophilous tall herb communities of Filipendulo-Petasition. In the coastal belt
communities of hydrophilous forests and shruberies occur, such as purple willow Salicion purpureae,
white willow Salicion albae, alder Alnion glutinosae and oak-broom communities continued by oak-
hornbeam communities. On better drained soil, sessile oak-hornbeam communities prevail. There is a
large area covered by crops of corn, wheat etc.
running water (55%), Humid or Mesophile grassland (10%), Broadleaved deciduous woodland (20%) and
other land (15%).

type in site Status
A B C
3130 1% x 811 ( management of aquatic and bank Remove invasive species,
vegetation for drainage), 954 (invasion sustainable water management
by a species)
3150 10 % X 120 (fertilization), 853 (management of Sustainable water and waste
water levels), 954 (invasion by a species) magement, remove invasive
species, sustainable agriculture,
control fertilizers
3270 5% X 870 (Dykes, embankments, artificial Preserve wetlands, remove
beaches, general), 890 (Other human invasive species,flood control,
induced changes in hydraulic sustainable water management
conditions), 954 (invasion by a species)
6430 5% x 850 (Modification of hydrographic Sustainable water management,
functioning, general), 954 (invasion by a remove invasive species
species), 964 (genetic pollution)
7230 15 % X 102 (mowing / cutting), 701 (water Conserve wetland biodiversity,
pollution), 952 (eutrophication) Sustainable water and waste
49
Biodiversity
management
91E0 15 % X 850 (Modification of hydrographic Sustainable forest and water
functioning, general), 160 (General management
Forestry management), 164 (forestry
clearance)
9160 15 % x 164 (forestry clearance) , 420 Sustainable forest management,
(Discharges), 500 (Communication physical planning with ecosystem
networks) approach

size Status
A B C
Marsilea - X 200 (Fish and Shellfish Aquaculture), 850 Sustainable agriculture,
quadrifolia (Modification of hydrographic functioning, Control fertilizers,
general), 952 (eutrophication), 811 Sustainable water
(management of aquatic and bank management, Conserve
vegetation for drainage) wetland biodiversity
Nymphea alba - X 200 (Fish and Shellfish Aquaculture), 850 Sustainable agriculture,
(Modification of hydrographic functioning, Control fertilizers,
general), 952 (eutrophication), 811 ( Sustainable water
management of aquatic and bank management, Conserve
vegetation for drainage) wetland biodiversity
Crex crex - X 230 (Hunting) Sustainable hunting
Aythya nyroca - X 230 (Hunting) Sustainable hunting
Ardea cynerea - X 811 ( management of aquatic and bank Conserve and restore
vegetation for drainage) wetland ecosystem diversity
Ardea - X 811 ( management of aquatic and bank Conserve and restore
ralloides vegetation for drainage) wetland ecosystem diversity
50
Biodiversity
Eutrophication
Discharges
Invasive species
Uncontrolled exploitation of fish resources
Overhunting
Removal of floating and submerged vegetation.
Apply sustainable use of fish fodder
Control and remove invasive fishes and plants
Restore wetland ecosystems.
Improve and integrate water management with nature protection needs
Sustainable fishery
Manage forests sustainable and introduce close-to-nature forest management
Secure sustainable waste management
Sustain and control hunting.
Establish protected areas for upper ponds with preserved aquatic and wetland communities.
Develop Action Plan for preserving wetland ecosystems and their functions.
51
Biodiversity
16. Odak - Vojskova
The site Vojskova is situated at the Bosna River
mouth on the riverbank of the Sava River. The
backbone of the site makes the armlet of the Bosna
River, which meanders north connecting physically
with the Sava River. In geological respect, this is
alluvial terrain with deep hydromorphous soils. This
armlet is being supplied by underground water both
from Sava and Bosna rivers, as well as by its own
springs. At the and of this armlet, a dam towards the
Sava River regulates the water level. During seasons
with high water in the Sava River, the dam serves as
retention. In warmer periods of the year, when
water level drops, the armlet gets features of natural
occuring habitat types and represents a shelter for numerous species. Among local population this kind
of habitats are known as staraa, and this is one of the largest and best preserved locations currently
in the Bosanska Posavina region.
The territory of Vojskova is situated in the zone of agricultural land with intensive production. Main
biodiversity of Vojskova consists of well preserved communities of eutrophic lakes of the alliances
Magnopotamion and Hydrocharition, in which the most significant are plant communities with Nuphar
luteum and Nymphaea alba, then floating vegetation with ferns Salvinia natans and Marsilea
quadrifolia, as well as the communities from the alliance Lemnion minoris. Around the entire aquatic
area occurs the zone with reed beds from the orders Magnocaricetalia and Phragmitetalia. On muddy
inshore terrain, communities of Isoeto-Nanojuncetea, which are being continued by nitrophilous
vegetation from the alliance Bidention, e.g. Chenopodion rubri. Also smaller areas of the coastal belt
correspond with hygrophilous grasslands from the alliance Agropyro- Rumicion. Terrestrial ecosystems,
along the coastline of Staraa, different hygrophilous shrub communities of Salicion purpureae, Salicion
albae, then white and black poplar of Populion, alder (Alnion glutinosae), and ash and elm communities
have developed. These communities are replaced by hygrophilous oak woods Genisto elatae-Quercetum
roboris. For the ecoton communities, these are mainly peripannonian natural fences with following
species: Euonymus europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Cornus sanguinea etc.
running water (40%), Humid or Mesophile grassland (5%) and arable land (55%).

type in site Status
A B C
3150 5% X 910 (Silting up), 852 (modifying Sustainable water management,
structures of inland water courses) preservation of wetlands biodiversity
3270 <5% X 910 (Silting up), 852 (modifying Maintenance of wetland habitats,
structures of inland water courses) sustainable water management
6510 10 % X 120 (fertilization), 850 (Modification of Sustainable water management,
hydrographic functioning, general) sustainable use of pesticides and
fertilizers
7230 15 % x 300 (Sand and gravel extraction), 164 Sustainable water management,
(forestry clearance), 850 (Modification prohibition of gravel extraction,
of hydrographic functioning) prohibition of lodging in coastal belt
52
Biodiversity
type in site Status
A B C
91E0 20 % X 300 (Sand and gravel extraction), 910 Conservation of wetland biodiversity,
(Silting up), 120 (fertilization) prohibition of gravel extraction,
sustainable water management
Fig. 16.1: Distribution map of Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

size Status
A B C
Ciconia - X 511 (electricity lines), 164 (forestry Ecological corridors in physical
ciconia clearance) planning, sustainable forestry
Ciconia nigra - X 511 (electricity lines), 164 (forestry Ecological corridors in physical
clearance) planning, sustainable forestry
Crex crex - X 151 (removal of hedges and copses), Ecological corridors in physical
164 (forestry clearance) planning, sustainable forestry
Ardea cinerea - X 811 ( management of aquatic and Conservation and restoration of
bank vegetation for drainage), 164 wetland ecosystem diversity
(forestry clearance)
Bombina - X 701 (water pollution) , 853 Conservation and restoration of
variegata (management of water levels) wetland ecosystem
Sustainable waste management
53
Biodiversity
Deforestation in the coastal belt
Removal of wetland vegetation
Waste disposal
Use of fertilizers
Use of pesticides
Invasive species
Disturbances of water regime.
Remove waste
Stop mowing in wetland habitat types.
Control utilisation of natural resources
Apply sustainable waste management and prohibit illegal waste disposal
Apply sustainable fishery and aquaculture
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and regulate hydrological regime to
natural conditions
Apply ecosystem approach in the management and physical planning
Reintroduce traditional land use and agricultural practises.
Establish protected area under appropriate national legislation.
Prepare management plan for the protected area and action plan for biodiversity protection.
54
Biodiversity
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Croatia
17. Sava
This site involves the whole Sava River on Croatian
territory. The length of Sava River in Croatia is 510
km. The river section is managed by Croatian
Waters.
The site covers a total area of 12.373,35 ha. The site
has been included in the Croatian ecological
network. There is no active nature management for
the river stretch.

type in site Status
A B C
3150 X 810 (Drainage),811 (management of Reduce management /cleaning of river
aquatic and bank veg. for drainage), banks from aquatic vegetation. Stop
853 (management of water levels), 870 conversion of natural gravel and sand
(Dykes, embankments, artificial beaches into artificial beaches
beaches)
91E0 0.03 X 811 (management of aquatic and bank Maintain natural vegetation along river
veg. for drainage), 830 (canalisation), banks, incl. reduce management
870 (Dykes, embankments, artificial /cleaning of river banks from
beaches) vegetation
Fig. 17.1. Site map of the Sava River stretch for Croatia.
55
Biodiversity
size Status
A B C
Castor fiber X 811 (management of aquatic and Maintain natural vegetation along
bank veg. for drainage), 830 river banks. Leave narrow line of
(Canalization) , 870 (Dykes, vegetation along bigger channels.
embankments, artificial beaches), Regulate waste disposal and ensure.
422 (disposal of industrial waste) Waste water treatment. Prevent
large river regulation projects
Eudontomyzon 30-45% of X 700 (Pollution), 954 (invasion by a Reduce industrial, agricultural and
spp. national species), 422 (disposal of industrial communal waste water disposal.
population waste) Reduce removal of bank vegetation
and destroying natural pebble and
muddy banks. Ensure undisturbed
fish migration (fish paths)
Leuciscus X 700 (Pollution), 954 (invasion by a Reduce industrial, agricultural and
souffia species), 422 (disposal of industrial communal waste water disposal.
waste) Reduce removal of bank vegetation
and ban extraction of gravel / ban
destruction of natural gravel and
sandbanks. Ensure undisturbed fish
migration. Prevent disturbance of
Sutla river mouth. Ensure
revitalization of Krapina river mouth.

Drainage
Management of water levels
Canalisation
Dykes, embankments, artificial beaches, general
Disposal of industrial waste
Pollution
Invasion by a species.
Develop River Basin Management plan with focus on the Sava river as ecological network site
with its key species
Ensure Management plan implementation
Promote and educate local people on the high biodiversity value of the Sava River.
Present protection status that the river is not categorised as a protected area, but the site is
included in the Croatian ecological network management as ecological network site should be
effective enough to ensure its preservation and favourable conservation status.
56
Biodiversity
18. Sava Hruica
The site alongside the Sava River near Hruica is
an important place for bird species connected to
river habitats. The site is located where the Sava
River slows down in velosity and changes into a
lowland river, with precipitating sediment. The
gravel banks and islands, both bare and
overgrown, have developed and naturally steep
riversides with willow and poplar are well
conserved. This is an area rich in water species,
which makes it a good feeding area for birds and
endangered species such as Sterna albifrons and
Sterna hirundo.
The site is extremely endangered, especially by the
planned construction of a hydro power plant, occasional gravel extraction, water pollution due to
release of waste water from Zagreb city and recreational activities.
The site covers a total area of 1.758,82 ha. The main land use types are water bodies and water flows
(21.23%); wetlands (3.73%); broadleaved forest of willow, poplar, ash, alder and pedunculate oak
(16.24%); arable land with large natural vegetation areas (40.1%); intensively farmed land (11.77%);
active rural areas/urbanized rural areas (5.83%); city housing area (0.33%) and places for mineral
exploitation (0.76%).
One part of the site covering 342.54 ha has been marked for protection as a Special Ornithological
Reserve according to the Croatian protection system. The whole site is included in the Croatian National
ecological network as an important bird area and is planned designated as a Natura 2000 site. There is
no active management.

type in site Status
A B C
91E0 10,09 X 811 (management of aquatic and bank Prevent further large river regulation
veg. for drainage), 830 (canalization), projects (new hydro power plants).
870 (Dykes, embankments, artificial Reduce management /cleaning of
beaches) river banks from vegetation. Maintain
present groundwater levels
91F0 6,15 X 160 (General Forestry management) Prevent further large river regulation
projects (new hydro power plants).
Maintain present groundwater levels.
Adapt forest management practices.
57
Biodiversity
Fig. 18.1. Distribution map of Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Species size Status
A B C
Sterna 50-80p X 820 (Removal of sediments Prevent further river regulation projects,
hirundo (breed) (mud...), 830 (Canalization), further canalization, etc. Prevent
701 water pollution extraction of sand and gravel. Ensure
wastewater treatment and regulate and
monitor wastewater disposal
Sterna 20p (breed) X 820 (Removal of sediments Prevent further river regulation projects,
albifrons (mud...), 830 (Canalization), further canalization, etc. Prevent
701 water pollution) extraction of sand and gravel. Ensure
waste water treatment and regulate and
Alcedo 1-2p X 820 (Removal of sediments Prevent further river regulation projects,
atthis (resident) (mud...), 830 (Canalization), further canalization, etc. Prevent
Ardeola P (stage): R X 820 (Removal of sediments Prevent further river regulation projects,
ralloides (mud...), 830 (Canalization), further canalization, etc. Prevent
Nycticorax P (stage): C X 820 (Removal of sediments Prevent further river regulation projects,
nycticorax (mud...), 830 (Canalization), further canalization, etc. Prevent
Ciconia 1-2i X 820 (Removal of sediments Prevent further river regulation projects,
nigra (breeding)* (mud...), 830 (Canalization), further canalization, etc. Prevent
58
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
Aythya P (stage): R X 820 (Removal of sediments Prevent further river regulation projects,
nyroca (mud...), 830 (Canalization), further canalization, etc. Prevent
Haliaeetus 1-2i X 820 (Removal of sediments Prevent further river regulation projects,
albicilla (resident) (mud...), 830 (Canalization), further canalization, etc. Prevent
Lanius 50-100p X 141(abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive livestock
collurio (breed) systems) farming
Ficedula P (stage) X 820 (Removal of sediments Prevent further river regulation projects,
albicollis (mud...), 830 (Canalization), further canalization, etc. Prevent
Castor fiber non- - -
significant
Lutra lutra Non- - -
significant

Canalization
General Forestry management
Abandonment of pastoral systems
Removal of sediments
Water pollution.
Develop River Basin Management plan with special focus on Sava-Hruica River as a site
included in the Croatian ecological network site with its key species or develop separate
Management plan for the site, including measures for stopping the river canalization, renewing
wetland areas alongside river, and ensuring purification of city waste waters
Capacity build County public institutions in management of protected areas to ensure
Management plan implementation
Educate local people on biodiversity value of the area and its protected species and habitats.
Present protection status of the site is that protection is planned for part of the site as a special
ornithological reserve. The whole site is included in the Croatian ecological network as an
important bird area. Management as ecological network site should be effective enough to
ensure its preservation and favourable conservation status.
59
Biodiversity
19. Savica
The Savica site represents a complex of wetland
habitat types on the left riverside of Sava in the
Zagreb city area. This area is important for nesting,
feeding and wintering of many bird species. Also,
old trees of willows and poplars are of great value
as hollow trees for bats and birds. Besides birds,
the Savica site is an area important for other
protected species such as: Lutra lutra (otter), Emys
orbicularis (pond turtle) and the fish species Aspius
aspius and Cobitis elongatoides. Also, there are
favourable conditions for re-introducing the
regionally extinct Natura 2000 fish species Umbra
krameri.
The armlet Savica has been separated from the Sava River in 1965, where the dyke was built. Today, the
Savica receives water from the outlets of the nearby thermal power plant, which has become the
precondition of its survival. The water discharged from the power plant into the Savica is mixed with
mechanically purified and neutralized water, which is mildly heated. Therefore the water in the Savica
(and also in the Savica site) is never completely frozen so birds can find open water areas also during the
winter period.
The site covers a total area of 79.31 ha. The land use types are water bodies (40%), arable land with
large natural vegetation areas (14.53%); public green surfaces (19.53%); city/housing areas (26.95%).
The invasive species are: Ameiurus melas, Lepomis gibbosus, Carassius gibelio, Gambusia aphinis and
Myocastor coypus.
The armlet Savica is the only armlet left from the Slovenia border to the place Veleevac in Croatia all
the others are buried, meliorated or dried out. Being a part of the city, the area is endangered by
development of the physical and municipality plans and expansion of the city territory.
In 2006, the Savica site was pronounced as an Ornithological Reserve according to Croatian nature
protection scheme. Also, it is part of the Croatian ecological network. The sport-fishing society
Peenica is supervising and taking care of the area. The Croatian Ornithological Society is monitoring
the birds in this area. The site is managed by the Croatian Public Institution for Protected Nature Values,
which is obliged to develop a management plan for the site.
The Natura 2000 focal habitat types: There are no Natura 2000 habitat types in this site.

size Status
A B C
Lanius collurio P (breed):R - -
Nycticorax P (stage):C - -
nycticorax
Sterna hirundo 10p X 220 (Leisure fishing) Regulate fishing activities (number of
(breeding) fisherman, avoiding nesting sites etc.)
Alcedo atthis 1p* (resident) X - -
Halliaetus V* (resident) - -
albicilla
Saxicola rubetra P (stage): R - -
60
Biodiversity
size Status
A B C
Botaurus 1-3i - -
stellaris (wintering)
Ardea cinerea C* (resident) - -
Ardeola ralloides P (stage): V - -
Aythya nyroca R (wintering) - -
Ciconia ciconia P (stage): V - -
Egretta alba P (stage): R - -
Phalacrocorax P (stage): R - -
pygmeus
Lutra lutra - X 490 (Other urbanisation, Regulate/prevent further urbanization
industrial and similar of surrounding area. Ensure waste
activities), 700 (Pollution) water treatment and regulate/monitor
wastewater disposal
Castor fiber - -
Emys orbicularis - X 490 (Other urbanisation, Regulate and prevent further
industrial and similar urbanization of surrounding area.
activities), 700 (Pollution) Ensure wastewater treatment and
regulate/monitor wastewater disposal

Main threats on Natura 2000 focal species:
Leisure fishing
Other urbanisation, industrial and similar activities
Pollution.
Develop River Basin Management plan with special focus on Savica area as national ecological
network site with its key species
Capacity build County public institutions for management of protected areas to ensure
Management plan implementation
Promote site and educate local people on the high biodiversity value of this area
Conserve habitat types and species through an environmental impact assessment of projects
and plans prior to granting permissions.
Present protection status of the site is that in 2006 preventive protection came into force and
the site is part of the Croatian ecological network. In 2009, background document was prepared
for the protection of Savica in the category as ornithological reserve as a part of the Croatian
ecological network.
61
Biodiversity
20. Turopolje
This is a lowland site between the rivers Odra and
Sava. A considerable part of the area is the large
wet meadows, important for nesting of Crex crex,
i.e. 10.7 % of the Croatian population of this
species is nesting in the site. The Quercus robur
forests are developed on the north riverside of the
river Odra, and are very important for
reproduction of Haliaeetus albicilla (white-tailed
eagle). The rest of the habitat types are mosaic
landscapes and willow/poplar forest along Sava.
The site is characterised by well preserved large
wet (periodically flooded) pastures with cattle
herds and native local breeds including the
Croatian Posavian horse and Turopolje pig.
The site covers a total area of 22.749.34 ha. The land use types are city areas (2.43%); intensively
farmed land (10.16%); pastures and natural grasslands (5.08%); pastures and natural grasslands
combined with broadleaved forest (16.45%); broadleaved forest (42.41%); arable land with large natural
vegetation areas (23.33%); water bodies and water flows (0.09%) and wetlands (0.04%).
The site is currently not exposed to larger menaces. Main threats are the change of water level in wet
forests due to drainage, intensive forest management, changes in traditional ways of farming, water
canalling and enhanced or illegal hunting.
One part of the site is protected as an Important Landscape according to Croatian nature protection
scheme. The whole site forms part of the Croatian ecological network and defined as an internationally
important bird area to be included in the Natura 2000 network. The site is managed by the Sisako-
moslavaka and Zagrebaka Counties Public Institutions for Protected Nature Values.

Habitat Coverage Conservation
type in site Status
A B C
6440 4.03 X 110 (Use of pesticides), 141 Ensure incentives for extensive
(abandonment of pastoral systems), livestock farming. Regulate use of
870 (Dykes, embankments, artificial pesticides. Maintain present water
beaches, general) level regime
6510 0.64 X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
systems) livestock farming
91F0 30.66 X 160 (General Forestry management), Prevent further large river regulation
166 (removal of dead and dying trees), projects (new hydro power plants).
230 (Hunting), 853 (management of Maintain present groundwater levels.
water levels) Adapt forest management practices
9160 11.16 X 160 (General Forestry management) Endorse management according to
FSC
91E0 0.45 X 811 (management of aquatic and bank Prevent further large river regulation
870 (Dykes, embankments, artificial Reduce management /cleaning of
beaches, general) river banks from vegetation. Maintain
62
Biodiversity

size Status
A B C
Haliaeetus 2p X 160 (General Forestry From December till June - prohibit all
albicilla (resident) management) management activities in forest
compartments with active nests.
Ensure constant percentage of dead
(standing and lying) and old trees,
especially old cavity trees in all forests
Crex crex 30-40p X 141(abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
(breed) systems) livestock farming
Ficedula 1500-4000p X
albicollis (breed)
th th
Ciconia nigra 3-4p (breed) X 160 (General Forestry From 15 of April till 15 of August -
management) prohibit all management activities in
forest compartments with active nests
Dendrocopos 400-500p X 160 (General Forestry Ensure constant percentage of dead
medius (resident) management), 166 (removal of (standing and lying) and old trees,
dead and dying trees) especially old cavity trees in all forests
Alcedo atthis 2-3p (breed) X
Lanius minor 2-5p (breed) X 141(abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
Lanius collurio 3000-4000p X 141(abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
Ardea cinerea P (stage): R X
63
Biodiversity
size Status
A B C
Saxicola 3000-4000p X
rubetra (breed)
Aquila 1-2p X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
th
pomarina systems), 160 (General Forestry livestock farming. From 15 of April till
th
management) 15 of August prohibit all management
activities in forest compartments with
active nests. Ensure constant
percentage of dead (standing and lying)
and old trees, especially old cavity
trees in all forests
Nycticorax P (stage): R X
nycticorax
Lutra lutra P (resident) X 830 (canalization), 870 (Dykes, Prevent further regulation projects.
embankments, artificial Reduce management /cleaning of river
beaches, general) banks from vegetation
Castor fiber 8 fam X 811 (management of aquatic Prevent further regulation projects.
(resident) and bank veg. for drainage), Stop or reduce management /cleaning
830 (canalization), 870 (Dykes, of river banks from vegetation. Leave
embankments, artificial narrow line of woody and herbaceous
beaches, general) vegetation along watercourses
Myotis
bechsteini
Rhinolophus
ferrumequinum
Miniopterus 94i (breed)
schreibersi
Bombina P (resident) X 810 (Drainage), 700 (pollution) Preserve natural and artificial standing
bombina water bodies in forests and along
forest roads. Stop drainage of wet
habitats. Control waste and
wastewater disposal
Bombina P (resident) X 810 (Drainage), 700 (pollution) Preserve natural and artificial standing
variegata water bodies in forests and along
forest roads. Stop drainage of wet
habitats. Control waste and
wastewater disposal
Emys P (resident) X 810 (Drainage) Actively preserve natural standing
orbicularis water bodies. Keep natural stream
flow. Stop drainage of wet habitats.
Control waste and wastewater disposal
Triturus P (resident) X 810 (Drainage), 700 (pollution) Preserve natural and artificial standing
dobrogicus water bodies rich with vegetation. Stop
drainage of wet habitats. Control waste
and wastewater disposal
Marsilea X 810 (Drainage), 853 Preserve natural and artificial standing
quadrifolia (management of water levels) water bodies. Ensure preservation of
present water level regime

