2002 STATE COMPETITION SPRINT ROUND QUESTIONS 1. Segments AB and CD are as shown, There are 4s dividing each length of 1 Therefor, cach intervals worth + or 02. Segment AB starts atthe third mark between, Oand 1 of 0.6. Segment AB ends at the second mark between 2 and 3 or 2.4 24-0.6= 18 Segment CD starts at the second mark between Land 2, o 14, Segment CD ends at, 4-14=26 2.6-1.8=0.8 Answer ‘The sum of the frst» positive integers is 28, ‘The sum of the frst positive integers can be represented by the formula: (uti)-m (rei)-n (atten ‘The product of two consecutive positive integers is $6. By inspection, these are 7 and 8. Therefore, = 7 Answer Note: we could carry out the multiplication and factor: sne86 (n+ 8)00-7) n= 38,7 But m amst be positive so =7 3. The temperature at § AM was -28°F. The temperature at 2 PM was 17°F. The temperature rose 17 - (28) =17+28=45 degrees in 7 +2=9 hours. ‘The average increase was 4 Bas. answer 9 4, Edwina runs at a speed of 8 miles per hour ora speed of S=2 miles per minute, 6 18 1 ‘Thus, it takes her 7 ‘minutes to complete 2002 State Matheounts Solution Set one mile, It must then take her 7. 15 = 105 minutes to run 14 miles. 108 Answer Arenal vse avast +1 ft canbe reese in inches as $54 inches by 18 inches. 54+ 18-972 Answer A mumber 1s randomly selected from the set {1, 2,5 10}. We must find the probability that 2-4 > 7. n-4>0 ned This means § $$ 10, ‘There are 6 values inthe set that can be chosen to fulill this equitement. 63 os Answer 48 non-overlapping square tiles, each 1 inch yy 1 inch, fit within a rectangle. To find the ‘minimum number of inches in the perimeter, inspect the factors whose product is 48. 1-48 2-24 3-16 4-12 6-8 ‘The perimeter is minimized when the sum of length aud width are minimized. The sum of the Iength and width are minimized the closer you get to the squate root of 48, ‘Thus, the smallest perimeter occurs when the sides of the rectangle are 6 and 8. 2+ (6+8)=2- 14=28 Answer Angela's school day consists of 4 45-minute periods (4 » 45 = 180 min), one 90-minute period, one 25-minute period, and $ 4- minute breaks (5 - 4 180-90 +25 +20 18min, 8°50 + Sours = 1:50 1:50 +15 min=2.05 Answer ‘Two of the central angles are 80° and 130°. ‘Therefore. the third central anale is: 360 - (80+ 130) 360 -210= 150 This piece has the largest area, The pizza has a radius of 6 inches so the area is 367. ‘The piece with a central angle of 150° is: Page 1 of 936036 12 of the area of the pizza 3 36m ST Answer QD 10. The units digit of 1! is 1 The units digit of 3! is 6, SIss-4.3-2 6-2-G-2-0 10- 4-2-0. Thus, the units digit of 5! must be 0 Similarly, the units digit of 7), 9! and 11! are all 1+6+0+0+0+0=7 Answer 11 foase +3e+4 a ay+e S-4=(6)=4=20-6>4 24-6518 Answer 12, Every fourth pot is marked with a red balloon. Every sixth pot is marked with a bine balloon, Every tenth pot is marked with a yellow balloon. Pots with all three ‘occu on the least common multiple of 4, 6, and 10. Divisor 4 6 10 2 23 5 2 1 3S 3 1 1 5 5 1 1 1 (The value in the let, or divisor, column is divided into the values in the right column, ‘one ow up. Ifthe divisor does not divide the value one row up with zero remaind the value is brought down to the next row unchanged, ‘The LCMis2-2-3-$=60 So all multiples of 60 have all tee colors. 2 ~10 Answer #0 13, Hftwo standasd Gsded dice ave tossed, what $s the probability thatthe sum ofthe numbers shown onthe dise isa prime umber? What are all the primes = 12? They ae 2.5.5.7. and 11 For 2, there is only the combination: ap) For 3 there are two combinations (2,1) and (1,2). For 5. there are 4 combinations: (14). 2.3)..2) and (4.1), 2002 State Matheounts Solution Set 14 15. 16. For 7, there are 6 combination (2.6). 5). G4), (4.3), (6.2), and (6.0. For 11, there are 2 combinations: (3, 6)and (6.5). This makes a total of 1+2+4+ 6+ ‘There are a total of 6 - 6 = 36 combi Is 5 36 12 Answer Every student takes history or science. 8S take both, 106 students take history and 109 take science. We can use a Venn diagram to 8») History Science s2e the solution. 106 students take history but 85 take both history and science. Therefore, 21 take history but not science. 