EEI CORP.

Injury Prevention & Safety Program

CONTENTS

I. ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY................................................................

A. District/Production/Department Manager......................................................................
B. Field Operations & Plant Managers/Asst. Managers.....................................................
C. Superintendents/Project Manager/Project Engineers.....................................................
D. Supervisors/Foremen .....................................................................................................
E. Estimators .......................................................................................................................
F. Safety Specialists/Safety Managers ................................................................................
G. Employees ..
H. Subcontractors
I. Corporate Safety Department ...........................................................................................

II. INJURY PREVENTION SAFETY PROGRAM AND COMPLIANCE & DISCIPLINE

PROCESS
A. Program Scope and Applicability ....................................................................................
B. Compliance & Discipline Process ....................................................................................
C. Correcting Unsafe Practices or Conditions.......................................................................

III. INCIDENT INVESTIGATION, REPORTING AND RECORD KEEPING

PROCEDURES
A. Injury to Employee .....................................................................................................
B. Transporting Injured Employees..............................................................................
C. Modified Work Duty/Restricted Work Activity .............................................................
D. Serious Injury, Illness or Fatality.................................................................................
E. Property Damage and Other Incidents..........................................................................
F. Post Accident/Incident Drug & Alcohol Testing..........................................................
G. OSHC Log of Occupational Injuries and Illness .........................................................
H. PMSEA Mine Accident, Injury and Illness Report .......................................................
I. Job Site Inspections and Correction of Unsafe Conditions and Unsafe Actions.......
J. Safety Training Records ...............................................................................................
K. Regulatory Safety Inspections and Investigations ..........................................................

IV. COMMUNICATION WITH EMPLOYEES ON SAFETY AND HEALTH ISSUES....

A. Safety Meetings .............................................................................................................
B. Anonymous Notification Procedures..............................................................................
C. Posting
D. Training.

V. SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS
Confined Space Entry Written Program ................................................................................
Excavation & Trenching Program .........................................................................................
Fall Prevention and Protection Guidelines ............................................................................
Lock-Out Procedure...............................................................................................................
PMSEA (Philippine Mine Safety and Environment Association) Training and Retraining of Miners
Respiratory Protection Program............................................................................................

VI. INJURY PREVENTION AND SAFETY PROVISIONS: CODE OF SAFE PRACTICES .......
I. ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY

A. DISTRICT/PRODUCTION/DEPARTMENT MANAGER
Each manager is responsible for the implementation, involvement, and enforcement of the Injury
Prevention and Safety Program at their location. The Managers Injury Prevention and Safety
Program responsibilities include, at a minimum, the following:
Ensuring monthly or more frequent inspections of work areas (including offices and
operations) to identify and document potential unsafe work practices and unsafe conditions
and to initiate corrective actions.
Maintaining accountability for their operations safe performance in a Zero Injury Culture.
Reviewing and investigating serious incidents and injuries and initiate corrective measure.
Ensuring periodic safety meetings and training programs for their employees.
Promotion of near hit reporting.
Reviewing Safety Specialists plant/jobsite audit reports.
Coaching and counseling supervisors and employees to reinforce the importance of safe
operations.
Enforcing the provisions of the Injury Prevention and Safety Program and any other rules
applicable to their location.
Ensure records of inspections, hazard identification, corrective actions, and incident
investigations are maintained at their business unit office.

B. FIELD OPERATION/PLANT MANAGER/ASST. MANAGER

Each Manager is responsible for safe work procedures and the safety of everyone within their scope
of authority, including at a minimum, the following:
Each Construction District will receive from the Corporate Office (Construction) the yearly
Mla/OSHC Excavation & Trenching Permits for construction operations. Copies will be
distributed to field personnel.
Involvement in and enforcing the provisions of the Injury Prevention Safety Program.
Coaching and counseling employees, superintendents and project managers to reinforce the
importance of safe work procedures and a Zero Injury Culture.
Encouraging employees to report any unsafe conditions or work practices.
Assisting in the investigation of injuries and incidents, regardless of severity, to identify
potential causes and to sustain a Zero Injury Culture.
Ensuring periodic safety meetings and training programs for their employees.
Maintaining accountability for the safe performance of their operations.
Review Safety Specialists jobsite audit reports.
Promote near hit reporting.
Support District/Production/Department Managers in the safety duties.

C. SUPERINTENDENTS/PROJECT MANAGER/PROJECT ENGINEERS

Each Superintendent/Manager is responsible to ensure employees within their authority are
conducting work procedures safely and consistent with the Injury Prevention and Safety Program
including, but not limited to, the following:
Conducting periodic inspections of work areas and operations with jobsite/plant foreman to
identify and initiate action to correct and document potential unsafe work practices or unsafe
conditions. Documentation will be completed by jobsite/plant foreman and recorded on the
Daily Pre-Task Plan Form.
Reviewing incidents/injury investigation reports prepared by foremen/leadmen to sustain a
Zero Injury Culture.

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 Assisting in the development and review of the job hazard analysis for each major phase of
work including operations that have not previously been analyzed. (This may include pre-task
analysis and meetings.)
Coaching and counseling supervisors/foremen to reinforce the importance of safe production
and a Zero Injury Culture.
Ensuring that newly hired and promoted employees receive a safety orientation before their
new job assignment.
Promote near hit reporting.
Involvement in and enforcing the provisions of the Injury Prevention and Safety Program and
a Zero Injury Culture.
Ensuring that personnel are qualified and have the experience to safely perform assigned
tasks.
Evaluate project safety requirements during pre-planning and jobsite/plant visits.

D. SUPERVISORS/FOREMEN/WORKING FOREMEN/CREW LEADERS

Supervisors/foremen are responsible for safe work procedures within their scope of authority,
including, but not limited to the following:
Coaching and counseling employees on the importance of safe work procedures using the Code of
Safe Practices.
Involvement in and enforcing the provisions of the Injury Prevention and Safety Program and Zero
Injury Culture.
Promote near hit reporting and discussion.
Conducting daily inspections of their work areas and operations to identify unsafe work practices
and unsafe conditions and to initiate corrective actions. Discussion and documentation of observed
unsafe condition(s) will occur on the following day at the daily Pre-Task Planning meeting.
Conducting weekly safety tailgate meetings and document employee attendance.
Encouraging employees to report any unsafe conditions or unsafe work practices.
Assisting in the investigation of injuries and incidents, regardless of severity, to identify potential
causes and to initiate corrective measures. Complete all necessary paperwork and turn in to
appropriate personnel.
Reporting incidents to the Superintendent/Plant Manager/Safety Specialist immediately (the same
day the incident or injury occurs). When an incident occurs, follow-up procedures contained within
the In Case of Binder shall be followed.
Instructing employees in the recognition and avoidance of potential hazards.
Conducting daily pre-task safe production meetings. Discuss and document any observed unsafe
condition(s) and corrective measures taken for the prior day on the pre-task safe production form.
Assisting in the development of job hazard analysis for each major phase of work
including operations that have not previously been analyzed.
Enforcing the provisions of the Injury Prevention and Safety Program and Zero Injury Culture.

E. ESTIMATORS
Estimators are responsible for safe work procedures within their scope of authority including, but not
limited to, the following:
Involvement in and enforcing the provisions of the Injury Prevention and Safety Program and
Zero Injury Culture.
May assist in the development and review of the job hazard analysis for each major phase of
work including operations that have not previously been analyzed (this can include
participation in pre-task analysis and meetings).
Communicating with other business units regarding conditions, work practices, or hazards
identified in the bid process.
Reporting any near hit, incident, or injury immediately to their supervisor.

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 Contractually ensure that Subcontractors comply with the following:
Have a written Injury Prevention Program which is available to EEI ondemand
Report any jobsite/plant hazardous conditions created by their operations.
Report any injuries or incidents to EEI
When on EEI jobsites/plants wear the applicable personal protective equipment.
Attend EEI safety meetings when required.
Maintain a copy of their Codes of Safe Practices, and any work related permits on site while
working on the project.
Ensure proper budgeting for safety and hazard mitigation.
Periodically visit to observe job progress. Any observed safety hazards or concerns will be
brought to the attention of the jobsite foremen or superintendent.
Promoting a Zero Injury Culture.

F. SAFETY SPECIALIST/SAFETY MANAGERS

Safety personnel may assist in the daily administration of the Injury Prevention and Safety Program
for the business units including, but not limited to, the following:
Conducting or supervising orientation training of supervisors, managers, and employees.
Organizing, monitoring and helping with safety meetings and conducting training to provide
information regarding specific safety issues.
Take an active role in the implementation and planning of production safety improvements.
Conducting periodic audits and inspections of work areas and operations to identify, initiate
action to correct and document observed unsafe work practices or unsafe conditions.
Conduct ongoing safe production training programs when appropriate for craft employees.
Training will include programs as outlined in the Written Safety and Injury Prevention
Program.
Assist in the enforcement of the Injury Prevention and Safety Program.
Communicating with customers, clients, and authorities on safety related matters.
Assist supervisors/foremen in the investigation of incidents and injuries to identify potential
causes and to initiate corrective measures to sustain a Zero Injury Culture.
Promote near hit reporting and discussion.
Assist supervisors and the Corporate Safety Department during regulatory agency inspections
and investigations.
Prepare and maintain audit and safety reports.
Assist estimators, superintendents, and project managers in determining and implementing
corrective action for various safety, health, and environmental activities (i.e. storm water
pollution prevention plans, hazardous materials management, fugitive dust, visible emissions,
contaminated soils, Hazard Materials Business Plans, etc.).
Assist supervisors, project managers, and estimators in the development and review of a job
hazard analysis for each major phase of work including operations that have not yet been
analyzed.
Assist with the management of injury claims as requested, accompanying injure workers to
medical facilities.
Monitor injury follow up appointments and modified work restrictions.
Maintain a cooperative relationship within the Corporate Safety Department.
Promote a Zero Injury Culture.

G. EMPLOYEES
Employees are responsible for following the safe work practices and procedures established for their
protection, including, but not limited to the following:
Maintaining their own safety and the safety of others around them.
Obeying safety instructions, rules, and regulations.

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 Drive safely and follow jobsite/plant signage.
Using personal protective equipment and safety devices provided or required.
Reporting unsafe conditions or work practices to their supervisor.
Reporting any near hit, incident, or injury immediately to their supervisor.
Being familiar with the Injury Prevention and Safety Program.
Actively participating in toolbox and tailgate safety meetings.
Offering suggestions for improvements to our program.

H. SUBCONTRACTORS
Subcontractors are responsible for providing safe working conditions and procedures for their
employees. Work must be performed in accordance with all the applicable laws and
regulations, the subcontractors Injury and Illness Prevention Program and the specifications
of the prime contract.
Prior to starting any work on any EEI Project, subcontractors must have a written Injury and
Illness Prevention Program. EEI will have access to their program or any other written
programs relevant to subcontractors work, i.e., a fall protection plan, hazard communication
plan, hazardous materials plans, MSDS, etc. The subcontractors Code of Safe Practices and
any related work permits must be present on site when they are performing work.
Subcontractors must inform EEI of any hazardous conditions created by their operations.
All injuries/incidents must be reported immediately to EEI.
Applicable personal protective equipment (hard hats, colored warning garments, proper eye
protection, proper footwear etc.) is mandatory at all times.
Subcontractors will be required to participate in supervisory safety meetings held by EEI
when work within the scope of their subcontract is in progress.
Review and sign required EEI documents.
I. CORPORATE SAFETY DEPARTMENT
The Corporate Safety Department will provide assistance in an advisory capacity and will monitor the
implementation of the Injury Prevention and Safety Program. The Corporate
Safety Departments responsibilities include the following:
Assisting in providing injury/incident prevention training.
Assisting in the investigation of serious injuries and/or incidents.
Assisting during regulatory agency inspections and investigations. Providing technical
assistance with regard to safety, health, or environmental issues.
Responsibility for injury management of worker comp claims.
Work with other departments on minimizing incidences and liability exposures.
Oversight of industrial hygiene and environmental health monitoring.
Assisting all employees and managers with crisis management following significant incidents.
Promote a Zero Injury Culture.
Ensure notification of death or serious incident to OSHC/PMSEA when required.

II. INJURY PREVENTION SAFETY PROGRAM AND COMPLIANCE &

DISCIPLINE PROCESS

A. PROGRAM SCOPE AND APPLICABILITY

To ensure the health and safety of our employees EEI has developed an Injury Prevention and Safety
Program (IP&SP) which provides prevention performance requirements for all operations. This
supports a zero injury culture. The requirements of the Injury Prevention and Safety Program apply
to all employees in all company workplaces. All employees of EEI are responsible for correct work
procedures and maintaining a safe and healthful work environment. We encourage all of our
employees to work safely and productively.

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B. COMPLIANCE & DISCIPLINE PROCESS
If a safety violation occurs, disciplinary action may be required. It is a condition of employment to
follow company safety rules, any applicable governmental regulations (i.e., OSHC, PMSEA, DOT,
and DMV), and other policies as outlined in the Standard Operating Procedures, Administrative
Bulletins, or other disseminated safety and health policies. When evaluating a potential violation,
supervisors should consider the following:
Documented training regarding the specific violation or related policies/procedures;
Timely 1 written statements of witnesses and involved parties regarding the incident/violation;
Determination of supervisory involvement or awareness;
Seriousness of the violation (e.g. non-severe, severe or extremely severe);
Frequency of the employee(s) violation (e.g. initial, previous other safety compliance
warnings, habitual violator of safety protocol procedures);
Circumstances or actions taken by employee related to the violation that reflect intent;
Length of employment with Company
Disciplinary options include:
1. VERBAL COUNSELING/COACHING
2. FIRST NOTICE (Documented Employee acknowledgement on appropriate form)
3. WRITTEN WARNING (with documented employee acknowledgement, on appropriate form
4. SUSPENSION 2 (unpaid time away from work)3 - (documented on the appropriate
Craft/Administrative Personnel Action Notice)
5. DISCHARGE from employment with the company (documented on the appropriate
Craft/Administrative Personnel Action Notice Nothing in this IP&SP compliance and discipline
policy alters in any way the at-will employment relationship of employees not covered by a
collective bargaining agreement. EEI may, in our sole discretion, utilize whatever form of
discipline is deemed appropriate under the circumstances, up to and including, termination of
employment. Disciplinary actions involving suspension or discharge should be coordinated with
the Industrial Relations and/or Human Resources Department.

C. CORRECTING UNSAFE PRACTICES OR CONDITIONS

Unsafe practices or unsafe conditions identified during any inspection will be corrected in a timely
manner based on the severity of the hazard. When an imminent hazard cannot be corrected
immediately, employees except those necessary to correct the conditions will be removed from the
area of the hazard. Appropriate hazard signage will be in place. It is company policy that employees
may not, under any circumstances, subject themselves to a condition posing a significant risk of
injury or occupational illness, or require someone to subject themselves to such a condition. The
company encourages reporting of conditions or work practices without fear of reprisal.

III. INCIDENT INVESTIGATION, REPORTING AND RECORD KEEPING

PROCEDURES
Effective injury and incident prevention depends on the complete investigation of all incidences, even
if there is no injury or damage to property (near hits). All incidences will be investigated by the
immediate supervisor of the operation involved, in accordance with the instructions on the EEI Corp.
Supervisors Report of Employee Injury/Illness (Form #339). Whenever possible photographs of
the incident scene should be taken as part of the investigation and forwarded to the Corporate Risk
Management Department. 2 Suspension should be considered in a range between 310 days,
depending on the factors a review of the incident reveals. 3 Investigatory suspension is also included
in this category.

A. INJURY TO EMPLOYEE

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1. All employees will be instructed and required to report any work connected injury or illness to their
supervisor immediately or at least by the end of the shift, depending on severity.
2. The supervisor of an injured employee will investigate the causes, determine corrective measures,
and submit a Report of Employee Injury/Illness (Form #339) to the Plant/District/Business Unit
Office on the same day the injury occurs.

B. TRANSPORTING INJURED EMPLOYEES

1. In those cases in which an injury or illness occurs on the job, in the course of employment and
medical treatment is required, the employee(s) will be transported to the nearest approved medical
facility. This decision will be made by the Supervisor or Safety Department representative, unless a
life threatening condition exists.
2. The medical facility shall be notified by telephone (prior to the arrival of the emergency vehicle or
company vehicle) so that necessary preparation can be made to properly receive and treat the
injured (or ill) employee. Under no circumstances shall the injured (or ill) employee use his/her
personal vehicle or vehicle belonging to someone else for transportation to a medical facility.
3. A company representative may accompany the employee on trips for medical treatment.

C. MODIFIED WORK DUTY/RESTRICTED WORK DUTY

1. As the result of an occupational injury or illness, any employee who cannot perform one or more
parts of their regularly scheduled job or is not capable of working a complete shift, yet can, in
accordance with restrictions from a competent medical authority, perform productive, limited work
shall be deemed to be on restricted work activity or placed on a modified work duty schedule as
work allows.
2. It is the responsibility of the Supervisor to adequately analyze the job or facility and identify
various positions or jobs determined to be suitable for the employees work restriction.
3. Work restrictions shall be communicated to applicable supervisors. Under no circumstances shall
the employee be allowed to exceed the restrictions.
4. Restricted work activity or modified work schedules shall not be offered to employees suffering
from non-work related injuries which necessitate restricted activities.
5. Employees shall obtain a Return-To-Work notice prior to returning to full duty. This notice will be
given to the Supervisor.
6. In the event an employee will not or cannot return to work in a modified duty capacity, the
Corporate Safety Department will be notified.

D. SERIOUS INJURY, ILLNESS, OR FATALITY

1. Any case involving serious injury, illness or death must be immediately reported by telephone to
the Safety Department and the Risk Management Department at the Corporate Office in Quezon
City at (916) 484-3011. After hours, use the Twenty-Four (24) Hour Emergency Hotline at 1-800-
287-7383.
2. Serious injury or illness, for reporting purposes, includes any injury or illness that requires
hospitalization in excess of twenty-four (24) hours for other than observation, or which results in the
loss of any member of the body, or causes any serious degree of permanent disfigurement. If in
doubt, call the Corporate Safety Department in Quezon City at (916) 484-3011.
3. The scene of any such serious incident should not be disturbed, except for rescue or emergency
purposes, until released by a management official.

E. PROPERTY DAMAGE AND OTHER INCIDENTS

An Incident Report (Form #264) is to be completed for any incident that involves property damage,
fire, and theft, bodily injury to other than a company employee, or other loss or potential claim.
Detailed instructions for completion of this form are within the form. If you have questions, call the
Corporate Risk Management Department or Corporate Safety Department.

