Ex: Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 7 MPa, 600C, and 80 m/s and

leaves at 50 kPa, 150C, and 140 m/s. If the power output of the turbine is 6
MW, determine (a) the mass flow rate of the steam flowing through the
turbine (b) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine and(c) the increase in
entropy.

Sol:
P1=7 MPa, T1=600C, Ve1=80 m/s
P2=50 kPa, T2=150C, Ve2=140 m/s
W a 6 MW , m ?, T ?

(h2 - h1 ) + (Ve2 2 - Ve1 2 ) + g(z2 z1 )

1
Q W a m
2
For adiabatic turbine, and negligible the change in potential energy
(h2 - h1 ) + (Ve2 2 - Ve1 2 )
1
W a m
2
W
T a
W s

State 1:

P1=7 MPa=7000 kPa, T1=600C, Ve1=80 m/s

At Psat= P1=7000 kPa, Tsat=285.83 C
Since T1> Tsat, the steam is superheated
h1=3650.6 kJ/kg, s1=7.091 kJ/kg.K

State 2:
P2=50 kPa, T2=150C, Ve2=140 m/s
At Psat= P2=50 kPa=0.05 MPa, Tsat=81.32 C
Since T2> Tsat, the steam is superheated
h2=2780.2 kJ/kg, s2=7.9413 kJ/kg.K

State 2s:
P2=50 kPa, s2s=s1=7.091 kJ/kg.K
At Psat= P2=50 kPa=0.05 MPa, sg=7.5931 kJ/kg.K, sf=1.0912 kJ/kg.K
Since sf < s2s< sg, the steam is wet (liquid-vapor mixture)
s2s =sf +x2s (sfg)
7.091 = 1.0912 + x2s (6.5019), x2s =0.9227
h2s =hf+x2s (hfg)=340.54+0.9227(2304.7)=2467.08 kJ/kg
(h2 - h1 ) + (Ve2 2 - Ve1 2 )
1
W a m
2

(2780.2 - 3650.6) +
1
6 *1000 m (140 2 - 80 2 )
2000
m 6.946 kg/s

(h2s - h1 ) + (Ve 2 2 - Ve1 2 )

1
W s m
2

1 2
W s - m (h2s - h1 ) + (Ve 2 - Ve1 )
2

2
1
6.946 2467.08 3650.6 (1402 802 ) 8174.88 kW
2000

W 6000
T a 0.734
Ws 8174.88

s s2 s1 7.9413 7.091 0.8503 kJ / kg.K

Ex: Carbon dioxide enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa and 300 K at
a rate of 1.8 kg/s and exits at 600 kPa and 450 K. Neglecting the kinetic
energy changes, determine the isentropic efficiency of the compressor, the
power required and the change in entropy. Take k = 1.260 and Cp = 0.917
kJ/kg.K.

Sol:
P1=100 kPa, T1=300 K, m 1.8 kg / s
P2=600 kPa, T2=450 K
c ?, s s2 s1 ?

h2 s h1
c
h2 h1

T2 s T1
c
T2 T1

(h2 - h1 ) + (Ve2 2 - Ve1 2 ) + g(z2 z1 )

1
Q W a m
2

For adiabatic compressor and neglecting the change in potential and kinetic
energies, we get:

W a m (h1 - h2 )
T
s s2 s1 s2 s2 s C p ln 2
T2 s
k 1
T2 s P
( 2) k
T1 P1
1.26 1
T2 s 600 1.26
( ) , T2s=434.202 K
300 100
T T 434.202 300
c 2 s 1 0.895
T2 T1 450 300
W a m
(h1 - h2 ) m
C p (T1 - T2 ) 1.8 * 0.917(300 - 450) -247.59 kW

T 450
s s2 s1 s2 s2 s C p ln 2 0.917 ln 0.0327kJ / kg.K
T2 s 434.202