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Course Objective

LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO
Students can apply fundamental
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING I electromagnetic theory to solution of
practical problems.

Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1 Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1
All rights reserved. All rights reserved.

Desired Outcomes of EEE340


Why is Electromagnetics Important?
Students review vector calculus, complex numbers and
circuit concepts.
Students understand the fundamentals of Electrostatics. Knowledge of electromagnetics is required
Students understand the fundamentals of Magnetostatics.
to explain certain technologies:
Students understand boundary value problems.
Students understand the characteristics of materials and antennas
their interactions with electric and magnetic fields.
Students understand Maxwells equations.
transmitter and receiver
Students understand electromagnetic wave concepts. are connected by a field.
Students understand fundamental transmission line
concepts.

Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1 Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1
All rights reserved. All rights reserved.

1
Why is Electromagnetics Important? (Contd) Why is Electromagnetics Important? (Contd)
2

high speed/high density integrated circuits

v1 (t), V
1

2 3 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2 t (ns )
Propagation
delay

v2 (t), V
1

0
Electromagnetic
2
0 10 20 30 40 50
t (ns )
60 70 80 90 100
coupling

v3 (t), V
1

1 4 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
t (ns )

Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1 Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1
All rights reserved. All rights reserved.

Why is Electromagnetics Difficult? Why is Electromagnetics Difficult? (Contd)

Electric and magnetic fields: As a result:


are three-dimensional Solution of electromagnetics problems requires
are vectors a high level of abstract thinking - it is not
vary in space as well as time possible to solve them by finding the right
formula in which to plug the numbers.
are governed by PDEs
Students must develop a deep physical
understanding where math becomes a powerful
tool rather than a crutch.

Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1 Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1
All rights reserved. All rights reserved.

2
What is Electromagnetics? (Contd)
What is Electromagnetism?

Electromagnetics is the study of the effect


Electromagnetism is one of the four of charges at rest and charges in motion.
fundamental forces of physics.
The subject of electromagnetics may be
The other three are: divided into three branches
gravity
electrostatics: charges at rest
strong
magnetostatics: charges in steady motion (DC)
weak
electrodynamics: charges in time-varying
motion

Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1 Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1
All rights reserved. All rights reserved.

Approach to Studying Electromagnetics


Approach to Studying Electromagnetics (Contd)
Fundamental laws of
classical
Maxwells
electromagnetics equations
Basic quantities are defined.
Special Electro- Magneto Electro- Rules of operation are specified.
cases
statics -statics magnetic Fundamental relations are postulated.
waves

Statics: 0
t

Axiomatic approach Circuit d <<


Based on Helmholtz Theory
theorem

Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1 Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1
All rights reserved. All rights reserved.

3
Fundamental Vector Field Quantities in
SI (International System of) Units Electromagnetics
Fundamental SI Units
Quantity Unit Abbreviation
Electric field intensity E ()
units = volts per meter (V/m = kg m/A/s3)
length meter m
Electric flux density (electric displacement) D ( )
mass kilogram k units = coulombs per square meter (C/m2 = A s /m2)
time second s Magnetic field intensity H ( )
units = amps per meter (A/m)
current ampere A
Magnetic flux density B ()
temperature kelvin K units = teslas = webers per square meter
(T = Wb/ m2 = kg/A/s3)
luminous candela cd
intensity
Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1 Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1
All rights reserved. All rights reserved.

Fundamental Vector Field Quantities in


Three Universal Constants
Electromagnetics (Contd)

the velocity of an electromagnetic wave (e.g., light) in free


A field is a spatial distribution of a quantity; in space (perfect vacuum)
general, it can be either scalar or vector in nature. c 3 108 m/s
When an event in one place has an effect on
something at a different location, we talk about the the permeability of free space
events as being connected by a field.
0 = 4 10 7 H/m
In general, the fundamental vector field quantities
in electromagnetics are vector functions of both the permittivity of free space
position (in three-dimensional space) and time.
0 8.854 10 12 F/m

Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1 Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1
All rights reserved. All rights reserved.

4
Relationships Involving the Three Universal
Constants

1
c=
0 0

In free space:
B = 0 H

D = 0 E

Copyright 2002 by James T. Aberle LECTURE 1


All rights reserved.

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