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Summary
The paper describes an
integrated calculation
methodology which, by
simulating railway traffic,
allows analysis of the
performance of 2x25 kV
50 Hz electric traction
systems. This methodology
performs a multiconductor
electrical analysis of the
traction circuit utilising
ATP-EMTP software
(Alternative Transient
Program-Electromagnetic
Transient Program) and
therefore additionally
allows calculation of
Fig.1 - General configuration of the 2x25 kV-50 Hz system ( from [1])
electromagnetic transients
and all possible failure
regimes. The analyses reduction in induced type includes the rail distributed the closed characteristics
presented refer to the electromagnetic interference shunt conductance of this type of commercial
application of the compared to other A.C. and only neglects the software package makes
methodology in question to railway supply systems capacitive couplings and verifying the simulation
the study of a high speed in use. Fig. 1 shows the the autotransformer no- methodologies and results a
railway line section in typical configuration of load currents thus giving difficult task.
steady-state operation, with the 2x25 kV-50 Hz railway quite precise results despite
particular emphasis on the An objective was therefore
supply system; its peculiar the method complexity set to develop a software
electrical and energetic structure and principle are increases with the number
effects of train regenerative solution capable of reliably
often described in national of trains within the line and accurately calculating
braking. technical literature, and section. 225 kV, 50 Hz electric
therefore the present paper Under specific operating traction systems, easily
1. Introduction cites the most relevant conditions, the complete highlighting electrical
It is well known that the descriptions for reference [1] multiconductor model values of possible interest,
225 kV, 50 Hz railway [2][3]. adopted in [10] for analysis which could also be
supply system in use in Italy The circuit complexity of the interaction with interfaced with the typical
for new High Speed/High of the 225 kV electric the electric supply system output of railway traffic
Capacity lines ensures an traction systems, requires (dissymmetry, faults), also simulators in order to
outstanding performance in use of computer tools appears to be suitably analyse even complex
terms of operation capacity, capable of solving very applicable to the study electromechanical
reliability and flexibility complex mathematical of electrical regimes scenarios.
as well as a substantial models in order to evaluate attained in the traction
Evaluation of the regenerative braking effects in a HS/HC railway line
2. The EMTP-IERSS Systems Simulation) totally checking, post-processing solved with a specific EMTP
package manages electromechanical and possibly archiving. code.
simulation, processing The VBA environment The adoption of a lumped-
The ATP-EMTP program, and presentation of allowed quick development parameters Pi model is
well known internationally results interfacing within of client interfaces for widely justified, for steady-
as well as universally a Microsoft Windows improvement of the entire state power frequency
accessible, was chosen for environment with three pre- software but most notably it analyses, by the short length
simulation and electrical existing software programs: showed a very high database of the single line element
calculation of the 225, and file access speed. The with respect to the different
a railway traffic
50 Hz system; a new calculation phases can be 50 Hz wavelengths of the
simulator;
customised software was summarised as: railway line, ranging from
developed around this ATP-EMTP;
6000 km for the overhead
software called EMTP- Matlab. i - interfacing with the
conductors to 94 km for the
IERSS (EMTP Interface for traffic simulator;
The traffic simulator, rails.
Electric Railway Systems ii - ATP-EMTP based load
developed in an Excel As far as conductor
Simulation). It should be flow calculations;
environment using macros, arrangement is concerned
noted that ATP-EMTP, iii - pulling of results.
calculates the power drawn the following 4 typological
nowadays recognised at
on the pantograph by each sections have been taken
an international level as
single train in a specified 3. ATP-EMTP modelling into consideration:
being amongst the most
reliable electric power traffic scenario and within a of the electric supply
embankment/cutting;
system simulation software certain time interval, step by system
step; the program also takes viaduct;
programs, has already
into account the line traffic The equivalent electric natural tunnel;
been utilised at a design
(train headway along the circuit of a two-track 2x25 artificial tunnel.
stage, for analysis of some
up and down-line, starting kV-50 Hz high-speed/high-
types of specific electrical Messenger wires and contact
time delay between up-line capacity railway line is
phenomena (faults, wires were replaced by a
and down-line train fleets composed of 14 conductors
overvoltages) on high speed single equivalent conductor,
- referred to as time-shift in a given section (fig. 3),
railway lines. However, the suitably located, thus
from here on). namely rails (R1P,R1D, R2P,
direct application of the reducing the equivalent
ATP-EMTP is utilised as the R2D), overhead ground wires
above mentioned software circuit complexity to
electrical networks solver (CTP, CTD), buried linear
program to railway lines 12 conductors; sags of
routine, with additional grounding conductors (DIP,
is a complex task, with messenger wires, overhead
load-flow functionality DID), feeders (FDP, FDD),
regards to the development ground wires and feeders
supplied by the EMTP- messenger wires and contact
of equivalent circuit models were calculated for a
IERSS; finally, specific wires (COP, COD). Grounded
and, above all, with regards temperature of 55 C.
Matlab applications are used conductors are also bonded
to pulling and processing Particularly important is
for the automatic plotting of at regular intervals by
of results; consequently its the model implemented
graphs relating to the most means of equipotential
utilisation for parametric for rails and buried linear
significant electrical values. connections.
analysis purposes and /
or simulation of several The EMTP-IERSS
traffic scenarios, becomes structure was developed
practically impossible. in a Microsoft Excel
A software architecture environment and essentially
which uses ATP-EMTP consists of several
as a central solver, has macros, in other words
been therefore developed executive codes written
to manage automation in VBA (Visual BASIC for
phases, control, result post- Application).
processing and presentation This allows development, in
(fig. 2). a single file, of a structure
The complex structure based on the creation of
obtained, named EMTP- several databases where data
IERSS (EMTP Interface and results obtained from
for Electric Railway the macros can be saved for
Fig. 20 - Pantograph voltage of TAD train versus Time, for the three different braking curves of fig. 6
Table 3 - Results of simulations with 15 minutes headway and ESS neutral sections in open position
Evaluation of the regenerative braking effects in a HS/HC railway line
Prof. Ing. Alfonso Capasso [7] A. Mariscotti, P. Pozzobon, M. Vanti, Simplified modelling of
225 kV-50 Hz AT railway systems for the solution of low frequency
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Dipartment of Electrical n. 1, january 2007, pp. 296-301.
Engineering
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Dipartment of Electrical [13] A. Adinolfi, R. Lamedica, C. Modesto, A. Prudenzi, S. Vimercati,
Engineering Experimental assessment of energy saving due to trains regenerative
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