19/04/2015 C++InterviewQuestionsandAnswersforFreshers,ExperiencedPage2

C++InterviewQuestionsandAnswersfor
Freshers,ExperiencedPage2
174Votes LastUpdated:22November2014Hits:88386

7.InhowmanywayswecaninitializeanintvariableinC++?

Inc++,variablescanbeinitializedintwoways,thetraditionalC++initializationusing
"="operatorandsecondusingtheconstructornotation.

TraditionalC++initilization

1. inti=10

variableiwillgetinitializedto10.

UsingC++constructornotation

1. inti(10)

8.Whatisimplicitconversion/coercioninc++?

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Implicitconversionsareperformedwhenatype(sayT)isusedinacontextwherea
compatibletype(SayF)isexpectedsothatthetypeTwillbepromotedtotypeF.

shorta=2000+20

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Intheaboveexample,variableawillgetautomaticallypromotedfromshorttoint.This
iscalledimplicitconversion/coercioninc++.

9.WhatareC++inlinefunctions?

C++inlinefunctionsarespecialfunctions,forwhichthecompilerreplacesthefunction
callwithbody/definitionoffunction.Inlinefunctionsmakestheprogramexecutefaster
than the normal functions, since the overhead involved in saving current state to
stack on the function call is avoided. By giving developer the control of making a
function as inline, he can further optimize the code based on application logic. But
actually, it's the compiler that decides whether to make a function inline or not
regardless of it's declaration. Compiler may choose to make a non inline function
inline and vice versa. Declaring a function as inline is in effect a request to the
compilertomakeitinline,whichcompilermayignore.So,pleasenotethispointfor
theinterviewthat,itisuptothecompilertomakeafunctioninlineornot.

1. inlineintmin(inta,intb)
2. {
3. return(a<b)?a:b
4. }
5.
6. intmain()
7. {
8. cout<<"min(20,10):"<<min(20,10)<<endl
9. cout<<"min(0,200):"<<min(0,200)<<endl
10. cout<<"min(100,1010):"<<min(100,1010)<<endl
11. return0

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12. }

Ifthecomplierdecidestomakethefunctionminasinline,thentheabovecodewill
internallylookasifitwaswrittenlike

1. intmain()
2. {
3. cout<<"min(20,10):"<<((20<10)?20:10)<<endl
4. cout<<"min(0,200):"<<((0<200)?0:200)<<endl
5. cout<<"min(100,1010):"<<((100<1010)?100:1010)<<endl
6. return0
7. }

10.Whatdoyoumeanbytranslationunitinc++?

WeorganizeourC++programsintodifferentsourcefiles(.cpp,.cxxetc).Whenyou
considerasourcefile,atthepreprocessingstage,someextracontentmaygetadded
to the source code ( for example, the contents of header files included) and some
contentmaygetremoved(forexample,thepartofthecodeinthe#ifdefof#ifndef
blockwhichresolvetofalse/0basedonthesymbolsdefined).Thiseffectivecontentis
calledatranslationunit.Inotherwords,atranslationunitconsistsof

Contentsofsourcefile
Pluscontentsoffilesincludeddirectlyorindirectly
Minussourcecodelinesignoredbyanyconditionalpreprocessingdirectives(
thelinesignoredby#ifdef,#ifndefetc)

11.Whatdoyoumeanbyinternallinkingandexternallinkinginc++?

[Thisinterviewquestionisrelatedtoquestionson"translationunit"and"storageclasses"]

Asymbolissaidtobelinkedinternallywhenitcanbeaccessedonlyfromwithinthe
scopeofasingletranslationunit.Byexternallinkingasymbolcanbeaccessedfrom
other translation units as well. This linkage can be controlled by using static and
externkeywords.

12.Whatdoyoumeanbystorageclasses?

Storage class are used to specify the visibility/scope and life time of
symbols(functions and variables). That means, storage classes specify where all a
variable or function can be accessed and till what time those variables will be

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availableduringtheexecutionofprogram.

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