Use of pesticides
Drainage
Canalization
Dykes, embankments, artificial beaches
64
Biodiversity
Hunting
management of water levels
Pollution
Removal of dead and dying trees.
Integrate water management with nature protection needs with focus on securing natural water
regime
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and harmonise with nature protection needs
Develop management plan with special focus on Turopolje as a site in the Croatian ecological
network site with key species and habitat types
Capacity build County public institutions in managing protected areas and ecological network
Ensure management plan implementation
Promote and educate local people on the high biodiversity value of this area as well as on the
importance of extensive livestock farming
Secure financial support for extensive (traditional) agriculture
Regulate hunting and prevent illegal hunting
Present protection status is that one part of the site is protected in the category as important
landscape. The whole site is a part of the Croatian ecological network as an important bird area.
Management of this site by County public institution and appropriate assessment of projects
and plans should ensure maintenance of good conservation status of species and habitats.
65
Biodiversity
21. Odransko polje
This site contains importnat grassland habitat
types and spacious Common oak forests. Together
with the wet grasslands and the Odra River, the
oak forests are very important habitats for some of
Europes endangered bird species like Haliaeetus
albicilla and Crex crex. The Odra River is the source
of water for the floodplain pastures and for the
cattle.
Odransko polje is also a valuable area for cattle-
breeding because of its many pastures. There are
still well preserved extensive grasslands and the
local inhabitants have an interest in maintaining
the extensive livestock farming. Through livestock
farming they will conserve the native breeds, like the Croatian Posavian horse of which almost 70% of
the population is held in this area and the Turopolje pig. Pigs are held in the open throughout the year.
They are maintaining the grassland vegetation and preventing succession of pasture. Extensive livestock
farming is one of the most important measures in biodiversity and landscape conservation at this site.
Odransko polje represents a large part of the retention flood defence system of the Middle Posavina
area. In European context, this retention area is a positive example for flood protection. This is a flood
protection area important not only for Croatia, but also for Slovenia and Bosnia. Some of the protected
species found are Fritillaria meleagris, many of the Orchid sp., Marsilea quadrifolia, 12 species of
amphibian, 7 reptile species, 38 breeding bird species and 31 mammal species.
The site covers a total area of 9.401,90 ha. The land use types are pastures and natural wet grasslands
(26.42%); broadleaved forest (60.55%); arable land with natural vegetation areas (11.87%) and
intensively farmed land (1.17%).
The invasive species is Amorpha fruticosa.
The Odransko polje site is protected as an Important Landscape according to Croatian nature protection
scheme. Odransko polje site is included in the Croatian Ecological Network. The County Public Institution
for Protected Nature Values is managing this site.

type in site Status
A B C
6440 10.48 X 110 (Use of pesticides), 141 Ensure incentives for extensive
(abandonment of pastoral systems), livestock farming. Regulate use of
870 (Dykes, embankments, beaches) pesticides. Maintain water regime
9160 11.81 X 160 (General Forestry management) Endorse management according to FSC
91E0 0.18 X 811 (management of aquatic and bank Prevent large river regulation projects
veg. for drainage), 830 (canalization), (new hydro power plants). Reduce
870 (Dykes, embankments, artificial management /cleaning of river banks
beaches, general) from vegetation. Maintain present
groundwater levels
66
Biodiversity

size Status
A B C
Crex crex 30-40p X 141(abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
(resident) systems) livestock farming
Haliaeetus >2p (breed) - -
albicilla
Ciconia nigra 2-3i* X 160 (General Forestry From 15 Apr15 Aug prohibit
management) management activities in forest
compartments with nests
Alcedo atthis 2-3p X - -
Ficedula 1500-4000p X 160 (General Forestry Ensure constant percentage of dead
albicollis management) (standing and lying) and old trees,
Lanius collurio 3000-4000p X 141(abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
Lanius minor 2-5p X 141(abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
Aquila 1-2i* X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
pomarina (breeding) systems), livestock farming. From 15 Apr15 Aug
160 (General Forestry prohibit management activities in
management) forest compartments with nests
Ensure constant percentage of dead
(standing and lying) and old trees,
Saxicola rubetra 3000-4000p X 141(abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
Ciconia ciconia C (breeding) X 141(abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
67
Biodiversity
Nycticorax P (stage): C X - -
nycticorax
Lutra lutra X 830 (canalization), 870 (Dykes, Prevent further regulation projects.
embankments, artificial Reduce management /cleaning of river
beaches, general) banks from vegetation
Castor fiber 8 fam X 811 (management of aquatic Prevent further river regulation
(resident) and bank veg. for drainage), projects. Stop or reduce management
830 (canalization), 870 (Dykes, /cleaning of river banks from
embankments, artificial vegetation. Leave line of wood and
beaches, general) bush vegetation along watercourses
Rhinolophus - -
ferrumequinum
Emys orbicularis X 810 (Drainage) Actively preserve natural standing
water bodies. Keep natural stream
flow. Stop drainage of wet habitats.
Control waste and wastewater disposal
quadrifolia (management of water levels) water bodies. Ensure present water
regime

Use of pesticides
Removal of dead and dying trees
Hunting
canalization
Drainage
Management of water levels.
Develop Management plan and prepare/adopt Ordinance order with special focus on including
the site in the Croatian ecological network
Entrust management to the owners (or lease holders) though a contract regulating mutual rights
and liabilities as prescribed in Croatian Nature Protection Act
Manage forests sustainably according to FSC forest management principles and criteria
Monitor populations of strictly protected species especially breeding bird species
Secure non-hunting untill mid September. Since quail and Crex crex share same habitat, quail
hunting is endangering the Crex crex
Activate mowing of abandoned grassland habitat types
Apply extensive livestock farming, and ensure incentives
Prevent expansion and intensification of agriculture in the protected area
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and avoid drainage of wetlands with
focus on maintaining existing water regime and leave the site as a natural retention area (and
prevent all of the interventions that could endanger important habitats and species).
Promote and educate local people on the high biodiversity value of this area
Develop program of sustainable tourism based on natural values and local traditional products.
Odransko polje is protected as an important landscape and part of Croatian Ecological Network.
68
Biodiversity
22. Lonjsko polje
The Lonjsko polje Nature Park consists of the central
part of the continental Croatia and the central course
of the Sava River. On both sides of the Sava River,
traditional rural settlements have been well
preserved. Wetlands, one of the most endangered
natural ecosystems and an important part of the
Lonjsko polje Nature Park, represent a great potential
for the preservation of ecological, cultural, economic,
scientific and recreational values.
Over 67% of the Park is classified as lowland riparian
(flooded) forest, representing integral complexes of
oak and ash stands, as well as valuable communities
of alder swamp woods. Wet meadows and pastures
in the Sava valley are extremely important habitats in the conservation of
biodiversity of river ecosystems, and together with the lowland wetland
forests represent a mosaic of the most integral floodplain ecosystem in
the whole bio-geographical area. The wetland habitats of Sava provide
ideal survival conditions for rare animal and plant species. The site
supports more than 2/3 of the Croatian bird population (250 species, 138
of which nest in Lonjsko polje). Also, 58 species of mammals, 16 species
of amphibians, 10 species of reptiles and 27 species of fish are recorded
in this area. Lonjsko polje is at the same time the biggest fish spawning
area in the whole of the Danube basin.
Ecological processes and the dynamics of inundation set the pattern for
the traditional land use, creating a unique mosaic of anthropogenic and
natural habitats, with native breeds such as the Croatian Posavian horse,
the Slavonian Podolian cattle and Turopolje pig. Traditional agriculture and cultivation of autochthon
breeds are still maintained and constitute an important element in the preservation of biological and
landscape diversity.
The natural floodplains occur on both sides of the Sava River. The sites Lonjsko polje, Mokro polje and
Poganovo polje are natural flood retention zones, which have an important role in the flood defence
system. The long-lasting and enduring tradition of adjustment to and living with the floods has created
an outstanding system. Such an approach is still used in the contemporary flood defence system, in
which the natural floodplain areas are deliberately used as floodwater retention areas.
The site covers a total area of 50.208,14 ha. The land use types are water bodies (0.57%); wetlands
(0.72%); arable land with large natural vegetation areas (5.91%); natural grasslands (25.23%); pastures
and natural grasslands combined with broadleaved forest (3.73%); broadleaved forest (57.98%);
intensively farmed land (3.56%); active rural areas-city areas (1.18%) and waste-dump (0.17%). Most of
the area is classified as forest (35.002 ha), then grasslands (4.593 ha), water and wetlands (2.255 ha),
cultivated non-forest land (6.425 ha).
The main reasons of endangerment are meliorating, river regulating, intensifying of farming, extensive
agriculture dying out, changing of water regime in the forests, devastation of carp fishponds, hunting
and illegal hunting, tourism and recreational activities.
Approximately 5% of the area is in private and 95% in national ownership. The site is protected as a
Nature Park. Inside the Park there are two Ornithological Reserves: Krapje ol (25 ha) and Rakita (450
ha). Since this is a protected area, the site is managed by Public Institution Lonjsko polje Nature Park.
Management plan was developed at the end of 2008.
69
Biodiversity
However, the Government of the Republic of Croatia has granted the management of state waters to
the public institution Croatian Waters and the management of state forests to the public institution
Croatian Forests. They are obligated to manage waters and forests according to measures for nature
protection that are given by the Department for Nature Protection (under the Ministry of Culture).
Lonjsko polje are involving all stakeholders in making decisions from its beginnings and in 2004 Lonjsko
polje Associates Council was formed with 24 members, which are representatives of all interested
groups. This Council discusses the benefits of protection and works on finding the best solution for
balancing the Government's plans for flood control and the Sava River chanalisation plans with nature
protection interests.

type in site Status
A B C
3150 0.12 X 810 (Drainage), 811 (management of Maintain open surface of stagnant
aquatic and bank veg. for drainage), waters and clean surface of slow
853 (management of water levels), running waters. Keep connection
870 (Dykes, embankments, artificial between lateral shallow ponds/pools
beaches) and river to maintain water levels
91E0 9.26 X 810 (Drainage), 811 (management of Prevent further large river regulation
aquatic and bank veg. for drainage), projects (new hydro power plants)-
830 (canalization), 870 (Dykes, Reduce management /cleaning of
embankments, artificial beaches) river banks from vegetation. Maintain
91L0 4.56 X - -
Fig. 22.1. Distribution of Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.
70
Biodiversity
size Status
A B C
Alcedo atthis 10-12p X 830 (Canalisation) Avoid regulation and canalisation of
(resident) watercourses to keep water level regime
Aquila 40p (breed) X 141 (abandonment of Ensure incentives for extensive livestock
pomarina pastoral systems), 160 farming. From 15 Apr-15 Aug prohibit all
(General Forestry management activities in forest
management) compartments with nests. Ensure constant
percentage of dead (standing and lying)
and old trees, eg. old cavity trees in forests
Ardeola R (breed), C X 853 (management of water Avoid regulation and canalisation of
ralloides (stage) levels), 952 watercourses to keep present water level
(eutrophication) regime. Remove succession vegetation to
keep diversity of wetland habitats and
vegetation. Maintain open water surfaces.
Prevent regulation /cleaning of bank veg.
Aythya nyroca C (breed) X 230 (Hunting), 952 Prevent poaching and control hunting,
(eutrophication) Produce more education materials on
strictly protected species and intensify
education on acceptable activities
Chlidonias C (breed) X 853 (management of water Avoid regulation and canalisation of
hybridus levels) watercourses to keep water level regime
Ciconia nigra 40-60p X 160 (General Forestry Ensure constant percentage of dead
(breed) management) (standing and lying) and old trees,
especially old cavity trees in forests
Crex crex 230-270p X 141(abandonment of Ensure incentives for extensive livestock
(breed) pastoral systems) farming
Dendrocopos 1600-2200 X 160 (General Forestry Ensure constant percentage of dead
medius (resident) management), 166 (standing and lying) and old trees,
(removal dead/dying trees) especially old cavity trees in all forests
Egretta alba C (breed) X 853 (management of water Avoid regulation and canalisation of
levels), 952 watercourses to keep present water level
Ficedula R (breed), R X 160 (General Forestry Ensure constant percentage of dead
albicollis (stage) management) (standing and lying) and old trees,
especially old cavity trees in all forests. In
Dec-Jun prohibit all management activities
in forest compartments with active nests
Haliaeetus 30-35p X - -
albicilla (resident)
Lanius collurio 4000-5000p X 141(abandonment of Ensure incentives for extensive livestock
pastoral systems) farming
Lanius minor 10-15p X 141(abandonment of Ensure incentives for extensive livestock
pastoral systems) farming
Nycticorax C (stage) X 853 (management of water Avoid regulation and canalisation of
nycticorax levels), 952 watercourses to keep present water level
Phalacrocorax R (stage) X 853 (management of water Avoid water regulation, building barriers
pygmeus levels), 952 etc. on watercourses to keep present
(eutrophication) water level regime. Remove succession
vegetation to keep diversity of wetland
habitats and vegetation. Maintain open
water surfaces. Prevent
regulation/cleaning of bank vegetation
71
Biodiversity
size Status
A B C
Platalea 70-150p X 853 (management of water Avoid regulation and canalisation of
leucorodia (breed) levels), 952 watercourses to keep present water level
Sterna albifrons V (stage) X 853 (management of water Avoid regulation and canalisation of
levels) watercourses to keep present water level
regime together with maintenance of
present water flow
Saxicola rubetra 6000-8000p X 141 (abandonment of Ensure incentives for extensive livestock
(breed) pastoral systems) farming
Sterna hirundo C (stage) X 853 (management of water Avoid regulation and canalisation of
levels) watercourses to keep present water level
regime together with maintenance of
present water flow
Rhinolophus - -
ferrumequinum
Myotis myotis - -
Miniopterus 1162i - -
schreibersi (breed)
Rhinolophus - -
hipposideros
Myotis blythii - -
Myotis - -
bechsteini
Barbastella 83i (breed) - -
barbastellus
Bombina P (resident) X 810 (Drainage) Preserve natural standing water bodies.
variegata Keep natural stream flow. Stop drainage of
wet habitats
Emys orbicularis P (resident) X 810 (Drainage) Actively preserve natural standing water
bodies. Keep natural stream flow. Stop
drainage of wet habitats
Triturus P (resident) X 810 (Drainage) Actively preserve natural standing water
dobrogicus bodies. Keep natural stream flow. Stop
Bombina P (resident) X 810 (Drainage) Actively preserve natural standing water
bombina bodies. Keep natural stream flow. Stop
Eudontomyzon P (resident) X - -
spp.
quadrifolia (management of water water bodies. Ensure preservation of
levels) present water level regime
Castor fiber 12 fam X 811 (management of Stop or reduce management /cleaning of
(resident) aquatic and bank veg. for river banks from vegetation. Leave narrow
drainage) line of woody and herbaceous vegetation
along watercourses
Lutra lutra P (resident) 830 (canalization), 870 Prevent regulation projects. Reduce
(Dykes, embankments, cleaning of river banks from vegetation
artificial beaches, general)
72
Biodiversity
Drainage
Management of aquatic and bank veg. for drainage
Canalization
Hunting
Eutrophication.
Ensure Management plan implementation as well as implementation of its action plans
Search for additional funding for implementation of action plans
Endorse extensive livestock farming and ensure incentives searching for additional funding
Continue successful cooperation with Associates Council for Lonjsko Polje and Associates
Council for Donja Posavina in management plan implementation.
Maintain wetland habitats and secure natural water regime that ensures conservation status of
populations of many wetland birds and other wetland species
Preserve small river effluents with maintaining their connection to river
Develop actions for active removal of invasive species Amorpha fruticosa
Promote and educate local people and tourists on the biodiversity value of this area
Develop program for sustainable tourism using local traditional products and crafts.
Lonjsko polje is protected as Nature Park. In the site, there are two ornithological reserves:
Krapje ol (25 ha proclaimed in 1963) and Rakita (450 ha in 1969).
73
Biodiversity
23. Sunjsko polje
The site is a lowland area by the Sunja River and
includes large wet grasslands, flooded forests of
pedunculate oak and alder. The Sunjsko polje
borders with Lonjsko polje Nature Park.
The site has a high landscape value due to dynamic
variety of broad pastures with cattle and horse
herds and pigs including the native breed Croatian
Posavian horse, forest areas and villages with
traditional architecture. The cattle and horses
inhibit succession of grasslands and conserve
valuable habitats. The wet grasslands are
important nesting areas for the endangered
species Crex crex and Circus pygargus.
The forests, which are part of the wide swamp habitats alongside Sava, are important nesting areas for
the endangered bird species: Haliaeetus albicilla, Aquila pomarina, Ciconia nigra, Dendrocopos medius
and Ficedula albicolis. Besides the abovementioned species, the site also hosts the endangered species
Lutra lutra (otter).
The site covers a total area of 20.368,89 ha. The land use types include city areas (1.3%); intensively
farmed land (2.14%); pastures and natural grasslands (5.29%); pastures and natural grasslands
combined with broadleaved forest (11.05%); broadleaved forest (58.7%); arable land with large natural
vegetation areas (16%); wetlands and water bodies (0.37%); water flows (3.05%); wetlands and
broadleaved forest (0.51%).
The site is currently not exposed to heavy risks. The main threats are change of water level in wet
forests due to drainage, intensive forest management, changes in traditional ways of farming, water
chanalisation; enhanced or illegal hunting; non-regulated recreational activities and tourism.
The area is proposed protected as an Important Landscape according to Croatian nature protection
shcheme. Due to ornithological values, the Lower Posavina is included in the Croatian ecological
network and will become an internationally important bird area under the Natura 2000 network. The
site includes a small locality Draiblato (20.63 ha) protected as a Special Ornithological Reserve. Part of
this Special Ornithological Reserve is managed by the Sisako-moslavaka County Public Institution for
Protected Nature Values, and the Public Institution will manage the future Important Landscape site.

type in site Status
A B C
3130 X
3150 X
164 (forestry clearance), 166 (removal projects (new hydro power plants).
of dead and dying trees), 810 Maintain present groundwater levels
(Drainage), 830 (canalization) Adapt forest management practices
9160 7.29 X 160 (General Forestry management), Endorse management according to FSC
166 (removal of dead and dying trees)
91E0 1.89 X 811 (management of aquatic and bank Prevent further large river regulation
870 (Dykes, embankments, artificial Reduce management /cleaning of river
beaches, general) banks from vegetation. Maintain
74
Biodiversity
6450 X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive

Species size Status
A B C
Alcedo 10-12p X 701 (water pollution), 952 Reduce industrial, agricultural and
atthis (resident) (eutrophication) communal waste water disposal. Ensure
wastewater treatment. regulate and
Aquila 1-2p (breed) X 160 (General Forestry From 15 Apr-15 Aug prohibit all
pomarina management) management activities in forest
compartments with nests. Ensure dead
(standing and lying) and old trees, eg. old
cavity trees in forests
Ardea C* X 952 (eutrophication) Ensure wastewater treatment and
cinerea (resident) regulate/monitor waste water disposal.
Avoid water regulation, building barriers
etc. on watercourses to keep present
water regime. Remove succession veg. to
veg. Maintain open water surfaces
Ardeola R (stage) X 952 (Eutrophication) Ensure wastewater treatment and
ralloides regulate/ monitor waste water disposal.
Avoid water regulation, building barriers
75
Biodiversity
veg. Maintain open water surfaces.
Ciconia 2-3p X 101 (modification of cultivation Ensure incentives for extensive livestock
ciconia practices), 141 (abandonment of farming
pastoral systems)
Ciconia 2-3p (breed) X 160 (General Forestry From 15 Apr-15 Aug prohibit all
nigra management) management activities in forest
compartments with active nests
Ensure dead (standing and lying) and old
trees, especially old cavity trees in forests
Crex crex 20-30p X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive livestock
(breed) systems) farming
Dendrocopos 150-180p X 160 (General Forestry Ensure constant percentage of dead
medius (breed) management), 166 (removal of (standing and lying) and old trees,
dead and dying trees) especially old cavity trees in all forests
Egretta alba C (stage) X 952 (eutrophication) Avoid water regulation, building barriers
Ficedula C (breed) X 160 (General Forestry Ensure constant percentage of dead
albicollis management) (standing and lying) and old trees,
Haliaeetus 1-2p (breed) X 160 (General Forestry In Dec-Jun prohibit all management
albicilla management) activities in forest compartments with
nests. Ensure dead (standing, lying) and
old trees, eg. old cavity trees in forests
Lanius C (resident) X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive livestock
collurio systems) farming
Lanius 2-3p X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive livestock
minor systems) farming
Nycticorax C* (breed) X 952 (Eutrophication) Avoid water regulation, building barriers
nycticorax etc. on watercourses to keep present
Sterna C (stage) X 952 (Eutrophication) Avoid water regulation, building barriers
hirundo etc. on watercourses to keep present
Saxicola C (stage) X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive livestock
rubetra systems) farming
Castor fiber P (resident) X - -
Lutra lutra P (resident) X - -
Marsilea X 810 (Drainage) Actively preserve natural standing water
quadrifolia bodies. Keep natural stream flow. Stop
76
Biodiversity
Modification of cultivation practices
Eutrophication
Drainage
Water pollution
Forestry clearance
Canalization
Management of aquatic and bank veg. for drainage
Dykes, embankments, artificial beaches, general.
Develop Management plan. As a part of the Croatian ecological network and if protected by
national law, the site will be managed by county administration for managing protected areas.
Alternatively transfer management to the Lonjsko polje administration, since Lonjsko polje
borders with Sunjsko polje.
Entrust part of the conservation activities to landowner or land user
Capacity build County administration for managing protected areas
Secure funding and incentives for extensive livestock farming
Promote and educate local people on the high biodiversity value of this area
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and avoid drainage of wetlands
Develop program of sustainable tourism based on natural values and local traditional products
Prevent reallocation of pastures to arable land
Start active mowing of grassland habitat types in succession.
77
Biodiversity
24. Ribnjaci Lipovljani
This is one of the nine carp fishponds in Croatia.
Carp fishponds are artificial wetland areas of great
landscape and ornithological value. The site
contains a complex of carp fishponds with well
developed emerged and floating vegetation and
surrounded by oak forests, mesophyllus meadows
and mosaic agricultural landscape. Nearby the site
the Pakra Lake is located, which is an important
area for nesting and wintering of wetland birds.
The fishpond borders with Lonjsko Polje Nature
Park. The wider area of the Lower Posavina,
including the Lipovljani fishponds, is a complex of
internationally important wetland habitats for
birds evaluated as a potential Natura 2000 site.
Many bird populations depend on this area such as the Haliaeetus albicilla, Chlidonias hybrida,
Chlidonias nigra, Aythya nyroca, Rallus aquaticus, Porzana spp., Podiceps nigricollis, Ardea cinerea. It is
also an important site for Lutra lutra (otter).
The site covers a total area of 1.940,47 ha. The land use types are city areas (1.9%), intensively farmed
land (7.18%); pastures and natural grasslands (5.36%); pastures and natural grasslands combined with
broadleaved forest (0.88%), broadleaved forest (18.05%); water bodies (46.11%); arable land with large
natural vegetation areas (15.38%) and wetland area combined with roads and railways (5.15%).
The main threat is the possible loss of the carp fishponds due to termination of fish production,
intensification of agriculture and enhanced or illegal hunting.
The site is part of the Croatian ecological network. The site is managed by Croatian Forests, which have
no interest in fish production. Since the site is a part of Croatian ecological network, the Sisako-
moslavaka County Public Institution for Protected Nature Values is responsible for nature protection of
the area, but an actual management plan has not yet been established.

type in site Status
A B C
9160 10.72 X 160 (General Forestry management) Adapt forest management practices
Endorse management according to FSC
91E0 0.73 X 160 (General Forestry management), Maintain present groundwater levels
166 (removal of dead and dying trees), Adapt forest management practices
230 (Hunting), 810 (Drainage), 853
(management of water levels)
91F0 6.6 X 870 (Dykes, embankments, artificial Reduce management /cleaning of river
beaches, general) banks from vegetation. Maintain
78
Biodiversity

size Status
A B C
Alcedo atthis 1-2 (resident) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Ardea cinerea C (resident) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Ardeola ralloides R(stage) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Aythya nyroca 20p (breed), X 230 (Hunting), Abandonment of More severe control of bird hunting
200-300i fish farming in the area. Ensure incentives for
(stage) fish farming
Chlidonias 150-200p X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
hybridus (breed)
Ciconia ciconia 5-6i* X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Ciconia nigra 6-8i* X
Dendrocopus 10-15p X 160 (General Forestry Ensure dead (standing and lying)
medius management), 166 (removal of and old trees, eg. old cavity trees in
dead and dying trees) forests
Egretta alba C (stage) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Haliaeetus 10-20i* X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Nycticorax C(stage) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
nycticorax
Platalea 20-40i* X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
leucorodia
Saxicola 20-30p X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
rubetra (breed) systems) livestock farming
Sterna hirundo X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Lutra lutra P (resident) 210 (Professional fishing) Retain extensive and half-intensive
fish production
79
Biodiversity
size Status
A B C
Emys - X - -
orbicularis
Bombina - X - -
bombina
Bombina - X - -
variegata
Castor fiber - X 810 (Drainage) Stop drainage of wet habitats

