HARDWARE & SOFTWARE CO-DESIGN by GIOVANNI DE MICHELI, FELLOW, IEEE, AND

RAJESH K. GUPTA, MEMBER, IEEE

In this review we will discuss about the co-designing of the hardware & software used in the digital
system and the basic concept of embedded system.
We will be using terms like FPGA (Field programmable gate array), VLSI (Very large scale
integration), ISP (Instruction set processors), ISA (Instruction set architecture).
This journal provide us all the information about the hardware and the software to be used in the
manufacturing of a device for performing a particular work or various work. This journal also
discuss about the different kinds of platform on which the software is being written and also
discuss about the design architecture of the embedded system and the examples.
After going through this journal, it is clear that this journal is empirical and totally based on the factors
and practical ideas and concepts which are being used in the production of digital embedded system for
the various application in your day to day life.
This journal discuss about many programmable languages which are being used in the manufacturing of
the device. It also discusses the various steps like Application domain, Degree of programmability,
Implementation facts. In application domain basic factor is to determine the purpose and the use so that
the device can be manufactured using embedded system software and hardware. In application domain
the hardware depends on core and the software depends on the microkernels. Degree of programmability
is also on the factor that is involved in the consistence of digital embedded system and in this there are
two important factors on which it depends: 1. Access on the programming and 2. Level of programming.
Access of programming is only given to developers, the people involved in the manufacturing of the
device and it doesnt allow end user to make any interference in the programming. Therefore in level of
programming there are three different kind of level on which the programming is performed and that are
application, instruction, hardware. Application is very important as it defines the specific use of the
device and uses the specific programming language for the specific work. Instruction consists of set of
instruction that creates a boundary between user and the device and contains all the necessary instruction
for the execution of the device. Hardware level programming means programming your hardware of your
device in your desired manner and use and the best example is the microprocessor. These embedded
systems are designed mostly to the specific kind of work to perform and many of them are made so that
can be used again and again or in short reprogrammable, this makes the use of single microprocessor to
be used in many application with many different kinds of programmable languages so that a single
microprocessor can store different programmable platforms like FPGA, VLSI, ISA and by using such
embedded system one device can perform works in a single work place.
The final conclusion is that the embedded system can perform many work and are self efficient and more
development in embedded system can give human race a more reliability and more artificial intelligence
kind of work and reducing human labor.
Reference:
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE CO-DESIGN by GIOVANNI DE MICHELI, FELLOW, IEEE, AND
RAJESH K. GUPTA, MEMBER, IEEE