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F. POST ACCIDENT/INCIDENT DRUG & ALCOHOL TESTING
The Post Accident/Incident Drug & Alcohol Testing Procedure will be administered uniformly with
respect to all employees of EEI CORP. This includes employees subject to the terms and conditions of
the Unions Collective Bargaining Agreements as well as administrative employees subject to the
Companys Standard Operating Procedures.

G. OSHC LOG OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESS

The Log of Occupational Injuries and Illness, OSHC Form No. 300, will be maintained at each EEI
physical location and audited by the Safety Department. These records are to be preserved for five (5)
years. Guidelines for determining Recordability on an OSHC Log 300 follows. The annual summary
by calendar year shall be posted from February 1 to June 1 the following year.

H. PMSEA MINE ACCIDENT, INJURY AND ILLNESS REPORT

Occupational injuries or illnesses to employees working at mines (quarries and gravel pits) must be
reported to following the applicable regulations. These records are to be preserved at the mine office
for five (5) years.

I. JOB SITE INSPECTIONS AND CORRECTION OF UNSAFE CONDITIONS AND

UNSAFE ACTIONS
Records of the inspections made by supervisors, foremen, and safety personnel to identify and correct
unsafe conditions and unsafe actions will be maintained at the Plant/District/Business Unit Office for
one year. If employees have ideas for improving safety, an Employee Safety Suggestion may be
used and turned in at the Plant/District/Business Unit Office.

J. SAFETY TRAINING RECORDS

The records of safety meetings, toolbox or tailgate meetings, and safety training will be maintained at
the Plant/District/Business Unit Office for one year. After one year, the safety meeting and training
records will be logged and forwarded to storage.
NOTE: IN THE EVENT A PLANT/DISTRICT/BUSINESS UNIT OFFICE IS
CLOSED, ALL OF THE REQUIRED SAFETY INSPECTION, INCIDENT
INVESTIGATION, RECORD KEEPING, AND TRAINING RECORDS MUST BE
TRANSMITTED TO THE CORPORATE SAFETY DEPARTMENT. THESE
DOCUMENTS WILL BE MAINTAINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
APPROPRIATE REGULATIONS.

K. REGULATORY SAFETY INSPECTIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS

1. If any regulatory agency, such as, OSHC, PMSEA, EPA, APCD etc., conducts an inspection of
any job site, the supervisor on the job site will notify the Plant/District/Business Unit Office
immediately. A representative of the Plant/District/Business Unit will call the Corporate Safety
Department at (916) 484-3011.
2. The supervisor at the job site will make detailed notes as the inspection proceeds, these notes
should include:
a. The names of the inspector, agency, and any employees involved.
b. Description of any measurements or photographs taken by the inspector.
c. Any statement made by the inspector.
d. All of the questions on the Regulatory Safety Inspection Report.
e. Whenever possible additional photographs should be taken by a company
representative.

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 3. After the completion of the inspection, the supervisor will complete a Regulatory Safety
Inspection Report and send that report along with the original of any citations issued to the
Corporate Safety Department.

IV. COMMUNICATION WITH EMPLOYEES ON SAFETY AND HEALTH ISSUES

1. EEI CORP. will not use Labor/management safety committee(s) as a method of
communication for compliance with this program.
2. EEI CORP. has long standing tradition of Safety Advisory Committees that assemble at the
discretion of the Business Unit Manager.

A. SAFETY MEETINGS
Safety meetings will be conducted Safety meeting topics may include yet are not limited to:
1. New hazards that have been introduced or discovered in the work place.
2. Code of Safe Practices (COSPs) for the work place.
3. Material Safety Data Sheets on substances in the work place.
4. Review of pertinent information on methods to prevent injuries.
5. Discussion of near hit reports and/or incidents.
6. Any health or safety issue deemed by the Program Administrator or delegate.
3. Safety meetings will be documented and retained for a minimum of one year at the
Plant/District/Business Unit Office.

B. ANONYMOUS NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES

EEI CORP. has a system of anonymous notification where an employee may inform the Company of
a suspected work place hazard by sending a completed Employee Safety Suggestion Form to the
Business Unit/Plant Safety Advisory Committee or Business Unit Manager. Safety suggestions shall
be investigated in a prompt and thorough manner.

C. POSTING
Posting of safety related items shall be done on the companys safety bulletin boards.
Posting may include yet are not limited to:
1. Safety Bulletins
2. Codes of Safe Practices (COSPs)
3. Mla/OSHC 300 log (as required in Title 8, Manila Code of Regulations)
4. Other safety & health related topics

D. TRAINING
The Company has training programs designed to instruct employees on safe work practices and
procedures. Contact your supervisor or Safety representative.

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 Injury Prevention & Safety Program Supplement
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY WRITTEN PROGRAM

A. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................16

B. APPLICATION..................................................................................................16
New Construction................................................................................................16
Examples of New Construction within Our Company........................................16
Permit-Required Confined Space Activities......................................................17
Examples of Permit-Required Confined Space Activities within Our Company..17
Non-Permit Required Confined Space Activities ..............................................17
Examples of Non-Permit Required Confined Spaces within Our Company......17

C. CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS..................................................................18

Atmospheric Hazards............................................................................................18
Atmospheric Testing..........................................................................................19
Safety Hazards .....................................................................................................20

D. REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRY INTO NEW CONSTRUCTION.....21

E. GENERAL REQUIRMENTS FOR PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES.22

F. REQUIRMENTS FOR ENTRY INTO PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED

SPACES ........................................,..................................................................28

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A. INTRODUCTION
Confined spaces often present safety and health hazards to people working within the confined area.
It is important to follow the safe working methods to ensure a safe workplace for employees when
working in confined spaces. This program describes minimum required work practices for preventing
employee exposure to confined space hazards as defined below.
B. APPLICATION
There are currently two sets of regulatory requirements in place:
1. Other Confined Space Operations, e.g. new construction (8 CCR Section 5158); and
2. Permit-required Confined Space activities, e.g. work inside tanks, silos, sewers and pipelines (8
CCR Sections 5156 and 5157). Because our company has both types of activities, it is important to
understand what type of confined space in which we are working.

New Construction
A confined space for New Construction is defined by the existence of both the following conditions:
1. Existing ventilation is insufficient to remove dangerous air contamination, oxygen deficiency or
oxygen enrichment which may exist or develop, and
2. Ready access or egress for the removal of a suddenly disabled employee is difficult due to the
location and/or size of the opening(s). The Confined Space Operating Procedures, Section D, would
need to be followed.

Examples of New Construction Within Our Company

Examples of this type of confined space would be applicable relative to the construction and/or
installation of new underground facilities, e.g. (cast-in-place concrete, no joint pipe), manholes, new
sewer, and water lines which do not connect to existing facilities. Please note, however, that some
local agencies require Permit Required Confined Space Operations for construction activities
related to their sewer, water treatment, etc. facilities. If this is the case, follow the requirements in
Section E of the program. Prior to entry, ask your Construction Superintendent for clarification.

Permit-Required Confined Space Activities

Confined Space:
A confined space is an enclosed area which has the following characteristics:
1. Limited openings for entry or exit;
2. It is large enough and shaped so that workers can perform assigned work;
3. It is not designed for continuous human occupancy.
There are two kinds of confined spaces: permit-required confined spaces and non-permit confined
spaces.
Permit-Required Confined Spaces:
In addition to being a confined space, permit-required confined space has one or more of the
following characteristics:
1. Contains or may contain a hazardous atmosphere such as lack of oxygen or the presence of
toxic vapors;
2. Contains a material that could engulf and entrant. For example, sand in a bunker could shift
and bury a worker;
3. Contains walls of floor that slope inward which might affect the concentration level of
potentially hazardous substances;
4. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard. For employee safety, the
General Requirements as outlines in Section E need to be followed.

Examples of Permit-Required Confined Space Activities within Our Company

Examples of Permit-Required Confined Spaces within Our Company include, yet are not limited to,
construction employees tying into live sewers or manholes; entering silos or storage bunkers at

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aggregate plants; mobile equipment employees welding or cutting within readymix drums or water
tanks/water pulls. In these cases, follow the requirements in Section F.

Non-Permit Required Confined Space Activities

Non-permit Confined Spaces do not contain or, with respect to atmosphere hazards, have the potential
to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

Examples of Non-Permit Required Confined Spaces within Our Company

Non-Permit Confined Space activities include, yet are not limited to, chipping inside readymix drums.
Within construction, some activities are non-permit confined spaces if atmospheric hazards can be
controlled via ventilation. Follow the requirements of Section F.
Please note, however, a non-permit confined space could become a permit-required confined space
due to equipment or process changes. When there is a change in operation, e.g. welding or painting to
a non-permit confined space that might increase the hazards, the space needs to be re-evaluated and
classified as a permit-required confined space if necessary. Verify the space with your supervisor,
Plant Manager Construction Superintendent or Safety Representative. If it is determined the space is
permit-required, understand the requirements in Section E, and follow the steps as stated in Section F.

C. CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS

Atmospheric Hazards
Atmospheric hazards are due to poor ventilation of the confined space. When checking the air in
confined spaces, use the testing and monitoring equipment. There are five main types of atmospheric
hazards which can become unsafe:

1. Oxygen Concentration
Too much or too little oxygen in a confined space can be hazardous. The oxygen level in a confined
space must be between 19.5 percent and 23.5 percent. If the oxygen level falls below 19.5 percent, the
atmosphere is oxygen deficient and asphyxiation could occur. Causes of asphyxiating atmospheres
include materials that absorb the oxygen in the air, chemical reactions that consume the oxygen, gases
that inert the atmosphere and others. If the oxygen level cannot be brought up to an acceptable level, a
self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) must be worn during entry. If the oxygen level reaches
above 23.5 percent, the atmosphere is oxygen enriched and could cause existing combustible
materials to explode if an ignition source is introduced. An ignition source could include sparks from
welding.

2. Flammable Gas, Vapor or Mist

If the atmosphere contains flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of ten (10) percent of its lower
flammable limit (LFL), the atmosphere is not acceptable for entry. LFL means the minimum
concentration of a flammable material which will ignite if an ignition source is present.

3. Toxic Air Contaminants

Toxic air contaminants must be within their permissible exposure limits in a confined space. The most
common toxic gases in permit-required confined spaces are carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide.

4. Airborne Combustible Dust

Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL poses a serious fire or
explosion hazard. An indication of this condition is if the concentration of dust reduces vision to a
distance of five feet or less.

5. Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health

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Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health
(IDLH) is a hazard. IDLH means any condition that is an immediate or delayed threat to life; or that
would cause permanent, negative health effects; or that would interfere with a persons ability to
escape without help from a permit space.

Atmospheric Testing
Atmospheric Testing is required for two distinct purposes:
A. Evaluation of the confined space hazard; and
B. Verification that acceptable atmosphere is present and maintained in New Construction and
Permit Required Confined Spaces.
1. Evaluation Testing
Appropriate testing equipment must be of a type designed sufficiently to specify, identify, and
evaluate any hazardous atmosphere that may exist or arise within the confined space. If you have
questions, contact your Safety Department. At a minimum, testing equipment shall be able to test for:
Oxygen Content
Carbon Monoxide Content
Lower Flammable Levels
NOTE: If there are other hazardous atmospheric conditions not listed on the Confined Space Entry
Permit; contact the Safety Department to assist in determination of minimum acceptable levels.
Working around sewers, for example, air needs to be tested for hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
Testing must be conducted before entry is made to the confined space by using a probe that fits the
monitor. Do not enter the confined space to do initial air testing.

2. Testing Methods
When the atmosphere of the confined space may be expected to be stratified (in layers), testing shall
be conducted at each expected level of stratification (at least every four feet). Be sure the gas monitor
has adequate time to get a response (adequate reading) at each level (stratified layer) in the confined
space. The test equipment probe should normally be placed at a position that will be representative of
the location and atmosphere of the entrant(s) within the confined space.
All people conducting tests shall be familiar with the test instrument and testing procedure as
described in the equipment manufacturers operational manual. If questions arise, contact your Safety
Department.

3. Verification Testing
When authorized entrant(s) are within the confined space, atmospheric testing must be continuously
performed and recorded. Documentation of the test results shall be recorded on the Confined Space
Entry Permit.
Any time atmospheric testing cannot be conducted, (e.g. low battery levels, malfunction of test
equipment, etc.) entrants shall be required to exit the permit space. If at any time test equipment
alarms sound or level indications are above minimum acceptable entry levels, entrants shall be
required to exit the permit space.
The hazardous atmospheric conditions must be reevaluated to determine methods required for safe re-
entry. The Confined Space Entry Permit must also be modified to address the new hazardous
atmospheric condition. The existing permit should be completed and a new Confined Space Entry
Permit filled out which has corrected the identified hazards.

Safety Hazards
Physical hazards include the following:

13
 Engulfment Engulfment can happen when a worker becomes trapped or enveloped, usually by
material in the confined space as it shifts, or gives way. Sand storage at our aggregate plants is such
an example.
Job Functions Job functions can sometimes create hazards in a confined space. In situations
where a work activity could cause the atmosphere to change the air should be continuously
monitored.
Hot Work Hot work activities include welding. Sparks could set fire to any flammable materials
present. The Confined Space Entry Permit needs to reflect the type of activity occurring within the
permit-required confined space. Other hot work activities that could provide an ignition source
including riveting, cutting, burning, and heating.
Mechanical Hazards Some confined spaces may have equipment with mechanical moving parts
that have not been isolated from sources of mechanical or electrical energy. Machinery in these
confined spaces needs to be locked out and tagged if the employee might come in contact with it or
if it could present a hazard. Equipment needs to be properly guarded.
Falls Falls can happen if a ladder is not used correctly, if safety equipment such as harnesses,
clasps, and retrieval lines have not been fastened securely, or if they are not functioning properly.
Inspect the equipment prior to each use to ensure that it is in good working order.
Burns Burns may result from falling or bumping against hot machinery or equipment. Other
sources of burns could include steam chemicals or electrical energy.
Electrocution Electrocution occurs when a worker or the equipment he/she is using comes in
contact with electrical energy that has not been isolated or protected. If you have any questions
regarding these hazards, contact your Supervisor, Plant Manager, Construction Superintendent, or
Safety Representative prior to entering a confined space.

D. REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRY INTO NEW CONSTRUCTION

Note: The following procedures should be followed from the time of tie-in until final ball & flush:

PRE-ENTRY PROCEDURES
1. All lines that may convey dangerous substances into the space will be disconnected, blocked, or
effectively isolated to prevent dangerous air contamination or oxygen deficiency from developing.
This will be done in such a manner that prevents inadvertent reconnection.
2. The space will be emptied, flushed, or otherwise purged of dangerous substance to the extent
feasible.
3. The air within the space will be tested for dangerous air contamination, oxygen deficiency and/or
oxygen enrichment by a qualified person and a written record of such testing will be maintained at
the jobsite for the duration of the work. Use the Confined Space Entry Checklist.
4. When air testing demonstrates that dangerous air contamination, oxygen deficiency and/or oxygen
enrichment does not exist, entry into and work within the space may proceed provided additional
air testing is conducted to ensure that dangerous air contamination, oxygen deficiency and/or
oxygen enrichment does not occur.
5. Adequate ventilation will be maintained while work is in progress.
6. Daily, during the new Construction the plug at the structure shall be checked so that it is still
providing a seal. This can be done visually from above without entry into the structure. However, if
it is suspected that the seal is not intact, then the above listed procedures should be followed to
replace the plug. Once the seal is recognized as being secure, a random check would be performed
to ensure the system is free of air contamination, oxygen deficiency, and/or oxygen enrichment.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY (NEW) CONSTRUCTION

When an atmosphere free of dangerous air contaminants or oxygen deficiency cannot be ensured or
maintained through ventilation, DO NOT enter the space until the following procedures are
addressed:

14
1. Respiratory protection equipment will be provided and worn in accordance with EEIs Respiratory
Protection Program.
2. A safety harness that suspends a person in an upright position, with an attached lifeline will be
used. This lifeline will have at least a 2000-pound breaking strength. If an entry is made through a
top opening, a hoisting device will be provided to lift employees out of the space.
3. At least one employee will stand by outside of the confined space to give assistance in case of an
emergency. At least one additional employee will be within calling distance.
a. The standby employee will be equipped with a self-contained breathing apparatus.
b. Effective communication will be provided between the standby employee and those inside the
confined space.
4. At least one employee trained in CPR will be immediately available whenever respiratory
protective equipment is required.
5. A standby employee may enter a confined space only after alerting an employee outside that
confined space of the standby employees intent to enter the confined space.

E. GENERAL REQUIRMENTS FOR PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES

Before entering a permit space, all of the following conditions shall be met:

1. Training
All people listed on a Confined Space Entry Permit must be trained in the concepts and skills
necessary for the safe performance of duties assigned by this program. Training shall be provided to
every affected person:
a. Before the person is first assigned duties under this program.
b. Before there is a change in assigned duties.
c. Whenever a change in permit space operations presents a hazard in which a person has not
previously been trained.
d. Whenever the company has reason to believe there are deviations from the permit space entry
procedures required by this program or that there are inadequacies in the persons knowledge or use
of these procedures, (e.g. refresher training).
e. Identify rescue procedures and emergency service providers prior to entry into a confined space.
Review of rescue procedures and collaboration with the fire department as appropriate. The training
shall establish the persons proficiency in the duties required by this program and shall introduce
new or revised procedures, as necessary, for compliance with this program. A safety training record
shall be completed for each person at the completion of training.

2. Assignments/Duties or Authorized Entrants, Attendant, Entry Supervisor

Before a Confined Space Entry Permit can be issued the following assignments and duties must be
made and understood by those individuals designated and listed on the
Confined Space Entry Permit:

Authorized Entrants Shall:

a. Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or
symptoms, and consequences of the exposure as identified on the Confined Space Entry Permit and
this program.
b. Properly use equipment as required on the Confined Space Entry Permit and this program.
c. Communicate with the attendant as necessary to enable the attendant to monitor entrant status and
enable the attendant to alert entrant(s) of the need to evacuate the space as required by any hazard
as it may occur.
d. Alert the attendant whenever:
1. The entrant recognizes any warning signs or symptoms of exposure to a dangerous situation, or:
2. The entrant detects a prohibited condition; and

15
 3. Exit from the permit space as quickly as possible whenever:
a. An order to evacuate is given by the attendant of the entry supervisor;
b. The entrant recognizes any warning signs or symptoms of exposure to a dangerous situation;
c. The entrant detects a prohibited condition; or
d. An evacuation alarm is activated.