Hunting
Abandonment of fish farming
Professional fishing
Drainage
Protect the site as a Special Ornithological Reserve.
Develop management plan
Capacity build County administration of protected areas to ensure management plan
implementation
Educate local people on the high biodiversity values and its protected species and habitat types
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and prevent changes in water
regime in cooperation with Croatian Forests with focus on maintaining water regime
necessary for fish breeding
Ensure financial support for extensive and half-intensive fish production
Manage forests sustainable and introduce close-to-nature forestry to secure the quality and
diversity of flora and fauna
Associate the protection, management and marketing of the site with the activities of the
Lonjsko Polje Nature Park
Stimulate traditional fish farming and maintain extensive carp production
Regulate and control hunting and prevent illegal hunting.
80
Biodiversity
25. Ribnjaci Slobotina/Vrbovljani
The site contains a complex of carp fishponds with
well developed emerged and floating vegetation
and surrounded by oak forest, mesophyllus
meadows and mosaic agricultural landscape.
Fishponds are important places for wetland bird
reproduction as well as nutrition place for
breeding birds that nest in nearby Lonjsko Polje
Nature Park. This fishpond borders with Lonjsko
Polje Nature Park. Wider area of Lower Posavina
(including Lipovljani fishponds) is a complex of
internationally important wetland habitats for
birds and is evaluated as a potential NATURA 2000
area. In the future it is recommended to combine
promotional activities and fishpond protection for this site with the existing promotional activities of the
Lonjsko Polje Nature Park. This site is an important area for wetland birds as well as water and wetland
vegetation. Its a breeding site for Chlydonias hybridus and an important site for wintering of the birds.
Total size of the site: 1 352.95 ha. Land use: intensively farmed land (3.2%); leaf forest (5.35%); water
bodies (37.97%); natural wet grasslands (53.49%).
The main threats are: the possible loss of carp fishponds due to termination of fish production (without
the production and maintenance of water regime, the fishponds grow with vegetation in a few years),
intensification of agriculture and enhanced or illegal hunting. The protection and marketing of this area
should be associated with Lonjsko Polje Nature Park.
The site is included in Croatias National ecological network. A private company, which has a hunting
concession, is managing the maintenance of water regime. Fish production has been neglected the last
few years, but the water regime has been maintained because of the hunting. Few of important ponds
were drained and crops for deer nutrition were planted instead. The fishpond area is an active hunting
zone. Since the site is a part of Croatias National ecological network, the Brodsko-posavska Countys
Public Institution for Protected Nature Values is responsible for nature protection of the area, but an
actual management plan for the Public Institution has not yet been established. Required protection
measures are: to prevent the change of water regime necessary for wetland birds, to ensure the
financial support for extensive and half-intensive fish production and regulate hunting.

type in site Status
A B C
91F0 4 X 160 (General Forestry management), Maintain present groundwater levels
850 (Modification of hydrographic Adapt forest management practices
functioning, general)
6440 53,48 X 141 (abandonment of pastoral systems), Ensure incentives for extensive
850 (Modification of hydrographic livestock farming. Maintain present
functioning), 852 (modifying structures water level regime. Prevent drainage
of inland water courses), 853 of water
81
Biodiversity

size Status
A B C
Alcedo atthis 1* (resident) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Ardea cinerea C* (resident) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Ardeola ralloides R (stage) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Aythya nyroca C (breed) X 230 (Hunting), Abandonment More severe control of bird hunting.
of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Chlidonias C (breed) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
hybridus
Ciconia nigra 6-8i* (breed) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Dendrocopus 1-2p X 160 (General Forestry Ensure dead (standing, lying) and old
medius (resident) management), 166 (removal trees, eg. old cavity trees in forests
of dead and dying trees)
Egretta alba C (stage) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Haliaeetus 2-4i* (breed) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
albicilla
Lanius collurio C (breed) X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
Nycticorax C (breed) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
nycticorax
Platalea R (stage) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
leucorodia
Saxicola rubetra 200-300p X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
Sterna hirundo C (stage) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Emys orbicularis - X 810 (Drainage) Preserve natural and artificial water
bodies. Stop drainage of wet habitats
Bombina - X 810 (Drainage) Preserve natural and artificial water
bombina bodies. Stop drainage of wet habitats
Bombina - X 810 (Drainage) Preserve natural and artificial water
variegata bodies. Stop drainage of wet habitats
Castor fiber - X 811 (management of aquatic Stop drainage of wet habitats. Leave
and bank veg. for drainage) narrow line of tree and bush
82
Biodiversity
size Status
A B C
vegetation along water bodies
Lutra lutra - X 810 (Drainage) Stop or at least reduce management
/cleaning of banks from vegetation.
Leave narrow line of tree and bush
vegetation along water bodies

Drainage
Hunting
Modification of hydrographic functioning, general
Modifying structures of inland water courses
Develop Management plan
Capacity build County Administration of protected areas to ensure management plan
implementation
Educate local people on biodiversity value of the area and its protected species and habitats.
regime in cooperation with the private company managing waters
Stimulate traditional fish farming
Control hunting and prevent illegal hunting.
83
Biodiversity
26. Pranik
The site is a part of an old forest Pranik protected
as a Forest Reserve since 1965. It is characterized
with two types of flooded oak forest: Genisto
elatae-Quercetum roboris type and Carpino
betuli.Quercetum roboris type. The forest is
approximately 300 years old. 1500 trees of
Common oak (Quercus robur) up to 300 years old
are between 70-200 cm in diameter.
The forest is endangered due to disrupted water
regime.
The site covers a total area of 57,07 ha. The site is
completely in state ownership.
The site is protected as a Special Forest Reserve and is included in the Croatian ecological network. The
site has been omitted from regular forest management. The site is managed by the public institution
Croatian Forests, which is obliged to incorporate measures of nature protection, which are prescribed
by the Department for nature protection under the Ministry of culture in their forest management plan.
Implementation of prescribed nature protection measures - or rather the control of the implementation
- is difficult due to lack of rangers in protected areas, especially for this site since the County Public
Institution for Protected Nature Values only has two employees. Also, this site is still partly mined so it is
very difficult to access the area.

type in site Status
A B C
9160 X - -
91F0 X 850 (Modification of hydrographic Maintain present groundwater
functioning, general), 852 (modifying levels
structures of inland water courses)
84
Biodiversity
The Natura 2000 focal species: There are no Natura 2000 species in site.

Main threats on Natura 2000 focal habitat types:
Modifying structures of inland water courses.
Develop management plan and prepare/adopt Ordinance order specifying protection measures
Ensuring management plan implementation.
Integrate water management with nature protection needsa and prevent changes of water
regime.
85
Biodiversity
27. Jelas polje
The site contains a complex of carp fishponds with
well developed emerged and floating vegetation
and surrounded by oak forest, mesophyllus
meadows and mosaic agricultural landscape. The
nearby agricultural area is included because it is
important for migration and wintering of Grus grus
(crane). Two forests important for breeding of
Haliaeetus albicilla and Ardea cinerea are also
included in this site. The fishponds are important
breeding site for wetland birds such as Platalea
leucorodia, Chlydonias hybridus, Larus ridibundus,
Anser anser and for migration and wintering. This
is also an important site for Lutra lutra (otter).
In the east part of the fishpond complex (1.086 ha) fish production was stopped in 2000 and this part is
now neglected. There is a hunting zone established in the active part of the fishponds.
The site covers a total area of 10,430.94 ha. The land use types are intensively farmed land (35.97%);
arable land with large natural vegetation areas (0.82%); broadleaved forest (23.31%); water bodies and
water flows (21.78%); natural wet grasslands (12.84%) and wetlands with broadleaved forest (0.1%).
The main threats are possible loss of carp fishponds due to termination of fish production (without the
production and maintenance of water regime, the fishponds grow with vegetation in a few years),
intensification of agriculture and enhanced or illegal hunting.
One part of the site is protected as a Special Ornithological Reserve. The site is included in the Croatian
ecological network and will be designated as a Natura 2000 site. One part of Jelas polje has been
protected since 1995 as an Important Landscape. The area is also internationally recognised because it
has been pronounced as a international important bird area (IBA). The fishponds are partly (1.219 ha)
managed by a private company. The Brodsko-posavska County Public Institution for Protected Nature
Values is responsible for the nature protection of the area.

type in site Status
A B C
91F0 21.24 160 (General Forestry management), 166 Maintain present groundwater
(removal of dead and dying trees), 850 levels. Adapt forest
(Modification of hydrographic functioning, management practices
general), 852 (modifying structures of inland
water courses)
6440 11.87 810 (Drainage), 850 (Modification of Maintain present water level
hydrographic functioning, general), 852 regime. Prevent any kind of
(modifying structures of inland water courses), water-drainage.
853 (management of water levels)
86
Biodiversity

size Status
A B C
Emys orbicularis - X 810 (Drainage) -
Barbastella - X - -
barbastellus
Miniopterus - - -
schreibersi
Alcedo atthis 1-2p* X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
(resident)
Ardea cinerea C (breeding) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Ardeola ralloides C (breeding) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Aythya nyroca C (breeding) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Chlidonias C (breeding) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
hybridus
Ciconia nigra 2-6i* X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
(breeding)
Dendrocopos 100-120p X 160 (General Forestry Ensure dead (standing and lying)
medius (resident) management), 166 (removal of and old trees, eg. old cavity trees in
dead and dying trees) forests
Egretta alba C (staging) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Ficedula albicollis 2000-5000p X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
(breeding)
Haliaeetus 1-2p X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
Lanius collurio C (breeding) X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
87
Biodiversity
size Status
A B C
Nycticorax C (breeding) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
nycticorax
Phalacrocorax C (breeding) X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
pygmeus
Platalea 40-70p X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
leucorodia (breeding)
Saxicola rubetra 120-140p X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
(breeding) systems) livestock farming
Sterna hirundo 10-20p X Abandonment of fish farming Ensure incentives for fish farming
(breeding)

Drainage
Capacity build County Administration of protected areas to ensure Management plan
implementation
Educate local people on the high biodiversity value and its protected species and habitat types
regime and water level in wet forest habitat types
Stimulate traditional fish farming and extensive agriculture
Ensure financial support for extensive and half-intensive fish production
Conduct restoration of wet grasslands in area.
88
Biodiversity
28. Dvorina
The site is a flooded area between the Sava River
and the east dyke near the town Slavonski Brod
and the village Donja Bebrina.
The importance of this area is the large wet
grasslands, old armlets with rich water and
wetland vegetation and numerous temporary
ponds developed after the flood. The grasslands
are used for cattle grazing, although lately, the
number of cattle is reduced. The area is important
for birds, especially the largest pond Dvorina.
The site covers a total size of 2.066,34 ha. The land
use types are water flows (6.23%); natural wet
grasslands (53.51%); wetlands (1.82%); wetlands combined with broadleaved forest (2.42%);
broadleaved forest (11.78%); intensively farmed land (21.72%); arable land with large natural vegetation
areas (0.09%); and city areas (2.42%).
The main threats for the site are the abandonment of extensive agriculture and reduction of cattle
numbers, which as a consequence induce succession of pastures.
One part of the area is protected as a Special Ornithological Reserve since 1988 (1.066,68 ha). The site is
included in the Croatian ecological network. The site is managed by the Brodsko-posavska County Public
Institution for Protected Nature Values.

type in site Status
A B C
3150 - X - -
91E0 0.49 X - -
89
Biodiversity

Species size Status
A B C
Alcedo atthis 1-2i* X - -
Ardea C* X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
cinerea to ensure natural flooding (periods
with shallow water for feeding) and
circulation of fresh water
Ardeola R(stage) X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
ralloides to ensure natural flooding (periods
Aythya R(stage) X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
nyroca to ensure natural flooding (periods
Chlidonias 15-20p X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
hybridus (breeding) to ensure natural flooding (periods
Ciconia C X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
ciconia (breeding) systems) livestock farming
Ciconia nigra 2-5i* X 160 (General Forestry management), From 15 Apr-15 August prohibit all
management activities in forest
compartments with nests. Ensure
dead (standing and lying) and old
trees, eg. old cavity trees in forests
Dendrocopos 10-20p X 160 (General Forestry management), Ensure dead (standing, lying) and old
medius (resident) 166 (removal of dead & dying trees) trees, eg old cavity trees in forests
90
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
Egretta alba C* X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
(breeding) to ensure natural flooding (periods
Haliaeetus 1-2i* X 160 (General Forestry management) In Dec-Jun prohibit all management
albicilla (resident) activities in forest compartments
with nests. Ensure dead (standing
and lying) and old trees, eg. old
cavity trees in forests
Lanius C X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
collurio (breeding) systems) livestock farming
Nycticorax C* X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
nycticorax (breeding) to ensure natural flooding (periods
Platalea 20-30i* X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
leucorodia (breeding) to ensure natural flooding (periods
Saxicola C (stage) 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
rubetra systems) livestock farming
Sterna 100-200p X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
hirundo (breeding) to ensure natural flooding (periods

Eutrophication
Removal of dead and dying trees.
implementation
Present protection status is that the site is protected as Important Landscape and part of
Croatian ecological network, which should be effective enough to ensure conservation and
favourable conservation status of habitat types and species.
91
Biodiversity
29. Gajna
The site is a flooded area between the Sava River
and the east dyke near Slavonski Brod and the
village Oprisavci. The importance of this area is
large wet grasslands, old armlets with rich water
and wetland vegetation as well as numerous
alluvial depressions, in which flood water is
retained in spring and autumn even after it is
suppressed back into Sava. The biggest of them,
Velika Gajna, covers 5 ha and is an important area
for Marsilea quadrifolia. The grasslands are being
used for cattle grazing.
Gajna is a typical slavonian flooded pasture for the
Sava River. The grasslands are being used for cattle
grazing, although the cattle number has decreased over the years. However, the native cattle breed
Slavonian Podolian cattle was reintroduced a couple of years ago. The cattle are held on the pasture
throughout the year. One of the aims of having these particular cattle is the repression of the invasive
species Amorpha fruticosa. The results are excellent with more than half of the grasslands overgrown
with Amorpha fruticosa are now without the invasive species due to these cattle. This has significantly
improved biodiversity and land use at this area.
The site covers a total size of 565.81 ha. The land use types are water flows (8.94%); natural wet
grasslands (67.86%); city areas (11.84%); intensively farmed land (10.83%); and arable land with large
natural vegetation areas (0.54%).
The invasive species is Amorpha fruticosa. The main threat for the site is abandonment of extensive
agriculture and reduction of cattle numbers, which as a consequence induces succession of pastures.
The site is completely in state ownership. One part of the site is protected as an Important Landscape
since 1990 (280 ha). The site is included in the Croatian ecological network. The local NGO Brodsko
ekoloko drutvo is actively managing the area by ensuring a favorable water regime for Velika Gajna.
The site is also under the management of the Brodsko-posavska County Public Institution for Protected
Nature Values.

type in site Status
A B C
6440 14.87 x 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
systems), 850 (Modification of livestock farming. Maintain present
hydrographic functioning, general), water level regime. Prevent any kind of
852 (modifying structures of inland water-drainage
water courses), 853 (management of
water levels), 954 (invasion by species)
3150 - X 850 (Modification of hydrographic Maintain connection with Sava River.
functioning, general), 852 (modifying Ensure present flooding regime
structures of inland water courses),
3130 - X 850 (Modification of hydrographic Maintain connection with Sava River.
functioning, general), 852 (modifying Ensure present flooding regime
structures of inland water courses),
92
Biodiversity

Species size Status
A B C
Alcedo atthis 1-2i* X - -
(resident)
Lanius C (resident) X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
collurio systems) livestock farming
Ciconia nigra 2-5i* X 160 (General Forestry During 15 Apr-15 August prohibit all
(breeding) management), management activities in forest
dead (standing, lying) and old trees,
eg. old cavity trees in forests
Halliaetus 1-2i* X 160 (General Forestry During Dec-Jun prohibit all
compartments with active nests in
nearby forests where the bird is
nesting. Ensure dead (standing, lying)
and old trees in forests
Saxicola 30-40p X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
rubetra (breeding) systems) livestock farming
Ciconia X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
ciconia systems) livestock farming
Aythya R X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
nyroca (stage) to ensure natural flooding (periods
Nycticorax C* X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
nycticorax (breeding) to ensure natural flooding (periods
93
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
Ardea C* X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
cinerea (resident) to ensure natural flooding (periods
Ardeola R(stage) X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
ralloides to ensure natural flooding (periods
Egretta alba C* X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
(breeding) to ensure natural flooding (periods
Marsilea X 850 (Modification of hydrographic Maintain connection with river Sava.
quadrifolia functioning), 852 (modifying Ensure present flooding regime
structures of inland water courses)
Platalea 20-30i* X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
leucorodia (breeding) to ensure natural flooding (periods
Sterna C(stage) X 952 (eutrophication) Maintain connection with Sava river
hirundo to ensure natural flooding (periods

Invasion by species
Eutrophication
Abandonment of pastoral systems.
Develop management plan in-cooperation with County Administration of Protected Nature
Values and the local NGO Brodsko ekoloko drutvo.
Ensure financial support for conservation of biodiversity.
implementation
Educate local people on the biodiversity value of the area and its protected species and habitats.
Secure incentives for extensive livestock and ensure permanent extensive livestock on pastures
After the flooding period, keep 10-15 percentage of the area flooded
Maintain 10 percent of the total area with autochthonous forest vegetation.
94
Biodiversity
30. Spavanski bazen
This site consist of a forest area with
representative flooded forests of Common oak,
Black alder and Ash and is situated in the east part
of Croatia, at the border with Serbia and Bosnia
and Herzegovina. The forest is combined of areas
of different age which are managed on a regular
basis, except for two Forest Reserves. The area has
several rivers, Virovi, Spava, Studva etc., with
water and wetlands vegetation. Breeding birds of
the area are Haliaeetus albicilla and Ciconia nigra.
The pastures are very poor so the number of
nesting pairs of birds that feed on these areas is
limited.
The goal is to protect the following species: Aquila pomarina, Ciconia nigra, Dendrocopos medius,
Ficedula albicollis, Haliaeetus albicilla and Picus canus.
The site covers a total size of 42.992,47 ha. Land use: water flows (0.13%); natural wet grasslands
(1.08%); wetlands combined with broadleaved forest (0.06%); wetlands (0.12%); broadleaved forest
(96.97%); intensively farmed land (1.42%); arable land with large natural vegetation areas (0.23%).
The forests are endangered by the change of water regime, especially by the reduction of underground
water level. A danger is also the planned building of a large (120 m wide) sailing canal that should
connect Dunav and Sava rivers going through the forest complex. The last part of the Zagreb-Belgrade
highway passes right through the forest complex so a significant part of it has been cut down without
any compensation. The forest is surrounded by intensively arable land, which reduces the possibility for
feeding of endangered species such as Haliaeetus albicilla, Ciconia nigra and Aquila pomarina.
The site is partly protected. Two Forest Reserves are protected since 1975, i.e. Loe with old oak forest
on 110.41 ha, and Radievo with Querqus robur-Carpinus betulus-Fagus sylvatica forest on 4.10 ha. Two
areas are protected since 1999 as Important Landscapes: Virovi (185 ha) and Spava (278 ha). The whole
site is included in the Croatian ecological network as an important bird area. The site is regularly
managed through the forest management plan by the public institution Croatian Forests. The
protected areas are being managed as special purpose forests.

type in site Status
A B C
91F0 55.46 X 160 (General Forestry management), 166 Prevent further large river
(removal of dead and dying trees), 810 regulation projects. Maintain
(Drainage), 830 (Canalisation), 850 present groundwater levels. Adapt
(Modification of hydrographic forest management practices
functioning), 852 (modifying structures of
inland water courses), 853 (management
of water levels), 976 (damage by game)
91E0 0.34 X 160 (General Forestry management), 166 Prevent further large river
(removal of dead and dying trees), 810 regulation projects. Reduce
(Drainage), 830 (Canalisation), 850 management /cleaning of river
(Modification of hydrographic banks from vegetation. Maintain
functioning), 852 (modifying structures of present groundwater levels
inland water courses), 853 (management
of water levels), 976 (damage by game)
9160 41 X 160 (General Forestry management), 166 Adapt forest management
95
Biodiversity
type in site Status
A B C
(removal of dead and dying trees), 976 practices. Endorse management
(damage by game species) according to FSC
3150 X 850 (Modification of hydrographic Maintain stagnant waters and slow
functioning, general), 852 (modifying running waters, and where not
structures of inland water courses), 853 present, build artificially. Maintain
(management of water levels) present water regime. Ensure
connection with river Sava.

size Status
A B C
Lutra lutra X 810 (Drainage) Maintain present water level
regime. Prevent drainage
Miniopterus 215i - -
schreibersi (breeding)
Barbastella 43i - -
barbastellus (breeding)
Alcedo atthis 2p* X - -
Aquila 1-2p X 141 (abandonment of pastoral During 15 Apr-15 Aug prohibit all
pomarina (resident) systems), 160 (General Forestry management activities in forest
management) compartments with nests. Ensure
trees in forests
Ardea cinerea C* X - -
(resident)
96
Biodiversity
size Status
A B C
Haliaeetus 2-4p X 160 (General Forestry During Dec-Jun prohibit all
trees in forests
Ciconia nigra 8-12p X 160 (General Forestry During 15 Apr-15 Aug prohibit all
(breeding) management) management activities in forest
trees in forests
Ficedula 2000-6000p X - -
albicollis (breeding)
Dendrocopos 2000-3000p X 160 (General Forestry Ensure dead (standing and lying)
medius (resident) management), 166 (removal of and old trees in forests
dead and dying trees)
Lanius collurio 200-300p X 141 (abandonment of pastoral Ensure incentives for extensive
(breeding) systems) livestock farming

Drainage
Canalisation
Damage by game species.
implementation
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and prevent changes in water level
in wet forest habitat types, and if possible improve water regime for the lowland wet forests
Ensure incentives for extensive livestock and stimulate traditional farming and extensive
livestock farming
Conduct restoration of wet grassland habitat types in the site.
97
Biodiversity
31. Sava Podsused
The site located alongside the Sava River near
Podsused has been protected in 1970 as an
Ornithological Reserve because of its relevance for
breeding birds and migratory birds. The site
includes galleries of willow and poplar, wet
meadows, numerous creeks, armlets, natural
riverside and muddy and sandy banks. A total of
166 bird species have been registered in the site
(93 breeding birds, 107 migratory birds, 61
wintering birds) and the site is also a nationally
valuable breeding area for Actytis hypoleucos.
Over the years the situation has changed
drastically in the site. Due to activities of river
regulation and building of hydro power plants in the upper Sava stream, the river-bed has deepen for 5-
6 m over the last 40 years, leaving wetlands dried out, except in times of very high water levels. The
ornithological value of this site has been significantly reduced.
The site covers a total size of 377.92 ha. The land use types are water flows (8.57%); wetlands combined
with broadleaved forest (0.41%); broadleaved forest (57.41%); arable land with large natural vegetation
areas (26.04%) and intensively farmed land (7.58%).
The main threats of the site are that the valuable river and wetland habitat types are degraded or
vanished, especially the riversides and muddy and sandy banks. The planned hydro power plant
represents a threat, but also if harmonised with nature protection needs gives the possibility for
wetlands restoration and building a place for breeding birds.
One part of the site is protected as an Ornithological Reserve (243 ha). The site is included in Croatian
ecological network as a restoration site, which has to be renewed within the future Sava regulation
projects. There is no active management, though measures of restoration are being planned. The
Zagrebaka County Public Institution for Protected Nature Values is responsible for the nature
protection of the area.

type in site Status
A B C
3130 X 810 (Drainage) When regulating river (canals,
fishponds, etc.) it is necessary to leave
gently sloping banks
91E0 490 (Other urbanisation, industrial and Prevent further urbanisation. Asses
X similar activities), 870 (Dykes, further river regulation projects, further
embankments, artificial beaches) canalization, etc.
91F0 57.4 X 490 (Other urbanisation, industrial and Prevent further urbanisation. Asses
similar activities), 870 (Dykes, further river regulation projects, further
embankments, artificial beaches) canalization, etc.
98
Biodiversity

Species size Status
A B C
Alcedo 1p X 820 (Removal of sediments), 830 Asses further river regulation projects,
atthis (resident) (Canalisation), 701 (water pollution) further canalization, etc. Prevent
extraction of sand and gravel. Ensure
wastewater treatment and regulate
and monitor wastewater disposal
Lanius C X
collurio (breeding)
Nycticorax R (stage) X 820 (Removal of sediments (mud...)), Asses further river regulation projects,
nycticorax 830 (Canalisation), 701 (water further canalization, etc. Prevent
pollution) extraction of sand and gravel. Ensure
Ardea C* X 820 (Removal of sediments (mud...)), Asses further river regulation projects,
cinerea (resident) 830 (Canalisation), 701 (water further canalization, etc. Prevent
Sterna 5-6* p X 820 (Removal of sediments (mud...)), Asses further river regulation projects,
hirundo (resident) 830 (Canalisation), 701 (water further canalization, etc. Prevent
99
Biodiversity

Drainage
Removal of sediments
Canalisation
Water pollution
Other urbanisation, industrial and similar activities
Develop management plan for the site or within the Sava River basin management plan make
special focus on this area as a restoration site forming part of the Croatian ecological network
Ensure Management plan implementation.
Restore wetland habitats
Restore and create habitats for breeding birds.
100
Biodiversity
32. utica
The site utica is an integral forest complex
situated only 40 km from Zagreb, near Lonjsko
Polje Nature Park. It is the second largest lowland
forest in Croatia. The utica forest complex is
important as habitat for an endangered species of
fish Umbra krameri. The forest is a floodplain
almost every year. It is used as retention area so
the water from Sava River is released into utica
through a canal if there is a danger from flooding.
Over 100 years ago in the Posavina area a native
population of beavers (Castor fiber) existed but
due to change of habitat conditions they vanished.
utica has proved as a favourable site for
reintroduction of beavers, so 47 beavers were
released at utica in 1996.
The site is special because it has been a drill-site with more than 200 boreholes since 1964, yet the rich
characteristic herbal and animal world survived in the forest. There are 107 active boreholes and 19
boreholes are now closed. The drill-sites that are closed will not be in use in the future so they are
closed with cement cork and buried with soil. Forest seedlings are planted on top so former boreholes
are covered with trees. There are no waste waters because the water used for embedment in the
borehole is extracted from the oil into special tanks where water circulates and pressed into the
borehole. The last borehole has been started in 2003. It is estimated that there is oil on this site until the
year 2035. The meadows on the border of the forest are pastures for a native horse breed (Croatian
Posavian horse), which are being held in the open most of the year. The forest is exploited by the public
institution Croatian Forests for commercial purposes.
The invasive species are Amorpha fruticosa and Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Amorpha is found at
approximately 600-700 ha, mostly in areas of young forest, where it is harder to repress it.
The site covers a total size of 4.698 ha. The land use are industrial areas (0.25%); intensivelyfarmed land
(0.19%); pastures/natural grasslands/ broadleaved forest (4.07%); broadleaved forest (86.84%); arable
land with large natural vegetation areas (7.21%); natural wet grasslands (1.45%). The ownership of the
site is 90% public ownership (public forests); the rest is private property.
The site is included in the Croatian ecological network. The County Public Institution for Protected
Nature Values is preparing a project for placing a five km long educational trail in this area, combining
various point types (forest, pastures, native horse breed etc.). There is a cycling route that passes
through utica site. The site is regularly managed through the forest management plan by the public
institution Croatian Forests. The Zagrebaka County Public Institution for Protected Nature Values is
responsible for nature protection of the area, but an actual management plan has not yet been
established.

type in site Status
A B C
3150 - X 320 (Exploration and extraction of oil or Maintain present water level regime;
gas), 700 (Pollution), 850 (Modification Ensure connection with river Sava.
of hydrographic functioning, general)
6440 1.45 X 810 (Drainage), 850 (Modification of Maintain present water level regime;
hydrographic functioning, general), 853 Prevent any kind of water-drainage
101
Biodiversity
type in site Status
A B C
6450 - X - -
9160 22.98 X 160 (General Forestry management), 166 Endorse management according to FSC
(removal of dead and dying trees)
91E0 X 810 (drainage) Maintain present groundwater levels;
Prevent any kind of water-drainage
91F0 63.86 X 160 (General Forestry management), 166 Maintain present groundwater levels;
(removal of dead and dying trees), 320 Adapt forest management practices
(Exploration and extraction of oil or gas),
850 (Modification of hydrographic
functioning), 853 (management of water
levels)
Fig. 32.1: Distribution map of habitat types in site.