109 take science, but 85 take both. Therefore, 24 take science only. 21+85+24=130 Answer at b+e=88 (Ea 1) a-5=N (Eq.2) b+5-N Eq3) Se=N Ea.4) b+s=a-S (Eq.2,E4.3) b=a-10(E4.5) Sema-5 (Eq.4,59.2) 4.6) 88 Eq 1. Fg 5.Fq 6) Sa+Sa-S0+a-5=440 5-40 Answer 6% of the eight graders and 3) seventh graders participate in MATHCOUNTS. There are 1.5 times as many Sth graders as 7th graders Let x = the number of 7th graders. ‘Then 1.5x = the number of Sth graders, (6% of the 8th graders = 06 - 1.5x=.09x 3% of the 7th araders = 0.38. The total number of students are 2.Ss. 09x+.03y O12 12x _ 12 2 Sx 250s 250 4.8% Answer ofthe 4g= Page 2 of 9Bach of the circles P and Q is tangent to rectangle ABCD at three points as shown, Ench cirele has a radius of6 em, RS=2 The length of AD isthe same as the length of ale drawn parallel to AD through P. This means AD isthe same as the diameter ofP,o2 - 6= 12. Since the length of RS is 2 the length of PR must be 4 as must the length of 8Q. Ifyou dravra line throush 21 PRSQ starting at E and F you have a line ‘whose length is the same as AB or CD. The length of FF is EP + PR +RS+SQ+ QF. EP and QF are both radi or 6. Therefore AB orCD=6 +4=2-4=6=22 22-12 =264 Answer 18, How many nine-digit numbers can be made using each of the diaits 1 through 9 exactly: once with the digits altemating between odd and even? If they must alternate between ‘odd and even, then we must start and end with odd digits because there are 5 different ‘odd digits (1, 3, 5,7, 9) but only 4 different even digits (2, 4.6,8). So, there are 5 different choices for the first odd digit, 4 different choices for the frst even digit, 4 different choices for the second odd digit, 3 different choices for the second even digit, ete, S4-4-3-3-2 20-126 2880 Answer 19, Marvelous Mondays are defined as the fifth Monday in the month. To be a Marvelous. Monday. the date must be at least the 25th of the month. September 4 is a Monday making the last Monday of the month, September 25. The first Monday in October ‘would be October 2. The last Monday in October would be October 30, which is a Marvelous Monday, October 30 Answer 20, The whole numbers are written consecutively in the pattern shown. RowA: $67 17 18 19 RowB: 4 8 16 20 RowC: 3 9 1S 21 RowD) 2 10 14 9 22 RowE: 1 1112132324 2002 State Matheounts Solution Set Note that odd multiples of 6 appear in Row ‘A.and even multiples of 6 appear in Row E 500 6 85 is an odd multiple of 6. Therefore, 83 498 is in Row A. Since the multiple of is always followed by one more value in Row A and then one in Row B (look at 7.8, or 19,20, for example). The $00th number rust be in Row B. Answer 3 R2 ‘What is the smallest three-digit number that is a multiple of 4 and whose digits sum to 23 Determine first « sumn of three digits that equals 23 but whose hundreds unit is as small as possible. If that smallest digit were 1, could we get a sum to 237 No, since 23 1 = 22 and using two 9's would get us a sum of 18. How about 2? Then 23-2=21 and again this is a problem, The largest value that the 2 other digits can be is 18. Thus, the Inundreds mit would be $, But $99 is not divisible by 4. So try 17. Then, the Fnundseds unit is 6 and we get either 689 or 698. Neither are divisible by 4. (A number is divisible by 4 af its two lowest order digits are divisible by 4, E,g., 04, 08, 12, 16,20, ete.) So we must try 16, This means the tnundreds digit is 7. We can have either 779 fr 788 oF 797. 779 is not divisible by 4 (nor is 797) but 788 is 788 Answer Vo asd (#2): (2°6)= 625 =6- 29 = 48 Answer How many numbers in the range 1-100 are multiples of 27 All even numbers, o 50 of them, How many numbers inthe range 1+ 100 are multiples of 3? 33 of them, but every other one is an even number. The often se seen oft santos ise Plate in thesnge che ape hae we bustin te seu! ethene ind sso me ao TM he aaah oe The Bos ioca aa we tet cosaed Page 3 of 9before 50> 17+ m 100 24, A jet that fies $40 mph flies 9 miles per suinute. A jet that flies 480 mph flies § ailes per minute. Let x= the expected number of minutes it takes to fly between both aixports 9 ~ 8) is the number of miles between, both airports (when flying ata rate of 9 anuiles per minute), 8(x+ $3) is also the munber of miles between both airports (when flying ata rate of miles per minute). 