Attendant Shall:
a. Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode signs or
symptoms, and the consequences of the exposure as found within the Confined Space Entry Permit
and this program.
b. Is aware of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure in authorized entrants.
c. Continuously maintains an accurate count of authorized entrants in the permit space (as identified
within the Confined Space Entry Permit) ensures that the means used to identify authorized entrants
of this program accurately identifies who is in the permit space.
d. Remain outside the permit space during entry operations until relieved by another attendant.
e. Communicate, by the method(s) as listed within the Confined Space Entry Permit, with authorized
entrants as necessary to monitor entrant status and to alert entrant(s) of the need to evacuate as
circumstances may arise.
f. Monitor and record reading of testing device at intervals as stated within the Confined Space Entry
Permit (a minimum of every two hours).
g. Monitor activities inside and outside the space to determine if it is safe for entrants to remain in the
space and order the authorized entrants to evacuate the permit space immediately under any of the
following conditions:
1. If the attendant detects a prohibited condition,
2. If the attendant detects the behavioral effects of hazard exposure in an authorized entrant; or
3. If the attendant cannot effectively and safely perform all the duties required by this program.
h. Summon rescue and other emergency services as soon as the attendant determines that authorized
entrants may need assistance to escape from permit space hazards. At no time may the attendant
enter the confined space unless:
1. There is an emergency and
2. At least one other worker has been notified of the emergency and of the attendants entering the
confined space.
i. Take the following actions when unauthorized persons approach or enter a permit space while entry
is underway:
1. Warn the unauthorized persons that they must stay away from the permitspace;
2. Advise the unauthorized persons that they must exit immediately if they have entered the
permit space;
3. Inform the authorized entrants and the entry supervisor if unauthorized persons have entered
the permit space.
j. Perform no duties that might interfere with the attendants primary duty to monitor and protect the
authorized entrants.

Entry Supervisor Shall:

a. Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs and
symptoms, and consequences of the exposure.
b. Verify, by checking that the appropriate entries have been made on the Confined Space Entry
Permit, that all tests specified by the Confined Space Entry Permit have been conducted, and that
all procedures and equipment specified by the Confined Space Entry Permit are in place before
endorsing the Confined Space Entry Permit and allowing entry to begin.
c. Terminate the entry and cancel the Confined Space Entry Permit when:
1. The entry operations covered by the Confined Space Entry Permit have been completed; or

16
 2. A condition that is not allowed under the Confined Space Entry Permit is discovered in or near
the permit space.
d. The Entry Supervisor shall note any problems encountered relating to this Program and inform the
Safety Representative. Note: Each canceled permit shall be maintained for a period of at least one
year. A copy of the canceled permit shall be reviewed by the Safety Department; any problems on
the permit will be considered in determining revision requirements to this program.

3. Hazards of Permit Spaces Before Entering

Items to be considered before, during and after entering permit spaces should include yet are not
limited to:
Specify acceptable entry conditions:
a. Isolating the permit space. This may require blocking lines, blanking lines and/or
lockout/tagout provisions.
b. Purging, inerting, flushing, or ventilating the permit space as necessary to eliminate or control
atmospheric hazards; and
c. Providing pedestrian, vehicle, or other barriers as necessary to protect entrants from external
hazards; and
d. Verifying that conditions in the permit space are acceptable for entry throughout the duration of
an authorized entry.
Provide and ensure the following equipment is properly maintained and used:
a. Testing and Monitoring Equipment.
b. Ventilation equipment needed to obtain acceptable entry conditions.
c. Communications equipment as required (verbal, radio, hard-wire phone, signal light, etc.).
d. Personal protective equipment as required:
1. Hard hats, eye protection, ear protection, gloves, foot protection, welding hoods, respirators (as
may be required dependent on atmospheric conditions [a good indicator for when respirator
may be required when visibility is poor at a distance of five (5) feet]).
2. Lighting equipment needed to enable people to see well enough to work safely and to exit the
space quickly in an emergency.
3. Barriers and shields as required (pedestrian, vehicular traffic, etc.).
4. Other equipment such as ladders, or other authorized personnel lifting methods needed for safe
entering and exit by authorized entrants.
5. Rescue and retrieval equipment: each authorized entrant must wear a full body harness,
connected to/and tied outside the permit space by a minimally sized , 2000 pound test rope,
unless use of the equipment poses a safety hazard.
6. Any other equipment necessary for safe entry into and rescue from permit spaces.
7. A mechanical device shall be available to retrieve people from vertical type spaces more than 5
feet deep (when the working surface is five feet below the opening, etc.).
8. Outside agency rescue services shall also be identified on the Confined Space Entry Permit.
9. If an injured entrant is exposed to a substance for which a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
is maintained, a copy of the MSDS shall be available to the medical facility treating the
exposed entrant.

4. Attendants
At least one attendant shall be provided outside the permit space. Note: Attendants may be assigned
to monitor more than one permit space provided the duties described in the program can be
effectively performed for each space the is monitored.

5. Outside Sub-Contractors

17
Any outside contractor shall comply with all provisions of this program before entering any permit
space located at any Company operating plants or operations.

6. Confined Space Entry Permit Requirements

Before entry into permit space a complete Confined Space Entry Permit must be signed by the
Supervisor, Plant Manager, or Construction Superintendent. Each line on the permit must be
completed, or addressed, before it is signed.
The Confined Space Entry Permit will identify the following:
a. The permit space to be entered.
b. The purpose of the entry.
c. The date and authorized duration of the entry permit.
d. The authorized entrants within the permit spaces, by name that will enable the attendant to
determine quickly and accurately, for the duration of the permit, which authorized entrants,
are inside the permit space.
e. The personnel, by name, currently serving as attendants.
f. The individual, by name, currently serving as entry supervisor, with a space for the signature
or initials of the entry supervisor and/or the person who originally authorized entry (Plant
Manager, Construction Superintendent, etc.).
g. The hazards of the permit space to be entered.
h. The measures used to isolate the permit space and to eliminate or control permit space
hazards before entry.
i. The acceptable entry conditions.
j. The results of initial and periodic tests performed (atmospheric testing), accompanied by the
names or initials of the testers and by an indication of when the tests were performed.
k. The rescue and emergency services that can be summoned and the means (such as the
equipment to use and the numbers to call) for summoning those services.
l. The communication procedures used by authorized entrants and attendants to maintain
contact during the entry, e.g. the Evacuation Alarm and method of signaling the Evacuation
Alarm.
m. Equipment such as personal protective equipment, testing equipment, communication
equipment, alarm systems and rescue equipment to be provided for compliance with this
program.
n. Any other information whose inclusion is necessary, given the circumstances of the particular
confined space, in order to ensure personal safety.
o. Any additional permits, such as for hot work, that have been issued to authorize work in the
permit space.

F. REQUIRMENTS FOR ENTRY INTO PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED

SPACES
1. Blind, disconnect, or in any other way stop potential contaminants at the source.
2. Flush the space with good fresh outdoor air.
3. Test the air for oxygen content and dangerous air contamination. Testing must be performed
periodically throughout the entry procedure. For each occasion record the findings on the Confined
Space Entry Permit.
4. If oxygen-consuming equipment will be used in the space such as salamanders, welding
equipment, or torches, additional air must be provided through ventilation. In addition, the person
using the equipment will wear a gas monitor. If the space is determined to not contain a dangerous
atmosphere of other hazards, then work may proceed without additional unusual safeguards.

If the space is determined to contain a dangerous atmosphere, the following additional steps
must be taken:

18
1. The entry supervisor approves the work. A Confined Space Entry Permit is completed.
Procedures for completing the work are reviewed with all employees prior to entry.
2. Appropriate respiratory protection is worn by the entrant(s).
3. Employees entering the space wear an approved safety harness with an attached line. The line
must be secured outside the space. When entering through a top opening, (e.g. manholes), a full
body harness must be worn and a hoisting device must be available.
4. At least one other employee (the attendant or standby person) stands immediately outside the
space.
5. Only approved lighting and electrical equipment may be used.
6. The attendant will be trained in First Aid/CPR.
7. Whenever the entrant is in a confined space and may move out of sight of the attendant, a two-
way communication system (e.g. radio) must be established. The system must be tested before
entry into the confined space.
8. At no time may the attendant enter the confined space. In case of emergency, attempt non-entry
rescue with the retrieval equipment.
9. Upon completion of the work, one copy of the Confined Space Entry Permit will be forwarded to
the Plant Manager/Construction Superintendent. One copy will be forwarded to the Safety
Representative for review and audit.

Injury Prevention & Safety Program Supplement:

FALL PREVENTION AND PROTECTION GUIDELINES

19
A.
INTRODUCTION............................................................................
.......................

B. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS........
.............................................................

C. FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND PRACTICES ..

................................
1. Guardrail
Systems.....................................................................................................
2. Safety Net
Systems ...................................................................................................
3. Personal Fall Arrest and
Positioning.........................................................................
4. Controlled Access Zones
(CAZ)...............................................................................
5. Warning Line
System ...............................................................................................
6. Safety Monitoring
Systems.......................................................................................
7. Holes /
Covers...........................................................................................................
8. Fall Protection Plan
Option.......................................................................................
9. Fall Protection Training
Requirements.....................................................................

20
A. INTRODUCTION
1. These guidelines establish the minimum fall prevention and protection requirements for all
employees working at or over six (6) feet above the ground or the next lower level. They contain
requirements for fall protection from structures. For ladders, scaffolds and aerial lifts see those
respective tabs. Fall protection may be required at lower levels if employees are exposed to slips,
trips, or falls.
2. The intent of these guidelines is to prevent employees from falling off, onto or through working
levels and to provide protection from falling objects.
3. The methods found in this guideline are not the only methods by which protection can be
achieved. These guidelines and systems do not provide protection for every situation
encountered in the workplace.
4. When different or unique applications arise, these guidelines can be used for basic information.
If you are not sure or you have a better alternative please, contact your Safety Department
immediately.

B. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1. Determination must be made whether walking/working surfaces can support workers safely. All
required fall protection systems are to be provided and installed before commencing the work
that requires the fall protection.
2. Guardrails shall be provided on all open sides of unenclosed elevated work locations, such as:
roof openings, open and glazed sides of landings, balconies or porches, platforms, runways,
ramps, or working levels more than 30 inches above the floor, ground, or other working areas of
a building. Where overhead clearance prohibits installation of a 42-inch guardrail, a lower rail,
or rails shall be installed. The railings shall be provided with a toe board where the platform,
runway, or ramp is 6 feet or more above places where employees normally work or pass and the
lack of a toeboard could create a hazard from falling tools, material, or equipment.
3. Employees on walking/working surfaces with unprotected sides or edges six (6) feet or higher
above a lower level must be prevented from falling by using a Guardrail System, a Safety Net
System, a Personal Fall Arrest System, or a Positioning Device System. These requirements
apply to all elevated walking and working surfaces, including but not limited to Leading Edges,
Hoist Areas, Holes, the face of Formwork and Reinforcing Steel, Ramps, Runways and
Walkways, areas above or next to Dangerous Equipment, Scaffolding, Roofs, Precast Concrete
Structures, Overhand Bricklaying and Wall Openings, where the hazard of falls is present..50
4/07
4. Each employee at the edge of an excavation six (6) feet or more in depth shall be protected from
falling by guardrail systems, fences, or barricades when the excavations are not readily seen
because of plant growth or other visual barrier.
5. When it is not feasible or creates a greater hazard to install conventional fall protection systems
to protect employees working on a Leading Edge, engaged in Precast Concrete Erection or
Residential Construction, a site specific Fall Protection Plan may be developed and carried out.
6. When fall protection is required on Low Slope Roofs, conventional fall protection systems may
be used alone or in any of the following combinations:

21
 a. Warning lines and guardrails.
b. Warning lines and safety nets.
c. Warning lines and personal fall arrest systems.
d. Warning lines and a safety monitoring system.
On Low Slope Roofs fifty (50) feet or less in width, a Safety Monitoring System may be used
alone.
7. When employees are working below an elevated work area and toeboards do not provide
sufficient protection from falling objects, screens, mesh or canopies must be installed for a
distance sufficient to protect employees below.
8. Where tools, equipment, or materials are piled higher than the top edge of a toeboard, paneling,
or screening must be built from the working/working surface or toeboard to the top of a
guardrail systems top rail or midrail, for a distance sufficient to protect employees below.
9. When canopies are used as falling object protection, they must be strong enough to prevent
collapse and penetration by any objects that may fall onto the canopy.

C. FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND PRACTICES.

1. GUARDRAIL SYSTEMS When used for fall protection, Guardrail Systems must consist of Top
Rails, Midrails, Toeboards, and Posts built or constructed according to the following requirements.
a. The top edge height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, must be forty-two (42)
to forty-five (45) inches above the walking/working level.
b. The midrails must be installed at a height midway between the top edge of the guardrail system
and the walking/working level.
c. The posts must be spaced at eight (8) feet or closer distance..51 4/07
d. The toeboards must be at least three and one-half (3) inches in height and must be installed
within one-half () inch of the walking/working surface.
e. Guardrail systems must be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least two
hundred (200) pounds applied within two (2) inches of the top edge, in any outward or downward
direction at any point along the top edge.
f. Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, and equivalent structural
members must be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least one-hundred fifty
(150) pounds applied in any downward or outward direction at any point along the midrail or
other member.
g. Toeboards must be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least fifty (50) pounds
applied in any downward or outward direction at any point along the toeboard.
h. Guardrail systems must be surfaced as to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or
lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing.
i. The ends of all toprails and midrails must not overhang the terminal post, except where they do
not cause a projection hazard.
j. There are several combinations of materials that may be used to construct guardrail systems.
When constructed according to the height, strength, and spacing requirements outlined above, the
following combinations are acceptable:
1. Wooden guardrails must be made of Selected Grade lumber free of damage. The Top Rails
and Posts must be at least two (2) inches by four (4) inches (nominal). The Midrails must be
at least one (1) inch by six (6) inches.
2. Pipe guardrails must consist of Schedule 40 pipe. The Top Rails, Midrails and Posts must be
at least one and one-half (1) inch nominal diameter.
3. Structural steel guardrails must be made of angle iron. The Top Rails, Midrails and Posts
must be at least two (2) inch by two (2) inch by three-eighths ( 3 /8) inch angles.
4. Wire rope may be substituted for top and midrails, but must be at least one-quarter () inch
nominal diameter or thicker. If wire rope is used for top rails, it must be kept tight enough so

22
 that a two hundred (200)-pound load will not deflect the line to less than thirty-nine (39)
inches above the walking/working surface. Wire rope top rails must also be flagged with
high-visibility material at intervals of not more than six (6) feet.
k. When a guardrail is used in hoisting areas, a chain, gate, or removable guardrail section must be
placed across the access opening when hoisting operations are not taking place.

2. SAFETY NET SYSTEMS When used for fall protection, Safety Net Systems must be installed
or erected according to the following requirements.
a. Safety nets must be installed, moved, altered, or removed under the direct supervision of a
competent person.
b. Safety nets must be installed as close as practicable under the walking/working surface on which
employees are working, but never more than thirty (30) feet below, and the potential fall area to
the net must be unobstructed.
c. Safety nets must extend outward from the outermost projection of the work surface as follows:

VERTICAL DISTANCE FROM MINIMUM REQUIRED HORIZONTAL

WORKING LEVEL TO HORIZONTAL DISTANCE OF OUTER EDGE OF NET
PLANE OF NET FROM THE EDGE OF THE WORKING
SURFACE
Up to 5 feet 8 feet
More than 5 feet up to 10 feet 10 feet
More than 10 feet 13 feet

d. Safety nets must be installed with sufficient clearance under them to prevent contact with the
surface or structures below, when subjected to the drop test.
e. Safety nets and their installation must be drop tested at the jobsite after initial installation and
before being used as a fall protection system, whenever moved, after major repair and at six (6)
month intervals, if left in one place.
f. The drop test must consist of a four hundred (400)-pound bag of sand, thirty (30) (plus or minus
two (2)) inches in diameter dropped into the net from the highest walking/working surface at
which employees are exposed to the fall hazard, but from not less than forty-two (42) inches
above that level.
g. If doing the drop test is unreasonable, a competent person must certify that the net and its
installation will provide sufficient clearance and will absorb an impact force equal to that of the
drop test before the net is used as a fall protection system. The certification must include all of the
following:
a. An identification of the net and its installation,
b. That it was installed correctly,.53 4/07
c. The date of installation,
d. The name and signature of the person making the certification.
A copy of the certification must be maintained at the site location and made available for
inspection.
h. A competent person must inspect safety nets and their components at least once per week for
wear, damage and other deterioration. Additionally, an inspection must be made after any
occurrence that could affect the integrity of the system.
i. The maximum size of each net mesh opening must not exceed thirty-six (36) square inches or be
longer than six (6) inches on any side, and the opening, measured center-to-center of mesh ropes
or webbing, must not be longer than six (6) inches. All mesh crossing must be secured to prevent
enlargement of the openings.
j. Each net must have a border rope for webbing, with a minimum breaking strength of five
thousand (5,000) pounds.

23
 k. Connections between net panels must be as strong as integral net components and must be spaced
not more than six (6) inches apart.
l. Materials, scrap pieces, equipment and tools that have fallen into the system must be removed as
soon as possible and at least before the start of the next shift.

