MA. CHESKA M.

FERNANDEZ FEBRUARY 3, 2017

CE 3B Cations
Cations Anions Anions ES 7
+ -
Na
Na+ 83.5 CI- 87.2
Mg
Mg ASSIGNMENT
++
++ 10.3 SO44=
= #4
12.2
++ =
Ca
Ca++ 3.3 CO33= 0.3
CLEAN WATER
K
K+
+
3.0 VS.
Br-- DIRTY
0.3 WATER

CLEAN WATER DIRTY WATER

CONSTITUENTS OF WATER CONSTITUENTS OF WATER
(chemical composition by (chemical composition by
percentage of sea water) percentage of sea water)

CONSTITUENTS OF FRESH WATER CONSTITUENTS OF FRESH WATER

(chemical composition by average percentage) (chemical composition by average percentage)

Cations Anions Cations Anions

++ = ++
Ca 60.9 CO3 72.4 Ca 60.9 CO3= 72.4
Mg++ 19.0 SO4= = 16.1 Mg++ 19.0 SO4= = 16.1
Na+ 16.6 CI- 11.5 Na+ 16.6 CI- 11.5
K+ 3.5 K+ 3.5

Detergents

Coliforms

Microorganisms

Disinfection by-products found in

chemically disinfected drinking water,
such as chloroform.

Food processing waste, which can

include oxygen-demanding substances,
fats and grease.

Chlorinated solvents, which are dense

non-aqueous phase liquids, may fall to
the bottom of reservoirs, since they don't
mix well with water and are denser.

o Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs)

o Trichloroethylene
 o Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs)

Heavy metals from motor

vehicles (via urban storm water
runoff) and acid mine drainage.

Secretion of creosote preservative into

the aquatic ecosystem.

Silt (sediment) in runoff from construction

sites, logging, slash and burn practices or
land clearing sites.

Acidity

Ammonia

Chemical waste as industrial by-products.

Insecticides and herbicides.

MA. CHESKA M. FERNANDEZ FEBRUARY 3, 2017

CE 3B ES 7

ASSIGNMENT #3

May lawak na 300,000 km2 ang teritoryo ng Pilipinas.