Species size Status
A B C
Umbra P X 954 (invasion by a species) Prevent water-drainage, backfilling and
krameri overgrowing of the remaining ponds;
Perform habitat restoration; clear and
deepen certain ponds; Tend to decrease
populations of invasive species; Conduct
reintroduction of species to specific ponds
Castor fiber P X 810 (drainage) Regulate waste disposal and ensure
wastewater treatment; Prevent further
regulation projects: Leave narrow line of
woody and herbaceous vegetation along
watercourses
Alcedo atthis 1-2p X 701 (water pollution) Ensure wastewater treatment and regulate
(resident) and monitor wastewater disposal
Dendrocopos 90-100 p X 160 (General Forestry Ensure constant percentage of dead
102
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
medius (resident) management), 166 (removal (standing and lying) and old trees,
of dead and dying trees) especially old cavity trees in all forests
Ciconia nigra 1-2p X 160 (General Forestry During 15 Apr-15 Aug prohibit all
(breeding) management), 701 (water management activities in forest
pollution) compartments with nests
Halliaetus 2p X - -
Ardea C* X 701 (water pollution) Ensure wastewater treatment and regulate
cinerea (resident) and monitor wastewater disposal

Changes in water regime and management; drainage
Water pollution
Forest management
Invasion of species.
Ensure management plan implementation
Present protection status of the site is that it is part of the Croatian ecological network, which
should be effective enough to ensure its preservation and favorable conservation status for the
habitat types and species.
103
Biodiversity
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Serbia
33. Veliko ratno ostrvo

Veliko Ratno ostrvo is a river island situated on the Sava confluence in the area of Belgrade. It
represents typical flooded island with characteristic wetland vegetation. Despite large human impact,
high percentage of the island is still covered with habitat types of high natural value. Up to now, 120
plant species, 20 species of amphibians and reptilians, 170 bird species and over 40 species of mammals
have been recorded on the island. The island with the surrounding river bed is an important site for
migratory birds (Phalacrocorax pygmaeus). Its position, in the vicinity of urban core, makes it also very
attractive for recreation and tourism.
The surface layers are alluvial deposits of the Danube River. The vegetation communities consist of
water marshes and flooded forests. The developed vegetation and the existence of smaller water bodies
allow feeding, nesting of a larger number of birds of international importance. Numerous species of fish,
in the period of spawning, gain up in permanent or temporary ponds formed on the island or in its
coastal areas rich in aquatic and fen vegetation.
There are no dykes at the island. Regular flooding of this site provides high biodiversity values.
Total area of the site is 226 ha. The dominant land use is forestry with forests covering 90% of the area.
A public beach called Lido is situated at the northwest of island and comprised the last 10%.
The invasive plant species are: Amorpha fruticosa, Acer negundo, Ailanthus altissima, Ambrosia
artemisiifolia and Echinocystis lobata.
The ownership of the site is the State. The site is protected as an Area with Exceptionally Natural
Features under Serbian nature protection scheme. The conservation area has three protection zones:
zones of nature protection (which has the character of the Special Nature Reserve and the coastal zone
includes islands), recreation zone (which includes the inner parts of the island) and tourism zone (which
includes the beach "Lido"). The management is given under trust to Public Service Enterprise for urban
greenery Zelenilo, from Belgrade.

type Status
A B C
3150 2,2 % X 951 - drying out/ accumulation of mechanical clean and remove mud/
organic material, 952 - eutrophication vegetation from channels and ponds;
regulate water level; maintain
connectivity of water bodies
3270 1,0 % X X 951 - drying out/ accumulation of mechanical clean and remove mud/
54% 46% organic material, 952 - eutrophication, vegetation from channels and ponds;
622 - walking, 621 - nautical sports regulate water level; control access of
people/tourist to important locations
91E0 13.6 % X X 162 - artificial planting, 165 removal Remove/stop planting alochtonous
47% 53% of forest undergrowth, 501 - paths, vegetation; replant with native tree
tracks, cycling tracks, 608 - camping, species in accordance with habitat
620 - outdoor sport and leisure type definition; control access of
activities, 690 - other leisure and tourist, improve control of protection
tourism impacts, 954 - invasion by a (tree and bush cutting, cultivation);
species define zones with limited access for
restoration of willow forests, remove
invasive species (Amorpha fruticosa)
104
Biodiversity

Species size Status
A B C
Triturus C X 620 - outdoor sport and leisure Clean and remove mud/ vegetation
dobrogicus activities, 701 - water pollution, from channels and ponds; regulate
951 - drying out/ accumulation water level; remove waste from
of organic material, 952 - ponds and channels; map and strictly
eutrophication protect (in spring/summer) small
ponds; create new ponds
Emys C X 701- water pollution, 620 - control access to river banks
orbicularis outdoor sport and leisure important for species; remove waste
activities, 621 - nautical sports, from ponds and channels; clean and
951 - drying out/ accumulation of remove mud/vegetation from
organic material channels and ponds; regulate water
level
Haliaetus C (1-3 i) X 164 - forestry clearance, 243 - Restore alluvial forests; control access
albicilla pouching, 400 urbanized areas, to central parts of the island, create
530- improved access , 600 - tourist paths; stop further cultivation
sport and leisure structures, 620 and urbanization; establish artificial
- outdoor sports and leisure feeding places in winter period
activities
Alcedo C (1-3 bp) X X 165 - removal of forest protect and restore river bank
athis 35% 61% 4% undergrowth, 400 - urbanized vegetation (willow bushes); restrict
areas and human habitation , access to predefined river banks
501- paths tracks, 620 - nautical during reproduction period; restrict
sports, 701 - water pollution, 951 nautical sports in vicinity of island
- drying out/ accumulation of
organic material
Dendrocop C (0-2 bp) X 160 - general forestry restore alluvial forests; control access
os medius management , 165 - removal of to forest habitats
forest undergrowth, 166 -
removal of dead and dying trees,
105
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
501- paths/tracks, 620 - outdoor
sports and leisure activities
Saxicola C (0-2 bp) X X 100 - cultivation, 151- forest preserve open habitats/ stop
rubetra 51% 49% planting, 400 - urbanized areas, cultivation; mow/remove invasive
620 - sports and leisure activities, vegetation; control feral cats/dogs
950 - biocenotic evolution, 954 -
invasion by a species
Lutra lutra C X 210- professional fishing, 400- Clean and remove mud/vegetation
urbanized areas, 501 paths/ from channels and ponds; regulate
tracks, 530 improved access to water level; control access to river
site, 620- outdoor sports & banks important for species; restrict
leisure activities, 701 water use of fishing nets in vicinity of island;
pollution , 803 infilling of ditches, restrict nautical sports in vicinity of
951 drying out/accumulation of island
organic material

Main threats on Natura 2000 focal habitat and species
Cultivation
Sport and leisure structures
Drying out/ accumulation of organic material
Species invasion.
Remove organic material from inland ditches and ponds
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and control water levels and keep
water in ponds and ditches during late spring and summer. Current management has made
some actions toward improving water habitat types (removal of mud and organic material) but
control of water levels should be further improved
Create tourist marked trails and control access to locations important for habitat types and
species
Protect river banks by controlling nautical sports and fishing activities
Restore alluvial forests by controlling cutting and removal of forest undergrowth and
alochtonous vegetation
Manage open habitats by mowing
Remove accumulated waste from ponds, ditches and river banks.
Enlarge protected area to include the left side of the Danube River
Reduce disturbance of animal species.
106
Biodiversity
34. Crni lug ivaa
The site is located on the left side of the river Sava, near Belgrade. The site contains well preserved
riparian oak and mixed forests. Site includes fishpond important for migratory birds, also very important
for white-tailed eagle Haliaaetus albicilla and black stork Ciconia nigra. Natural wetlands are also
present but in smaller percentage.
Forest vegetation is dominating in this area, while the rest is under arable lands and fish pond. At the
part of the site dominated by agriculture a numerous ameliorative channels were made. In the flooded
area are the mixed forests with willow, poplar, and ash species. Forest vegetation is also spread on the
part of the site protected by dyke. These are managed forests, mainly Common oak with different age
groups (the oldest stand has around 120 years) and Common oak with hornbeam. This is fenced hunting
area (Crni Lug) in which wild boar, deer and roe-deer are kept.
The most part of the site is situated behind the dyke and therefore protected from flooding. However, it
is partially waterlogged by groundwater during the spring period.
The site covers a total area of 1.203 ha. The main land use is intensively managed forest. 80% is under
forest vegetation, 10% occupied by a fish pond (ivaa) and almost 10% is covered by arable land
(within the meander). The ownership of the site is the State for 80%, while 20% is in private ownership.
The management is performed by JP Srbijasume, which is the public enterprise for forestry in Serbia.
The flooded area, located next to the dyke, is under state property and managed by Srbijavode, which
is the public enterprise for water management in Serbia. The rest of the site is in private property with
small plots and the area of the fish pond.

type in site Status
A B C
3150 1.59 % X X 210 - Professional fishing, 850 - maintain natural water regime; clean
65% 35% Modification of hydrographic and remove mud/vegetation from
functioning, general, 853 - channels and ponds; remove invasive
management of water levels, 951 - species
drying out / accumulation of organic
material, 952 - eutrophication
91F0 51.1 % X 160 - General Forestry management, maintain natural water regime;
810 Drainage replace alochotonous tree species
with native species
Reedbeds 3,0 % X X 220 - Leisure fishing, 250 - Taking / improve control of protection (reed
86% 14% Removal of flora, general, 810 - cutting/ burning); define reedbed
Drainage, 811 - management of zones of importance for biodiversity
aquatic and bank vegetation for and protect from melioration,
drainage purposes, 951 - drying out / harmonize protection with
accumulation of organic material, management of fishpond; define
952 - eutrophication zones with limited access for
restoring willow forests; remove
invasive species (Amorpha fruticosa)
107
Biodiversity

Species size Status
A B C
Emys C X X 421 - disposal of household control access to river banks
orbicularis 34% 66% waste, 803 - infilling of ditches, important for species; remove
dykes, ponds, pools, marshes or waste from ponds and channels;
pits, 853 - management of water, clean and remove mud/
951 - drying out / accum. organic vegetation from channels and
material, 952 - eutrophication ponds; regulate water level
Bombina C X X 164 - forestry clearance, 165 - Close-to-nature forest
bombina 19% 81% removal of forest undergrowth, management (prevent clear-
810 - Drainage, 850 - cuttings and intensive logging);
Modification of hydrographic keep natural water regime in
functioning, 853 - management forests; create small ponds
of water levels
Haliaeetus C (1-2 bp) X 150 - Restructuring agricultural protect old, large trees suitable
albicilla land holding, 160 - General for nesting; reduce and control
Forestry management, 230 - human presence around nests in
Hunting, 810 - Drainage reproductive period; provide
supplemental feeding; maintain
open habitats (wet meadows,
water) important for species
Ciconia C (2-4 bp) X 160 - General Forestry protect old, large trees suitable
nigra management, 162 - artificial for nesting; reduce and control
planting, 230 - Hunting, 810 - human presence around nests in
Drainage, 951 - drying out / reproductive period; maintain
accumulation of organic material, open habitats (wet meadows,
952 - eutrophication water) important for species
Sterna C (10-30i) X 210 - Professional fishing, 701 - create artificial islands on
hirundo Noise nuisance, 803 - infilling of fishpond for nesting; maintain
ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, open water surface (high water
marshes or pits, 810 - Drainage, level) on fishpond; reduce human
853 - management of water disturbance during spring
migration
108
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
Alcedo athis C (2-4bp) X 165 - removal of forest protect and restore river bank
12% 88% undergrowth, 200 - Fish and vegetation (willow bushes);
Shellfish Aquaculture, 210 - restrict access to some
Professional fishing, 220 - Leisure (predefined) river banks during
fishing, 501 - paths, tracks, reproduction period; restrict
cycling tracks, 701 - Noise nautical sports near nesting
nuisance, 810 - Drainage, 811 - grounds
management of aquatic and bank
vegetation for drainage, 951 -
drying out / accum. Org. material
Dendrocopos C (6-10 bp) X (160 - General Forestry Leave old, dead or dying trees;
medius 95% 5% management, 162 - artificial control access to forest habitats
planting, 164 - forestry clearance, (reduce human presence during
166 -removal of dead-dying trees) reproduction period)
Saxicola C (3-6 bp) X 100 - Cultivation, 150 - preserve open habitats; mow/
rubetra Restructuring agricultural land remove invasive species;
holding, 151 - removal of hedges maintain vegetation around
and copses, 400 - Urbanised agriculture fields; reduce use of
areas, human habitation, 950 - pesticides within nesting areas
Biocenotic evolution
Ficedula C (15-30bp) X X 160 - General Forestry leave old, dead or dying trees;
albicollis 70% 30% management, 162 - artificial preserve natural structure of
planting, 164 - forestry clearance, forest (multi-layer); control
165 - removal of forest access to forest habitats (reduce
undergrowth, 166 -removal of human presence during
dead and dying trees reproduction)
Lutra lutra C X X 200 - Fish and Shellfish Clean and remove
44% 56% Aquaculture, 210 - Professional mud/vegetation from channels
fishing, 243 - trapping, poisoning, and ponds; regulate water level;
poaching, 530 - Improved access control access to river banks
to site, 701 - Noise nuisance, 803 important for species; restrict use
- infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, of fishing nets; educate fishpond
pools, marshes or pits, 850 - staff
Modification of hydrographic
functioning, 951 - drying out /
accumulation of organic material

Cultivation
Hunting
Fish aquaculture.
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and harmonize forest management with protection needs
(enable natural succession and renewal of forest undergrowth in some parts, leave old and dead
trees, reduce logging near important localities for species, reduce disturbance and human
presence within habitat types during spring and summer)
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and harmonize fishpond
management with conservation and protection needs (adequate water level, reduce water
vegetation removal, create artificial islands for birds, reduce disturbance of waterbirds)
Create tourist trails and control access to locations important for habitat types and species
Control leisure fishing
109
Biodiversity
Manage open habitats by mowing
Reduce use of pesticides on the fields close to fishponds.
Define zones/localities important for target habitats/species
Establish management body
Develop management plan and action plans for particular habitat types and species. Specific
measures must be included in management to achieve proper conservation of lesser spotted
eagle and black stork.
110
Biodiversity
35. Bojinska uma
The site contains well preserved oak forest and is an important
nesting site for woodland birds (Ciconia nigra, Aquila pomarina,
Dendrocopos medius, Ficedula albicollis) as well as for the
reproduction of amphibians. The forest habitat types cover
almost 100% of the area.
Forest vegetation is well managed and dominated in this
lowland area, while the rest consist of arable land. Up to 200 ha
of forests are natural. These are natural common oak forest
stands, with different age groups (from 15 years to the oldest
stands with nearly 120 years). These heliophyte hygrophilous
stands are well known as forests with high biodiversity values.
The site is a few meters above river level, located behind the
dyke along the Sava River and is therefore never flooded.
The site covers a total area of 584 ha. The main land use is
forestry combined with hunting tourism. There is also extensive
farming, especially with the autochthonous Mangulica pig. The
whole area is state owned and it is intensively managed by
public enterprise for forestry in Serbia JP Srbijasume.
The invasive species appear but in low number, the most abundant are Amorpha fruticosa and Acer
negundo.
The area has no legal conservation regime.

type in site Status
A B C
3150 0,4 X 160 - General Forestry, 951 drying Mow; regulate water level; remove
out / accumulation of organic invasive species; log less intensive
material, 952 - eutrophication around wetlands within forests
9160 36,3 X 160 - General Forestry, 162 - artificial define areas to be left for natural
planting, 164 - forestry clearance, succession and without intensive
165 -removal of forest undergrowth, management; replant native tree
166 - removal of dead and dying species in accordance with habitat type
trees, 600 - Sport and leisure definition; prevent further
structures infrastructure building in forest
111
Biodiversity
Table 35.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site

Species size Status
A B C
Bombina C X 164 - forestry clearance, 165 - Apply close-to-nature forest
bombina removal of forest undergrowth, 810 - management (prevent
Drainage, 850 - Modification of clearcuttings and intensive
hydrographic functioning, general, logging); keep natural water
853 - management of water levels regime in forests; create artificial
small ponds
Haliaeetus C (1 bp) X 160 - General Forestry management, protect old, large trees suitable
albicilla 243 - trapping, poisoning, poaching, for nesting; reduce and control
810 - Drainage human presence around nests in
reproductive period; feed
supplementally; maintain open
habitats (wet meadows, water
surface) important for species
Aquila B (1bp) X X 100 - Cultivation, 160 - General protect and maintain open wet
pomarina 76% 24% Forestry management, 162 - artificial habitats (wet meadows) in and
planting, 164 - forestry clearance, around site; protect nesting
230 - Hunting, 243 - trapping, locality (reduce logging in area);
poisoning, poaching, 501 - paths, reduce and control human
tracks, cycling tracks, 620 - Outdoor presence around nests in
sports and leisure activities, 810 - reproductive period
Drainage
Ciconia C (1-2 bp) X X 160 - General Forestry management, protect old, large trees suitable
nigra 24% 76% 162 - artificial planting, 230 - Hunting, for nesting; reduce and control
501 - paths, tracks, cycling tracks, 620 human presence around nests in
- Outdoor sports and leisure reproductive period; maintain of
activities, 810 - Drainage, 951 - open habitats (wet meadows,
drying out / accumulation of organic water surface) important for
material, 952 - eutrophication species
Dendrocopos C (5-10bp) X X 160 - General Forestry management, leave old, dead or dying trees;
112
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
medius 66% 34% 162 - artificial planting, 164 - forestry control access to forest habitats
clearance, 166 - removal of dead and (reduce human presence during
dying trees, 501 - paths, tracks, reproduction period)
cycling tracks, 620 - Outdoor sports
and leisure activities
Saxicola C (2-4bp) X 100 - Cultivation, 150 - Restructuring preserve open habitats; mowe/
rubetra 90% 10% agricultural land holding, 151 - remove invasive species;
removal of hedges and copses, 950 - maintain vegetation around
Biocenotic evolution agriculture fields; reduce use of
pesticides in nesting areas
Ficedula C (10-20 X X X 160 - General Forestry management, leave old, dead or dying trees;
albicollis bp) 53% 32% 16% 162 - artificial planting, 164 - forestry preserve natural structure of
clearance, 165 - removal of forest forest (multi-layer); control
undergrowth, 166 - removal of dead access to forest habitats (reduce
and dying trees, 501 - paths, tracks, human presence during
cycling tracks, 620 - Outdoor sports reproduction period)
and leisure activities)
Lutra lutra C X 100 - Cultivation, 243 - trapping, Clean and remove mud/
poisoning, poaching, 701 - Noise vegetation from channels and
nuisance, 803 - infilling of ditches, ponds; regulate water level
dykes, ponds, pools, marshes or pits,
850 - Modification of hydrographic
functioning, general, 951 - drying out
/ accumulation of organic material

Hunting
Paths, sport and leisure structures.
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and harmonize current forest management with conservation
and protection needs (enable natural succession and renewal of forest undergrowth in some
parts, leave old and dead trees, reduce logging near important localities for species, reduce
disturbance and human presence within habitats during spring and summer)
species
Manage open habitats by mowing and preventing melioration
Prevent further infrastructure development within site.
Define zones or localities which are important for target habitat types and species
Develop management plan and action plans for particular habitat types and species. Specific
measures must be included in the management to achieve proper conservation of lesser spotted
eagle and black stork.
113
Biodiversity
36. Orlaa
The site is located on the right side of the river Sava within a large meander and contains well preserved
riparian woods and wetlands, i.e. marshes and floodplains. Recently, the huge human impact by
drainage and cultivation has significantly changed the character of the site but it is still valuable and
important for some bird species like Vanellus vanellus and Ciconia nigra. Drainage of the area has
allowed intensive cultivation and degradation of riparian forests and wetlands.
On a narrow belt on the site edge, many different species of scrubs and trees exist. In this part of site an
endemic insect species (Zeuneriana amplipennis) was discovered in 2007. The forests are present as
small mixed wood with individual trees of Common Oak.
Almost whole area is protected by dyke. Besides, some parts in lower altitudes are waterlogged during
spring season and high water level of the Sava River.
The site covers a total area 1.281 ha. The land use is a rural mosaic of arable land, small forests and
grasslands. There is slightly dominance of agriculture. The site is in private ownership for 95%. Only the
narrow belt of foreland, dyke and roads are state owned. This site covers 3 national reserves, but
revision of legal protection is in process.
The invasive species are: Amorpha fruticosa, Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ailanthus altissima,
Ambrosia artemisifolia.

type in site Status
A B C
3150 0,9 X 100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 951 - Clean and remove mud/vegetation from
drying out / accumulation of organic channels and ponds; mow; regulate
material, 952 - eutrophication water level; maintain connectivity of
water bodies; prevent meliorization of
existing bogs and marshes (wetlands)
91F0 8,9 X 160 - General Forestry, 164 forestry Stop planting alochtonous species;
clearance, 165 -removal of forest replant native tree species in
undergrowth, 166 - removal of dead accordance with habitat type; improve
and dying trees control of protection (tree-bush cutting,
cultivation); prevent clear-cuttings and
transition of forests to agriculture fields
114
Biodiversity