3. PERSONAL FALL ARREST AND POSITIONING DEVICE SYSTEMS

When used for fall protection, Personal Fall Arrest and Positioning Device Systems must be used
according to the following requirements.
a. Body harnesses and all associated attachments must be labeled and meet the requirements in
ANSI Z359.1 - 1992. A body belt must not be used as part of a fall arrest system.
b. Connectors must be drop forged, pressed or formed steel or made of materials of equivalent
strength. They must have corrosion resistant finish and their surfaces and edges must be smooth
to prevent damage to other system components.
c. Dee-rings and snaphooks must have a minimum tensile strength of five thousand (5,000)
pounds. Dee-rings and snaphooks must have been proof tested by the manufacturer to a
minimum tensile load of three thousand six hundred (3,600) pounds without cracking, breaking,
or permanent deformation.
d. Snaphooks must be of the locking type, sized to fit with the member to which they connect and
designed and used to prevent disengagement (rollout).
e. Horizontal lifelines must be designed, installed, and used under the supervision of a qualified
person, as part of a complete personal fall arrest system, which maintains a safety factor of at
least two (2). On work platforms where, because of an accident, a horizontal lifeline may
become vertical, the device (such as a rope grab) used to connect to the lifeline can lock in both
directions.
f. Ropes and straps used in lanyards, lifelines and the strength components of body harnesses must
be made from synthetic fibers. Lanyards and vertical lifelines must be protected against being
cut or abraded and have a minimum breaking strength of five thousand (5,000) pounds. When
vertical lifelines are used, each employee must use a separate lifeline.
g. Self-retracting lifelines and lanyards that automatically limit free fall distance to two (2) feet or
less, must be capable of sustaining a minimum tensile load of three thousand (3,000) pounds
applied to the device with the lifeline or lanyard in the fully extended position.
h. Self-retracting lifelines and lanyards that do not limit free fall distance to two (2) feet or less,
ripstitch lanyards, and tearing and deforming lanyards must be capable of sustaining a minimum
tensile load of five thousand (5,000) pounds applied to the device with the lifeline or lanyard in
the fully extended position.
i. Anchorages used for attachment of personal fall arrest equipment must be independent of any
anchorage being used to support or suspend platforms and capable of supporting at least five
thousand (5,000) pounds per employee attached.
j. Personal fall arrest systems, when stopping a fall, must do all of the following:
1. Limit maximum arresting force on an employee to 1,800 pounds.
2. Be rigged so that an employee cannot free fall more than six (6) feet or contact any lower
level.
3. Bring an employee to a complete stop and limit maximum decelerations distance an
employee travels to three and one-half (3) feet.
4. Have enough strength to withstand twice the potential impact energy of an employee free
falling six (6) feet or the free fall distance allowed by the system, whichever is less.
k. The attachment point of a body harness used for fall protection must be in the center of the back
near shoulder level or above the head.
l. Body harnesses and other fall arrest equipment may never be used for hoisting materials.

24
 m. Fall arrest systems and components subjected to impact loading must be immediately removed
from service and not used until inspected and determined by a competent person to be
undamaged and suitable for service.
n. Rescue plans must be made for a prompt rescue of employees in case of a fall, unless it has been
determined that employees can rescue themselves.
o. Personal fall arrest systems must be inspected before each use, for wear, damage or other
deterioration. Defective components must be removed from service.
p. Personal fall arrest systems must not be attached to guardrail systems.
q. When personal fall arrest systems are used at hoist areas they must be rigged to allow the
movement of the employee only as far as the edge of the walking/working surface.
r. Positioning devices must be rigged such that an employee cannot free fall more than two (2) feet
and secured to an anchorage capable of supporting at least twice the potential impact load of an
employees fall or three thousand (3,000) pounds, whichever is greater.

4. CONTROLLED ACCESS ZONES (CAZ)

a. When Controlled Access Zones (CAZ) are used to control access to areas where Leading Edge,
Precast Concrete Erection or Overhand Bricklaying or related work is taking place, the CAZ must
be defined by a control line or by another means that restricts access.
b. When used to control access to areas where Leading Edge and other operations are taking place,
the control lines are to be erected not less than six (6) feet or more than twenty-five (25) feet from
the unprotected or leading edge, except when erecting precast concrete members.
c. When Erecting Precast Concrete Members, the control line is to be erected not less than six (6)
feet or more than sixty (60) feet, or half the length of the member being erected, whichever is
less, from the leading edge.
d. When used to control access on Leading Edge or Precast Concrete Erection, the control line must
extend along the entire length of the unprotected or leading edge and be approximately parallel to
the unprotected or leading edge and be connected on each side to a guard rail system or wall.
e. When used to control access to areas where Overhand Bricklaying and related work are taking
place, the control lines must be built not less than ten (10) feet or more than fifteen (15) feet from
the working edge.
f. When used to control access to areas where Overhand Bricklaying and related work are taking
place, the control line must extend a sufficient distance to enclose the employees and be
approximately parallel to the working edge.
g. Control lines must consist of ropes, wires, tapes, or equivalent materials with a minimum
breaking strength of two hundred (200) pounds and be rigged and supported so that the line is
between thirty-nine (39) and forty-five (45) inches above the walking/working surface.
h. Control lines must be flagged or otherwise clearly marked with high-visibility materials at
intervals of not more than six (6) feet.

5. WARNING LINE SYSTEM

a. Warning line systems may only be used when employees are engaged in Roofing work on low-
slope roofs.
b. If used, the warning line must be erected around all the unguarded sides of the roof work area.
c. Warning lines must consist of ropes, wires, or chains with a tensile strength of five hundred (500)
pounds supported by stanchions so that the line is between thirty-four (34) and thirty-nine (39)
inches above the walking/working surface. Warning lines must be flagged or otherwise clearly
marked with high-visibility material at intervals of not more than six (6) feet.
d. Warning line stanchions must be built so that they resist, without tipping over, a force of at least
sixteen (16) pounds applied horizontally outward against the stanchion, thirty (30) inches above
the walking/working surface.

25
 e. When mechanical equipment is not used, the warning lines must be erected at least six (6) feet
from the roof edges. If mechanical equipment is used, the warning lines must be at least six (6)
feet from the roof edge that is parallel to the direction of mechanical equipment operation and at
least ten (10) feet from the roof edges perpendicular to the direction of mechanical equipment
operation.
f. Points of access material handling areas, storage areas and hoisting areas must be connected to
the work area by an access path formed by two (2) warning lines. When the path is not in use, it
must be closed with a warning line or barricade or be offset to prevent employees from walking
directly into the work areas.

6. SAFETY MONITORING SYSTEMS

a. Safety monitoring systems may only be used when employees are engaging in roofing activities
on low-slope roofs or as part of a Written Fall Protection Plan.
b. When a safety monitoring system is used, a competent person, capable of recognizing fall
hazards, must be designated as safety monitor.
c. The safety monitors duties include:
1. Warning employees when they are approaching the open edge unsafely.
2. Warning employees if a dangerous situation is developing that cannot be seen by the CAZ
Workers.
3. Making the CAZ Workers aware they are in a dangerous area.
4. Warning employees if they seem unaware of a fall hazard or are acting unsafely.
5. Stopping the work process if he/she is unable to speak with the (CAZ) Workers.
6. The Safety Monitor must not have other responsibilities that could take his/her attention from
these functions.
d. Mechanical equipment may not be used or stored in areas where safety monitoring systems are
being used to monitor employees
e. Employees working in a CAZ must be instructed to comply with fall hazard warnings from
Safety Monitors.

7. HOLES/COVERS
a. Covers for holes in floors, roofs, and other walking/working surfaces must meet the following
requirements:
1. Covers in roadways and vehicular aisles must be capable of supporting, without failure, at
least twice the maximum axle load of the largest vehicle expected to cross over the cover.
2. All other covers must be capable of supporting without failure, at least twice the weight of
employees, equipment, and materials that may be imposed on the cover at anytime.
3. All covers must be secured when installed to prevent accidental displacement by the wind,
equipment, or employees.
4. All covers must be color-coded or must be marked with the word HOLE or COVER to
provide warning of the hazard.

8. FALL PROTECTION PLAN OPTION

a. Fall Protection Plan Option may only be used when employees are engaged in Leading Edge
Work, Precast Concrete Erection Work, or Residential Work and it can demonstrate that it is not
feasible or it creates a greater hazard to use conventional fall protection equipment. Remember,
OSHC considers the use of conventional fall protection systems feasible and believes that they
will not create a greater hazard. If it is decided that a Fall Protection Plan is appropriate, the
decision must be documented.
b. The Fall Protection Plan must be prepared by a qualified person and developed specifically for
the site where the work is being done and the plan must be maintained and up to date. The

26
 following sample Fall Protection Plan may be used as a guideline when preparing a site specific
plan.
c. At a minimum, the Fall Protection Plan must contain the following information:
1. Reasons why conventional fall protection systems are not feasible or would create a greater
hazard.
2. A written discussion of other measures to be taken to reduce or eliminate the fall hazard
(scaffolds, ladders, aerial lift, etc.).
3. Location where conventional fall protection measures cannot be used. These locations must
then be classified as Controlled Access Zones (CAZ).
4. The names or other methods of identifying each employee designated to work in a CAZ.
(Only those designated employees may enter a CAZ.)
5. Where no other alternate measure has been carried out, a safety monitoring system must be
carried out.
d. A copy of the Fall Protection Plan must be maintained at the jobsite whenever conventional fall
protection systems are not being used.
e. The application of the Fall Protection Plan must be under the supervision of a competent person.

9. FALL PROTECTION TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

a. Each employee who might be exposed to fall hazards must be trained by a competent person
qualified in the following areas:
1. The nature of fall hazards in the work area.
2. The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting the fall
protection systems to be used.
3. The use and operation of guardrails, personal fall arrest, safety net warning line, safety
monitoring systems, CAZs and other protection used.
4. The role of each employee in the safety monitoring system when this system is used.
5. The limitations on the use of mechanical equipment during the performance of roofing work
on low-sloped roofs.
6. The correct procedures for handling and storage of equipment and materials and the erection
of overhead protection.
7. The role of employees in fall protection plans.
8. The National and state regulations relating to this program.
b. A written certification record, containing the name of the employee trained, the name of the
person who conducted the training, and the signature of the person who conducted the training
and the date training was completed must be maintained.
c. Retraining must be conducted when it is thought that any affected employee who has already
been trained does not have the understanding and skill required in the training section listed
above, and when changes in the fall protection systems, equipment, or workplace render
previous training obsolete.

LOCK-OUT PROCEDURE

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I. INTRODUCTION
A. This procedure establishes minimum requirements to ensure that machines, equipment, and
energized circuits are isolated from potential energy sources and locked and tagged out before
maintenance or repairs are done.
B. This procedure applies to any operation where failure to lock and tag out a potential energy
source could cause personal injury or damage.

II. ENERGY CONTROL

A. Before employees turn off a machine, equipment, or electrical circuit, the employees must
know the type and magnitude of the energy, the hazards of the energy to be controlled, and the
method or means to control the energy.
B. When identifying potential energy sources, all of the following types should be considered:
1. Electrical energy sources including power panels, transformers, capacitors, batteries, and
generators.
2. Fluid and pneumatic energy sources including high pressure or high temperature lines and
lines that carry caustic or flammable materials.
3. Stored energy sources including suspended loads, hydraulically lifted loads, compressed
energy springs, and equipment that could shift, move or rotate unexpectedly.
Note: This is only a guide to some types of potential energy, not a complete list of all potential
energy sources.
C. The machine, equipment, or electrical circuit must be turned off or shut down using the
procedures established for that machine, equipment, or electrical circuit. An orderly shutdown
must be utilized to avoid any additional or increased hazard(s) to employees because of the
equipment stoppage.
D. All energy isolating devices needed to control the energy to the machine, equipment or
electrical circuit must be located and operated in a way that isolates the machine or equipment
from the energy source(s).
E. After the equipment is de-energized, each affected employee will lock the energy isolating
device in the open position using a multiple locking hasp (i.e., three employees, three locks)
and will retain possession of his/her key to prevent inadvertent re-energizing of the circuit.
Note: Each affected employee should be issued a lock and tag that will identify that employee
as the custodian of that lock and tag. All spare or additional keys must be locked in a box
labeled Lock out keys, authorized personnel only and stored away from the lock out devices.
F. The energy isolation device must then be tagged out as out of service (e.g. DANGER DO
NOT OPERATE, DANGER EMPLOYEES WORKING ON MACHINERY). Tags must be
attached to prevent inadvertent or chance removal. Tag attachments must be of a non-reusable
type, attachable by hand, self-locking, with a minimum unlocking strength of fifty (50)
pounds. All weather nylon cable ties are acceptable tag attachments.
G. Locks and tags must be attached in a way that will hold the energy isolating devices in a safe
or off position.
H. Locks and tags must be attached in a way that will clearly indicate that the operation or
movement of energy isolating devices from the safe or off position is prohibited.
I. Following the attachment of locks and tags to energy isolating devices, all potentially
hazardous stored or residual energy will be relieved, disconnected restrained, and otherwise
rendered safe.
J. If there is a possibility that stored energy could accumulate to a hazardous level, verification of
isolation must be continued until the servicing or maintenance is completed or until the
possibility of stored energy accumulation no longer exists.
K. After machines, equipment or electrical circuits have been locked and tagged out, the machine
or equipment must be test started, to ensure the right energy sources were in fact tagged out,
and any remaining stored energy must be bled off or released in a controlled safe manner.

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III. RELEASE FROM LOCK-OUT AND TAG OUT
1. After maintenance or repairs have been completed the affected area will be inspected to ensure
that tools and nonessential items have been removed, guards have been replaced, and
employees have been notified that the machine, equipment, or electrical circuit is being re-
energized.
2. Each lock and tag must be removed from each energy isolating device by the employee who
applied the device.
Exception: If the employee who applied a lock and a tag is not available to remove them, the
lock and tag may be removed by the supervisor, if the supervisor:
1. Confirms that the employee who applied the lock and tag is not at the facility.
2. Personally informs the employee, before the employee returns to work, that his/her lock and
tag have been removed.

IV. TRAINING FOR LOCK-OUT

A. All employees likely to be assigned tasks involving maintenance or repairs of equipment,
machinery, or electrical circuits will be trained using this procedure before their assignment.
B. Employees will be trained to identify potential energy hazards within systems and job sites
they work on and to properly lock and tag out all devices controlling them.
C. Employees who are or may be in an area where energy control procedures are utilized must be
instructed about the procedure and about the prohibition relating to attempts to restart of re-
energize machines or equipment that are locked or tagged out.
D. Employees will be instructed that compliance with danger, warning, and lock-out tags is
mandatory.
E. Retraining must be provided for all affected employees whenever there is a change in their job
assignments, a change in machines, equipment or processes that present a new hazard, or a
change in these lock and tag out procedures.
F. Retraining must also be conducted whenever a periodic evaluation reveals, or whenever a
supervisor thinks that there are deviations from or inadequacies in the employees knowledge
or use of the energy control procedures.
G. Training and retraining must be documented and certified as being accomplished and current.
The certification must contain each employees name and dates of training.

V. PERIODIC EVALUATION
A. Supervisors responsible for this procedure must conduct a periodic (at least annual) evaluation
to confirm that it is being followed. The evaluation must include:
1. Observation of employees using the lock and tag out procedure.
2. A review of employees responsibilities and correction of any misunderstanding or
misapplication of the procedure.
B. The supervisor must certify that the evaluation has been completed including the following:
1. The machinery, equipment, or energy source on which the energy control procedure was
utilized.
2. The names of all the employees included in the evaluation.
3. The date and location of the evaluation.
4. The evaluators name and position.

29
 Injury Prevention and Safety Program Supplement:
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION PROGRAM

A. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................

B. PROCEDURES FOR SELECTING RESPIRATORS.................................................

C. VOLUNTARY USE OF FILTERING FACEPIECES (DUST MASKS)...................

D. MEDICAL EVALUATION OF EMPLOYEES REQUIRED TO USE

RESPIRATORS.............................................................................................................

E. FIT TESTING PROCEDURES FOR TIGHT-FITTING RESPIRATORS ..............

F. PROCEDURES FOR PROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IN ROUTINE AND

REASONABLE FORESEEABLE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS .........................

G. PROCEDURES AND SCHEDULES FOR CLEANING, DISINFECTING,

STORING, INSPECTING, REPAIRING, DISCARDING, AND OTHERWISE
MAINTAINING RESPIRATORS ................................................................................

H. PROCEDURES TO ENSURE ADEQUATE AIR QUALITY, QUANTITY, AND

FLOW OF BREATHING AIR FOR ATMOSPHERE-SUPPLYING
RESPIRATORS..............................................................................................................

I. TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES IN RESPIRATORY HAZARDS AND THE

PROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS .............................................................................

J. PROCEDURES FOR REGULARLY EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

THE PROGRAM/RECORDKEEPING .......................................................................

30
A. INTRODUCTION
1. This program establishes the minimum requirements for the use of respiratory protective
equipment, including selecting respirators, evaluating the medical condition of respirator users,
fit testing, using respirators, maintaining respirators, ensuring adequate air quality, quantity, and
flow for supplied-air respirators, employee training, and evaluating the effectiveness of this
program.
2. When it is clearly impractical to remove respiratory hazards through engineering controls or
where emergency protection against occasional or brief exposures is necessary, approved
respiratory protective equipment will be issued and used in accordance with this program.
3. These requirements apply to all exposures in which employees are required or allowed to wear
respiratory protective equipment.
4. The Safety Managers are designated as the local program administrator to administer or oversee
the respiratory protection program and conduct the required evaluations of program
effectiveness.

B. PROCEDURES FOR SELECTING RESPIRATORS

1. The classification and extent of the hazard should be verified by air monitoring and evaluation
of potential employee exposure. Prior to the use of Respiratory Protection the Program
Administrator will notify the Corporate Safety Department to verify and coordinate respiratory
usage and air monitoring.
2. Before the selection of respirators, there must be an elevation of the potential respiratory
hazard(s) in the workplace; identify relevant workplace and user factors, and base respirator
selection on these factors. This evaluation should take place during the estimation phase of all
work. The Program Administrator will evaluate where a contaminant is regulated by a
substance-specific standard that requires monitoring (e.g. lead, asbestos, welding). Exposure
monitoring must be done in accordance with OSHC standards. For other contaminants and as
appropriate, personal air monitoring may be conducted or alternatively, object data or
mathematical modeling may be used.
3. Respiratory hazards for the purpose of this program are classified as follows:
Oxygen deficiency
Gas and vapor contaminants
Particulate contaminants
Combinations of any of the hazards listed above
4. The evaluation must include a reasonable estimate of employee exposures to respiratory hazards
and an identification of the contaminants chemical state and the physical form. Where
employee exposure cannot be identified or reasonably estimated, the atmosphere must be
considered to be immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH).
5. An appropriate respirator, certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH), will be selected based on the respiratory hazards to which employees are exposed

31
 and workplace and user factors that affect respirator performance and reliability. Only
respirators certified by NIOSH for use in a particular respiratory hazard will be used.
6. All filters, cartridges, and canisters used in the workplace must be labeled and color-coded with
the NIOSH-certification label and the label may not be removed and must remain legible.
7. Selection of respirators requires consideration of the following factors:
The classification of the hazard
The extent and concentration of the hazard
The duration of potential exposure
The work requirements and conditions
The characteristics and limitations of available respirators
8. The respirator selected must be appropriate for the chemical state and physical form of the
contaminant and must be chosen from a sufficient number of respirator models and sizes so that
the respirator is acceptable to, and correctly fits, the employee.
9. The respirator selected must be adequate to protect the health of the employee and ensure
compliance with all other applicable OSHC statutory and regulatory requirements, under
routine and reasonably foreseeable emergency situations.
10. If the potential respiratory hazards in the workplace are gases and vapors that are not IDLH,
one of the following types of respirators must be provided and used:
a. An atmosphere-supplying respirator.
b. An air-purifying respirator provided that:
1) The respirator is equipped with an end-of-service-life indicator (ESLI) certified by NIOSH
for the contaminant.
2) If there is no ESLI appropriate for conditions in the workplace, the program administrator
will establish and implement a change schedule for canisters and cartridges that is based on
objective information or data that will ensure that canisters and cartridges are changed
before the end of their service life. The program administrator must document and attach to
this respirator program the information and data relied upon and the basis for the canister
and cartridge change schedule and the basis for reliance on the data. The program
administrator may also follow vendor/manufacturers recommendations.
11. If the potential respiratory hazards in the workplace are particulates that are not IDLH, one of
the following types of respirators must be provided and used:
a. An atmosphere-supplying respirator.
b. An air-purifying respirator equipped with a filter certified by NIOSH under 30 CNR Part 11
as a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, or an air-purifying respirator equipped with
a filter certified for particulates by NIOSH under 42 CNR Part 84.
c. For contaminants consisting primarily of particles with mass median aerodynamic diameters
(MMAD) of at least 2 micrometers, an air-purifying respirator equipped with any filter
certified for particulates by NIOSH.

