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Objective
To understand characters of structure style
signature in seismic data.
Structural Styles In Petroleum
Exploration
Structural Styles are differentiated on the
basis of basement involvement or detachment
of sedimentary cover.
Basement-involved styles include
Wrench-fault structure assemblages
Compressive fault blocks and basement trusts
Extensional fault blocks
Warps
Structural Styles In Petroleum
Exploration
Detached styles are
Decollement trusts-fold assemblage
Detached normal faults (growth faults and
other)
Salt structure
Shale structure
Damage Zone
The damage zone is the area
(volume in 3-D) of brittle
deformation around a fault
surface or fault core
It must be genetically related to
the formation and/or growth of
the fault structure
The damage area is characterized
by higher strain and usually
higher density of deformation
structure (fractures) than the
surrounding
Basement-involved styles
Wrench-fault structure
assemblages
Wrench or strike-slip
faults are more or less
vertical, generally
straight, and
thoroughgoing (all as Trace of gauge Fracture Missing material
Andaman Sea seismic section. Divergent wrench fault with a negative flower structure.
Wrench-fault structure
Wrench-fault structure
Compressive fault blocks and
basement trusts
Extensional fault blocks
Extensional fault blocks
Detached styles
Trusts-fold assemblage
Trusts-fold belts can be created by convergent
wrench and by compressional-subduction
proce
Strike slip can also take place in
compressional-subduction orogenic belts,
both in the form of longitudinal faults
contemporaneous with subduction.
Normal Fault Assemblage
Mechanically, listric normal faults, referred to
as extensional glide-plane faults, behave as
faults that bound slump blocks.
In simplest form detached listric normal
faulting can be trated as a gravity
phenomenon of basinward creep of
sediments.
Salt Structure
Salt structure have been encountered in every
deformational environment. The preferred plate tectonic
habits of salt are divergent continental margins and
aborted rift systems.
Salt when present in and influenced by other structures has
been termed tectonic salt. The term diapir was first used
for salt structures that were highly discordant to bedding
and affected by tectonic forces.
Because of its relatively low density (2.2 g/cm3 vs 2.5-2.6
g/cm3 of consolidated sediment) and high ductility, salt has
the capability of moving buoyantly under the influence of
gravity in the complete absence of tectonic movement.
Problem in getting depth
structure
Relatively free
amplitude
Salt structure
Power of 3D Seismic data
Horizontal Section (time slice)
Horizontal Section (time slice)