Species size Status
A B C
Bombina C X X 100 - Cultivation, 164 - forestry Apply close-to-nature forest
bombina 86% 14% clearance, 165 - removal of forest management (prevent
undergrowth, 810 - Drainage, 850 - clearcuttings and intensive
Modification of hydrographic logging); prevent cultivation and
functioning, general, 853 - drainage of wet areas (especially
management of water levels within forests); keep natural
water regime within forests;
create artificial small ponds
Emys C X X 403 - dispersed habitation, 421 - Prevent cultivation and drainage
orbicularis 66% 34% disposal of household waste, 803 - of wet areas; clean and remove
infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, mud/ vegetation from channels
pools, marshes or pits, 853 - and ponds; regulate favourable
management of water levels, 951 - water level
Haliaeetus C (3-5i) X 100 - Cultivation, 160 - General Protect old, large trees suitable
albicilla Forestry management, 230 - Hunting, for nesting; reduce and control
243 - trapping, poisoning, poaching, human presence around nests in
403 - dispersed habitation, 810 - reproductive period; food
Drainage, 951 - drying out / supplementally; maintain open
accumulation of organic material habitats (wet meadows, water)
important for species
Ciconia nigra C (0-1bp) X 100 - Cultivation, 160 - General protect old, large trees suitable
Forestry management, 164 - forestry for nesting; reduce and control
clearance, 230 - Hunting, 243 - human presence around nests in
trapping, poisoning, poaching, 403 - reproductive period; maintain
dispersed habitation, 810 - Drainage, open habitats (wet meadows,
951 - drying out / accumulation of water) important species
organic material
Alcedo athis C (1-2bp) X 165 - removal of forest undergrowth, protect and restore river bank
220 - Leisure fishing, 403 - dispersed vegetation (willow); restrict
habitation, 701 - Noise nuisance, 810 access to predefined river banks
115
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
- Drainage, 811 - management of during reproduction period;
aquatic and bank vegetation for restrict nautical sports near
drainage purposes, 951 - drying out / nesting grounds; prevent illegal
accumulation of organic material building on river banks
Dendrocopos C (0-2 bp) X 100 - Cultivation, 160 - General leave old, dead or dying trees;
medius Forestry management, 164 - forestry preserve natural structure of
clearance, 165 - removal of forest forest (multi-layer); control
undergrowth, 166 - removal of dead access to forest habitats (reduce
and dying trees, 167 -forest human presence during
exploitation without replanting reproduction period)
Saxicola C (2-5bp) X 100 - Cultivation, 151 - removal of preserve open habitats; mow/
rubetra hedges and copses, 810 - Drainage, remove invasive vegetation;
950 - Biocenotic evolution maintain vegetation strips
around agriculture fields; reduce
use of pesticides in nesting areas
Lutra lutra C X 100 - Cultivation, 243 - trapping, Clean and remove mud/
poisoning, poaching, 403 - dispersed vegetation from channels and
habitation, 701 - Noise nuisance, 803 ponds; regulate water level;
- infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, educate fisherman; prevent use
pools, marshes or pits, 810 - of fishing nets in and around site
Drainage, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning, 951 -
drying out / accum. organic material)
Castor fiber C X 100 - Cultivation, 243 - trapping, maintain favorable water level;
poisoning, poaching, 403 - dispersed prevent drainage and cultivation
habitation, 811 - management of of natural and semi-natural
aquatic and bank veg. for drainage habitats; educate local farmers
purposes, 803 - infilling of ditches,
dykes, ponds, pools, marshes or pits,
810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning

Cultivation
General forest management
Hunting
Modification of hydrographic functioning
Invasion by a species.
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and harmonize water level
management with conservation needs
Prevent further melioration and transition of natural habitats to agriculture fields
Define and implement conservation measures for wetland habitat types
Reduce use of pesticides within site
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and replant with native tree species
Revise existing protected areas in site
Develop and secure incentives program for local farmers
Develop management plan and action plans for particular habitat types and species
Buy up land with most important habitat types and species and protect under appropriate
national legislation.
116
Biodiversity
37. Ue Drine
The site covers an area of about 19 km along the
Drina River up to its discharge into the Sava River
and expands to the right bank of Sava River (about 4
km). It is located in the North-Western part of the
fertile Macva plain and is bounded by the Drina River
in the West and by the Sava River in the North.
The Drina River forms also the state border between
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. The Drina has
changed its course frequently and is characterized by
many meanders and flow paths.
The site consists of two parts: Southern part located
along banks of the Drina River and the Northern part near the confluence with and banks of the Sava
River. A characteristic biological feature of this area is the occurrence of the rare bird Sterna albifrons
that nests on islands in the River Drina. This site represents the only known breeding place of Sterna
albifrons in Serbia. It is also very important for Sterna hirundo and other bird species (Ciconia nigra,
Haliaeetus albicilla). The site involves the lower part of the Drina course, which is characteristic by
meanders and high quantity of gravel sediments. River forms numerous gravel islands and beeches
which are important for some plants and animals. Alluvial forests are presents on the river banks. The
site is characterized by mosaic landscape and is a complex of small plots, divided by small forest strips
and shrubs. Most of these forests are mixed stands with characteristic species for lowlands (ash-tree,
poplar-tree and willows). Forestry is not intensive in this area but there are some plots planted with
poplars for commercial use.
The total size of the site is 1.967 ha. The southern part is mainly under agricultural use and the area with
forest vegetation is frequently flooded, while the Northern part with mixed broadleaved forests is
protected from flooding by a dyke. One part outside the dyke is managed by Public Enterprise
Srbijavode, while the other (inner part) is managed by Public Enterprise Srbijaume (approximately
200 ha 10%). The rest of the site is in private ownership.
The invasive species are: Amorpha fruticosa, Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Conyza sp.,Bidens
sp., Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Phytolacca americana, Echynocistis lobata.
Table 37.1: Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

type in site Status
A B C
3150 1,4 ha X X 100 - Cultivation, 300 - Sand and clean and remov mud/vegetation
13% 87% gravel extraction, 421 - disposal of from ditches and ponds; prevent
household waste, 701 - water disturbing natural water regime by
pollution, 803 - infilling of ditches, gravel extraction; restore wetlands
dykes, ponds, pools, marshes or pits, previously degraded by gravel
850 - Modification of hydrographic extraction; prevent gravel extraction
functioning, general, 951 - drying out and soil degradation around and
/ accumulation of organic material within wetlands; prevent deposition
of waste; remove existing waste
3270 0,3 ha X 100 - Cultivation, 300 - Sand and prevent degradation made by gravel
94% 6% gravel extraction, 421 - disposal of extraction; restore wetlands
household waste, 701 water previously degraded by gravel
pollution, 803 infilling of ditches, extraction; prevent deposition of
dykes, ponds, pools, marshes, 850 waste; remove existing waste
Modification of hydro-graphic
functioning, 951 drying out /
117
Biodiversity
type in site Status
A B C
91E0 0,6 ha X 160 - General Forestry, 164 - forestry Stop planting alochthonous species;
clearance, 165 - removal of forest replant with native tree species;
undergrowth, 300 - Sand and gravel improve control of protection (tree-
extraction, 421 - disposal of bush cutting, cultivation); remove
household waste, 501 - paths, tracks, invasive species (Amorpha fruticosa)
cycling tracks)

Species size Status
A B C
Emys C X 421 - disposal of household waste, prevent cultivation and drainage of
orbicularis 300 - Sand and gravel extraction, 803 wet areas; clean and remove mud/
- infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, vegetation from channels and
pools, marshes or pits, 853 - ponds; prevent gravel extraction
management of water levels, 951 - from larger ponds near river bank
drying out / accumulation of organic and their destruction
Bombina C X 164 - forestry clearance, 165 - Apply close-to-nature forest
bombina removal of forest undergrowth, 300 - management (prevent clear-cuttings
Sand and gravel extraction, 810 - and intensive logging); prevent
Drainage, 850 - Modification of cultivation and drainage of wet areas
hydrographic functioning, general, (especially in forests); keep natural
853 - management of water levels water regime in forests; reforestate
Haliaeetus C X 160 - General forest management, Reforestate; protect old trees and
albicilla 230 - Hunting, 243 - trapping, old grown forest fragments
poisoning, poaching, 300 - Sand and
118
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
gravel extraction, 810 - Drainage
Ciconia X 160 - General Forestry management, Reforestate; protect old trees and
nigra 162 - artificial planting, 230 - Hunting, old grown forest fragments;
501 - tracks, cycling tracks, 620 - maintain wet habitats (ponds,
Outdoor sports, leisure activities, 810 marshes, wet meadows)
- Drainage, 951 - drying out/accum.
Org. material, 952 - eutrophication
Sterna B X X 210 - Professional fishing, 211 - fixed control and reduce gravel extraction
hirundo 87% 13% location fishing, 220 - Leisure fishing, in river bed; protect nesting areas;
300 - Sand and gravel extraction, 530 control access of people to nests;
- Improved access to site, 620 - create artificial gravel islands; guard
Outdoor sports and leisure activities colonies during reproduction
Sterna A X X 210 - Professional fishing, 211 - fixed control and reduce gravel extraction
albifrons 27% 73% location fishing, 220 - Leisure fishing, in river bed; protect nesting areas;
300 - Sand and gravel extraction, 530 control access of people to nests;
- Improved access to site, 620 - create artificial gravel islands; guard
Outdoor sports and leisure activities colonies during reproduction
Alcedo C X 165 - removal of forest undergrowth, protect and restore river bank
athis 220 - Leisure fishing, 300 - Sand and vegetation (willow); restrict access
gravel extraction, 501 - paths, tracks, to some (predefined) river banks
cycling tracks, 620 - Outdoor sports during reproduction period; restrict
and leisure activities, 701 - Noise nautical sports and other leisure
nuisance, 810 - Drainage, 951 - activities near grounds; prevent
drying out / accum. organic material illegal building on river banks
Lutra lutra C X X 100 - Cultivation, 220 - Leisure fishing, clean and remove mud/vegetation
40% 60% 230 - Hunting, 234, 421 - disposal of from channels and ponds; regulate
household waste, 300 - Sand and water level; educate fisherman;
gravel extraction, 620 - Outdoor prevent use o fishing nets in and
sports and leisure activities, 803 - around site
infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds,
pools, marshes

Cultivation
Leisure fishing
Sand and gravel extraction
Disposal of household waste
Sport and leisure activities
Water pollution
Invasion of species.
Prevent and control gravel extraction on localities important for bird species, especially within
the Drina riverbed
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and improve control of tree cutting and general forest
management, as well as reforestate with native species in accordance with habitat type
definitions
Prevent deposition of household waste and clear current deposits
Protect and manage important wetlands in flooded area by eg. mud and vegetation removal
Control access of tourist to important localities for birds and define recreation areas and
beeches.
119
Biodiversity
Define zones and localities important for target habitat types and species
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and incorporate conservation needs
in general river management
Develop management plan and action plans for particular habitat types and species.
120
Biodiversity
38. Obedska bara
Obedska bara is one of the best preserved and hold
the largest complex of wetland habitat types
including submerged water communities, rooted
floating vegetation, riparian forests). Old, preserved
flooded forests are well represented in the site. It is
of great national importance for Ciconia nigra,
Haliaaetus albicilla, Milvus migrans, Emys
orbicularis, Pelobates fuscus, Trirutrus dobrogicus
and other rare and endangered plant species. Castor
fiber has been reintroduced recently.
The mosaic of forests and wetlands are dominated
by a mixture of old lowland oak-ash-hornbeam
forests, but with many marshes and waterlogged areas. The complexes of lowland ecosystems are of
outstanding quality due to the natural flooding. Oxbows and mostly overgrown old meanders are the
most outstanding landscape features. Grasslands are present both in small patches and in larger
complexes, but the succession toward a forest vegetation, caused by insufficient number of wild and
domestic herbivores is visible almost everywhere.
The site, which includes the Special Nature Reserve Obedska bara, is located for the biggest part outside
of the dyke and under direct influence of the water levels of the River Sava.
The site covers a total area of 19.667 ha. The dominant land use is forestry on 17.047 ha (86,7%). The
land use intensity, according to the agreed land use criteria, is mostly moderate in natural or semi-
natural forests and intensive in poplar plantations. 13.097ha (78,6%) is covered by natural or semi-
natural deciduous forests and 3.950 ha (20,1%) of poplar plantations.
More than 95% of the land within the site is in state ownership, predominantly covered by the forests
and managed by the forest management company Public Enterprise Vojvodinaume. About 1.655 ha
(8,4%) of the land covered with forests, pastures and arable land is fenced and primarily managed by
Serbian Armed Forces. The remining part of the land is agricultural land in private ownership. Exactly
9.820 ha (49,9%) of the site is protected as Special Nature Reserve Obedska bara, managed by Public
Enterprise Vojvodinasume.
The invasive plant species are: Amorpha fruticosa, Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica and several
Aster species. The invasive fish species are: Carassius auratus gibelio, Lepomis gibbosus, Ictalurus
nebulosus, Pseudorasbora parva.

type in site Status
A B C
1530 0,1 X 100 - Cultivation, 141 - abandonment Protect existing salt steppe patches;
of pastoral systems, 421 - disposal of maintain steppe habitats (mowing,
household waste, 950 - Biocenotic grazing) and maintain favorable water
evolution, 954 - invasion by a species regime; prevent further cultivation
3130 0,1 X 803 - infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, Maintain favorable water regime;
pools, marshes or pits, 810 - Drainage, prevent cultivation of areas near river
850 - Modification of hydrographic banks and near ponds and marshes;
functioning, general, 920 - Drying out, maintain mosaic habitat in around
950 - Biocenotic evolution, 954 - water bodies; control access of
invasion by a species people/tourist to important habitat
3150 0,4 X 803 - infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, clean and remove mud/vegetation
pools, marshes or pits, 810 - Drainage, from channels and ponds; maintain
121
Biodiversity
type in site Status
A B C
850 - Modification of hydrographic favorable water regime; maintain
functioning, general, 920 - Drying out, connectivity of water bodies; control
950 - Biocenotic evolution, 954 - access of people/tourist to important
invasion by a species habitat; prevent drainage and
cultivation of water bodies
3270 0,9 X 810 - Drainage, 811 - management of clean and remove mud/ vegetation
aquatic and bank vegetation for from channels and ponds; regulate
drainage purposes, 850 - Modification water level; control access of people to
of hydrographic functioning, general, important habitat
950 - Biocenotic evolution, 954 -
6440 0,1 X 810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of prevent cultivation and drainage;
hydrographic functioning, general, 950 maintain open habitats (mowing,
- Biocenotic evolution, 954 - invasion grazing); remove invasive species
by a species (Amorpha fruticosa)
6450 0,1 X 162 - artificial planting, 810 - Drainage, prevent cultivation and drainage;
850 - Modification of hydrographic enable periodical flooding; prevent tree
functioning, general, 950 - Biocenotic planting (poplar plantage); maintain
evolution, 954 - invasion by a species open habitats (mowing, grazing)
6510 0,2 X 141 - abandonment of pastoral maintain favorable water regime
systems,162 - artificial planting, 421 - (periodical flooding); maintain open
disposal of household waste, 810 - habitats (mowing, grazing); prevent
Drainage, 850 - Modification of tree planting (poplar plantation)
hydrographic functioning, general, 950
- Biocenotic evolution , 954 - invasion
by a species
9160 39,5 X 160 - General Forestry management, Stop planting alochtonous vegetation;
162 - artificial planting, 165 - removal replant native tree species in
of forest undergrowth, 166 - removal accordance with habitat type; control
of dead and dying trees, 170 - Animal access of people, improve control of
breeding, 421 - disposal of household protection (tree and bush cutting,
waste, 502 - roads, motorways, 954 - cultivation); control animal breeding
invasion by a species within forest habitats
91E0 1,2 X 160 - General Forestry management, Maintain favorable water regime
162 - artificial planting, 165 - removal (periodical flooding); stop planting
of forest undergrowth, 180 - Burning, alochtonous vegetation; replant native
810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of tree species in accordance with habitat
hydrographic functioning, general , 954 type; reconstruct willow forests on
- invasion by a species degraded areas
91F0 31,7 X 160 - General Forestry management, maintain favorable water regime
of forest undergrowth, 166 - removal alochtonous vegetation; replant native
of dead and dying trees, 170 - Animal tree species in accordance with habitat
breeding, 810 - Drainage, 850 - type; control accesses of people,
Modification of hydrographic improve control of protection (tree
functioning, general, 954 - invasion by cutting, bush cutting, cultivation)
a species
Reedbeds 5,6 X 810 - Drainage, 811 - management of maintain favorable water regime
aquatic and bank vegetation for (periodical flooding); prevent
drainage purposes, 850 - Modification cultivation and drainage; control reed
of hydrographic functioning, general, cutting and burning
951 - drying out / accumulation of
organic material, 952 eutrophication
122
Biodiversity

Species size Status
A B C
Triturus C X 421 - disposal of household waste, 803 clean and remove mud/ vegetation
dobrogicus - infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, from channels and ponds; regulate
pools, marshes or pits, 853 - water level; remove waste from
management of water levels, 951 - ponds and channels; map and
drying out / accumulation of organic protect (in spring/summer) small
material, 952 - eutrophication ponds; create/dig new ponds
Emys C X 421 - disposal of household waste, 803 Prevent cultivation and drainage of
orbicularis - infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, wet areas; clean and remove mud/
pools, marshes or pits, 853 - vegetation from channels and
management of water levels, 951 - ponds; regulate favorable water
drying out / accumulation of organic level
Bombina C X 100 - Cultivation, 164 - forestry Apply close-to-nature forestry
bombina clearance, 165 - removal of forest (prevent clear-cuttings and
undergrowth, 810 - Drainage, 850 - intensive logging); prevent
Modification of hydrographic cultivation and drainage of wet
functioning, general, 853 - areas (especially in forests); keep
management of water levels natural water regime in forests
Phalacrocorax 3-20bp X 210 - Professional fishing, 220 - Leisure maintain favorable water regime
pygmaeus fishing, 810 - Drainage, 850 - (periodical flooding); maintain
Modification of hydrographic open habitats with water bodies;
functioning, 920 - Drying out, 950 - protect breeding areas
Biocenotic evolution, 951 - drying out /
Ixobrichus 30-40bp X 920 - Drying out, 950 - Biocenotic Maintain favorable water regime
minutes evolution, 951 - drying out / (periodical flooding); control reed
accumulation of organic material cutting and burning
123
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
Nycticorax 300-450bp X 810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of maintain favorable water regime
nycticorax hydrographic functioning, 920 - Drying (periodical flooding); maintain
out, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, 951 - open wet habitats
material
Ardeola 20-35bp X 810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of maintain favorable water regime
ralloides hydrographic functioning, 920 - Drying (periodical flooding); maintain
drying out/accumulation of org.
material
Egretta 40-90bp X 810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of maintain favorable water regime
garzetta hydrographic functioning, 920 - Drying (periodical flooding); maintain
drying out / accum. organic material
Casmerodius 4-8bp X 810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of maintain favorable water regime
albus hydrographic functioning, 920 - Drying (periodical flooding); maintain
drying out/accum. organic material
Ardea 40-70bp X 810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of maintain favorable water regime
cinerea hydrographic functioning, 920 - Drying (periodical flooding); maintain
Ardea 20-30bp X 810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of maintain favorable water regime
purpurea hydrographic functioning, 920 - Drying (periodical flooding); maintain
Ciconia 15-18bp X 160 - General Forestry management, Maintain favorable water regime
nigra 162 - artificial planting, 230 - Hunting, (periodical flooding); maintain
502 - roads, motorways, 810 - open wet habitats; protect old
Drainage, 850 - Modification of trees and old grown forest
hydrographic functioning, 951 - drying fragments
out/accumulation of organic material
Plegadis 0-1bp X 810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of Maintain favorable water regime
falcinellus hydrographic functioning, 920 - Drying (periodical flooding); maintain
out, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, 951 - open wet habitats; reduce human
drying out/accum. organic material presence on predefined areas
Haliaeetus 4-5bp X 160 - General Forestry management, protect old, large trees which are
albicilla 162 - artificial planting, 230 - Hunting, suitable for nesting; reduce and
243 - trapping, poisoning, poaching, control human presence around
502 - roads, motorways, 810 - nests in reproductive period; feed
Drainage, 850 - Modification of species supplemental
hydrographic functioning, 951 - drying
out / accumulation of organic material
Aquila 3bp X 141 - abandonment of pastoral protect and maintain open wet
pomarina systems, 160 - General Forestry habitats (wet meadows) in and
management, 162 - artificial planting, around site; protect nesting locality
230 - Hunting, 243 - trapping, (reduce logging in the area); reduce
poisoning, poaching, 502 - roads, and control human presence
motorways, 810 - Drainage, 850 - around nests in reproductive
Modification of hydrographic period
functioning, 950 - Biocenotic evolution,
951 - drying out/accum. Org. material
Falco 1-2bp X 100 - Cultivation, 141 - abandonment maintain open habitats (meadows,
cherrug of pastoral systems, 240 - Taking / wet meadows, pastures); place
Removal of fauna, general, 243 - artificial nests on high power
trapping, poisoning, poaching, 950 - pylons; recolonize suslik
Alcedo athis 5-10 bp X 165 - removal of forest undergrowth, Define areas important for
220 - Leisure fishing, 403 - dispersed breeding and control access to
habitation, 701 - Noise nuisance, 810 - them; maintain riverbank
Drainage, 811 - management of vegetation; maintain favorable
124
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
aquatic and bank vegetation for water level
drainage purposes, 951 - drying out /
Dendrocopo 200-300bp X 160 - General Forestry management, leave old, dead or dying trees;
s medius 162 - artificial planting, 164 - forestry control access to forest habitats
clearance, 165 - removal of forest (reduce human presence during
undergrowth, 166 - removal of dead reproduction)
and dying trees
Ficedula 150-200bp X 160 - General Forestry management, Leave old, dead or dying trees;
albicollis 162 - artificial planting, 164 - forestry preserve natural structure of forest
clearance, 165 - removal of forest (multi-layer); control access to
undergrowth,166 - removal of dead forest habitats (reduce human
and dying trees presence during reproduction)
Lanius 3-5bp X 100 - Cultivation, 101 - Smodification of maintain open habitats
minor cultivation practices, 110 - Use of (mowing/grazing); maintain
pesticides, 141 - abandonment of vegetation along agricultural fields;
pastoral systems reduce use of pesticides
Saxicola C X 100 - Cultivation, 101 - Smodification of maintain open habitats
rubetra cultivation practices, 110 - Use of (mowing/grazing); maintain
pastoral systems, 950 - Biocenotic reduce use of pesticides
evolution
Lutra lutra C X 100 - Cultivation, 243 - trapping, clean and remove mud/vegetation
poisoning, poaching, 403 - dispersed from channels and ponds; regulate
habitation, 701 - Noise nuisance, 803 - favorable water level; control
infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, fishing and use of fishing nets
marshes or pits, 810 - Drainage, 850 -
Castor fiber A X 100 - Cultivation, 243 - trapping, clean and remove mud/ vegetation
habitation, 701 - Noise nuisance, 803 - favorable water level; educate
infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, farmers and local people

Drainage
Water regulation
Cultivation
Natural succession
Eutrophication
Intensive use of wood (forest management)
Invasive species.
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and maintain favorable water
regime
Remove organic material of marshes, ditches and ponds
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and harmonize forest management with nature protection
and conservation needs (leave old, dead and dying trees, keep natural forest structure)
125
Biodiversity
Maintain open habitats (pastures, wet meadows)

Replace poplar plantages with natural habitat type species
Create artificial water bodies for birds and amphibians
Secure incentives for traditional cattle breeding practice.
Development of an integral management plan. Current management body has already made
significant effort on improving conservation status of wetlands within protected area but
conservations measures should be further implemented and on the wider area
Stricter control access to site to reduce disturbing species
Develop eco-tourism within site and promote natural values.
Biodiversity
39. Zasavica
The site Zasavica is a typical flatland river surrounded by a
mosaic of aquatic and wetland ecosystems and with fragments
of flooded forests. Zasavica today is a tributary to the Sava, but
according to available literature data, centuries ago it was a
natural connection between the Sava and its tributary the Drina.
Today the connection with the Drina is closed.
The site represents a mosaic of natural and agricultural habitats
alongside the Zasavica River which is located on the right bank
of Sava River near the city of Sremska Mitrovica. The main
characteristic feature of the Zasavica reserve is the wide open
floodplain area with common pastures although these cover
only 9,6 % of the whole area.
Very rare species such as Aldrovanda vesiculosa and Umbra
krameri are found there. It is also important as a breeding place
for bird species such as Botaurus stellaris and Aythia nyroca.
Castor fiber has been reintroduced recently. There are several
underground springs that supply Zasavica with fresh water. The
area is well-known as the only natural site in Serbia with Umbra krameri.
The water regime in the site is highly dependent on the dam and pumping station located at the mouth
of Zasavica into Sava River. The operation of the dam is harmonized to the needs of farmers and private
landowners only. Because of this, the water level in Zasavica is low during the spring and summer to
prevent flooding of arable land. This low water table has a negative impact on the biodiversity.
The site covers a total are of 2.335 ha. The land use is the following: grasslands covers 225 ha, which is
moderately used, moderately used mixed deciduous forest cover 637 ha, intensively managed poplar
plantations cover 108 ha, extensively used waterlogged areas including river Zasavica and tributary
watercourses cover 185 ha, moderately to intensively used arable land 1.108 ha and intensively used
orchards cover 16 ha. The land ownership is divided with public, state and private ownership. In 1997,
671 ha of area were designated as Special Nature Reserve Zasavica.
The invasive plant species are: Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Amorpha fruticosa, Solidago
gigantea, Ailanthus altissima, Aster sp. Phytolacca americana and Fallopia x bohemica. The invasive fish
species are: Carassius auratus gibelio, Lepomis gibbosus, Ictalurus nebulosus, Pseudorasbora parva.