C. VOLUNTARY USE OF FILTERING FACEPEICES (DUST MASKS)

Voluntary use of a filtering facepiece (dust mask) is allowable only after industrial hygiene
monitoring has been performed where the contaminant is regulated by a substancespecified standard
(e.g. lead, asphalt fumes, crystalline silica, etc.). Upon verification of test results, employees may
voluntarily wear the filtering facepiece (dust mask) so long as the following additional basic advisory
information on filtering facepieces (dust masks) is provided.

MANDATORY INFORMATION FOR EMPLOYEES USING FILTERING

FACEPIECES (DUST MASKS)
Respirators are an effective method of protection against designated hazards when properly selected
and worn. Respirator use is encouraged, even when exposures are below the exposure limit, to
provide an additional level of comfort and protection for employees. However, if a respirator is used

32
improperly or not kept clean, the respirator itself can become a hazard. Sometimes, employees may
wear respirators to avoid exposures to hazards, even if the amount of hazardous substance does not
exceed the limits set by OSHC standards. If you choose to wear a respirator for our own comfort you
need to take certain precautions to be sure that the respirator itself does not present a hazard.
You should do the following:
a. Read and heed all instructions provided by the manufacturer on use, maintenance, cleaning and
care, and warnings regarding the respirators limitations.
b. Choose respirators certified for use to protect against the contaminant of concern. NIOSH, the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the PHILIPPINES Department of
Health and human Services, certifies respirators. A label or statement of certification should
appear on the respirator or respirator packaging. It will tell you what the respirator is designed
for and how much it will protect you.
c. Do not wear your respirator into atmospheres containing contaminants against which your
respirator is not designed to protect. For example, a respirator designed to filter dust particles
will not protect you against gases, vapors, or very small solid particles of fumes or smoke.
d. Keep track of your respirator so that you do not mistakenly use someone elses respirator.

D. MEDICAL EVALUATIONS OF EMPLOYEES REQUIRED TO USE RESPIRATORS

1. Using a respirator may place a physiological burden on employees that varies with the type of
respirator worn, the job and workplace conditions in which the respirator is used, and the
medical status of the employee. Accordingly, these are the minimum requirements for medical
evaluation that must be implemented to determine an employees ability to use a respirator
before the employee is fit tested or required or allowed to use the respirator in the workplace. A
medical evaluation must be provided before the initial fit testing and before the respirator is used
for the first time, except for the employees who voluntarily use dust masks.
2. Each Plant/District must select a physician or other licensed health care professional (PLHCP)
to perform medical evaluations. The PLHCP must be provided with a copy of this respiratory
protection program and a copy of the OSHC regulation 8CCR 5144 or 29 CNR 1910.134
Respiratory Protection.
Note: If we replace a PLHCP, we must ensure that the PLHCP receives this information, either
by providing the documents directly to the new PLHCP or having the documents transferred
from the former PLHCP to the new PLHCP. Employees do not need to be medically reevaluated
solely because a new PLHCP has been selected.
3. The PLHCP must perform medical evaluations using an OSHC Respirator Medical Evaluation
Questionnaire or a medical examination that obtains the same information as Sections 1 and 2,
Part A of the OSHC Respirator Medical Evaluation Questionnaire. For construction, OSHC
allows the employer to accept the written medical recommendations of the employees ability to
use a respirator as determined by their pervious employers PLHCP if the work conditions and
type and weight of the respirator remains the same and appropriate for use at the new work site.
In such a situation, EEI must obtain from the previous employer a copy of the PLHCPs written
recommendation.
4. The OSHC Respirator Medical Evaluation Questionnaire and examinations must be
administered confidentially during the employees normal working hours or at a time and place
convenient to the employee. The OSHC Respirator Medical Evaluation Questionnaire must be
administered so that the employee understands its contents. We must provide the employee with
an opportunity to discuss the questionnaire and examination results with the PLHCP.
5. There must be a follow-up medical examination for an employee who gives a positive response
to any question among questions 1 through 8 in Section 2, Part A of the OSHC Respirator
Medical Evaluation Questionnaire, or whose initial medical examination demonstrates the need
for a follow-up medical examination. In addition, there must be a follow-up medical
examination if the employee asks to see a physician or the physician needs to see the worker.

33
 6. The follow-up medical examination will include any medical tests, consultations, or diagnostic
procedures that the PLHCP deems necessary to make a final determination.
7. The following information must be provided to the PLHCP before the PLHCP makes a
recommendation concerning an employees ability to use a respirator:
a. The type and weight of the respirator to be used by the employee
b. The duration and frequency of respirator use (including use for rescue and escape).
c. The expected physical work effort.
d. Additional protective clothing and equipment to be worn.
e. Temperature and humidity extremes that may be encountered.
8. We must obtain a written recommendation regarding the employees ability to use the respirator
from the PLHCP. The recommendation must provide only the following information:
a. Any limitations on respirator use related to the medical condition of the employee, or
relating to the workplace conditions in which the respirator will be used, including whether
or not the employee is medically able to use the respirator. If, for instance, the respirator is a
negative pressure respirator and the PLHCP finds a medical condition that may place the
employees health at increased risk if the respirator is used, we must provide a powered air-
purifying respirator (PAPR) if the PLHCPs medical evaluation finds that the employee can
use such a respirator.
b. The need, if any, for follow-up medical evaluations.
c. A statement that the PLHCP has provided the employee with a copy of the PLHCPs written
recommendation.
9. Additional medical evaluations that comply with these requirements must be provided if any of
the following occur:
a. An employee reports medical signs or symptoms that are related to ability to use a
respirator.
b. A PLHCP, supervisor, or the respirator program administrator determines that an employee
needs to be reevaluated.
c. Information from this respiratory protection program, including observations made during
fit testing and program evaluation, indicates a need for employee reevaluation.
d. A change occurs in workplace conditions (e.g., physical work effort, protective clothing, and
temperature) that may result in a substantial increase in the physiological burden placed on
an employee.

E. FIT TESTING PROCEDURES FOR TIGHT-FITTING RESPIRATORS

1. Before an employee may be required or allowed to use any respirator with a negative or positive
pressure tight-fitting facepiece, the employee must pass an appropriate qualitative fit test
(QLFT) or quantitative fit test (QNFT) with the same make, model, style, and size of respirator
that will be used. A Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT) is a pass/fail fit test to assess the adequacy of
respirator fit by that relies on the individuals response to the test agent. A Quantitative Fit Test
(QNFT) is an assessment of the adequacy of respirator fit by numerically measuring the amount
of leakage into the respirator.
2. An employee using a tight-fitting facepiece respirator must be fit tested before initial use of the
respirator, whenever a different respirator facepiece (size, style, model, or make) is used, and at
least annually thereafter.
3. Additional fit tests must be conducted whenever the employee reports, or the PLHCP,
supervisor, or program administrator makes visual observations of, changes in the employees
physical condition that could affect respirator fit. Such conditions include, but are not limited to,
facial scarring, dental changes, cosmetic surgery, or an obvious change in body weight.
4. If after passing a QLFT or QNFT, the employee subsequently notifies the program
administrator, supervisor, or PLHCP that the fit of the respirator is unacceptable, the employee

34
 will be given a reasonable opportunity to select a different respirator facepiece and to be
retested.
5. The fit test must be administered using an OSHC-accepted QLFT or QNFT protocol. The
OSHC-accepted QLFT and QNFT protocols and procedures are included at the end of this
program.
6. QLFT may only be used to fit test negative pressure air-purifying respirators that must achieve a
fit factor of 100 or less. This is normal for EEI field operations but may not be appropriate for
certain types of confined space entry.
7. If the fit factor, as determined through an OSH-accepted QNFT protocol, is equal to or greater
than 100 for tight-fitting half facepieces, or equal to or greater than 500 for tight-fitting full
facepieces, the QNFT has been passed with that respirator.
8. Fit testing of tight-fitting atmosphere-supplying respirators and tight-fitting PAPRs will be
accomplished by performing quantitative or qualitative fit testing in the negative pressure mode,
regardless of the mode of operation that is used for respiratory protection.
a. Qualitative fit testing of test respirators will be accomplished by temporarily converting the
respirator users actual facepiece into a negative pressure respirator with appropriate filters,
or by using an identical negative pressure air-purifying respirator facepiece with the same
sealing surfaces as a surrogate.
b. Quantitative fit testing of these respirators will be accomplished by modifying the facepiece
to allow sampling inside the facepiece in the breathing zone of the user, midway between the
nose and mount. This requirement will be accomplished by installing a permanent-sampling
probe onto a surrogate facepiece, or by using a sampling adapter designed to temporarily
provide a means of sampling air from inside the facepiece.
c. Any modifications to the respirator facepiece for fit testing will be completely removed, and
the facepiece restored to NIOSH-approved configuration, before that facepiece can be used
in the workplace.

F. PROCEDURES FOR PROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IN ROUTINE AND

REASONABLY FORESEEABLE EMERGENCIES.
1. These requirements include prohibiting conditions that may result in facepiece seal leakage
preventing employees from removing respirators in hazardous environments, and taking actions
to ensure continued effective respirator operation throughout the work shift.
2. Employees may not wear respirators with tight-fitting facepieces if they have:
a. Facial hair that comes between the sealing surface of the facepiece and the face or that
interferes with valve function.
b. Any condition that interferes with the face-to-facepiece seal or valve function.
3. If an employee wears corrective glasses or goggles or other personal protective equipment, that
equipment must be worn in a manner that does not interfere with the seal of the facepiece to the
face of the user.
4. Employees who use a tight-fitting respirator must perform a user seal check to ensure that an
adequate seal is achieved each time the respirator is put on. Either the positive and negative
pressure checks listed below or the respirator manufactures recommended user seal check
method must be used. User seal checks are not substitutes for qualitative or quantitative fit test.
a. To perform a positive pressure check close off the exhalation valve by covering with the
palm of the hand and exhale gently into the facepiece. The face fit is considered satisfactory
if a slight positive pressure can be built up inside the facepiece for ten seconds without any
evidence of outward leakage of air at the seal. For most respirators this method of leak
testing requires the wearer to first remove the exhalation valve cover before closing off the
exhalation valve and then carefully replacing it after the test.
b. To perform a negative pressure check close off the inlet opening of the canister or
cartridge(s) by covering with the palm of the hand(s) or by replacing the filter seal(s) and

35
 inhale gently into the facepiece. The face fit is considered satisfactory if a slight negative
pressure can be built up inside the facepiece for ten seconds without any evidence of
inward leakage of air at the seal.
5. When there is a change in work area conditions or degree of employee exposure or stress that
may affect respirator effectiveness, the program administrator must reevaluate the continued
effectiveness of the respirator.
6. The supervisor or program administrator must ensure that employees leave the respirator use
area:
a. To wash their faces and respirator facepieces as necessary to prevent eye or skin irritation
associated with respirator use.
b. If they detect vapor or gas breakthrough, changes in breathing resistance, or leakage of the
facepiece.
c. To replace the respirator or the filter, cartridge, or canister elements.
7. If the employee detects vapor or gas breakthrough, changes in breathing resistance, or leakage
of the facepiece, the respirator must be replaced or repaired before allowing the employee to
return to the work area.

G. PROCEDURES AND SCHEDULES FOR CLEANING, DISINFECTING,

STORING, INSPECTING REPAIRING, DISCARDING, AND OTHERWISE
MAINTAINING RESPIRATORS
1. Each respirator user will be provided a respirator that is clean, sanitary, and in good working
order. Respirators will be cleaned and disinfected using procedures recommended by the
respirator manufacturer or the following procedures:
a. Remove filters, cartridges, or canisters. Disassemble facepieces by removing speaking
diaphragms, demand and pressure-demand valve assemblies, hoses, or any components
recommended by the manufacturer. Discard or repair any defective parts.
b. Wash components in warm (110 degrees Fahrenheit maximum) water with a mild detergent
or with a cleaner recommended by the manufacturer. A stiff bristle (not wire) brush may be
used to facilitate the removal of dirt.
c. Rinse components thoroughly in clean, warm, preferably running water. Drain.
d. When the cleaner used does not contain a disinfecting agent, respirator components should
be immersed for two minutes in one of the following:
1) Hypochlorite solution (50 ppm of chlorine) made by adding approximately one (1)
milliliter (0.03 ounces) of laundry bleach to one (1) liter (0.264 gallons) of warm water.
2) Aqueous solution of iodine (50 ppm iodine) made by adding approximately 0.8
milliliters (0.027 ounces) of tincture of iodine to one liter (0.264 gallons) of warm
water.
3) Other commercially available cleansers of equivalent disinfectant quality when used as
directed if their use is recommended or approved by the respirator manufacturer.
e. Rinse components thoroughly in clean, warm preferably running water. Drain. The
importance of thorough rinsing cannot be overemphasized. Detergents or disinfectants that
dry on facepieces may result in dermatitis. In addition, some disinfectants may cause
deterioration of rubber or corrosion of metal parts in not completely removed.
f. Components should be hand-dried with a clean lint-free cloth or air-dried.
g. Reassemble facepiece, replacing filters, cartridges, and canisters where necessary.
h. Test the respirator to ensure that all components work properly.
2. The respirators will be cleaned and disinfected at the following intervals:
a. Respirators issued for the exclusive use of an employee will be cleaned and disinfected as
often as necessary to be maintained in a sanitary condition.
b. Respirators maintained for emergency use will be cleaned and disinfected after each use.
c. Respirators used in fit testing and training will be cleaned and disinfected after each use.

36
 3. All respirators will be stored to protect them from damage, contamination, dust, sunlight,
extreme temperatures, excessive moisture, and damaging chemicals, and they will be packed or
stored to prevent deformation of the facepiece and exhalation valve. In addition to the other
storage requirements, emergency respirators will be:
a. Kept accessible to the work area.
b. Stored in containers or covers that are clearly marked as containing emergency respirators.
c. Stored in accordance with any applicable manufacture instructions.
4. Respirators will be inspected periodically by the employee as follows:
a. All respirators used in routine situations will be inspected before each use and during
cleaning.
b. All respirators maintained for use in emergency situations will be inspected at least monthly
and in accordance with the manufactures recommendations, and will be checked for proper
function before and after each use.
c. Emergency escape-only respirators will be inspected before being carried into the workplace
for use.
d. Respirator inspections must include the following:
1) A check of respirator function, tightness of connections, and the condition of the various
parts including, but not limited to, the facepiece, head straps, valves, connecting tube,
and cartridges, canisters or filters.
2) A check of elastomeric parts for pliability and signs of deterioration.
5. Respirators that fail an inspection or are otherwise found to be defective must be removed from
service and discarded or repaired or adjusted in accordance with the following procedures:
a. Repairs or adjustments to respirators are to be made only be persons appropriately trained to
perform such operations and who will use only the respirator manufacturers NIOSH-
approved parts designed for the respirator.
b. Repairs will be made according to the manufacturers recommendations and specifications
for the type and extent of repairs to be performed.
c. Reducing and admission valves, regulators, and alarms will be adjusted or repaired only by
the manufacturer or a technician trained by the manufacturer.

H. PROCEDURES TO ENSURE ADEQUATE AIR QUALITY, QUANTITY, AND

FLOW OF BREATHING AIR FOR ATMOSPHERE-SUPPLYING
RESPIRATORS
1. Compressed air, compressed oxygen, liquid air, and liquid oxygen used for respiration must
meet the following specifications:
a. Compressed and liquid oxygen will meet the Philippines Pharmacopoeia requirements for
medical or breathing oxygen.
b. Compressed breathing air will meet at least the requirements for Type 1- Grade D breathing
air described in ANSI/Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification for Air, G-7-
1989, to include:
1) Oxygen content (v/v) of nineteen and one-half percent (19.5%) to twenty-three and one-
half percent (23.5%).
2) Hydrocarbon content of five (5) milligrams per cubic meter of air or less.
3) Carbon monoxide (CO) content of ten (10) ppm or less.
4) Carbon dioxide content of 1,000 ppm or less.
5) Lack of noticeable odor.
c. Compressed oxygen may not be used in atmosphere-supplying respirators that have
previously used compressed air.
d. Oxygen concentrations greater than 23.5% may only be used in equipment designed for
oxygen service or distribution.
e. Cylinders used to supply breathing air to respirators must meet the following requirements:

37
 1) Be tested and maintained as prescribed in the Shipping Container Specification
Regulations of the Department of Transportation (49 CNR part 173 and part 178).
2) Have a certificate of analysis from the supplier that the breathing air meets the
requirements for Type 1-Grade D breathing air.
3) The moisture content in the cylinder does not exceed a dew point of 50 degrees
Fahrenheit at 1 atmosphere pressure.
f. Compressors used to supply breathing air to respirators are constructed and situated so as to:
1) Prevent entry of contaminated air into the air-supply system.
2) Minimize moisture content so that the dew point at 1 atmosphere pressure is 10 degrees
Fahrenheit below the ambient temperature.
3) Have suitable in-line-purifying sorbent beds and filters to further ensure breathing air
quality. Sorbent beds and filters will be maintained and replaced or refurbished
periodically following the manufacturers instructions.
4) Have a tag containing the most recent change date and the signature of the person
authorized to perform the change. The tag must be maintained at the compressor.
g. For compressors that are not oil-lubricated, the air supply will be monitored at intervals
sufficient to prevent carbon monoxide levels in the breathing air from exceeding 10 ppm.
h. For oil-lubricated compressors, high-temperature and/or carbon monoxide alarm must be
installed in line to monitor carbon monoxide levels. If only high-temperature alarms are
used, the air supply must be monitored at intervals sufficient to prevent carbon monoxide in
the breathing air from exceeding 10 ppm.
i. Breathing air couplings must be equipped with fittings that are incompatible with outlets for
non-respirable worksite air or other gas systems. No asphyxiating substance may be
introduced into breathing airlines.
j. Breathing gas containers must be marked in accordance with NIOSH respirator certification
standard, 42 CNR Part 84.

I. TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES IN RESPIRATORY HAZARDS AND THE

PROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS
1. Effective training must be provided to employees who are required or allowed to use respirators.
The training must be comprehensive, understandable, and repeated annually and more often if
necessary.
2. The training must be conducted so that it is understandable to the employees and must be
completed before requiring or allowing employees to use respirators in the workplace. The
Safety Department is available to assist in this training.
3. The training must ensure that each employee can demonstrate knowledge of at least the
following:
a. Why the respirator is necessary and how improper fit, usage, or maintenance can
compromise the protective effect of the respirator.
b. What the limitations and capabilities of the respirator are.
c. How to use the respirator effectively in emergency situations, including situations in which
the respirator malfunctions.
d. How to inspect, put on and remove, use, and check the seals of the respirator.
e. What the procedures are for maintenance and storage of the respirator.
f. How to recognize medical signs and symptoms that may limit or prevent the effective use
of respirators.
g. The general requirements of this program and the OSHC regulation.
h. Keeping and maintaining the respiratory data use sheet every time the respirator is used.
4. Retraining will be administered annually and when the following situations occur:
a. Changes in the workplace or the type of respirator render previous training obsolete.

38
 b. Inadequacies in the employees knowledge or use of the respirator indicate that the
employee has not retained the necessary level of understanding or skill.
c. Any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary.

J. PROCEDURES FOR REGULARLY EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

THE PROGRAM/RECORDKEEPING
1. The Program Administrator will conduct evaluations of the workplace as necessary to ensure that
the provisions of the current written program are being effectively implemented and continue to
be effective.
2. The Program Administrator will regularly consult employees required to use respirators to assess
the employees views on program effectiveness and to identify any problems. Any problems that
are identified during this assessment must be corrected. Factors to be assessed include, but are not
limited to:
a. Respirator fit (including the ability to use the respirator without interfering with effective
workplace performance).
b. Appropriate respirator selection for the hazards to which the employee is exposed.
c. Proper respirator use under the workplace conditions the employee encounters.
d. Proper respirator maintenance.
3. A written copy of this program is incorporated into EEIs Injury Prevention and Safety Program
and is available to all employees who wish to review it. The Program Administrator will keep
copies of training and fit test records. These records will be updated as new employees are
trained, as existing employees receive refresher training and as new fit tests are conducted. The
Program Administration will also maintain copies of the medical records for employees covered
under the respirator program. The completed medical questionnaire and the physicians
documented findings are confidential and will remain at the medical clinic. The company will
only retain the physicians written recommendation regarding each employees ability to wear a
respirator.

39
 INJURY PREVENTION AND SAFETY PROVISIONS:
Code of Safe Practices

Definition ............................................................................................................................
Access and Ladders.............................................................................................................
Aerial Lifts ..........................................................................................................................
Asbestos Cement (AC) Pipe, Working with .......................................................................
Blasting ...............................................................................................................................
Bloodborne Pathogen..........................................................................................................
Confined Space Introduction ..............................................................................................
Cranes and Hoisting Equipment .........................................................................................
Crane Suspended Personnel Platform Procedure................................................................
Cutting and Welding...........................................................................................................
Education and Training.......................................................................................................
Electrical .............................................................................................................................
Emergencies.
Excavations & Trenches .....................................................................................................
Fall Prevention Introduction ...............................................................................................
Falsework and Elevated Surfaces .......................................................................................
Fire Prevention and Protection............................................................................................
First Aid and Medical Services...........................................................................................
Flagging ..............................................................................................................................
Forklifts
Gasoline Powered Equipment.............................................................................................
General Safety Rules...........................................................................................................
Ground Fault Protection......................................................................................................
Hand and Power Tools........................................................................................................
Hazard Communication ......................................................................................................
Hazardous Waste ................................................................................................................
Health and Physical Requirements ...................................................................................
Heat Illness .
High Voltage Line Clearance..............................................................................................
Housekeeping ..
Impalement Prevention .......................................................................................................
Job Hazard Analysis ...........................................................................................................
Lead....
Lifting
Mobile Equipment ..............................................................................................................
Noise ...
Office Safety .......................................................................................................................
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ................................................................................
Public Protection.................................................................................................................
Rigging ..
Sanitation ............................................................................................................................

40
Scaffolding .
Stationary Machinery and Plant Installations .....................................................................
Traffic Control ....................................................................................................................
Underground Service Alert .................................................................................................
Uniform Hand Signals for Directing Crane Operations .....................................................
Warm-Up & Stretch............................................................................................................
Work Over Water................................................................................................................
Workplace Violence............................................................................................................

DEFINITIONS
The following definitions are provided to assist the users of this manual in understanding and
applying the provisions of the Injury Prevention and Safety Program.

ABRASIVE-BLASTING RESPIRATOR A respirator constructed so that it covers the wearers

head, neck, and shoulders to protect the wearer from rebounding abrasive.

ACCEPTABLE ENTRY CONDITIONS The conditions that must exist in a permit space to allow
entry and to ensure that people involved with a permit space can safely enter into and work within the
space.

ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: an organization of

professional personnel in governmental agencies or educational institutions engaged in occupational
safety and health programs. The ACGIH develops and annually publishes recommended occupational
exposure limits (see TLV) for several hundred chemical substances and physical agents.

ACTUAL SLOPE The slope to which an excavation face is excavated.

ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY TEST Toxicological test performed to determine the systemic
effect of a single ingestion of the test substance.

ACUTE EFFECT An effect which is manifested soon after the exposure. Soon is usually defined
as within 72 hours.

ACUTE INHALATION TOXICITY TEST Toxicological test performed to determine the

systemic effect of one exposure to the airborne test substance.

ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY TEST Toxicological test performed to determine the systemic effect
of a single ingestion of the test substance.

ACUTE TOXICITY The effects resulting from a single dose of, or short exposure to, a substance.

ADHESIVE A material used to bond together dissimilar materials, but which also may be used to
provide characteristics not available in an original material.

AEROSOL A suspension of liquid or solid particles in a gas. Fog and smoke are examples of
natural aerosols; spray paints and deodorants are examples of man-made aerosols.

AFFECTED EMPLOYEE An employee whose job requires him/her to operate or use a machine
or equipment on which cleaning, repairing, servicing, setting-up or adjusting operations are
performed under lock and tag out, who locks and tags out machines or equipment in order to perform

41
cleaning, repairing, servicing, setting-up or adjusting operations or whose job requires him/her to
work in an area in which such activities are being performed.

AIRLESS SPRAYING A coating application technique wherein hydraulic pressure on the paint is
used to force the paint from the spray gun. Although this method generates less overspray than the
compressed air method, in airless spraying the paint moves with enough force that, if the spray is
accidentally directed at someones skin, paint will become injected beneath the skin.

AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATOR A respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister

that removes specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying element.

ALIPHATIC A hydrocarbon characterized by a straight or branched structural arrangement.

Includes paraffins (alkanes), olefins (alkenes), and acetylenes (alkynes). See aromatic.

ALLERGIC REACTION An abnormal physiologic response to a substance. Effects include skin

or respiratory reactions.

ALUMINUM HYDRAULIC SHORING A pre-engineered shoring system comprised of

aluminum hydraulic cylinders (crossbraces) used in conjunction with vertical rails (uprights) or
horizontal rails (walers). Such a system is designed specifically to support the sidewalls of an
excavation and to prevent cave-ins.

ANCHORAGE A secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices.

ANSI American National Standards Institute.

APPEARANCE The color, physical state at room temperature, size of particles, consistency, and
other visually apparent characteristics of a material.

ARCHITECTURAL COATING Though typically only paints are included in this category of
coatings, it is strictly defined as any coating used on interior or exterior building structures and
facades.

AROMATIC A hydrocarbon characterized by a ring-like molecular structure, such as benzene,

toluene, and xylene.

ASPHYXIANT A vapor or gas that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation either by
preventing utilization of oxygen or by displacing the oxygen necessary to support respiration.

ASTM American Society of Testing and Materials: a voluntary membership organization either by
preventing utilization of concerned with standards for material, products, systems, and services.

ATMOSPHERE-SUPPLYING RESPIRATOR A respirator that supplies the respirator user with

breathing air from a source independent of the ambient atmosphere and includes supplied-air
respirators (SARs) and self-contained breathing (SCBA) units.

ATTENDANT An individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces who monitors the
authorized entrants and who performs all attendants duties assigned in the Confined Space Entry
Operating Procedures.

AUTHORIZED Directed or approved by a supervisor.

42
AUTHORIZED ENTRANT Is a person who is authorized by the Company to enter a Permit
Space.

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE The lowest temperature at which a gas or vapor-air mixture

will spontaneously without spark or flame.

BARRIER CREAM A protective skin cream which is intended to prevent dermal exposure.

BENCHING A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating the sides of an

excavation to form one or a series of horizontal steps, usually with vertical or near vertical surfaces
between levels.

BLANKING OR BLINDING The absolute closure of a pipe, line or duct by the fastening of a
solid plate (such as a spectacle blind or a skillet blind) that completely covers the bore and that is
capable of withstanding the maximum pressure of the pipe, line or duct with no leakage beyond the
plate.

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and
can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV)
and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

BODY HARNESS A design of straps that may be secured about the employee to distribute the fall
arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest, and shoulders with means for attaching it to
other components of a personal fall arrest system.

BOILING POINT The temperature, at a given pressure, at which a liquid changes to a vapor state.

BRONCHITIS Inflammation of one or more of the bronchial tubes; commonly characterized by

fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, and coughing.

BUCKLE Any device for holding the body harness closed around the employees body.

CANISTER or CARTRIDGE A container with a filter, sorbent, or catalyst, or combination of

these items, which removes specific contaminants from the air passed through the container.

CARCINOGEN A substance capable of causing cancer.

C.A.S. Chemical Abstracts Service: an organization operated by the American Chemical Society
that indexes information published in Chemical Abstracts and provides index guides by which
information about particular chemicals may be located in the Abstracts.

C.A.S. NUMBER The identifying number assigned to a chemical or product by the Chemical
Abstracts Service.

CATENARY LINE A horizontal safety line secured between two fixed anchorages, independent of
the work surface, to provide fall protection and allow employees to move horizontally.

CAVE-IN The separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an excavation, or the
loss of soil from underneath a trench shield or support system, and its sudden movement into the

43
excavation, either by falling or sliding, in sufficient quantity, so that it could entrap, bury, or
otherwise injure and immobilize a person.

cc cubic centimeter: A volume measurement in the metric system. A cc is equal in capacity to one
milliliter (ml). One quart is 949.4 cc.

CEMENTED SOIL A soil in which the particles are held together by a chemical agent, such as
calcium carbonate, such that a hand-size sample cannot be crushed into powder or individual particles
by finger pressure.

CNR Code of National Regulations.

CLASS A FIRE A fire in ordinary combustible materials, such as, wood, cloth, paper, rubber and
most plastics.

CLASS B FIRE A fire in flammable or combustible liquid gases and greases.

CLASS C FIRE A fire that involves energized electrical equipment.

CLASS D FIRE A fire in combustible metals, such as, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium,
and potassium.

CLEAT (1) a structural block used at the end of a platform to prevent the platform from slipping
off its supports. Cleats are also used to provide footing on sloped surfaces such as crawling boards
and ramps; (2) a ladder crosspiece of rectangular cross section placed on edge upon which a person
may step while ascending or descending a ladder.

CHEMICAL ASPHYXIANT Substances which prevent the body from receiving or utilizing
oxygen; examples are carbon monoxide and cyanide.

CHEMICAL PNEUMONITIS Inflammation of the lungs caused by accumulation of lung liquids

following chemical irritation.

CHRONIC EFFECT An effect which develops over a long period of time, which may be weeks,
months, years, or in the case of some carcinogens decades.

CHRONIC TOXICITY DATA Toxicological information obtained as the result long duration
testing; typically this testing is done on rodents over the majority of their life span.
CNS Central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord.

CNS DEPRESSION An effect of exposure to certain chemicals; symptoms include as the level
of exposure increases giddiness, stupor, coma, and death.

COC Cleveland Open Cup: a flash-point test method.

COHESIVE SOIL Clay (fine grained soil), or soil with a high clay content, which has cohesive
strength. Cohesive soil does not crumble, can be excavated with vertical side slopes and is plastic
when moist. Cohesive soil is hard to break up when dry and exhibits significant cohesion when
submerged. Cohesive soils include clayey silt, sandy clay, clay, and organic clay.

COMBUSTION PRODUCTS Substances produced from the burning of a material.

44
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID A liquid having a flash point of more that 100-degree F and less than
200-degrees F.

COMPETENT PERSON One who can identify existing and predictable hazards in the
surroundings, or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and
who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

COMPRESSED AIR SPRAYING A coating application technique wherein compressed air is used
to force an air stream across the mouth of a small outlet under sufficient pressure to withdraw paint
and propel an air-paint mist from the jet of the spray gun. This method generates a significant amount
of overspray, often filling the air with paint mist.

CONFINED SPACE A space where access or egress for the removal of a disabled employee is
difficult due to the location or size of the opening and existing ventilation is insufficient to remove
dangerous air contamination or oxygen deficiency which may exist or develop.
1) Is large enough and so configured that a person can bodily enter and perform assigned work;
and
2) Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage
bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry); and
3) Is not designed for continuous worker occupancy. (8 CCR Section 5157, Permit-Required
Confined Spaces)

CONJUCTIVITIS Irritation of the conjunctiva, the membrane covering the inside of the eyelid
and the outward facing part of the eyeball.

CONNECTOR A device used to couple (connect) parts of the personal fall arrest system and
positioning device systems together. It may be an independent component of the system, such as a
carabineer, or it may be an integral component of part of the system (such as a buckle or deering sewn
into a body belt or body harness, or a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting
lanyard).

CONSTRUCTION CONFINED SPACE An enclosed space in a construction work place where

existing ventilation is insufficient to remove dangerous air contamination or oxygen deficiency that
may exist or develop. The existence of both of the following conditions: 1) existing ventilation is
insufficient to remove dangerous air contamination and/or oxygen deficiency which may exist or
develop, and 2) ready access or egress for the removal of a suddenly disabled employee is difficult
due to the location and/or size of the opening(s).

CONSTRUCTION WORK PLACE A place where employment exists in connection with the
construction, alteration, painting, repairing, construction maintenance, renovation, removal, or
wrecking of any fixed structure or its parts. The term construction work place does not include bins,
bunkers, hoppers, silos or mixer drums associated with aggregate, asphalt or ready mix plants.

CONTAMINATED The presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other

potentially infectious materials on an item or surface.

CONTAMINATED LAUNDRY Clothing, towels or other materials which has been soiled with
blood or other potentially infectious materials or may contain sharps.

45
CONTAMINATED SHARPS Any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin including, but
not limited to, needles, scalpels, broken glass, broke capillary tubes, and exposed ends of dental
wires.

CONTROLLED ACCESS ZONE (CAZ) An area in which certain work (e.g., leading edge) may
take place without the use of conventional fall protection systems and access to the zone is controlled.

CORROSIVE A liquid or solid which causes visible destruction to human skin at the site of
contact.

CROSSBRACES The horizontal members of a shoring system installed perpendicular to the sides
of the excavation, the ends of which bear against either uprights or wales.

CUTANEOUS Relating to the skin.

DECELERATION DISTANCE The additional vertical distance a falling employee travels, before
stopping, from the point at which the deceleration device begins to operate. It is measured as the
distance between the location of an employees body harness attachment point at the moment of
activation (at the onset of fall arrest forces) of the deceleration device during a fall, and the location
of that attachment point after the employee comes to a full stop.

DEHYDRATING Capable of depleting body fluids or removing moisture from another material.

DEMAND RESPIRATOR An atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits breathing air to the

facepiece only when a negative pressure is created inside the facepiece by inhalation.

DERMAL Relating to the skin.

DERMAL SENSITIZATION An effect of dermal exposure wherein the skin becomes allergic to
the substance. Subsequent exposure to the substance will often produce a strong allergic response.

DERMAL TOXICITY The effects of skin exposure to a substance.

DERMATITIS Inflammation, irritation, or reddening of the skin.

DISTRESS The soil is in a condition where cave-in is imminent or likely to occur. Distress is
evidenced by development of fissures in the face of or adjacent to an open excavation; the subsidence
of the edge of an excavation; the slumping of material from the face or the bulging or heaving of
material from the bottom of an excavation; the spalling of material from the face of an excavation;
and ravelling, i.e., small amounts of material such as pebbles or little clumps of material suddenly
separating from the face of an excavation and trickling or rolling down into the excavation.

DOT Department of Transportation.

DOUBLE CLEAT LADDER A ladder similar in construction to a single cleat ladder, but with a
center rail to allow simultaneous two (2)-way traffic for employees ascending or descending.
DRY SOIL Soil that does not exhibit visible signs of moisture content.

DUST A solid particle generated by a mechanical process such as crushing, grinding, abrasion,
blasting.

46
ELECTRICAL GROUNDING SYSTEM The combination of electrically conductive components
installed to provide a path of low resistance between the load on an electrical circuit and the source.

ELECTRICALLY BONDED Connection of two (2) electrically conductive enclosures to form a

path and reduce the difference of potential between the enclosures.

EMERGENCY SITUATION Any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure,
rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment that may or does result in an uncontrolled
significant release of an airborne contaminant.

EMPLOYEE Every person employed by EEI Corp.

EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE Any exposure to a concentration of an airborne contaminant that
would occur if the employee were not using respiratory protection.

ENCLOSED SPACE A space in a construction work place where access or egress for the removal
of a disabled employee is difficult due to the location or size of the openings.

