NURS 150, Unit 5:

Introduction to Cancer
STUDENT RESOURCES

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:

Introduction to Cancer
Articulate definition of Cancer
Etiology
o Common carcinogens and genetic susceptibility to cancer.
o Incidence and prevalence in Canada
o Common risk factors
Pathophysiology
o Discuss the various methods of classifying tumors and how prognosis is determined.
Clinical Manifestations
o Common signs and symptoms
Diagnostic tests
o Common diagnostic tests, tools, techniques, and findings (normal, abnormal)
o Nursing responsibilities pre- and post-diagnostic tests.
Treatments
o Radiation
o Chemotherapy
o Hormone treatment
o Alternative and complementary treatments
o Drug therapy
Nursing Process
o Nursing assessments and plans of care
o Nursing interventions and care
o Client education
Prevention
Living with cancer
Community resources
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Collaborative care
Psychosocial care
Nursing role

NEED TO READ & PREPARE

Lewis et al., chapter 18 on Cancer

1. Slides on Evolve under Unit 5,
i. Introduction to Cancer

CANCER WORKSHEET

CHAPTER OUTLINE CLASSROOM STRATEGIES COLLABORATIVE/ACTIVE

LEARNING
Discuss the trends in cancer incidence and
prevalence

BIOLOGY OF CANCER
Defect in Cellular Proliferation
Defect in Cellular Differentiate malignant neoplasms from benign
Differentiation *** neoplasms.

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CHAPTER OUTLINE CLASSROOM STRATEGIES COLLABORATIVE/ACTIVE
LEARNING

Development of Cancer List three phases of cancer .

Role of the Immune System Identify the role of the immune system in the
recognition and destruction of tumor cells.

CLASSIFICATION OF Present the classification systems of anatomic site,

CANCER histological analysis, and extent of disease.
Anatomic Site Classification

Histological Analysis Provide examples of benign and malignant tumors

Classification arising from the same tissue.
Extent of Disease
Classification

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CHAPTER OUTLINE CLASSROOM STRATEGIES COLLABORATIVE/ACTIVE
LEARNING

PREVENTION AND Discuss the nurses role in cancer prevention and

DETECTION OF screening for early detection of cancer through
CANCER*** public education.

Diagnosis of Cancer*** Discuss common tests used to diagnose cancer,

and explain the different types of biopsy.
1.

2.

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CHAPTER OUTLINE CLASSROOM STRATEGIES COLLABORATIVE/ACTIVE
LEARNING
3.

4.

COLLABORATIVE CARE Present the goals of cancer treatment and the four
Goals and Modalities modalities that are used, emphasizing that one
modality is not curative in all cases and that in
some cases, no modality is curative. Fig. 17-9 is
helpful to illustrate the many phases of treatment
of cancer.

SURGICAL THERAPY Present the goals of surgical treatment of cancer,

and provide examples of surgical procedures

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CHAPTER OUTLINE CLASSROOM STRATEGIES COLLABORATIVE/ACTIVE
LEARNING
Cure and Control used to cure, control, or provide palliation of
Supportive Surgical cancer.
Procedures

Palliation of Symptoms Explain that many cancer surgeries are radical,

Rehabilitative Management producing changes in body image and function.

RADIATION THERAPY
Effects of Radiation

Goals of Radiation Therapy

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CHAPTER OUTLINE CLASSROOM STRATEGIES COLLABORATIVE/ACTIVE
LEARNING

***NURSING Focus on the common problems that occur in

MANAGEMENT: clients receiving radiation therapy.
RADIATION THERAPY
Nursing Implementation

***NURSINGMANGEMEN Discuss the nursing responsibilities in monitoring .

T: CHEMOTHERAPY for toxic vs. tolerable side-effects of
chemotherapy, differentiating these effects from
effects of tumour progression.

Nursing Implementation Provide situations in which clients need teaching,

management of hair loss, and counselling
regarding sexual and reproductive function.

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CHAPTER OUTLINE CLASSROOM STRATEGIES COLLABORATIVE/ACTIVE
LEARNING

LATE EFFECTS OF Describe the possible late effects of radiation and

RADIATION AND chemotherapy that may occur in clients who
CHEMOTHERAPY have achieved long-term remission and survival
rates.

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CHAPTER OUTLINE CLASSROOM STRATEGIES COLLABORATIVE/ACTIVE
LEARNING

COMPLICATIONS Discuss the common nutritional problems that .

RESULTING FROM develop in cancer.
CANCER ***
Nutritional Problems

Infection

Oncological Emergencies

.
MANAGEMENT OF Review the principles of pain management in
CANCER PAIN*** clients with severe or chronic pain.

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CHAPTER OUTLINE CLASSROOM STRATEGIES COLLABORATIVE/ACTIVE
LEARNING

CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES

Case study

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

What you need to know for the Final Exam

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