type in site Status
A B C
3130 0,4 X 803 - infilling of ditches, dykes, maintain favorable water regime;
ponds, pools, marshes or pits, 810 - prevent cultivation of areas near river
Drainage, 850 - Modification of banks and near ponds and marshes;
hydrographic functioning, 920 - maintain mosaic habitat around water
Drying out, 950 - Biocenotic bodies; control access of people to most
evolution, 954 - invasion by a species important habitat
3140 0,1 X 810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of Maintain favorable water regime;
hydrographic functioning, 951 - maintain connectivity of water bodies;
drying out / accumulation of organic prevent drainage and cultivation of all
material, 952 - eutrophication water bodies; reduce water polution
3150 5,3 X 150- Restructuring agricultural land clean and remove mud/vegetation from
holding, 803 - infilling of ditches, channels and ponds; maintain favorable
dykes, ponds, pools, marshes or pits, water regime; maintain connectivity of
810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of water bodies; control access of people to
127
Biodiversity
type in site Status
A B C
hydrographic functioning, 920 - most important habitat; prevent
Drying out, 950 - Biocenotic drainage and cultivation of water bodies
evolution, 954 - invasion by a species
3260 0,6 X 100 - Cultivation, 850 - Modification preserve naturalness of water courses;
of hydrographic functioning, general prevent drainage and cultivation;
maintain favorable water level;
3270 0,8 X 100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 811 clean and remove mud/vegetation from
- management of aquatic and bank channels and ponds; regulate water
vegetation for drainage purposes, level; control access of people to most
850 - Modification of hydrographic important habitat
functioning, 950 - Biocenotic
6430 0,1 X 100 - Cultivation, 811 - management prevent cultivation and drainage;
of aquatic and bank vegetation for maintain open habitats (mowing,
drainage purposes, 850 - grazing); remove invasive species
Modification of hydrographic (Amorpha fruticosa)
functioning, general, 950 - Biocenotic
6440 8,3 X 141 - abandonment of pastoral prevent cultivation and drainage;
systems, 530 - Improved access to maintain open habitats (mowing,
site, 810 - Drainage, 850 - grazing); remove invasive species
Modification of hydrographic (Amorpha fruticosa)
functioning, 950 - Biocenotic
6510 3,4 X 141 - abandonment of pastoral maintain favorable water regime
systems, 810 - Drainage, 850 - (periodical flooding); maintain open
Modification of hydrographic habitats (mowing, grazing); prevent tree
functioning, 950 - Biocenotic planting (poplar plantation)
91E0 5,5 X 160 - General Forestry management, maintain favorable water regime
of forest undergrowth, 180 - Burning, alochtonous vegetation; replanting of
810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of native tree species in accordance with
hydrographic functioning, 954 - habitat type; reconstruct willow forests
invasion by a species on degraded areas
of dead and dying trees, 170 - Animal tree species in accordance with habitat
breeding - Animal breeding, 810 - type; control access of people, improve
Drainage, 850 - Modification of control of protection (tree and bush
hydrographic functioning, 954 - cutting, cultivation)
Reedbeds 12,1 X 810 - Drainage, 811 - management maintain favorable water regime
of aquatic and bank vegetation for (periodical flooding); prevent cultivation
drainage purposes, 850 - and drainage; control reed cutting and
Modification of hydrographic burning
accumulation of organic material,
952 - eutrophication
128
Biodiversity
Table 39.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site

Species size Status
A B C
Aldrovanda A X 701 - Noise nuisance, 810 - Drainage, Maintain favorable water level;
vesiculosa 850 - Modification of hydrographic prevent drainage and cultivation
/ accumulation of organic material
Umbra A X 210 - Professional fishing, 220 - maintain favorable water level;
krameri Leisure fishing, 701 - Noise nuisance, control fishing
functioning, general
Emys C X 421 - disposal of household waste, prevent cultivation and drainage of
orbicularis 803 - infilling of ditches, dykes, wet areas; clean and remove mud/
ponds, pools, marshes or pits, 853 - vegetation from channels and ponds;
management of water levels, 951 - regulate favorable water level
material, 952 - eutrophication)
Bombina C X 100 - Cultivation, 164 - forestry Apply close-to-nature forestry
bombina clearance, 165 - removal of forest (prevent clearcuttings and intensive
undergrowth, 810 - Drainage, 850 - logging), prevent cultivation and
Modification of hydrographic drainage of wet areas (especially
functioning, general, 853 - within forests), keep natural water
management of water levels regime in forests (flooding in spring)
Triturus C X 421 - disposal of household waste, clean and remove mud/vegetation
dobrogicus 803 - infilling of ditches, dykes, from channels and ponds; regulate
ponds, pools, marshes or pits, 853 - water level, remove waste from
management of water levels, 951 - ponds and channels, map and protect
drying out / accumulation of organic (in spring/summer) small ponds,
material, 952 - eutrophication create/dig new ponds
Botaurus 0-2bp X 100 - Cultivation, 220 - Leisure fishing, Maintain favorable water level;
stellaris 530 - Improved access to site, 690 - control reed cutting and burning
129
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
Other leisure and tourism impacts, 810
- Drainage, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning,950 -
Ixobricuhs 20-25bp X 100 - Cultivation, 220 - Leisure maintain favorable water level,
minutus fishing, 690 - Other leisure and control reed cutting and burning
tourism impacts, 920 - Drying out,
950 - Biocenotic evolution, 951 -
material
Ciconia 0-1bp X 100 - Cultivation, 160 - General maintain favorable water regime
nigra Forestry management, 162 - artificial (periodical flooding), maintain open
planting, 230 - Hunting, 502 - roads, wet habitats, protect old trees and
motorways, 530 - Improved access to old-grown forest fragments
site, 810 - Drainage, 850 -
Aythia 15-25bp X 220 - Leisure fishing, 230 - Hunting, maintain favorable water level,
nyroca 530 - Improved access to site, 690 - control human presence during
Other leisure and tourism impacts, reproduction period
Haliaeetus 0-1bp X 160 - General Forestry management, protect old, large trees suitable for
albicilla 162 - artificial planting, 230 - nesting, reduce and control human
Hunting, 243 - trapping, poisoning, presence around nests in
poaching, 502 - roads, motorways, reproductive period, feed
810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of supplemental
hydrographic functioning, general,
organic material
Alcedo 5-8bp X 165 - removal of forest undergrowth, define areas important for breeding
atthis 220 - Leisure fishing, 403 - dispersed and control of access to them,
habitation, 701 - Noise nuisance, 810 maintain riverbank vegetation,
- Drainage, 811 - management of maintain favorable water level
aquatic and bank vegetation for
drainage purposes, 951 - drying out /
Saxicola 20-30bp X 100 - Cultivation, 141 - abandonment maintain open habitats (mow/grass),
rubetra of pastoral systems, 151 - removal of maintain vegetation along agriculture
hedges and copses fields, reduce use of pesticides
Lanius 1-3bp X 100 - Cultivation, 141 - abandonment maintain open habitats (mow/grass),
minor of pastoral systems, 151 - removal of maintain vegetation along agriculture
hedges and copses fields, reduce use of pesticides
Lutra lutra C X 100 - Cultivation, 243 - trapping, Clean and remove mud/vegetation
poisoning, poaching, 403 - dispersed from channels and ponds, regulate
habitation, 701 - Noise nuisance, 803 favorable water level, control fishing
- infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, and use of fishing nets
pools, marshes or pits, 810 -
hydrographic functioning, general,
organic material
Castor A X 100 - Cultivation, 243 - trapping, clean and remove mud/vegetation
fiber poisoning, poaching, 403 - dispersed from channels and ponds, regulate
habitation, 811 - management of favorable water level, educate
aquatic and bank vegetation for farmers and local people
drainage purposes, 803 - infilling of
ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, marshes
or pits, 810 - Drainage, 850 -
130
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
functioning, general

Regulation of water level
Drainage and cultivation
Deforestation.
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and maintain favorable water level
management
Remove accumulated organic material from ponds, ditches and river bed where necessary
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and restore alluvial forests and other forest habitat types;
control cutting and removal of forest undergrowth, remove alochtonous vegetation
Manage open habitat types by mowing
Support and ensure incentives for traditional cattle breeding practice.
Enlarge areas with pastures and meadows
Specific actions and action plans for rare and endangered species.
131
Biodiversity
40. Trskovaa
The site Trskovaca represents a relatively small wetland area, which is important for wetland habitats
and for migratory birds. It is particulary important for its large and compact areas with reed as well as an
important spawning area for the fish species Tinca tinca and Carassius auratus. There are also several
underground springs, which ensure constant influx of fresh water.
Trskovaca is located nearby Platicevo, a small village in the southern part of Srem near Obedska bara.
This area is enchased from the South and West by the Sava River valley. Trskovaca includes the
meliorated areas of Trskovaca pond and the wetland complex that is a connection between Sava River
and Special Nature Reserve Obedska bara (eng. Marsh of Obed). It is an important ecological corridor,
and represents a singled out agricultural area, which is a result of interaction between human activities
and the forces of nature.
The site covers a total area of 380 ha. The dominant land use is agriculture on arable land. There is
balance between private and state ownership. There is also a minor part of area in public ownership.
About half of the site area (natural sites) is under process of protected area (PA) designation. A proposal
for the protection of this area (natural monument) has been finished.
The invasive species are: Ambrosia artemisifolia, Asclepias syriaca, Carassius gibelio, Lepomis gibbosus.

type in site Status
A B C
3150 10,4 X 150 - Restructuring agricultural land Clean and remove mud/vegetation from
holding, 803 - infilling of ditches, channels and ponds; maintain favorable
dykes, ponds, pools, marshes or pits, water regime, maintain connectivity of
810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of water bodies, control access of people
hydrographic functioning, general, to important habitat, prevent drainage
950 - Biocenotic evolution, 954 - and cultivation of all water bodies
3270 4,1 X 100 - Cultivation, 850 - Modification selective clean and remove mud/
of hydrographic functioning, general, vegetation from channels and ponds;
950 - Biocenotic evolution regulate water level, prevent of
cultivation
91E0 0,1 X 100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 850 plant native willow trees, maintain
- Modification of hydrographic favorable water regime (flooding)
functioning, general, 954 - invasion
by a species
Reedbeds 17,4 X 100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 811 maintain favorable water regime
- management of aquatic and bank (periodic flooding), prevent cultivation
vegetation for drainage purposes, and drainage, control reed cutting and
850 - Modification of hydrographic burning
/ accumulation of organic material,
952 - eutrophication
132
Biodiversity

Species size Status
A B C
Trituris X 421 - disposal of household waste, 803 - Clean and remove mud/
dobrogicus infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, vegetation from channels and
marshes or pits, 853 - management of water ponds; regulate water level,
levels, 951 - drying out / accumulation of map and strict protec (in
organic material, 952 - eutrophication spring/summer) small ponds,
create/ dig new ponds
Bombina C X 100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 850 - prevent cultivation and
bombina Modification of hydrographic functioning, drainage of wet areas,
general, 853 - management of water levels maintain favorable water
regime
Emys C X 421 - disposal of household waste, 803 - Prevent cultivation and
orbicularis infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, drainage of wet areas, clean
marshes or pits, 850 - Modification of and remove mud/ vegetation
hydrographic functioning, general, 951 - drying from channels and ponds,
out / accumulation of organic material, 952 - regulate favorable water level
eutrophication
Ciconia 20i X 100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 850 - maintain favorable water
nigra Modification of hydrographic functioning, regime (periodic flooding),
general, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, 951 - maintain open wet habitats
drying out / accumulation of organic material (flooded meadows)
Haliaeetus 2i X 100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 850 - maintain favorable water

albicilla Modification of hydrographic functioning, regime, maintain open wet
general, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, 951 - habitats and water bodies,
drying out / accumulation of organic material supplemental feed species
Aquila 2i X 100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 850 - Maintain favorable water
pomarina Modification of hydrographic functioning, regime, maintain open wet
133
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
general, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, 951 - habitats and water bodies
drying out / accumulation of organic material
Saxicola 1-2bp X 100 - Cultivation, 141 - abandonment of maintain open habitats
rubetra pastoral systems (mow/grass), maintain
vegetation along agriculture,
reduce use of pesticides
Castor B X 100 - Cultivation, 243 - trapping, poisoning, clean and remove
fiber poaching, 403 - dispersed habitation, 803 - mud/vegetation from channels
infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, and ponds, regulate favorable
marshes or pits, 810 - Drainage, 811 - water level, educate farmers
management of aquatic and bank vegetation and local people
for drainage purposes, 850 - Modification of
hydrographic functioning

Main threats on Natura 2000 focal habitat types and species
Water regulation
Drainage
Cultivation.
Integrate water management with nature protection needs and control water levels in order to
secure periodic flooding, keep water in ponds and ditches during late spring and summer and
avoid drainage.
Remove organic material from inland ditches and ponds
Prevent intensive forestry and agriculture
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and reforestate with native willow trees
Manage open habitat types by mowing and grazing
Define zones important for target habitat types and species
Develop management plan and action plans for particular habitats and species.
134
Biodiversity
41. Moroviko-bosutske ume
The site is situated in the lowland on the left bank of the Sava River and includes several tributaries on
the Northern edge while on the Westside the site borders Spacva, one of the project sites in Croatia.
The mosaic-like landscape is dominated by mixture of old lowland Pedunculate oak-ash-hornbeam
forests, with mosaics of marshes and waterlogged areas overgrown with willows, representing a natural
mosaic of high biodiversity value. The plants are mostly hygrophilous. Small grassland patches, in
different stages of succession, are most often situated within wetland complexes. Accelerated
overgrowing of meadows is mostly caused by insufficient number of wild and domestic herbivores and
by the lack of natural flooding. The site is surrounded by arable land from north and east. A few villages
are in the vicinity.
Lowland forests are dominating the landscape. On the border of the site the tributaries to the Sava
including the Bosut River are flowing adding to the landscape and biodiversity of the site. Within the site
are also a few smaller watercourses.
The largest part of the site is protected by a dyke along the Sava, but the water regime of the area is
managed through a dam in the river Bosut that is a tributary to the Sava. By doing so, flooding of the site
is not regular, but managed depending mostly upon needs of agriculture and flooding protection of
settlements and towns in the vicinity and downstream.
The total area of the site is 21.852 ha. Dominant land use is forestry. Natural or semi-natural mixed
deciduous forests cover 19.281 ha, mostly moderately managed, according to the agreed land use
criteria. Only waterlogged willow and autochthonous poplars forests in foreland, managed by Public
Enterprise for Water Management Vode Vojvodine, are extensively managed. Small watercourses,
fragmented grassland patches and forest infrastructure are included into forestry, since belonging to
forest management units. 830 ha of the site is covered by intensively managed poplar plantations.
More than 95 pct. of the site is owned by the state, predominantly covered by forests managed by the
Public Enterprise Vojvodina sume. Some land in state ownership is managed by the Public Enterprise
Vode Vojvodine, and there is also an area for hunting and fishing tourism -VU Morovic, managed by
the Serbian Armed Forces. A smaller part of the area is private agricultural land.
Only 225 ha (1 %) of the site is under protection in form of six separated Strict Nature Reserves,
presenting oldest natural forest remnants with trees up to 400 years old. The conservation of the area is
to be revised and the protected areas to be joined into one larger Nature Reserve, which is yet to be
established.
The invasive species are one of the greatest threats for the site area. The invasive plant species are
Amorpha fruticosa, Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Asclepias syriaca, Ailanthus altissima,
Solidago gigantea and Gledichia triachantos. The invasive fish species are Carassius auratus gibelio,
Lepomis gibbosus, Ictalurus nebulosus and Pseudorasbora parva.

type in site Status
A B C
3130 0,1 X 803 - infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, maintain favorable water regime;
pools, marshes or pits, 810 - Drainage, prevent cultivation of areas near river
850 - Modification of hydrographic banks and near ponds and marshes;
functioning, 920 - Drying out, 950 - maintain mosaic habitat near water
Biocenotic evolution, 954 - invasion by bodies; control access to important
a species locations
3150 1,5 X 150 - Restructuring agricultural land clean and remove mud/vegetation from
holding, 803 - infilling of ditches, dykes, channels and ponds; maintain favorable
ponds, pools, marshes or pits, 810 - water regime; maintain connectivity of
135
Biodiversity
type in site Status
A B C
Drainage, 850 - Modification of water bodies; control access to most
hydrographic functioning, 920 - Drying important locations; prevent drainage
out, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, 954 - and cultivation of all water bodies
3260 0,1 X 100 - Cultivation, 850 - Modification of preserve naturalness of water courses;
hydrographic functioning prevent drainage and cultivation;
maintain favorable water level
3270 0,2 X 100 - Cultivation, 810 - Drainage, 811 - selective clean and remove
management of aquatic and bank mud/vegetation from channels and
vegetation for drainage purposes, 850 ponds; regulate water level; control
- Modification of hydrographic access of people to most important
functioning, 950 - Biocenotic evolution, locations
954 - species invasion
6430 0,1 X 100 - Cultivation, 811 - management of prevent cultivation and drainage;
aquatic and bank veg. for drainage maintain open habitats (mowing,
purposes, 850 - Modification of grazing); remove invasive species
hydrographic functioning, 950 - (Amorpha fruticosa)
Biocenotic evolution, 954 - species
invasion
6440 0,5 X 141 - abandonment of pastoral Prevent cultivation and drainage;
systems, 530 - Improved access to site, maintain open habitats (mowing,
810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of grazing); remove invasive species
hydrographic functioning, general, 950 (Amorpha fruticosa)
- Biocenotic evolution, 954 - invasion
by a species
6450 0,1 X 162 - artificial planting, 810 - Drainage, prevent cultivation and drainage; enable
850 - Modification of hydrographic periodical flooding; prevent poplar
functioning, general, 950 - Biocenotic plantation; maintain open habitats
evolution, 954 - invasion by a species (mowing, grazing)
9160 37,5 X 160 - General Forestry management, Stop planting alochtonous vegetation;
162 - artificial planting, 165 - removal replant native tree species relevant for
of forest undergrowth, 166 - removal habitat type, control access of people,
of dead and dying trees, 170 - Animal improve control of protection (tree
breeding, 421 - disposal of household cutting, bush cutting, cultivation); control
waste, 502 - roads, motorways, 954 animal breeding within forests (pigs)
species invasion
91E0 0,4 X 160 - General Forestry management, maintain favorable water regime
of forest undergrowth, 180 - Burning, alochtonous vegetation; replant native
810 - Drainage, 850 - Modification of tree species relevant for habitats;
hydrographic functioning, 954 reconstruct willow forests on degraded
species invasion areas
of dead and dying trees, 170 - Animal tree species; control access of people,
breeding - Animal breeding, 810 - improve tree& bush cutting and
Drainage, 850 - Modification of cultivation
hydrographic functioning, general, 954
- invasion by a species
Reedbeds 4,6 X 810 - Drainage, 811 - management of maintain favorable water regime
aquatic and bank vegetation for (periodical flooding); prevent cultivation
drainage purposes, 850 - Modification and drainage; control reed cutting and
of hydrographic functioning, general, burning
organic material, 952 - eutrophication
136
Biodiversity

Species size Status
A B C
Triturus C X 421 - disposal of household waste, 803 clean and remove mud/ vegetation
dobrogicus - infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, from channels and ponds; regulate
pools, marshes or pits, 853 - of water level; remove waste from
management of water levels, 951 - ponds and channels; map and strict
drying out / accumulation of organic protect (in spring/summer) small
material, 952 - eutrophication ponds; create new ponds
Bombina C X 100 - Cultivation, 164 - forestry Apply close-to-nature forest
bombina clearance, 165 - removal of forest management (prevent clear-cuttings
undergrowth, 810 - Drainage, 850 - and intensive logging); prevent
Modification of hydrographic cultivation and drainage of wet
functioning, 853 - management of areas (especially in forests); keep
water levels natural water regime in forests
Emys C X 421 - disposal of household waste, 803 prevent cultivation and drainage of
orbicularis - infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, wet areas; clean and remove mud/
pools, marshes or pits, 853 - vegetation from channels and
management of water levels, 951 - ponds; regulate favorable water
drying out / accumulation of organic level
material, 952 eutrophication
Ciconia 12-16bp X 160 - General Forestry management, maintain favorable water regime
nigra 162 - artificial planting, 230 - Hunting, (periodical flooding); maintain open
502 - roads, motorways, 810 - wet habitats; protect old trees and
Drainage, 850 - Modification of oldgrown forest fragments
Haliaeetus 6-7bp X 160 - General Forestry management, protect old, large trees suitable for
albicilla 162 - artificial planting, 230 - Hunting, nesting; reduce and control human
243 - trapping, poisoning, poaching, presence near nests in reproductive
137
Biodiversity
Species size Status
A B C
502 - roads, motorways, 810 - period; supplement feed species
Aquila 1bp X 141 - abandonment of pastoral improve monitoring; protect and
pomarina systems, 160 - General Forestry maintain open wet meadows in and
management, 162 - artificial planting, around site; protect nesting locality
230 - Hunting, 243 - trapping, (reduce logging in area); reduce and
poisoning, poaching, 502 - roads, control human presence near nests
motorways, 810 - Drainage, 850 - in reproductive period
functioning, 950 - Biocenotic evolution,
organic material
Alcedo 10-20bp X 165 - removal of forest undergrowth, define areas important for breeding
atthis 220 - Leisure fishing, 403 - dispersed and control access to them;
habitation, 810 - Drainage, 811 - maintain riverbank vegetation;
management of aquatic and bank maintain favorable water level
vegetation for drainage purposes, 951
- drying out / accumulation of organic
material
Dendrocopos 50-80bp X 160 - General Forestry management, leave old, dead or dying trees;
medius 162 - artificial planting, 164 - forestry control access to forest habitats
clearance, 165 - removal of forest (reduce human presence during
undergrowth,166 - removal of dead reproduction period)
and dying trees
Ficedula 60-80bp X 160 - General Forestry management, leave old, dead or dying trees;
albicollis 162 - artificial planting, 164 - forestry preserve natural structure of forest
clearance, 165 - removal of forest (multi-layer); control access to
undergrowth,166 -removal of dead and forest habitats (reduce human
dying trees presence during reproduction
period)
Saxicola C X 100 - Cultivation, 101 - modification of Maintain open habitats
rubetra cultivation practices, 110 - Use of (mowing/grazing); maintain
pastoral systems, 950 - Biocenotic reduce use of pesticides
evolution
Lutra lutra C X 100 - Cultivation, 243 - trapping, clean and remove mud/vegetation
habitation, 701 - Noise nuisance, 803 - favorable water level; control fishing
infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, and use of fishing nets
Castor fiber C X 100 - Cultivation, 243 - trapping, clean and remove mud/vegetation
habitation, 701 - Noise nuisance, 803 - favorable water level; educate
infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, farmers and local people
138
Biodiversity

Cultivation
Drainage
Planting of alochtonous tree species.
Selectively remove organic material from marshes, ditches and ponds in order to improve status
of wet habitat types and species linked to them
Introduce close-to-nature forestry and integrate with nature protection needs, including
replacement of non-native poplar plantations with native tree species according to defined
habitat types
Secure incentives for traditional cattle breeding practice
Maintain open habitats (pastures, wet meadows)
Define zones important for target habitat types and species
species
Improve monitoring of habitats and species
Develop management plan and action plans for particular habitats and species harmonizing
forestry, water and agriculture plans with nature protection.
139
Biodiversity
Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River in Slovenia
42. Zelenci in Ledine pod Rateami

The general site character is alkaline fens and transitional bog at the source of Sava Dolinka.
The quality and importance of the site is connected to the wetland at the foot of alpine slopes, and the
river source in the alluvial and glacial deposits, surrounded by wetland vegetation. After the stream area
there is a complex of transitional mires.
The site is threatened by gravel transported by temporary streams, possible problems with uncontrolled
tourist visit (part of the area is dedicated for visitors), and changes in water regime and pollution.
The site covers a total of 112,19 ha. The site is designated as a Natura 2000 site and protected on
national level as a Natural Reserve and the site is included in the Slovenian ecological network.
The site is managed by the Triglav national park authority. The territory of the site is owned by a mixture
of private land owners, state, local community and the church.