90+ 8) 9x +7 Ittakes 352 ~ $= 360 minutes to fly ata rate of 9 miles per minute 360 - (9 Answer 25, The area of @ triangle bounded by the lines y=0, x= 12 and y= mx is 1872. ‘The figure looks as follows: G2, 12m) yom x 0) 02,0) yoo ‘When y is 0: o=ms m=0 ‘When the x-coordinate is 12: yo 12m So the three coordinates are (12.0), (0,0) and (12, 12m). The length of the vertical side of the triangle is 12m, The length of the horizontal side of the triangle i 12. 4-12-12 872 6. 12m=1872 Lam= 312 m= 26 Answer 26, What is the remainder when 2°” +3 is divided by 7? Determine whether there is a pattera when dividing by 7, 2002 State Matheounts Solution Set has a remainder of 5 has a remainder of 0 hhas a remainder of 4 = Banenremindr of +3 38 has a remainder of 0. 2+3_ 67 © thas a remainder of 4. ‘Ang the patter emerges, When the ‘exponent is divided by 3 and the remainder is 1, the remainder of the expression is 5 ‘When the exponent is divided by 3 and the remainder is 2, the remainder of the expression is 0, When the exponent is divided by 3 and the remainder is 0, the remainder of the expression is 4 S-29R0 3 ‘Therefore, the remainder is 4, Answer Triangle ABC is a right wiangle with angle B aright angle. Points P and Q are on BC so that segments AP and AQ isect angle BAC as in the figure below. Xy a) ‘The measure of angle APC is 114°. Therefore. the measure of angle APB is 180 = 114 = 66°. This makes the three angles in triangle ABP, 66, 90 and 180 - (90+ 65) 180 - 156 = 24°. Remember that segments AP and AQ trisect angle BAC. This means that angle BAP x 1 of angle A. Therefor, angle Ais 24 °. Anale B is 90°. 90)= 15 Answer segment drawn from a vertex of a square to a point on the square forms 1 toro regions, one whose area is + of the - 3 other region. See the diagram below. Page 4 of 9‘This means that the area of smaller region is 1 > of the area of the square. If we were to ; sa saw line through the square parallel to a vertical edge ancl bisecting the horizontal edges of the cube, the nwo resulting regions would have equal area, See the diagram, mow ‘Thus, the diagonal isthe line seg ‘question and itis the hypotenuse of a r 1 triangle whose other sides are 1 and Let x thejlenath of the hypotenuse > [3] 29, There are 6 jugs that contain 13, 15, 16, 21 21 and 22 gallons, respectively. One jug has bine punch. The other five jugs have red punch. 16 ofthe ed punch is sld to nly Zhe ei ph sod ‘Lisa, this implies that Lisa's amount of punch is twice Randy's amount of punch. ‘The sum of all the punch is: 13 +15 +16+21+21+22= 108 gallons. the blue punch is 22 gallons. then there ‘would be 86 gallons of red punch to be divided into thirds. But 86 is not divisible by 3, Lfthe biue punch is 21 gallons, then there would be 87 gallons to be divided into thisds. This works out to 29+ 58. Do we have combinations to create 29 and 58? 16+13=29 I5421+22=58 Thus, there were 21 gallons of blue punch. 21 Answer 2002 State Matheounts Solution Set 30, ‘The mean of six positive integers is $, and the median is 6. The sum ofall 6 integers rust be 6 - $= 30. Since there are an even snumber of items, the average ofthe third and fourth item must be the median, ie, 6 If we want the largest mode, then we have to have the rest of the values very small. We know that the middle 2 numbers must add to 12. This leaves 18 to be divided between the largest 2 numbers and the sunallest 2. If wwe asstme thatthe first 2 aumbers are 1, the two largest values would each be § To make the largest mode, the middle two values, which must sum to 12, would be 4 and 8. giving us the sequence: L148 8.8 8 Answer ‘TARGET ROUND Given that two sides of the right triangle are 6 and 8, the hypotenuse must be 10. ) ‘This makes the radii of the three semicircles 3.4, and 5, respectively. The area of a Le semicircle is 1° 2 ‘The area of the semi dye ln 2 2 ‘The area of the semi dn. #=sn The area of the semi ‘The product of 4 consecutive positive integers is 1 less than 461 Lets = 461 . ‘Then we ean express 1 less than 461° as xe (e-1)- (& +1)=x°-1or 460 - 462= 4617-1 Now we need to factor 460 and 462 into two ‘numbers such that all 4 resulting values ean be placed in such an order to make them consecutive positive integers. Page 5 of 9460=2-$-2.23 4622-3-7-11 460-20 - 23 462-21 - 22 ‘Therefore: 20-21-22. 