END-OF-SERVICE-LIFE-INDICATOR (ESLI) A system that warns the respirator user of the

approach of the end of adequate respiratory protection, for example, that the sorbent is approaching
saturation or is no longer effective.

ENERGY ISOLATING DEVICE A mechanical device that physically prevents the transmission
or release of energy, including but not limited to the following: a manually operated electrical circuit
break; a disconnect switch; a manually operated switch in which no pole can be operated
independently; a line valve; a block; and any similar device used to block or isolate energy. Push
buttons, selector switches, and other control circuit type devices are not energy isolating devices.

ENERGY SOURCE Any source of electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, chemical, thermal, or other
energy.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS Controls that isolate or remove the hazard from the work place.

ENGULFMENT The surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided
(flowable) solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory
system or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction or
crushing.

ENTRY The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit space. Entry
includes following work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part
of the entrants body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.

ENTRY PERMIT (permit) The written document that is provided by the entry supervisor to allow
and control entry into a permit space and that contains the information specified in the Confined
Space Entry Operating Procedures.

ENTRY SUPERVISOR The person (such as the foreman or superintendent) responsible for
determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit space where entry is planned, for
authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entry as required by this
program.

47
EPIDEMIOLOGY The field concerned with the determination of specific causes of outbreaks of
disease.

EQUIVALENT Alternative design, materials, or methods to protect against a hazard that can be
demonstrated show will provide an equal or greater degree of safety for employees than the methods,
materials, or designs specified in the standard.

ERYTHEMA Redness of the skin.

EXCAVATION A person-made cut, cavity, trench or depression in an earth surface formed by earth
removal.

EXPLOSIVE Any chemical compound, mixture, or device which can instantaneously release gas
and heat (energy).

EXPLOSIVE (CLASS A) DOT classification for substances which pose a detonating or maximum
explosion hazard.

EXPLOSIVE (CLASS B) DOT classification for substances which can function by rapid
combustion rather that by detonation.

EXPLOSIVE (CLASS C) DOT classification for manufactured articles which contain limited
quantities of Class A or Class B explosives.

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS The range of concentration of a flammable gas or vapor (percent volume in
air) in which explosion can occur if an ignition source is present.

EXPLOSURE LIMIT Maximum airborne concentrations believed to be safe for most individuals.
The TLVs are ACGIH recommended occupational exposure limits. PELs are OSHC mandatory
exposure limits.

EXPOSURE INCIDENT A specific eye, mouth, or other mucous membrane, non-intact skin or
parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the
performance of an employees duties.

FACES OR SIDES The vertical or inclined earth surfaces formed as a result of excavation work.

FAILURE The breakage, displacement, or permanent deformation of a structural member or

connection so as to reduce its structural integrity and its supportive capabilities.

FIBROSIS A condition marked by an abnormal increase in the amount of fibrous connective tissue
in an organ or tissue.

FILTERING FACEPIECE (dust mask) A negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as
an integral part of the facepiece or with the entire facepiece composed of the filtering medium.

FISSURED A soil material that has a tendency to break along definite planes of fracture with little
or resistance or material that exhibits open cracks, such as tension cracks, in an exposed surface.

48
FIT FACTOR A quantitative estimate of the fit of a particular respirator to a specific individual
and typically estimates the ratio of the concentration of a substance in ambient air to its concentration
inside the respirator when worn.

FIT TEST The use of a protocol to qualitatively or quantitatively evaluate the fit of a respirator on
an individual. (See also qualitative fit test QLFT and quantitative fit test QNFT.)

FIXED LADDER A ladder that cannot be easily moved or carried because it is an integral part of a
building or structure.

FLAMMMABLE LIMITS The range of a vapor or gas concentration in air that will burn or
exploded if an ignition source is present.

FLAMMABLE LIQUID As defined by the DOT, a liquid with a flash point below 100 degrees F,
as determined by the closed cup method.

FLASH POINT The temperature at which a liquid releases vapor in concentrations that are
ignitable in the air.

FREE FALL The act of falling before a personal fall arrest system begins to apply force to stop the
fall.

FREE FALLING DISTANCE The vertical displacement of the fall arrest attachment point on the
employees body harness between onset of the fall and just before the system begins to apply force to
arrest the fall. This distance excludes deceleration distance and lifeline/lanyard elongation but
includes any deceleration device slide distance or self-retracting lifeline/lanyard extension before they
operate and fall arrest forces occur.

FUMES A particulate, smoke-like emanation from the surface of heated metals.

GAS Formless fluids that occupy the space of their enclosure and that can be changed to the liquid
or solid state only by the combined effect of increased pressure and decreased temperature.

GLUE A type of water-based natural adhesives. Glues are typically made from animal parts or
fluids and are practically non-toxic, though inedible.

g/kg Grams per kilogram: a metric unit expression of dosage used in toxicological testing to
indicate the grams of substance dosed per kilogram of lab animal body weight.

GRANULAR SOIL Gravel, sand or silt (coarse grained soil) with little or no clay content.
Granular soil has no cohesive strength. Some moist granular soil exhibit apparent cohesion. Granular
soil cannot be molded when moist and crumbles easily when dry.

GROUNDED Connected to the earth or to some conducting body that serves in place of the earth.

GUARDRAIL SYSTEM A vertical barrier, consisting of, but not limited to, toprails, midrails, and
posts, built to prevent employees from falling off a scaffold, platform, or walkway to lower levels.

HAND WASHING FACILITY A facility providing an adequate supply of running potable water,
soap and single use towels or hot air drying machines.

49
HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE An atmosphere that may expose people to the risk of death,
incapacitation, and impairment of ability to self-rescue (that is, escape unaided from a permit space),
injury or acute illness from one or more of the following causes:
1) Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of ten (10) percent of its lower flammable limit
(LFL);
2) Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL.
NOTE: This concentration may be approximated as a condition in which the dust obscures
vision at a distance of five (5) 5 feet;
3) Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5 percent or above 23.5 percent;
4) Atmospheric concentrations for any substance for which a dose or a permissible exposure
limit is published in Subpart G, Occupational Health and Environmental Control in Subpart
Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances of CNR 29 or in 8 CCR Section 5155 for Airborne
Contaminants and which could result in people exposure in excess of its dose or permissible
exposure limit;
5) Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health.
NOTE: For air contaminants for which OSHC has not determined a dose or permissible
exposure limit, other sources of information, such as Material Safety Data Sheets that comply
with the Hazard Communication Standard, published information, can provide guidance in
establishing acceptable atmospheric conditions.

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL A chemical which falls within the specifications of 29 CNR

1910.1200 section (d) (National Hazard Communication Act). Cal-OSHC adds another source of
reference the Directors List of Hazardous Substances to those specified by the National standard.
In addition, if an individual has strong reason to believe that a chemical is hazardous - for instance,
because of wording on a MSDS or label, or because of health effects experienced by users of a
chemical -the chemical must be considered hazardous.

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE A material which by reason of being explosive, flammable,

poisonous, corrosive, oxidizer, irritating or otherwise harmful is likely to cause injury or illness.

HBV Hepatitis B Virus.

HIGH EFFICIENCY PARTICULATE AIR (HEPA) FILTER A filter that is a least

99.97% efficient in removing monodisperse particles of 0.3 micrometers in diameter. The equivalent
NIOSH 42 CNR 84 particulate filters are the N100, R100, and P100 filters.

HIGH-VOLUME, LOW-PRESSURE (HVLP) SPRAY Equipment used to apply coatings by

means of a gun which operates between 0.1 and 10 psig air pressure.

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

HOLE A gap or void two (2) inches or more in its least dimension, in a floor, roof, or other
walking/working surface.

HOT WORK PERMIT The written authorization to perform operations (e.g. riveting, welding,
cutting, burning and heating) capable of providing a source of ignition.

HYDROCARBONS Organic compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen. The major
chemical industry sources of hydrocarbons are petroleum, natural gas, and coal.

IDLH See IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH

50
IGNITION SOURCE Anything that provides heat, sparks, or flame sufficient to cause combustion
or explosion.

IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH (IDLH) Any condition that poses an

immediate or delayed threat to life or that would cause irreversible adverse health effects or that
would impair an individuals ability to escape unaided from a dangerous atmosphere or space.

INCIDENT The unintentional or unplanned event that has the potential to cause injuries, damage
property or result in the loss of otherwise productive time.

INCOMPATIBLE Materials which may cause dangerous reactions from direct contact.

INERTING The displacement of the atmosphere in a permit space by noncombustible gas

(such as nitrogen) to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is noncombustible. NOTE: This
procedure produces an IDLH oxygen-deficient atmosphere.

INFEASIBLE Doing the construction work using a conventional fall protection system is
impossible (i.e., guardrail system, safety net system, or personal fall arrest system) or using any one
of these systems to provide fall protection is technologically impossible.

INGESTION The taking in of a substance through the mouth into the body (gastrointestinal tract).

INHALATION The drawing of a substance into the body (lungs) through the nose or mouth and
breathing passage.

INHIBITOR A substance that is added to another substance to prevent an unwanted chemical

reaction from occurring.

IRRITANT A substance that will cause an inflammatory response or reaction of the eye, skin, or
respiratory system.

ISOLATED The process by which a permit space is removed from service and completely
protected against the release of energy and material into the space by such means as: blanking or
blinding; misaligning or removing sections of lines, pipes, or ducts; a double block and bleed system;
lockout or tagout of all sources of energy; or blocking or disconnecting all mechanical linkages.

JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS The systematic evaluation of job tasks to identify the potential hazards
and appropriate controls necessary to reduce or eliminate the hazards.

JOB-MADE LADDER A ladder fabricated by employees, typically at the construction site,

and not commercially manufactured.

Kg Kilogram: a metric unit of weight equaling 2.20 pounds. 1000 grams equal 1 kilogram.

l Liter: a metric unit of volume; 1liter equals 1.06 quarts.

LACQUER A coating which dries by evaporation of a volatile solvent, leaving behind a hard, dry,
protective film. The solvent is usually ethyl alcohol, toluene, xylene, or butyl acetate. The film is
typically an ester, acrylic, polyurethane, vinyl, or other material which makes up 20-30% of the
original mixture, the remainder being solvent.

51
LANDING A platform installed at the end of a ladder to provide a safe location for employees to
step off the ladder.

LANYARD A flexible line, not longer than six feet, used to secure the wearer of a safety belt or
harness to a lifeline, catenary line, or fixed anchorage.

LAYERED SYSTEM Two (2) or more distinctly different soil or rock types arranged in layers.
Micaceous (occurring in thin plates or scales) seams or weakened planes in rock or shale are
considered micaceous.

LC(50) Lethal concentration 50: the concentration of a material in air, which, during laboratory
tests, is found to kill 50% of a group of lab test animals when administered in a single exposure
(usually 1 or 4 hours in duration).

LD(50) Lethal dose 50: a single dose of material which, during laboratory tests, is found to kill 50%
of a group of test animals. The material may be administered by mouth (oral) or applied to the skin
(dermal or cutaneous).

LEADING EDGE The edge of a floor, roof, or formwork for a floor or other walking/working
surface (such as the deck) that changes location as additional floor, roof, decking, or formwork
sections are placed, formed, or constructed. A leading edge is considered an unprotected side and
edge during periods when it is not actively and continuously under construction.

LEL or LFL Lower explosive limit or lower flammable limit: the concentration of a vapor or gas in
air (usually expressed in percent by volume) below which propagation of a flame will not occur in the
presence of an ignition source.
LIFELINE A component consisting of a flexible line for connection to an anchorage at one end to
hang vertically (a vertical lifeline) or for connection to anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally
(a horizontal lifeline), which serves for connecting other components of a personal fall arrest system
to the anchorage.
LINE BREAKING The intentional opening of a pipe, line, or duct that is or has been carrying
flammable, corrosive, or toxic material, an inert gas, or any fluid at a volume, pressure or temperature
capable of causing injury.

LOCAL EXHAUST A system for capturing and removing airborne contaminants (gases, vapors,
fumes, particulates) at the point at which they are released.

LOCK AND TAG OUT The placement of a lock or lock out device and a tag indicating that the
energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled may not be operated until the lock or lock
out device and tag are removed, ensuring that the energy isolating device and the equipment being
controlled cannot be operated until the lock or lock out device is removed.

LOCK OUT DEVICE A device that utilizes a positive means, such as a lock or multiple locking
hasp, to hold an energy isolating device in a safe position and prevent the energizing of a machine or
equipment.

LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT The lowest concentration of a combustible gas or vapor that will
support combustion in air.

52
LOWER LEVELS Those areas below the level where the employee can fall. Such areas include
ground levels, floors, roofs, ramps, runways, excavations, pits, tanks, material, water, equipment, and
similar surfaces. (It does not include the surface from which the employee falls.)

LOW-SLOPE ROOF A roof having a slope less than or equal to four in twelve (4:12) (vertical to
horizontal).

m Cubic meter: a metric unit of volume; 1 cubic meter is equal to 35.3 cubic feet.

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE SLOPE The steepest incline of an excavation face that is acceptable
for the most favorable site conditions as protection against cave-ins, and is expressed as the ratio of
horizontal distance to vertical rise (H:V).

MAXIMUM INTENDED LOAD The total load of all persons, equipment, tools, materials,
transmitted loads, and other loads anticipated being applied to a ladder component, scaffold, or
scaffold component anytime.

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT All motor or human propelled wheeled equipment used for
roofing work, except wheelbarrows and mop-carts.

MELTING POINT The temperature at which a solid substance changes to the liquid state.

mg Milligram: a metric unit of weight; there are 1000 milligrams in 1 gram.

mg/kg Milligrams per kilogram: an expression of toxicological dose.

mg/m 3 Milligrams per cubic meter: a means of expressing the airborne concentration of a chemical
(particulate, gas, vapor, fume).

MIST Suspended liquid droplets in the air.

MIXTURE A combination of two or more substances that may be separated by mechanical means.
The components may not be uniformly dispersed.

ml Milliliter: a metric unit of volume. There are 1000 milliliters in 1 liter. Also 1 teaspoon is
approximately equal to 5 ml.

mm Hg Millimeters of mercury: A unit of measurement for pressure or partial vacuum, which is

equal to the height of a column of mercury that the atmosphere will support.

MOIST SOIL A condition in which a soil looks and feels damp. Moist cohesive soil can easily be
shaped into a ball and rolled into small diameter threads before crumbling.

PMSEA Philippine Mine Safety and Environment Association, Department of Labor.

MUCOUS MEMBRANE Mucous-secreting membrane lining the hollow organs of the body; for
example, the nose, mouth, stomach, intestines, bronchial tubes, and urinary track.

MUTAGEN A substance or agent capable of altering the genetic material of a living cell.

NA or N.A. Not applicable.

53
ND or N.D. Not determined.

NEGATIVE PRESSURE RESPIRATOR (Tight Fitting) A respirator in which the air pressure
inside the facepiece is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient air pressure outside the
respirator.

NEUTRALIZE To render chemically neutral or harmless.

NEW EMPLOYEE An individual with less than 30 days of experience with the company or the
job assignment.

NIOSH The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health of the Public Health Service,
Philippine Department of Health and Human Services assists OSHC and PMSEA in occupational
health and safety investigations and research.

NON-PERMIT CONFINED SPACE A Confined Space that does not contain or, with respect to
atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious
physical harm.

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane, or

parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the
performance of an employees duties.

OLFACTORY Pertaining to the sense of smell.

OPEN SIDES AND ENDS The edges of a scaffold or platform that are more than fourteen (14)
inches away horizontally from a sturdy, continuous, vertical surface (such as a building wall) or a
sturdy, continuous horizontal surface (such as a floor), or a point of access.

OPENING A gap or void thirty (30) inches or more high and eighteen (18) inches or more wide, in
a wall or partition, through which employees can fall to a lower level.

ORAL LD50 Oral lethal dose 50: the concentration of a substance orally administered by mouth
that will produce death in 50 percent of the animals tested.

ORGANIC LIQUIDS Liquid chemicals composed of carbon and other elements.

OTHER POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS MATERIALS The following human body fluids:

semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid,
peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental procedures, any other body fluid that is visibly
contaminated with blood.

OVERHAND BRICKLAYING AND RELATED WORK The process of laying bricks and
masonry units such that the surface of the wall to be jointed is on the opposite side of the wall from
the mason, requiring the mason to lean over the wall to complete the work. Related work includes
mason tending and electrical installation incorporated into the brick wall during the overhand
bricklaying process.

OXIDIZER A substance that yields oxygen readily to stimulate the combustion (oxidation) of
organic matter.

54
OXYGEN DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERE An atmosphere containing less that 19.5 percent oxygen
by volume.

OXYGEN ENRICHED ATMOSPHERE An atmosphere containing more than 23.5 percent

oxygen by volume.

PARENTERAL Piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needle-
sticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions.

PARTICULATE Small pieces of airborne matter. Dusts, fumes, smokes, mists, and fogs are
examples of particulates.

PEL Permissible exposure limit: an occupational exposure limit established by OSHC. May be a
time-weighted average (TWA) limit or a maximum concentration exposure limit.

PERCENT (%) VOLATILE The percentage of a liquid or solid (by volume) that will evaporate at
an ambient temperature of 70 degrees Fahrenheit (or another temperature, if stated).

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT The maximum concentration of a hazardous substance to

which an individual may be exposed.
PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE (Permit Space) A confined space with one or more
of the following characteristics:
1) Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;
2) Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant;
3) Has an internal form such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly
converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section;
or
4) Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.

PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE PROGRAM The overall program for controlling

and, where appropriate, for protecting employees from permit space hazards and for regulating
employee entry into permit spaces.

PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEM A system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a
working level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, body harness and may include a lanyard,
deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these. The use of a body belt for fall arrest
is prohibited.

PHYSICIAN OR OTHER LICENSED HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL (PLHCP) An

individual whose legally permitted scope of practice (i.e., license, registration, or certification) allows
him or her to independently provide of be delegated the responsibility to provide, some or all of the
health came services required by the Respiratory Protection Program.

PLASTIC A property of a soil which allows the soil to be deformed or molded without cracking or
appreciable volume change.

PLATFORM - A work surface elevated above lower levels.

PMCC Pensky-Martens Closed Cup: a flash point test method.

55
PNEUMONITIS Inflammation of the lungs.

POLYMER A high-molecular weight material formed by chemically joining together 5 or more

identical combining units called monomers.

POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs or PNAs) Organic compounds

usually composed of 3 or more aromatic rings. Some of these compounds have been determined to
cause cancer.