Habitat type Coverage Conservation Status Threats and impacts
in site A B C
7230 30% X 400, 850, 853, 920, 950
7140 25% X 120, 950
7150 1% X 120, 502, 800, 950
Other known habitat types in site (Physis code): 22.414, 22.42, 22.431, 22.432, 22.433, 24.12, 37, 37.11, 44.11, 44.13, 44.22,
44.31, 53.11, 53.1111, 53.131, 53.2121, 53.31, 54.12, 54.122.
Fig. 42.1. The Natura 2000 site delineation.
140
Biodiversity
Focal Species Population Conservation Status Threats and impacts
size A B C
Alcedo atthis P>0% X -
Saxicola rubetra P>0% X -
Other species known in site: Anas querquedula, Crex crex, Rallus aquaticus, Myotis daubentonii, M. mystacinus, Neomys fodiens,
Bufo bufo, Hyla arborea, Rana kl. Esculenta, R. temporaria, Triturus alpestris alpestris, T. carnifex, Lacerta vivipara, Vipera
berus, Drepanocladus vernicosus, Andromeda polifolia, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Oxycoccus palustris, Utricularia
vulgaris.
Future management and protection

The site is designated as a Natura 2000 site and protected on national level as a Natural Reserve and is
included in the Slovenian ecological network.
Develop management plan for site and action plan for the Natura 2000 habitat types and
species, which the site is being designated for, in order to secure favourable conservation status
for these Natura 2000 habitat types and species.
141
Biodiversity
43. Sava Bohinjka z Mostnico in Ribnico

The site consists of alpine river with well preserved river dynamics and riparian habitats (gravelbeds,
willows, alder...). The site is an important fish habitat. The tributaries Motnica and Ribnica are important
fish spawning sites. Sava Bohinjka is also an important habitat for endangered fish and waterfowl
species.
The site covers a total of 455,74 ha. The territory of the site is owned by a mixture of private land
owners, state, local community and the church.
There is currently no management plan for the site. The site is designated as a Natura 2000 site and
The Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site: There are no Natura 2000 habitat types identified for the
site. Other habitat types known in site (Physis code): 24.12, 24.13, 37.714, 44.11, 44.2, 44.21
The Natura 2000 focal species in site: There are no Natura 2000 focal species identified for the site.
Other species known in site: Cinclus cinclus, Eudontomyzon marie, Cottus gobio, Coenonympha tullia.

The site is designated as a Natura 2000 site and included in the Slovenian ecological network.
142
Biodiversity
44. Sava Dolinka od Zelencev do Hruice
The site consists of alpine river with torrential character, with well preserved natural dynamics. Well
preserved riparian vergetation consists of non-forest habitat types, forest habitat types with willows and
shrubs with Salix elegans. Larger gravelbeds lie downstream from major tributaries (Beli potok, Belca,
Pinica). Typical pionir forest of red pine and common juniper developed on gravel alluvium.
The site covers a total of 337,39 ha. The territory of the site is owned by a mixture of private land
owners, state, local community and the church
The Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site : There are no Natura 2000 habitat types identified for the
site. Other habitat types known in site (Physis code): 24.12, 24.2, 44.11, 44.22.
The Natura 2000 focal species in site: There are no Natura 2000 focal species identified for the site.
Other species known in site: Charadrius dubius, Cottus gobio, Elaphoidella elaphoides, Hyponephele
lycaon, Coenonympha tullia.

143
Biodiversity
45. Sava od Mavi do Save
The general site character is riparian vegetation and important habitat for fish species. The main quality
and importance of the site is that it is a relatively natural segment of the Sava River, though moderately
poluted. The site is still an important habitat for Cottus gobio, Leuciscuss souffia, Rutilus pigus, Hucho
hucho and Eudontomyzon sp. Records include records for Vertigo angustior. The site has typical riparian
vegetation. The site is also important for the coherency of the network.
The site is regarded as vulnerable due to improper water management measures, water pollution,
drastic changes in water regime (making dams). The riparian vegetation is threatened by invasive plants.
The site covers a total area of 3.229,39 ha. The ownership of the site is a mixture of private land owners,
State, local community and the Church. There is currently no management plan for the site. The site is
designated under Natura 2000 and included in the Slovenian ecological network.
Table 45.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in sites

in site A B C
91E0 26% X 890
91L0 22% X 190
9180 1% X -
3240 2% X 300, 852, 853
6210 5% X 101, 120, 141
6510 1% X 101, 150, 810, 950
Other Natura 2000 habitat types known in site: 6110, and Physis habitat types known in site: 24.2, 34.3, 41.2A2, 44.1, 34.322,
34.323, 37.7, 38.221, 38.222, 44.3, 44.4, 24.52
Fig. 45.1. The Natura 2000 site designation.
144
Biodiversity
size A B C
Eudontomyzon spp. P<2% X 401, 420, 500, 510, 600, 629, 803, 811
Hucho hucho P>15% X 110, 120, 130, 170, 300, 401, 420, 500, 510, 600, 870,
960
Leuciscus souffia P<2% X 110, 120, 401, 420, 500, 510
Alcedo atthis - -
Sterna hirundo - -
Haliaeetus albicilla - -
Ciconia ciconia - -
Ficedula albicollis - -
Lanius minor - -
Saxicola rubetra - -
Other species known in site: Carabus variolosus, Leuciscus souffia, Rutilus pigus, Vertigo angustior, Accipiter gentilis, A. nisus,
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, A. arundinaceus, A. scirpaceus, Actitis hypoleucos, Alauda arvensis, Anas clypeata, A. crecca, A.
querquedula, A. strepera, Anthus pratensis, Ardea purpurea, Ardeola ralloides, Athene noctua, Aythya ferina, A. fuligula, A.
nyroca, Bombycilla garrulous, Buteo buteo, Carduelis cannabina, C. carduelis, C. chloris, C. spinus, Charadrius dubius, Chlidonias
hybridus, C. leucopterus, C. niger, C. nigra, Circus aeruginosus, Columba livia, C. oenas, Corvus corone corone, C. frugilegus,
Coturnix coturnix, Dendrocopos leucotos, D. major, D. minor, Dryocopus martius, Egretta garzetta, Emberiza citrinella, Emberiza
schoeniclus, Falco peregrines, F. subbuteo, F. tinnunculus, Galerida cristata, Gallinago gallinago, Ixobrychus minutus, Jynx
torquilla, Lanius collurio, Larus cachinnans, Larus ridibundus, Locustella fluviatilis, Luscinia megarhynchos, Miliaria calandra,
Milvus migrans, Motacilla flava, Nycticorax nycticorax, Oenanthe oenanthe, Oriolus oriolus, Pandion haliaetus, Perdix perdix,
Pernis apivorus, Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Phoenicurus ochruros, P. phoenicurus, Picus canus, P. viridis, Platalea leucorodia,
Podiceps cristatus, P. grisegena, P. nigricollis, Rallus aquaticus, Remiz pendulinus, Saxicola torquata, Serinus serinus, Sterna
caspia, Streptopelia turtur, Strix aluco, Sylvia communis, Tachybaptus ruficollis, Tringa glareola, Tringa ochropus, Tringa
tetanus, Troglodytes troglodytes, Turdus torquatus, Upupa epops, Vanellus vanellus, Hyla arborea, Bombina variegata, Rana
dalmatina, R. kl. Esculenta, R. lessonae, R. ridibunda, R. temporaria, Triturus carnifex, T. vulgaris, Bufo bufo, Cottus gobio,
Aeshna grandis, Epitheca bimaculata, Gomphus vulgatissimus, Libellula fulva, Lycaena dispar, Mellicta aurelia, M. britomartis,
Myotis emarginatus, Nymphaea alba, Orchis palustris.

Integrate water management with nature protection needs, including measures for water
quality and water dynamics
145
Biodiversity
46. Sava od Radovljice do Kranja
The site is a relatively undisturbed and natural segment of the Sava River located North-West from
Kranj. It is an important habitat for the species Hucho hucho and Cottus gobio. The site consists of
alluvial vegetation.
The quality and importance of the site is connecte to being one of the rare preserved segments of the
Sava River in the upper middle stream. Still, the site contains natural processes of the river with alluvial
gravel and more or less natural vegetation.
The site is vulnable to the current inappropriate water management with gravel extraction and water
pollution.
The site covers a total of 877,91 ha. The site has a mixed ownership of privat land owners, State, local
community and church.

in site A B C
91E0 9% X 890
91L0 18% X 190
3220 10% X 211, 300, 620, 830, 852, 954
3230 1% X 300, 852
3240 10% X 300, 852, 853
Other Physis habitat types known in site: 24.12, 24.2, 37.714, 41.81, 42.54, 44.22, 44.31, 53.31, 54.121, 54.221.
146
Biodiversity
Focal Species Population Conservation tatus Threats and impacts
size A B C
Hucho hucho P<2% X 110, 120, 130, 170, 300, 401, 420, 500, 510, 600,
870, 960
Alcedo atthis - -
Other species known in site: Callimorpha quadripunctaria, Cottus gobio, Actitis hypoleucos, Alauda arvensis, Alectoris graeca,
Bonasa bonasia, Mergus merganser, Scolopax rusticola, Leuciscus souffia.

147
Biodiversity
47. Sava Bohinjka in Sava Dolinka
The site include the confluence of the two rivers Sava Bohinjka and Sava Dolinka with an exceptional
diversity of water and riparian habitats with wetlands, meanders, gravelbeds and many others. The site
holds habitats of many rare and endangered plant and animal species.
The site covers a total area of 936,54 ha. The site has a mixed ownership of private land owners, State,
Local Community and the Church.

in site A B C
7210 5% X 403, 501, 803, 810, 850
7220 1% X 301, 800, 852
7230 1% X 400, 850, 853, 920, 950
Other Physis habitat types known in site: 24.12, 24.2, 24.221, 37.714, 41.81, 42.54, 44.22, 44.31, 53.31, 54.121, 54.221.

size A B C
Myotis myotis <120 X 164, 624, 740, 110
Bombina variegata - -
Hucho hucho - -
Other species known in site: Callimorpha quadripunctaria, Austropotamobius torrentium, Coenagrion ornatum, Ardea cinerea,
Charadrius alexandrines, Cinclus cinclus, Dendrocopos major, Falco peregrines, F. subbuteo, F. tinnunculus, Ficedula albicollis,
Jynx torquilla, Lanius collurio, Nycticorax nycticorax, Oriolus oriolus, Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Picus canus, P. viridis, Serinus
serinus, Sylvia borin, Hyla arborea, Rana dalmatina, R. kl. Esculenta, R. ridibunda, R. temporaria, Triturus alpestris, T. vulgaris,
Bufo bufo, Anguis fragilis, Coronella austriaca, Elaphe longissima, Lacerta agilis, L. viridis, L. vivipara, Natrix natrix, N. tessellata,
148
Biodiversity
Podarcis muralis, Vipera ammodytes, V. berus, Cottus gobio, Eudontomyzon mariae, Thymallus thymallus, Melitaea diamina,
Cerambyx scopoli, Lucanus cervus, Prionus coriarius, Procerus gigas, Schoenus ferrugineus, Liparis loeselii, Drosera rotundifolia,
Cladium mariscus.

149
Biodiversity
48. Julijske Alpe
The site covers almost the entire territory of the Julianne Alpes and contains well preserved and
developed mountain ecosystems of the South-Eastern calcareous alpes from alpine valleys up to the
mountain tops. The site holds the source of Sava Bohinjka.
The main quality and importance of the site is linked to the very well preserved alpine ecosystems with
natural processes in place. The site holds the greatest number of caves, more than 800, in Slovenia
though not rich in troglobiont fauna. All typical alpine ecosystems exist in the site and are well
developed such as alpine grasslands, chasmophyte vegetation and calcareous screes. Outstanding
values are the dwarf pine complexes, black pine pioneer forests and limestone pavements. The site
holds the main part of the habitat of the species Erebia calcarea and one of key areas for the endemic
species Campanula zoysii, while the Soa River in the site has the main provenience for Salmo
marmoratus.
The main problems for the site are the long distance air pollution and uncontrolled mountaineering in
high mountain area. In the alpine valleys, there are problems with abandonment or intensification of
grasslands, uncontrolled urbanisation due to development of infrastructure and capacities for tourists.
The site covers a total area of 115.551,97 ha. The ownership of the site is a mixture of private land
owners, State, Local Community and the Church.
The site is designated as a Natura 2000 site and included in the Slovenian ecological network. Most of
the site is included in Triglav National Park, first protected in 1924 and with existing area from 1981. The
site is managed by the Triglav National Park authority.

in site A B C
3140 1% X 120, 140, 701, 803, 950, 952
6430 1% X 803, 810, 811, 853, 954, 971
6510 5% X 101, 150, 810, 950
7140 1% X 120, 950
Other Natura 2000 habitat types known in site: 4070, 91K0, 9530, 3220, 3230, 3240, 4060, 6110, 6150, 6170, 6210, 6230, 6520,
8120, 8160, 8210, 8220, 8240, 8310.
150
Biodiversity
size A B C
Alcedo atthis 1-3 X -
Aquila chrysaetos 10-12 X -
Lanius collurio 100-300 X -
Saxicola rubetra 100-300 X -
Other species known in site: Aegolius funereus, Alectoris graeca saxatilis, Aquilegia bertolonii, Bonasa bonasia, Campanula
zoysii, Cottus gobio, Cypripedium calceolus, Dryocopus martius, Erebia calcaria, Eryngium alpinum, Eudontomyzon spp., Falco
peregrines, Ficedula parva, Glaucidium passerinum, Gyps fulvus, Lagopus mutus helveticus, Lutra lutra, Lynx lynx, Moehringia
villosa, Monticola saxatilis, Osmoderma eremite, Picoides tridactylus, Rosalia alpine, Salmo marmoratus, Tetrao tetrix tetrix,
Tetrao urogallus, Ursus arctos, Barbastella barbastellus, Bombina variegate, Dicranum viride, Euphydryas aurinia, Gladiolus
palustris, Morimus funereus, Upupa epops, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Barbus meridionalis, Barbus plebejus, Leuciscus souffia,
Austropotamobius pallipes, Austropotamobius torrentium, Stemmacantha rhapontica, Leontodon montanus, Androsace
Helvetica.

The site is in the process of being designated as a Natura 2000 site and included in the Slovenian
ecological network. The site is included in the Triglav National Park, first protected in 1924 and with
existing area from 1981, which has management plan.
Develop action plans for the Natura 2000 habitat types and species, which the site is being
designated for, in order to secure favourable conservation status for these Natura 2000 habitat
types and species.
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Biodiversity
49. Sava od Rade do dravne meje
The site consists of the lower part of the Sava River with extensive floodplains. The area is rich in water
and riparian habitat types including riverbed with gravelbads and eroded walls, temporarly flooded
tributaries, permanent meanders, wetlands and fragments of lowland flooded forests. The site holds
important habitats for many rare and endangered bird, fish and amphibian species, especially for Aspius
aspius, Barbus meridionalis, Cobitis elongata, Cobitis taenia, Gobio uranoscopus, Rhodeus sericeus
amarus and Zingel streber.
The site covers a total area of 2.850,94 ha. The ownership of the site is a mixture of private land owners,
State, Local Community and Church.

in site A B C
6210 30% X 101, 120, 141
6510 30% X 101, 150, 810, 950
Other habitat types (Physis code): 34.322, 34.323, 37.7, 38.221, 38.222, 44.3, 44.4, 41.1C, 41.2A1.

size A B C
Aythya nyroca P>0% -
Ardeola ralloides P>0% -
Phalacrocorax pygmeus P>0% -
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Biodiversity
Lanius collurio P>0% -
Lanius minor P>0% -
Ciconia nigra P>0% -
Haliaeetus albicilla P>0% -
Saxicola rubetra P>0% -
Ciconia ciconia P>0% -
Nycticorax nycticorax P>0% -
Platalea leucorodia P>0% -
Chlidonias hybridus P>0% -
Sterna hirundo P>0% -
Ficedula albicollis P>0% -
Alcedo atthis - -
Other known species in site: Aspius aspius, Barbus meridionalis, Cobitis elongate, C. taenia, Gobio uranoscopus, Rhodeus
sericeus amarus, Zingel streber, Cucujus cinnaberinus, Osmoderma eremite, Accipiter nisus, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, A.
arundinaceus, A. scirpaceus, Actitis hypoleucos, Alauda arvensis, Anas clypeata, A. crecca, A. querquedula, A. strepera, Anthus
pratensis, Ardea purpurea, Asio otus, Athene noctua, Aythya farina, A. fuligula, Bombycilla garrulous, Buteo buteo, Carduelis
cannabina, C. carduelis, C. chloris, C. spinus, Charadrius dubius, Chlidonias leucopterus, C. niger, Circus aeruginosus, Columba
livia, C. oenas, Corvus corone corone, C. frugilegus, Coturnix coturnix, Dendrocopos leucotos, D. major, D. minor, Dryocopus
martius, Egretta garzetta, Emberiza citrinella, E. schoeniclus, Falco peregrines, F. subbuteo, F. tinnunculus, Galerida cristata,
Gallinago gallinago, Gallinula chloropus, Ixobrychus minutes, Jynx torquilla, Larus cachinnans, L. ridibundus, Locustella
fluviatilis, Luscinia megarhynchos, Merops apiaster, Miliaria calandra, Milvus migrans, Motacilla flava, Oenanthe oenanthe,
Oriolus oriolus, Pandion haliaetus, Perdix perdix, Pernis apivorus, Phoenicurus ochruros, P. phoenicurus, Picus canus, P. viridis,
Podiceps cristatus, P. grisegena, P. nigricollis, Rallus aquaticus, Remiz pendulinus, Riparia riparia, Saxicola torquata, Serinus
serinus, Sterna caspia, Streptopelia turtur, Strix aluco, Sylvia communis, Tachybaptus ruficollis, Tringa glareola, T. ochropus, T.
totanus, Troglodytes troglodytes, Turdus torquatus, Upupa epops, Vanellus vanellus, Bombina variegate, Bufo bufo, Hyla
arborea, Rana dalmatina, R. kl. Esculenta, R. lessonae, R. ridibunda, R. temporaria, Triturus carnifex, T. vulgaris, Lacerta agilis,
Natrix tessellata, Barbus barbus, Chondrostoma nasus, Silurus glanis, Aeshna grandis, Cercion lindenii, Epitheca bimaculata,
Gomphus vulgatissimus, Libellula fulva, Somatochlora flavomaculata, Lycaena dispar, Mellicta aurelia, M. britomartis, Najas
marina, Nymphaea alba, Orchis palustris, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Trapa natans.

153
Biodiversity
B. Analysis of threats and current conservation status of target Natura
2000 habitat types and species
The Conservation Status of the target Natura habitat types and species
Based on the site results for the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species on observed conservation
status, an overall analysis for all sites of current conservation status of the target Natura 2000 habitat
types and species are presented in the two tables beneath (Deliverable B5).
Table 50.1. Overview of current conservation status of the target Natura 2000 habitat types
Conservation status Conservation status No of sites with
Habitat type (No. Of sites) (%) habitat type present
Code A B C Unknown A B C Unknown No % of total
1530 - - 1 - - - 100,0 - 1 2,0
3130 - 8 8 - - 50,0 50,0 - 16 32,7
3140 - 4 2 - - 66,7 33,3 - 6 12,2
3150 2 22 3 1 7,1 78,6 10,7 3,6 28 57,1
3260 - 3 3 - - 50,0 50,0 - 6 12,2
3270 1 13 5 - 5,3 68,4 26,3 - 19 38,8
6430 1 4 2 - 14,3 57,1 28,6 - 7 14,3
6440 1 13 2 1 5,9 76,5 11,8 5,9 17 34,7
6450 - 7 4 - - 63,6 36,4 - 11 22,4
6510 1 15 4 - 5,0 75,0 20,0 - 20 40,8
7140 1 3 - - 25,0 75,0 - - 4 8,2
7230 3 11 - - 21,4 78,6 - - 14 28,6
9160 2 11 1 - 14,3 78,6 7,1 - 14 28,6
91E0 3 25 7 - 8,6 71,4 20,0 - 35 71,4
91F0 4 13 3 - 20,0 65,0 15,0 - 20 40,8
91G0 - 6 3 - - 66,7 33,3 - 9 18,4
91L0 - 3 3 - - 50,0 50,0 - 6 12,2
Reedbeds 3 2 - - 60,0 40,0 - - 5 10,2
The lakes and rivers

In the 16 sites, which hold the habitat type 3130, none of the Oligotrophic to mesotropic standing
waters with vegetation of Littorelletea uniflora / Isoto-Nanojuncete were in favourable conservation
status, 50% in good conservation status and 50% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the six sites, which hold the habitat type 3140, none of the Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with
benthis vegetation of Chara sp. were in favourable conservation status, 66,7% in relative good
conservation status and 33,3% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 28 sites, which hold the habitat type, 7,1% of the Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamnion-
or Hydrocharition type vegetation were in favourable conservation status, 78,6% in relative good
The three lake habitat types were identified in 50 cases in the 49 sites. In only 2 cases, the lake habitat
types were observed to be in favourable conservation status. In 34 cases, the lakes were in relative good
conservation status, but in 13 cases, the lakes were in unfavourable conservation status.
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Biodiversity
In the six sites, which hold the habitat type 3260, none of the Water courses of plain to montane levels
with Ranunculion fluitantis & Callitricho-Batrachian vegetation were in favourable conservation status,
50% in relatively good conservation status and 50% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 19 sites, which hold the habitat type 3270, 5,3% of the Muddy river banks with Chenopodion rubri
p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation were in favourable conservation status, 68,4% in relative good
The two river habitat types were identified in 25 cases in the 49 sites. In only 1 case, these river habitat
types were observed to be in favourable conservation status. In 16 cases, the rivers were in relative
good conservation status, but in 8 cases, the rivers were in unfavourable conservation status.
The alkaline fens