23-461=1 ‘The least of the 4 numbers is 20. Answer Alternate solution: Since calculators are permitted in this round, we could find the value of {46 147. Therefore 21474 =461? =1,, so it would make sense to see if the product of 20, 21, 22 and 23, (the four consecutive integers closest to 21.47) is equal to 461°- 1, which itis. The least ofthe four aumbers is 20 3. The world’s population passed 6 billion people on July 18, 1999. An average or 4.2 births and 1.7 deaths occurs every second. ‘Thus, the world’s population increases by 4.2-1.7=25 people every second. This is fan increase of 2.5. 60 - 60 - 24=216,000 people per day or approximately 78,840,000 people per year (if you dont deal with leap year). Tt would take: 1,000,000,000 78840,000 7 billion people fiom July 18, 1999. A half year would place us in 2000. Twelve more ‘years would place us in early 2012, Does the leap year factor in? No. Were only talking about 2 or 3 days more which is less than 01 year. 2012 Answer = 12.68391679 years to get to 4. Sisaset of 3 positive integers. Property I says that S has mean of 10. Then, the sum of the 3 numbers is 30. So far property I holds. Property II says that $ has median 8. Can that happen? Sue. 7+ 8+ 15 works fine. Property IIT says that $ has sum 48, No! IFS has a mean of 10 the sum aust be 30. So Property IIT ean not hold if Property I does. Property IV says that S contains the number 38. That couldn’ be tue if Property T holds. Suppose Property I doesn't hold, Then S has asumof 45. Could $ have a median of 8? Sure. {2. 8, 38) works. What about if S contains the number 357 {2, 8.35) still ‘works fine, Thus we can have at most 3 properties holding. 3 Answer 2002 State Matheounts Solution Set ‘We must determine for how many integers 7 between 1 and 100 is the greatest common divisor of 15 and m equal to 3. This would be all the integers that are multiples of 3 but not multiples of 5. There ave 33 multiples of 3 between I and 100, Of those, 6 are multiples of $ (15. 30. 45, 60, 75, and 90). ‘Therefore. there are 33 - 6 = 27 integers between 1 and 100 whose greatest common divisor of 15 and themselves is 3. 27 Answer’ AG inch by 9 inch rectangle is ent into three portions of equal area as shown, The area ofthe rectangle is 6 - 9= 4, The 1 anea ofeach poston is 1 of the total area ot ” 3 18, We know that one side ofthe light gray triangle is 6. Let x= the other side of the light gray triangle that is not the hypotenuse. Then’ 1 4 6x18 Bx= 18 ‘Therefore, the light gray triangle is half of 6 inch square and its hypotenuse is 6 v2 =8.485281374 ‘Now, look at the black triangle. One side is 9, Lat y= the other side of the black triangle that is not the hypotenuse, Then: y Let z~ the length of the hypotenuse of the black triangle. Feeaz Now we ean determine the perimeters of each of the triangles. The perimeter of the light gray wiangle is 6 + 6 + §.485281374 20.48528137. ‘The perimeter of the dark gray triangle is (© - 6) + (6 = 4) + 8485281374 ~ 9.848857802 - 25.334139176. The perimeter of the black Page 6 of 9triangle is 9 + 4 + 9.848857802 = 22.8488578, The davk gray triangle has the ‘greatest perimeter and to the nearest tenth, this is 23.3, Amswer The ratio of boys to girls in the upper classes is 3 to 4 and there are 60 upperclassmen, ‘There are 110 freshman boys and 90 freshman girls. First determine the number of upper class boys. There are 3 boys for every 4 girls in the upper classes, ot 3 boys out of every 7 students 3x+4x- 560 72 = 560 80-3=240 ‘There are 240 upperclass boys and 110 freshmen boys for a total of 350 boys. There are a total of $60 + 110 + 90 = 760 students in the school 350 352 5 o.ssosz6a16 760 0460526316 - 100 = 46.0526316 46 Answer 8. The only lines of symmetry that will be possible forthe completed pattern will be horizontal and vertical ines. The fist 2 squares showin in te problem (the "=" and "s" squares) have both lines of symmetry, but ts their horizontal line of symmetry that allows ts to create any pattem of three squares with any combination of these two. The three squares in the pattern ean be 3 squares (figure 2),2 "+" squares and an "s" square (figures 4, 11, 12),2 "8" squares and a7 square (figures 3,9, 10), or 3 "5" squares (figure 1). This isa total of 8 d © a 1 2 4 3 4 2 a 3 s 1 o 2 1 1 3 -10 nn > = 10+ 11-565 5 110 “135 Answer 4. A square region has perimeter 60 inches ‘When a unit tile is removed the remaining tiles create a rectangular region with rnin perimeter. First determine the lenath ofthe square Let x= the length of the square. 