For Question 1 to 5 choose the appropriate answer

The steam at 90 bar and 500 C

1. Using steam table, find the density of the steam (kg/m3)

a) 23.15
b) 25.2
c) 26.04
d) 27.20

2. Density (kg/m3) of the steam using perfect gas equation

a) 23.15
b) 25.2
c) 26.04
d) 27.20

3. Determine the density (kg/m3) using van der Waals equation : )(

The critical constants for steam (H2O)

Molecular weight, M =18
Temperature, T = 647.3 K
Pressure = 22.09 MPa
Constant, a = 550130 Nm4/(kg-mol)2
b = 0.03 m3/kg-mol

a) 23.15
b) 25.2
c) 26.04
d) 27.20

4. Question 1, 2 and 3 determine which of the above two method shows least deviation

a) Steam table & Perfect gas equation

b) Perfect gas equation & van der Waals equation
c) Steam table & Mollier chart
d) Steam table & Van der Waalss equation

5. Which of the following chart can be used to find the specific volume from the given data
a) Mollier chart
b) T-S chart

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 c) P-V chart
d) Compressibility chart

Solution
Using the steam table,

= 0.3677 m3/kg

1. Density, = 1/ = 1/0.3677 = 27.19 kg/m3

2. p = RT

or = p/RT = 9010^5/ {(8314.4/18)773} = 25.2 kg/m3

3. )(
Substituting, P =90105, T= 773 K (500+273), R= 8314, a = 5.5113105, b= 0.03
And solving cubic equation, we get
= 0.691
= /M = 0.691/18 = 0.3839 m3/kg

= 1/ = 26.04
4. The difference in the value Question 1 and Question 2 = 1.99
The difference in the value Question 2 and Question 3 = 0.84
The difference in the value Question 1 and Question 3 = 1.14

5. The compressibility chart has to be used to find out the values

For Question 1 to 5 choose the appropriate answer

1. The enthalpy value of the substance is 693.21 kJ/kg at 300 bar. The state of the substance is

a) Superheated vapor

b) Saturated vapor

c) Saturated liquid

d) Subcooled liquid

(Data book: Cengel)

2. Using the data of Question 1, determine the temperature of the substance

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a) 333 K

b) 433 K

c) 503 K

d) 523 K

3. From the state of the substance of previous questions (Question 1 and Question 2). The temperature
is further reduced by 100 K. The change in the internal energy of the substance

a) 414.6 kJ/kg

b) 323.3 kJ/kg

c) 232.4 kJ/kg

d) 113.7 kJ/kg

4. The error involved in the enthalpy of the state of Question 3 and the saturated state

a) 7.2%

b) 8.8%

c) 9.9%

d) 11.1%

5. For which of the following the properties are not much different from the saturated state

a) Superheated

b) Solid state

c) Compressed liquid

d) Ideal gas state

SOLUTION

1. From the compressed liquid water table (Cengel)

2. From the compressed liquid water 160 C = 433 K

3. uat 160 C = 660.74

uat 60 C = 246.14

Change in internal energy = 414.6 kJ/kg

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4.

hat 160 C= 693.21

hat 60 C= 276.26

Error (%) = (hat 160 C - hat 60 C)100/hat 60 C = 9.9%

5. The change in the properties is much small for compressed liquid compared to state

3. Which of the following can be used as a measure of deviation from ideal gas behavior

a) Van der Waal factor

b) Benedict-Webb-Rubin constants

c) Beattie-Bridgeman constants

d) Compressibility factor

4. For van der Waals equation of state of carbon dioxide the critical pressure is 7.39 bar, the critical
temperature is 304.2 K and critical volume is 0.0943 m3/kmol. Calculate the values of a (bar(m3/kmol)2)
and b(m3/kmol).

a) 1.368, 0.036

b) 3.64, 0.042

c) 1.47, 0.039

d) 2.63, 0.056

5. The constants a and b calculated for Redlich-Kwong in corresponds to the data from the previous
question 4 is can be used in which of the following equation of state

a) 64.43, 0.0293

b) 17.22,0.027

c) 32.11, 0.0296

d) 15.53,0.026

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 Solution
1. From the lecture 12

2. From the nitrogen error determination chart

3. From lecture 12

4. Ru = 8.314 kJ/mol K, Tc = 304.2 K,Pc = 7.39 bar

a= (27*Ru2*Tc2)/(64*Pc) = 3.64

b= (Ru*Tc)/(8*Pc) = 0.042

5. The value of a and b can be determined using

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 a= (0.427*Ru2*Tc2.5)/(Pc) = 64.43

b= (0.0867*Ru*Tc)/(Pc) = 0.029

3.8 A domestic refrigerator uses refrigerant R22 that evaporates at -20 C in the evaporator
tubes around the freezer compartment. It condenses at 40 C in the condenser placed on
the rear side of the refrigerator. If the saturated liquid enters into evaporator and leaves it
as saturated vapor, determine change in specific volume. What is the pressure that prevails
in the condenser and evaporator respectively?
Given: R22, TC 20 oC, TH 40 oC

To find: PC , PH , v fg

Solution: From the saturated R22 table, we can have

Liquid Vapor
Temperature Presssure Density Volume Enthalpy Entropy
(m3/kg) Vf
(oC) (MPa) (kg/m3) vg Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
-20 0.24529 1346.8 0.09262 0.0007 177 396.67 0.9133 1.7822
40 1.5341 1128.4 0.01507 0.0009 249.71 415.87 1.1667 1.6973

At, Pc=0.245 MPa, PH = 1.534 Mpa

vfg = 0.01507-0.0009 = 0.01417 (m3/kg)

At TC 20 oC , PC 150.9kPa, v f 0.000685 m3 / kg

At TH 40 oC, PH 960.7kPa, v f 0.000798 m3 / kg , vg 0.01737 m3 / kg

v fg vg v f
0.01737 0.000786 0.016584 m3 / kg

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 3 o
3.11 A rigid vessel of 0.1 m contains saturated ammonia at constant temperature of 25 C.
Initially the volume of the liquid in the vessel is equal to the volume of the vapor. Certain
amount of extra ammonia is pumped in to this vessel till it reaches 50 kg. What is the final
volume of liquid in the vessel assuming the temperature to be maintained at 25 oC ? How much
mass of ammonia enters in to vessel ?

Given:
v 0.1m3 , T1 25 oC, m 50 kg
To find: v f 2
Solution: From the saturated ammonia table at 25 oC
P1 1003.2 kPa, v f 0.001658 m3 / kg , vg 0.12813 m3 / kg
0.05
m f mass of saturated liquid = 30.15kg
0.001658
0.05
mg mass of saturated vapor 0.39kg
0.12813
m Total maid of ammonia m f mg 30.54kg
Extra amount of ammonia pumped mp 50 30.54 19.46kg
0.1
At the final condition, v 0.002 m3 / kg
50
v vf 0.002 0.001658
At 25 oC, X 2.7 103 0.27%
vg v f 0.12813 0.001658
Mass of saturated liquid m f (1 X ) m 0.9996 50 49.984kg
v f 2 final volume of liquid ammonia 49.984 0.001658 0.083 m3