In the 14 sites, 21,4% of the the habitat type 7230 Alkaline fens were in favourable conservation status,
78,6% were in relative good conservation status and none were in unfavourable conservation status.
The meadows
In the seven sites, which hold the habitat type 6430, 14,3% of the Hydrophilous tall-herb fringe
communities of plains and of montane to alpine levels were in favourable conservation status, 57,1% in
relative good conservation status and 28,6% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 17 sites, which hold the habitat type 6440, 5,9% of the Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the
Cnidion dubii, were in favourable conservation status, 76,5% in relative good conservation status and
11,8% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 11 sites, which hold the habitat type 6450, none of the Northern boreal meadows of river valleys
were in favourable conservation status, 63,6% in relative good conservation status and 36,4% in
unfavourable conservation status.
In the 20 sites, which hold the habitat type 6510, 5% of the Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus
pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) were in favourable conservation status, 75% in relative good
conservation status and 20% in unfavourable conservation status.
The four meadow habitat types were identified in 55 cases in the 49 sites. In only 2 cases, the meadows
were observed to be in an favourable conservation status. In 39 cases, the meadows were observed to
be in relative good conservation status, but in 12 cases, the meadows were observed in unfavourable
conservation status.
The reedbeds
The reedbeds were observed in five sites of which the reedbeds were in excellent conservation status in
three sites and in relative good conservation status in two sites. None were found to be in unfavourable
The forests
In the 14 sites, which have the habitat type 9160, 14,3% of the Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or
oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli were in favourable conservation status, 78,6% in relative
good conservation status and 7,1% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 35 sites, which have the habitat type *91E0, 8,6% of the Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and
Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) were in favourable conservation status,
71,4% in relative good conservation status and 20% in unfavourable conservation status.
155
Biodiversity
In the 20 sites, which have the habitat type 91F0, 20% of the Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur,
Ulmus laevis and U. minor, Fraxinus excelsior or F. angustifolia, along great rivers (Ulmenion minoris)
were in favourable conservation status, 65% in relative good conservation status and 15% in
In the 9 sites, which have the habitat type *91G0, none of the Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea
and Carpinus betulus were in favourable conservation status, 66,7% in relative good conservation status
and 33,3% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 6 sites, which have the habitat type 91L0, none of the Ilirian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-
carpinion) were in favourable conservation status, 50% in relative good conservation status and 50% in
The five forest habitat types were identified in 84 cases in total in the 49 sites. In 7 cases, the forests are
observed to be in an favourable conservation status. In 58 cases, the forests were observed to be in
relative good conservation status, but in 17 cases, the forests were observed in unfavourable
Table 50.2. Overview of current conservation status of the target Natura 2000 species
Conservation status Conservation status No of sites
Species (No of sites) (%) with species present
A B C Unknown A B C Unknown No. % of total
Birds
Alcedo atthis 2 22 5 3 6,3 68,8 15,6 9,4 32 65,3
Aquila pomarina - 8 2 - - 80,0 20,0 - 10 20,4
Ardea cinerea - 21 3 1 - 84,0 12,0 4,0 25 51,0
Ardea purpurea - 1 - - - 100,0 - - 1 2,0
Ardeola ralloides - 12 1 1 - 85,7 7,1 7,1 14 28,6
Aythya nyroca - 8 1 2 - 72,7 9,1 18,2 11 22,4
Botaurus stellaris - - 1 1 - - 50,0 50,0 2 4,1
Chlidonias hybridus - 5 - 1 - 83,3 - 16,7 6 12,2
Ciconia ciconia 1 8 1 3 7,7 61,5 7,7 23,1 13 26,5
Ciconia nigra 3 16 5 - 12,5 66,7 20,8 - 24 49,0
Crex crex - 8 - - - 100,0 - - 8 16,3
Dendrocopus medius 2 16 3 - 9,5 76,2 14,3 - 21 42,9
Egretta alba - 12 1 1 - 85,7 7,1 7,1 14 28,6
Egretta garzetta - 1 - - - 100,0 - - 1 2,0
Ficedula albicollis 2 9 2 2 13,3 60,0 13,3 13,3 15 30,6
Halliaetus albicilla 4 15 1 4 16,7 62,5 4,2 16,7 24 49,0
Ixobrichus minutus 2 - - - 100,0 - - - 2 4,1
Lanius collurio - 10 2 2 - 71,4 14,3 14,3 14 28,6
Lanius minor - 6 - 2 - 75,0 - 25,0 8 16,3
Nycticorax nycticorax 1 13 2 2 5,6 72,2 11,1 11,1 18 36,7
Phalacrocorax pygmeus - 3 - 2 - 60,0 - 40,0 5 10,2
Platalea leucorodia - 7 - - - 100,0 - - 7 14,3
Saxicola rubetra - 16 3 4 - 69,6 13,0 17,4 23 46,9
Sterna albifrons - 2 2 - - 50,0 50,0 - 4 8,2
Sterna hirundo - 10 2 2 - 71,4 14,3 14,3 14 28,6
Plants
Aldrovanda vesiculosa - - 1 - - - 100,0 - 1 2,0
Nymphea alba - 2 - - - 100,0 - - 2 4,1
Marsilea quadrifolia 1 8 1 - 10,0 80,0 10,0 - 10 20,4
Amphibians
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Biodiversity
Bombina bombina 4 7 2 - 30,8 53,8 15,4 - 13 26,5
Bombina variegata 2 4 - 1 28,6 57,1 - 14,3 7 14,3
Triturus dobrogicus 3 3 2 - 37,5 37,5 25,0 - 8 16,3
Reptiles
Emys orbicularis 6 12 2 - 30,0 60,0 10,0 - 20 40,8
Fish
Eudontomyzon spp. - 1 2 - - 33,3 66,7 - 3 6,1
Hucho hucho - - 2 1 - - 66,7 33,3 3 6,1
Leuciscus souffia - 1 1 - - 50,0 50,0 - 2 4,1
Umbra krameri - 2 1 - - 66,7 33,3 - 3 6,1
Mammals
Castor fiber 3 11 - - 21,4 78,6 - - 14 28,6
Barbastella barbastellus - 1 - 2 - 33,3 - 66,7 3 6,1
Lutra lutra - 12 4 3 - 63,2 21,1 15,8 19 38,8
Miniopterus schreibersi - - - 4 - - - 100,0 4 8,2
Myotis spp. - 1 - 4 - 20,0 - 80,0 5 10,2
Rhinolophus spp. - - - 4 - - - 100,0 4 8,2
Selected target species depending on water habitats

In the 32 sites, which have the bird species Alcedo atthis, 6,3% were in favourable conservation status,
68,8% in relative good conservation status and 15,6% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the four sites, which have the bird species Sterna hirundo, none were in favourable conservation
status, 50% in relative good conservation status and 50% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 14 sites, which have the bird species Sterna albifrons, none were in favourable conservation
status, 71,4% in relative good conservation status and 14,3% in unfavourable conservation status.
In the ten sites, which have the plant species Marsilea quadrifolia, 10% were in favourable conservation
In the three sites, which have the fish species Hucho hucho, none were in favourable conservation
status, none in relative good conservation status and 66,7% in unfavourable conservation status. 33,3%
the conditions were unknown.
In the three sites, which have the fish species Umbra krameri, none were in favourable conservation
In the 14 sites, which have the mammal species Castor fiber, 21,4% were in favourable conservation
status, 78,6% in relative good conservation status and none in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 19 sites, which have the mammal species Lutra lutra, none were in favourable conservation
These eight water dependant species were observed in 99 cases in total in the 49 sites. In only 6 cases
the species were observed in favourable conservation status. In 67 cases, the species were observed to
be in relative good conservation status, but still in 17 cases, the species were observed in unfavourable
conservation status. In one case, the conservation status was not defined.
Selected target species depending on grasslands and meadows

In the 23 sites, which have the bird species Saxicola rubetra, none were in favourable conservation
status, 69,6% in relative good conservation status and 13% in unfavourable conservation status. For
17,4%, the conservation status was not defined.
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Biodiversity
In the eight sites, which have the bird species Crex crex, none were in favourable conservation status,
100% in relative good conservation status and none in unfavourable conservation status.
In the 14 sites, which have the bird species Lanius collurio, none were in favourable conservation status,
In the eight sites, which have the bird species Lanius minor, none were in favourable conservation
status, 75% in relative good conservation status and none in unfavourable conservation status. For 25%,
the conservation status was not defined.
These four species depending on open habitat types were identified in 53 cases in total in the 49 sites. In
none of the cases were the species observed in favourable conservation status. In 40 cases, the species
were observed to be in relative good conservation status, but still in five cases, the species were
observed in unfavourable conservation status. In eight case, the conservation status was not defined.
Selected target species depending on forests

In the 10 sites, which have the bird species Aquila pomarina, none were in favourable conservation
In the 13 sites, which have the bird species Ciconia ciconia, 7,7% were in favourable conservation status,
61,5% in relative good conservation status and 7,7% in unfavourable conservation status. For 23,1%, the
conservation status was not defined.
In the 24 sites, which have the bird species Ciconia nigra, 12,5% were in favourable conservation status,
In the 24 sites, which have the bird species Haliaeetus albicilla, 16,7% were in favourable conservation
status, 62,5% in relative good conservation status and 4,2% in unfavourable conservation status. For
In the 21 sites, which have the bird species Dendrocopos medius, 9,5% were in favourable conservation
In the 15 sites, which have the bird species Ficedula albicollis, 13,3% were in favourable conservation
status, 60% in relative good conservation status and 13,3% in unfavourable conservation status. For
These six species depending on forest habitat types were identified in 107 cases in total in the 49 sites.
In only 12 cases the species were observed in favourable conservation status. In 72 cases, the species
were observed to be in relative good conservation status, but in 14 cases, the species were observed in
unfavourable conservation status. In nine case, the conservation status was not defined.
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Biodiversity
The Analysis of Threats and Impacts for Natura 2000 habitat types and species
Based on the observed threats and impacts for the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species on site
level, an overall analysis for all sites of the main threats and impact are presented in the table beneath
(Deliverable B5).
Table 50.3. Analysis of threats and impacts on the Natura 2000 habitat types and species on site level.
Relevant for Relevance
Threats and Impacts
sites Pct., %
Inappropriate water management

Drainage and/or drying out of wetlands 27 55,1
Regulation and management of water levels 23 46,9
Canalization 14 28,6
Modification of hydrographic functioning or of structures of inland water bodies 12 24,5
Dykes and/or bank embankments 10 20,4
Infilling of ditches, dykes, ponds, pools, marches or pits 3 6,1
No. of sites impacted of one or more of the above 37 75,5
Other water related impacts
Eutrophication and water/soil pollution 26 53,1
Inappropriate management of aquatic and bank vegetation 12 24,5
Sand and gravel extraction, removal of sediments 9 18,4
Inappropriate Forest management
Intensive forestry, incl. use of non-native species and removal of dead/dying wood 23 46,9
Deforestation 10 20,4
Inappropriate agriculture on grasslands and meadows
Inappropriate agriculture, modification of agricultural practices and cultivation 20 40,8
Use of pesticides and/or fertilizers 15 30,6
Abandonment of pastoral system 12 24,5
Wrong mowing or cutting of reed beds and wetlands 4 8,2
Invasive species
Invasion of non-native species 21 42,9
Other human induced impacts
Urbanization, networks, roads, disposal of waste and other human habitation 23 46,9
Excessive hunting and/or taking of fauna in the wild 16 32,7
Inappropriate tourism, sports and leisure structures and/or activities 8 16,3
Over-exploitation by fish aquaculture or fishing 7 14,3
Abandonment of fish farming 3 6,1
Mines 2 4,1
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Biodiversity
C. Evaluation of the network of sites along the Sava River
As an evaluation of the network of sites and their ability to secure connectivity and coherency for the
target habitat types and species along the Sava, the habitat types and species are evaluated in groups
for water, open land and forests beneath (Deliverable B6).
The water habitat types and species

The three lake habitat types were identified in 50 cases in the 49 sites. In only 2 cases, the lake habitat
types were observed to be in favourable conservation status. In 34 cases, the lakes were in relative good
conservation status, but in 13 cases, the lakes were in unfavourable conservation status.
The two river habitat types were identified in 25 cases in the 49 sites. In only 1 case, these river habitat
types were observed to be in favourable conservation status. In 16 cases, the rivers were in relative
good conservation status, but in 8 cases, the rivers were in unfavourable conservation status.
The alkaline fens were identified in 14 cases in total in the 49 sites, In 3 cases, the habitat type were in
favourable conservation status. In 11 cases, the fens were in relative good conservation status and none
were in unfavourable conservation status.
The eight selected species depending on water habitats were observed in 99 cases in total in the 49
sites. In only 6 cases the species were observed in favourable conservation status. In 67 cases, the
species were observed to be in relative good conservation status, but still in 17 cases, the species were
observed in unfavourable conservation status. In one case, the conservation status was not defined.
The connectivity and coherency for the water related habitat types and species along the Sava River are
determined and secured by the Sava River itself, if the river basin management is integrated with nature
protection.
The main human induced activities identified for the water dependant habitat types and species, which
imposes a threat against securing favourable conservation status for these habitat types and species are
all related to the management and regulation of the water bodies and for the Sava River in particular,
such as drainage, regulation, canalisation, dykes, modification of structures of inland water bodies and
modifications of hydrographic functioning, as well as eutrophication, water pollution, and sand and
gravel extraction.
In order to stop further deterioration of the sites and to secure the favourable conservation status for
the habitat types and species, the call for actions presented beneath in section D must be adressed.
The meadow habitat types and species

The four meadow habitat types were identified in 55 cases in the 49 sites. In only 2 cases, the meadows
were observed to be in an favourable conservation status. In 39 cases, the meadows were observed to
be in relative good conservation status, but in 12 cases, the meadows were observed in unfavourable
The four selected species depending on open habitat types were identified in 53 cases in total in the 49
sites. In none of the cases were the species observed in favourable conservation status. In 40 cases, the
species were observed to be in relative good conservation status, but still in five cases, the species were
observed in unfavourable conservation status. In eight case, the conservation status was not defined.
The connectivity and coherency for the meadow related habitat types and species along the Sava River
are determined and can be improved by the future management of the open habitat types.
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Biodiversity
The main human induced activities identified for the open habitat types and their species, which
all related to the agricultural practise carried out on the grasslands and pastures, such as changes in
traditional agricultural practices, abandonment of pastoral system, use of fertilisers and pesticides and
inappropriate mowing or grazing for the specific habitat types.
the habitat types and species, the call for actions presented beneath in section D must be addressed.
The forest habitat types and species

The five forest habitat types were identified in 84 cases in total in the 49 sites. In 7 cases, the forests are
observed to be in an favourable conservation status. In 58 cases, the forests were observed to be in
relative good conservation status, but in 17 cases, the forests were observed in unfavourable
The six selected species depending on forest habitat types were identified in 107 cases in total in the 49
sites. In only 12 cases the species were observed in favourable conservation status. In 72 cases, the
species were observed to be in relative good conservation status, but in 14 cases, the species were
observed in unfavourable conservation status. In nine case, the conservation status was not defined.
The connectivity and coherency for the forest related habitat types and species along the Sava River are
determined and can be improved by the future management of the forests, if the forestry is harmonised
with nature protection needs such as through applying close-to-nature forestry.
The main human induced activities identified for the forest habitat types and their species, which
highly related to the forest management carried out on the forested areas, such as intensive forestry,
use of non-native tree species, deforestation and removal of dead and dying wood.
the habitat types and species, the call for actions presented beneath in section D must be addressed.
Areas capable of storing floodwaves

For the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species identified in the 49 sites under this project, most of
these habitat types and species are in fact directly or indirectly dependant on periodic floodings and
natural water regime with fluctuating water levels over the year.
Areas in need of restoration

In order to improve the conditions for the network of sites along the Sava River, a few sites were
identified as being in need of restoration. The sites were identified as part of the performed fieldwork
and based on the level of treaths and impacts onto the target Natura 2000 habitat types and species on
site level. These sites are:
1. Odak-Vojskova in Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Raa in Bosnia and Herzegovina (borders with Ue Drine and Moroviko-bosutske ume)
3. Ue Drine in Serbia (borders with Raa)
4. MorovikoBosutske ume in Serbia (borders with Raca and Spacvanski bazen)
5. Spacvanski bazen in Croatia (this site is not in specific need of restoration but it borders with
Raca and Morovicko-Bosutske sume and restoration between these sites should be coordinated)
6. utica in Croatia.
161
Biodiversity
Proposals for site restoration plans to restore degraded target habitat types and improve conditions for
target species have been elaborated for these sites as part of this project (Deliverable B10). The
restoration plans are presented in separate technical report.
162
Biodiversity
D. Recommendations for Actions to secure the network of sites
Current situation
The 16 Bosnian-Herzegovinian sites, which are included in our proposed network of sites along the Sava
River, are currently not protected under any national protection scheme. Only one site is a Ramsar site.
For the most biologically important sites, proposals for protection are under development. No official
Bosnian-Herzegovinian ecological network is being established. Projects such as the Sava project
contributes to preparing documentation for future initiatives, both in relation to achieving protection
under national legislation, to preparing for European Natura 2000 and to prepare for establishing
ecological networks. For Bosnia-Herzegovina, the municipalities and local physical planning units are
currently important stakeholders.
The 16 Croatian sites, which are included in our proposed network of sites along the Sava River, are all
included in the Croatian ecological network, CRONEN. The sites will furthermore be proposed as
European Natura 2000 sites. Croatia is currently harmonizing national legislation with EU legislation on
nature protection. Thus, the Croatian sites are all planned for falling under Croatians obligations to
implement Natura 2000. For Croatia, the site managers and national authorities responsible for the
Croatian ecological network and for Natura 2000 implementation are important stakeholders.
The 9 Serbian sites, included in our proposed network of sites along the Sava River, are partly and partly
not under national protection. For the sites without any protection status, proposals for protection are
under development. No official Serbian Ecological Network is being established, but projects such as the
Sava project contribute to formulating future initiatives on establishing ecological networks and
preparing for the Natura 2000. Serbia is currently preparing for harmonizing national legislation with EU
legislation on nature protection. For Serbia, the site managers are important stakeholders.
The 8 Slovenian sites, included in our proposed network of sites along the Sava River, are all included in
the Slovenian Ecological Network and selected for designation as Natura 2000 sites.
Recommendations for actions to secure Natura 2000 habitat types and species
Based on the analised threats, the current conservation status of the target Natura 2000 habitat types
and species and the site specific recommendations given per site, generic recommendations for the
network of sites have been elaborated to secure FCS for Natura 2000 habitat types and species
(Deliverable B7). These recommendations are presented beneath.
Tabel 50.4. Recommendation for actions to secure FCS of target Natura 2000 habitat types and species
Recommendations for actions Relevant for No of sites Relevance of total
Site protection and management 49 sites 100%

Secure favourable conservation status of Natura 2000 habitat types and species through
establishing/continuing protection of the sites under relevant national legislations
Establish legal protection status for sites currently not under protection and for sites in need of stronger
protection
Develop site management plan with action plan for the Natura 2000 habitat types and species relevant for
the sites and with emphasis on conserving wetlands
Implement restoration measures for remaining wetland habitat types, where relevant
Implement specific measures for protection of the rare and endangered species, where relevant
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Biodiversity
Recommendations for actions Relevant for No of sites Relevance of total
Prepare zoning scheme defining zones important for target habitat types and species and buffer zones.
Integrate site management plans into physical planning documents
Establish site management bodies of relevant local and central organisations responsible for ensuring
implementation of management plan
Capacity build established management bodies for protected areas to ensure implementation of
management plans
Integrated water management with nature protection 35 sites 71,4%
Secure incorporation of nature protection objectives and measures into the Integrated River Basin
Management plan for the Sava River
Stop drainage of wetlands and secure natural water levels and water dynamics, including periodic flooding
Avoid modifications in hydrographic functioning
Secure natural flow of water bodies and avoid canalization
Carry out monitoring of water quality
Prohibit and/or control removal of sediment, sand and gravel extraction
Restore and regulate sewage system for waste water.
Sustainable forest management 32 sites 65,3%
Implement close-to-nature forestry and harmonise forest management with nature protection needs
Require reforestation with only native species
Control forestry through FSC certification of forest managements
Management of grasslands and meadows 30 sites 61,2%
Promote and educate local people on agricultural practice harmonised with nature protection with focus on
wetland meadow and grassland habitat types and species
Control, reduce and/or prohibit pesticides and/or fertilizer in sites under protection
Secure incentives, financial support and measures for traditional livestock farming and pastoral system
Manage and maintain open habitats by mowing and/or grassing in line with requirements of the relevant
grassland and meadow habitat types
Control of invasive species 16 sites 32,7%
Control and remove actively invasive species
Actions to reduce impact of other human induced impacts 31 sites 63,3%
Find ways to balance urbanization and infrastructure development within sites in cooperation with
authorities responsible for physical planning
Improve waste management system and address responsible bodies to remove waste from sites
Regulate hunting and/or taking of fauna in the wild
Develop programme for sustainable tourism and create educational/tourist trails
Stimulate traditional fish farming in sites with fish ponds and implement principles for sustainable fish
production
Remove mines
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Biodiversity
Recommendations for managing the network of sites and maintaining the

transborder cooperation
A coordinating Sava biodiversity Platform/Initiative/Network should be established with participation of
NGOs, site managers, managers of protected areas, institutes for nature conservation, forest
management organizations, water management organisations and other relevant organisations. This
initiative should coordinate and exchange information on ongoing initiatives related to the network of
sites along the Sava River.
The managers of protected areas should come together on an annual base to exchange information and
agree on joint actions and strategies to secure a coherent approach to the protection and management
of the Sava River and the protected areas along the river, to develop joint projects and strategies and to
react on plans and projects that might be in conflict with the protected areas.
This Sava biodiversity Initiative could be initiated by one of the protected areas (eg. Lonsjko Polje) and
should also include the Institutes for Nature Conservation, NGOs, and other stakeholders to participate.
A clear link with the Sava Basin Commission should be secured in order to secure the needs to take
biologically important areas into consideration in the integrated river basin management plan and other
issues related to meeting the obligations of the EU Water Framework Directive and EU Habitats and
Birds Directives. The Sava Basin Commission could play a role in the initiative but given the interest of
the Commission in issues related to biodiversity protection this might not be the most obvious choice. It
is important to strive towards an organisational structure that addresses the challenges of Integrated
Land and Water Management in conformity with modern approaches to river basin management.
The Stakeholder Council for the Middle Posovina established in Lonjsko Polje could be a base to build
upon to strengthen wider cooperation between stakeholders along the Sava River.
Another option is that the Institutes for Nature Conservation from Serbia, Slovenia and Croatia plus
CEPRES and the relevant institute in Republica Srepska sign a Letter of Intent in which they agree to
exchange data and support the coherent management and protection of the network of protected areas
along the river. Based on this LoI, the Institutes can also share experiences and know how in various
aspects of nature protection, monitoring and management like the implementation of the Birds and
Habitats Directives and the elaboration of the Integrated River Basin Management Plan for the Sava in
line with the EU Water Framework Directive.
An important element of the LoI would also be the continued management of the data base and to
make sure the information will be up to date The LoI between the Institutes could include calling
together the managers of the protected areas and other stakeholders on an annual base.
An important task to be addressed in the cooperation along the Sava is to draw up and implement an
action plan to control the expansion of invasive alien species as a dominant and urgent issue along the
Sava River. Transborder cooperation along the Sava in the efforts to control the encroachment of
invasive species is a prerequisite.
Two concrete possibilities for increased cooperation at site level are the possible designation of two
cross border protected areas. These are:
Raa (BiH) and Ue Drine (RS) (both sites are not yet protected and in need of restoration)
MorovikoBosutske ume (RS) and Spavanski bazen (HR).
Proposals for site restoration plans to restore degraded target habitat types and improve conditions for
target species have been elaborated for these sites as part of this project (Deliverable B10).
Another aspect on which cooperation could be improved is the breeding and re-introduction of critically
endangered rare and endangered autochthonous cattle breeds like the Turopolje pig and the Slavonian
Podolian cattle. Originally these breeds occurred along the Sava in Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovian and
165
Biodiversity
Serbia. Croatia has a well developed policy to support the introduction of these species while also in
Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina farmers can get government support when using these species.
Setting up a joint program and establishing a common gene base or exchanging sperm and/or eggs
would significantly contribute to the re-introduction and protection of these important elements of
agro-biodiversity.
BiH does not have a comprehensive system of protected areas. Only Bardaa is protected under the
Ramsar Convention. There are plans to designate new protected areas.
To secure the protection of the sites it is important to improve the application of the Appropriate
Assessment as required by article 6 of the Habitats Directive. As long as the HD is not a legally binding
instrument the principles of article 6 should be applied as much as possible.
The Sava River itself is identified as a potential Natura 2000 site in Croatia. Being the connecting
backbone of the network of sites, the Sava River is highly valuable for securing the connectivity between
the sites. It therefore important to formulate IRBM measures that help to secure and maintain this
connecting role.
To ensure effective integrated river basin management planning it is necessary to sustain the results of
the Life III project Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains, and proposed the
following concrete actions:
to establish a Stakeholder Council for the Sava River, by extending the existing Stakeholder
Council for the Middle Posavina region;
to establish a network of protected areas; the managers of protected areas to regularly meet
and exchange information on the protection and management of PAs;
to strengthen the cooperation of he Institutes for Nature Conservation from Croatia, Serbia,
Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (CEPRES, Institute for the Protection of Cultural, Historical
and Natural Heritage of the Republic of Srpska) by signing an agreement on:
o the maintenance of the Sava River database, currently hosted by the State Institute for
Nature Conservation (Croatia);
o the designation of additional protected areas to support the establishment of an
ecological network along the Sava River, particularly taking transboundary context into
account;
o the exchange of scientific data and the results of habitats and species monitoring along
the Sava River;
o the joint support to the elaboration of the Integrated River Basin Management Plan for
the Sava River Basin;
o the promotion of the protection and re-introduction of traditional autochthonous cattle
breeds wherever applicable;
o the elaboration of an Action Plan to halt the dispersal of invasive species.
to elaborate a joint plan for sustainable tourism development along the Sava River, in close
cooperation with the government bodies responsible for tourism, and to include the plan into
the work of the protected areas network, as well as market the Sava River and its protected
areas as a destination for nature friendly tourism.
166

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Biodiversity

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin Floodplains

The Institute of the

Protection of Biodiversity of the Sava River Basin

Sites Important for Biodiversity along the Sava River

A. Sites important for biodiversity along the Sava River .................................................................................................................. 5

The Concept of Ecological Networks

Network of Sites important for Biodiversity along the Sava River

Identifying Sites with Species and Habitat Types of European Significance

The identified target Natura 2000 habitat types and species

Table A.2. The focal habitat types mapped in the sites.

1530 *Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes

Birds Alcedo atthis (water) BD Annex I

Ciconia ciconia (forest), Ciconia nigra BD Annex I

The identified sites important for biodiversity

Table 1.1: Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Table 1.2: Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 2.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Fig. 2.1. Distribution map of habitat types in site.

Table 2.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 3.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Table 3.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 4.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Table 4.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 5.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Table 5.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 6.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Table 6.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 7.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Table 7.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 8.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Table 8.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 9.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Fig. 9.1. Distribution map of habitat types in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 10.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Table 10.2. Natura 2000 focal speciesin site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 11.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Table 11.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 12.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Fig. 12.1. Distribution map of habitat types in site.

Table 12.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 13.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Fig. 13.1. Distribution map of habitat types in site.

Table 13.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 14.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Fig. 14.1. Distribution map of habitat types in site.

Recommendations for future management and protection

Table 15.1. Natura 2000 focal habitat types in site.

Fig. 15.1. Distribution map of habitat types in site.

Table 15.2. Natura 2000 focal species in site.