0 x=15 ‘Therefore, there are 15 - 15 = 225 unit tiles, in the square. Subtracting 1 gives us 224 init tiles to make the rectangle. A minimum perimeter occurs when the length and width of the rectangle are as close to each other as possible i., as close to the square root of the area. or 15. Is: 14 ‘The perimeter is 2 - (16+ 14) 2.3060. Amswer 5. The inside wheels of a car traveling on a circular path are rotating half as fast as the 2002 State Matheounts Solution Set outside wheels. The front two wheels are six feet apart. We must determine the rnunber of feet in the path traced by the inside front wheel in one trip around the cle. Since the car travels a circular path the inner ‘wheels travel the circumference of a cite. The inside wheels are rotating half as fast as the outside wheels so the circumference of the inner cirele must be half as much as the circumference of the circle traveled by the outer wheels. Let x the radius of the circle traveled by the inner wheels, Then x ~ 6 is the radius of the circle traveled by the outer wheels, 2ms - 2=2n(x+6) 4nx=2nx+ 12m ans 12m x= 6 ‘The number of feet in the path traced by the inside front wheel is: 2-7 6= 127 Answer ‘The easiest way is to list the possible paths. Ls _— Noe 1 From A. the mouse can go to B and from there to E and F. Of those two possibilities only one leads to F. From A, the mouse ean 20 to C and then F. That is one possibility out of one possibility. From A, the mouse can go to D and then to F, making one possibility out of 3 possibilities ‘The probability that the mouse goes from A to Bio Fis: bat 3276 The probability that the mouse goes from A. toc tori that the mouse goes from A. Page 8 of 9is is is 18 Mariana has some nickels and quarters and their combined value is $9.15. Their combined weight is one pound. 80 quarters weigh one pound and ninety nickels weigh fone pound, We must find the number of aickels. Since 80 quarters weight one pound, one auamterweihs 2 pound. Since 90 nickels weigh one pound, one nickel weiahs 2 pound. Let x the number of quarters Let y= the munber of nickels 25x + Sy= 915 (Eq, I~ from the cost) tod aoe? 5p 7! om the weiaht) 90 + 80y ~ 7200 (Eq. 2) 400x + 80y= 14640 (Eq. 3: Eq. 1 - 16) 310x~ 7440 (Eq, 3- Eq. 2) x=24 28-24 +Sy=915 600 + Sy=915 8. What is the base 4 representation of the base 2 umber 11011000. ‘The solution is easy in this case. Instead of transposing to base 10 and then to base 4 ‘you can simply, working from right to left, take groups of 2 qumbers and make the translation: 0,0 11011000; 3120, Answer 2,10 9. A farmer has fenced a field as sho, om oN ‘The slanted line in the trapezoid (ie, the ‘one that isnt 40 or 80 m long) isthe hypotenuse of a 40 by 40 sight tangle Therefore, its size is 40V2 . The farmer divides the field into 4 congruent trapezoids. 2002 State Matheounts Solution Set 10. ‘The field now looks like this: om oe om| 203 0m Instead of single trapezoid with sides 40, 40, 80 and 40-V2 , there are 4 trapezoids with sides 20, 20, 40 and 20V2 ‘What is new in creating the 4 congruent trapezoids are two lines of length 20, a line of length 40 and a line of length 20 J2 20+20+40 +202 =80+2092 = 1082842712 = 108 Answer All the faces on Alison's cube have a 5. The faces on Brian's cube have the numbers 1 = 6, Three of the faces on Noah's cube have a 2 and the other three have a 6. If Allison rolls her cube she always gets a 5. If Brian rls rt i sin one his 116. Noah rlishis cube he asa + probability cteing ants pti faeinn 6. For Allison to rol greater than Brian, Brian must roll any value between I and 4. This has a probability of £=2. For 3 Allison to rll greater than Noah, Noah must colle? webs a ratty of Answer Page 9 of 9