PORTABLE LADDER A ladder that can be readily moved or carried.

POSITIONING DEVICE SYSTEM A body belt or body harness system rigged to allow an
employee to be supported on an elevated vertical surface, such as a wall, and work with both hands
free while leaning back against the belt or harness.

POSITIVE PRESSURE RESPIRATOR A respirator in which the pressure inside the respiratory
inlet covering exceeds the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.

POWERED AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATOR (PAPR) An air-purifying respirator that uses a

blower to force the ambient air through air-purifying elements to the inlet covering.

ppb Parts per billion.

ppm Parts per million. TLVs and PELs are expressed either in ppm or mg per cubic meter.

PRECURSOR Chemicals which, when airborne, react with sunlight to form photochemical smog.

PRESSURE DEMAND RESPIRATOR A positive pressure atmosphere-supplying respirator that

admits breathing air to the facepiece when the positive pressure is reduced inside the facepiece by
inhalation.

PROHIBITED CONDITION Any condition in a permit space that is not allowed by the permit
during the period when entry is authorized.

PROTECTIVE SYSTEM A method of protective employees from cave-ins, from material that
could fall or roll from an excavation face or into an excavation, or from the collapse of adjacent
structures. Protective systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems
and other systems that provide the necessary support.

PULMONARY EDEMA An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissue and air spaces of the
lungs.

PUTTY A mixture of chalk (calcium carbonate) and approximately 15% linseed oil. Pigments are
often added and white lead has traditionally been the pigment of choice, although in recent years less
toxic pigments have been more commonly used.

PYROLYSIS The breaking apart of complex molecules into simpler units by the use of heat.

QUALIFIED PERSON A person who by possession of a recognized degree, certificate,

professional standing, extensive knowledge, training, and experience has successfully demonstrated
his/her ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, work or project.

56
QUALITATIVE FIT TEST (QLFT) A pass/fail fit test to assess the adequacy of respirator fit that
relies on the individuals response to the test agent.

QUANTITATIVE FIT TEST (QNFT) An assessment of the adequacy of respirator fit by

numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator.

RAMP An inclined walking or working surface that is used to gain access to one point from
another, and is constructed from earth or from structural material such as steel or wood.

REACTIVITY The tendency of a substance to undergo a chemical change with a release of energy.

REBAR CAPS Manufactured devices that completely cover the exposed ends of reinforcing steel
and have flat or mushroomed surfaces at least twice the diameter of the reinforcing steel they are
designed to cover.

REBAR COVERS Manufactured or job-built apparatus designed to cover exposed ends of

reinforcing steel or other similar projections so as to prevent impalement.

REBAR TROUGHS Manufactured or job-built protective covers designed to cover exposed ends
of reinforcing steel or other projections so as to prevent impalement. Troughs are long narrow open
receptacles, usually boxlike in shape.

REDUCING AGENT In an oxidation-reduction reaction, the reducing agent is the material that is
oxidized or is responsible for the reduction.

REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER A person who is registered as a professional

engineer in the state where the work is being performed. However, a professional engineer, registered
in any state is deemed to be a registered professional engineer within the meaning of this standard
when approving designs for manufactured protective systems or tabulated data to be used in
interstate commerce.

REGULATED WASTE Liquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially infectious materials

(OPIM); contaminated items that would release blood or OPIM in a liquid or semi-liquid state if
compressed; items that are caked with dried blood or OPIM and are capable of releasing these
materials during handling.

REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY DATA Information developed from toxicological tests concerning

changes in reproductive functions of animals.

RESCUE SERVICE The agency to be called to assist personnel in rescue operations of people
within permit spaces who are unable to self-rescue due to location, injury, or acute illness.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM The breathing system; includes the lungs and air passages plus the
associated nervous and circulatory systems.

RETRIEVAL SYSTEM The equipment (including a retrieval line, chest or full-body harness,
wristlets, if appropriate, and a lifting device or anchor) used for non-entry rescue of persons from
permit spaces.

57
ROOF The exterior surface on the top of a building. This does not include floors or formwork that,
because a building has not been completed, or temporarily become the top surface of a building.

ROOFING WORK The hoisting, storage, application, and removal of roofing materials and
equipment, including related insulation, sheet metal, and vapor barrier work but not including the
construction of the roof deck.

ROPE GRAB A deceleration device that travels on a lifeline and automatically, by friction,
engages the lifeline and locks to arrest the fall of an employee. A rope grab usually employs the
principle of inertial locking, cam/level locking, or both.

ROSIN Used in paints, adhesives, and varnishes; derived from pine trees.

RTECS Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances: a compendium of toxicity data extracted
from scientific literature. Inclusion of data in RTECS does not mean endorsement; that is, the data has
not been reviewed for validity.

SAFETY FACTOR The ratio of the ultimate breaking strength of a member or piece of material or
equipment to the actual working stress or safe load when in use.

SAFETY-MONITORING SYSTEM A safety system in which a competent person is responsible

for recognizing and warning employees of fall hazards.
SATURATED SOIL A soil in which the voids between the particles are filled with water.
Saturation does not require flow. Saturation, or near saturation, is necessary for the proper use of
instruments such as a pocket penetrometer or sheer vane.

SCAFFOLD Any temporary elevated platform (supported or suspended) and its supporting
structure (including points of anchorage) used for supporting employees or materials or both.

SCAFFOLD GRADE LUMBER Douglas fir graded for scaffold plank use under standards as
high as those followed by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau or by the Western Wood
Products Association as suitable for a bending stress of at least 1,910 pounds per square inch (psi).

SELECTED GRADE LUMBER Douglas fir graded under standards as high as those followed by
the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau or by the Western Wood Products Association suitable for
a bending stress of 1,500 pounds per square inch (psi).

SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA) An atmosphere-supplying respirator

for which the breathing air source is designed to be carried by the user.

SELF-RETRACTING LIFELINE/LANYARD A deceleration device containing a drum wound

line that can be slowly extracted from, or retracted, onto the drum under slight tension during normal
employee movement that after the onset of a fall, automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall.

SENSITIZER A substance which, on first exposure, causes little or no reaction but which, on
subsequent exposure(s) may cause a marked response (an allergic reaction). Skin sensitization is the
most common variety, although respiratory sensitization does occur.

SERVICE LIFE The period of time that a respirator, filter or sorbent, or other respiratory
equipment provides adequate protection to the wearer.

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SETA Setaflash Closed Tester: a flash point test method.

SHEETING The members of a shoring system that retain the earth in position and in turn are
supported by other members of the shoring system.

SHIELD A structure that is able to withstand the forces imposed on it by a cave-in and thereby
protect employees within the structure. Shields can be permanent structures or can be designed to be
portable and moved along as the work progresses. Shields can be premanufactured job-build in
accordance with the Excavation and Trenching Program. Shields used in trenches are usually
referred to as trench boxes or trench shields.

SHORING A structure such as a metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber shoring system that
supports the sides of an excavation and which is designed to prevent cave-ins.

SHORT TERM EXPOSURE A period of time less than or equal to twenty-four (24) hours that an
excavation is open.

SIDES See FACES.

SIMPLE ASPHYXIANT A substance that can, when present in high concentration, cause
suffocation by displacing the oxygen necessary to support respiration.

SINGLE CLEAT LADDER A ladder consisting of a pair of side rails connected by cleats, rungs
or steps.

SKIN A designation following the listing of substance in the ACGIH TLV list. It denotes the
potential for skin absorption, in addition to the respiratory route of entry.

SLOPING A method of protecting employees from cave-ins by excavating to form sides of an

excavation that are inclined away from the excavation so as to prevent cave-ins. The angle of incline
required to prevent a cave-in varies with differences in such factors as the soil type, environmental
conditions of exposure and application of surcharge loads.

SNAPHOOK A connector consisting of a hook-shaped member with a normally closed keeper or

similar arrangement that may be opened to allow the hook to receive an object and when released
automatically closes to retain the object.

SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM A method of categorizing soil and rock deposits in a

hierarchy of Stable Rock, Type A, Type B, and Type C, in decreasing order of stability. The categories
are determined based on an analysis of the properties and performance characteristics of the deposits
and the environmental conditions of exposure.

SOLUBILITY IN WATER The percentage of material (by weight) that will dissolve in water at a
specified temperature.
Negligible <0.1%
slight 0.1 to 1.0%
moderate >1.0 to 10%
appreciable >10%
complete soluble in all proportions

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SOLUTION Uniformly dispersed mixture. All solutions are composed of a solvent (water or other
fluid) and he dissolved substance, called the solute.

SOURCE INDIVIDUAL Any individual, living or dead, whose blood or other potentially
infectious materials may be a source of occupational hazard to the employee.

SPECIFIC GRAVITY The ratio of the weight of a volume of material to the weight of an equal
volume of water, usually at 60 degrees F, unless otherwise specified.

STABLE ROCK Natural solid mineral material that can be excavated with vertical sides and will
remain intact while exposed. Unstable rock is considered to be stable when the rock material on the
side or sides of the excavation is secured against caving-in or movement by rock-bolts or by another
protective system that has been designed by a registered professional engineer.

STANDARD GUARDRAIL A barrier consisting of a top rail forty-two (42) to forty-five (45)
inches in height, a midrail and toeboard secured to uprights spaced at intervals of eight (8) feet or
less.

STEEP ROOF A roof having a slope greater than four in twelve (4:12) (vertical to horizontal).

STEL Short term exposure limit: see TLV-STEL

STRUCTURAL RAMP A ramp built of steel or wood, usually for vehicle access. Ramps made of
soil or rock are not considered structural ramps.

SUBMERGED SOIL Soil which is underwater or free seeping.

SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATOR (SAR) or AIRLINE RESPIRATOR An atmosphere supplying

respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user.

SUPPORT SYSTEM A structure such as unpinning, bracing or shoring which provides support to
an adjacent structure, underground installation or the sides of an excavation.

SYSTEMIC TOXICITY Adverse effects produced by a substance which affect the body in general
rather than targeting the tissue at the point of exposure (point of entry into the body).

TABULATED DATA Tables and charts approved by a registered professional engineer and used to
design and construct a protective system.

TCC Tagliabue Closed Cup: a flash point test method. TERATOGEN A substance which, upon
the exposure of the parent, causes teratogenic changes, that is, malformations in the appearance or
function of the fetus.

TESTING The process by which the hazards that may confront entrants of a permit space are
identified and evaluated.

TIGHT-FITTING FACEPIECE A respiratory inlet covering that forms a complete seal with the
face.

TIME-WEIGHTED AVERAGE (TWA) A term used to describe the average airborne

concentration of a substance during a specific period of time. For instance, air sampling results might

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indicate that the average airborne concentration of a chemical during the 8 hour period monitored was
100 parts per million; it would then be said that the 8 hour TWA was 100 ppm.

TLV Threshold Limit Value: a term used by the ACGIH to express the airborne concentration of a
material to which nearly all persons can be exposed 8 hours per day, 40 hour per week, for an
extended period of time without experiencing adverse effects.

TLV-C Ceiling exposure limit: the airborne concentration that should not be exceeded at any time.
TLV-STEL Short term exposure limit: the 15 minute time-weighted average exposure which should
not be exceeded at any time during the work day even if the 8 hour TWA is within the TLV.
Exposures at the STEL should not be repeated more that 4 times per day and there should be least 60
minutes between successive exposures at the STEL.

TOC Tagliabue Open Cup: a flash point test method.

TOEBOARD - A low protective barrier that will prevent the fall of materials and equipment to lower
levels.

TOXICITY The quality of producing harm (injury, illness).

TOXICOLOGY The science which studies the harmful effects of chemical and physical agents on
biological systems.

TRADE NAME The trademark or commercial name of the product.

TRANSFER EFFICIENCY The ratio of the amount of coating solids adhering to the object being
coated to the total amount of coating solids used in the application process, expressed as a percentage.

TRANSIENT Short in duration.

TRENCH A narrow excavation (in relation to its length) made below the surface of the ground. In
general, the depth is greater than the width, but the width of a trench (measured at the bottom) is not
greater than fifteen (15) feet. If forms or other structures are installed so as to reduce the dimensions
measured from the forms or structure to the side of the excavation to fifteen (15) feet or less, the
excavation is considered a trench.

TRENCH BOX See SHIELD.

TRENCH SHIELD See SHIELD.

TYPE A SOIL Cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 ton per square foot
(tsf) or greater. Examples of cohesive soils are clay, silty clay, sandy clay, clay loam, and in some
cases, silty clay loam and sandy clay loam. Cemented soils such as caliche and hard pan are also
considered Type A. However, no soil is considered Type A if:
1) The soil is fissured; or
2) The soil is subject to vibration from heavy traffic, pile driving or similar effects; or
3) The soil has been previously disturbed; or
4) The soil is part of a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into the excavation on a
slope of four horizontal to one vertical (4H:1V) or greater; or
5) The material is subject to other factors that would require it to be classified as a less stable
material.

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TYPE B SOIL 1. Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive strength greater than 0.5 tsf but
less than 1.5 tsf; or, 2. Granular cohesionless soils including: angular gravel (similar to crushed rock),
silt, silt loam, sandy loam and in some cases, silty clay loam and sandy clay loam; or, 3. Previously
disturbed soil except those which would otherwise be classed as Type C soil; or, 4. Soil that meets the
unconfined compressive strength or cementation requirements for Type A, but is fissured or subject to
vibration; or, 5. Dry rock that is not stable; or, 6. Material that is part of a sloped, layered system
where the layers dip into the excavation on a slope less steep than four horizontal to one vertical
(4H:1V), but only if the material would otherwise be classified as Type B.

TYPE C SOIL 1. Cohesive soil with an unconfined compressive strength of 0.5 tsf or less; or,
Granular soils including gravel, sand, and loamy sand; or, 3. Submerged soil or soil from which water
is freely seeping; or 4. Submerged rock that is not stable; or, 5. Material in a sloped, layered system
where the layers dip into the excavation or a slope of four horizontal to one vertical (4H:1V) or
steeper.

UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH The load per unit are at which a soil will fail in
compression. It can be determined by laboratory testing, or estimated in the field using a pocket
penetrometer, by thumb penetration, and other methods.

UNPROTECTED SIDES AND EDGES Any side or edge (except at entrances to points of access)
of a walking/working surface six (6) feet or higher above where there is no guardrail system, safety
net system or personal fall arrest system. UNSTABLE Tending toward decomposition or other
unwanted chemical change.
UNSTABLE OBJECTS Items whose strength, configuration, or lack of stability may allow them
to become dislocated and shift and therefore may not properly support the loads imposed on them.

UN NUMBER Numerical designation for transportation hazard: UN = United Nations.

UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (UEL) or UPPER FLAMABLE LIMIT (UFL) The highest
concentration of a flammable vapor or gas in air (usually expressed in percent by volume) above
which propagation of a flame will not occur in the presence of an ignition source.

UPRIGHTS The vertical members of a trench shoring system placed in contact with the earth and
usually positioned so that individual members do not contact each other. Uprights placed so that
individual members are closely spaced, in contact with or interconnected to each other, are often
called sheeting.

USER SEAL CHECK An action conducted by the respirator user to determine if the respirator is
properly seated to the face.

VAPOR The gaseous form of a substance which is normally (at standard pressure and temperature)
a liquid or solid.

VAPOR PRESURE The pressure (usually expressed in mm of Hg (mercury)) characteristic at any

given temperature of a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid form. The higher the vapor
pressure of a chemical, the more volatile it is.

VARNISH A material used to coat interior woodwork, floors, and furniture, as well as for the
exterior of buildings and boats. Varnishes are composed of a vegetable oil and a solvent, or of a resin
and a solvent, or a combination of these. In many ways varnishes are similar to paints, but they do not

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contain a pigment. Solvents commonly present include methanol, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, and
methyl isobutyl ketone. Thinners such as naphtha or mineral spirits may also be present. Additionally,
varnishes often include drying agents, such as cobalt or lead naphthenate.

VISCOSITY The resistance of a fluid to flow.

VOLATILE ORRGANIC COMPOUD (VOC) Any organic compound which participates in

atmospheric photochemical reactions. As relevant to coating use, this would include any organic
compound emitted during use, application, curing, or drying of a solvent or surface coating. Organic
compounds with negligible photochemical reactivity are excluded from the grouping, including
several compounds (methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and chlorofluorocarbons) commonly
found in coatings.

VOLATILITY The tendency of a solid or liquid to become a vapor.

WALES Horizontal members of a shoring system placed parallel to the excavation face whose
sides bear against the vertical member of the shoring system or the earth.

WALKING/WORKING SURFACE Any surface, whether horizontal or vertical on which an

employee walks or works including, but not limited to, scaffolds, platforms, floors, roofs, ramps,
bridges, runways, formwork and concrete reinforcing steel on which employees walk or stand to do
their jobs but not including vehicles or trailers on which employees must be located in order to
perform their job duties.

WARNING LINE SYSTEM A barrier built on a low-slope roof to warn employees that they are
approaching an unprotected roof side or edge, which designates an area in which roofing work may
take place without the use of conventional fall protection systems.

WET SOIL Soil that contains significantly more moisture than moist soil, but in such a range of
values that cohesive material will slump or begin to flow when vibrated. Granular material that would
exhibit cohesive properties when moist soil will lose those cohesive properties when wet.

WORK AREA That portion of a walking/working surface where job duties are being performed.

WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the
manner in which a task is performed.

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 ACCESS AND LADDERS

General
1. Safe means of access will be provided to all work areas, and all such ramps, stairways,
walkways, and aisles will be kept clear of tripping and slipping hazards.
2. Ladders will be of proper size, design, and condition for the intended use and will not be used
as work platforms. Ladders with bent, broken, or damaged rungs or side rails will be removed
from service.
3. Metal ladders will not be used whenever there is exposure to electrical or explosive hazards.
4. Ladders will be placed on a substantial footing. Portable ladders will extend at least thirty-six
(36) inches above the top landing. Fixed ladders will extend at least forty-two (42) inches
above the top landing.

Job-Made
1. Job-made ladders will be constructed and maintained according to the applicable Regional or
National regulations. If a job-made ladder provides the only means of access to a work area for
twenty-five (25) or more employees, or if simultaneous two-way traffic is expected, a double
cleat ladder will be installed.
2. Side rails of job-made ladders must be constructed of dressed selected grade lumber, or the
equivalent, and must not have knots, except an occasional one less than one-half ()-inch in
diameter that appears only on the wide face and is at least one-half ()-inch back from either
edge. If splicing of side rails is necessary to attain the required length, the splice must develop
the full strength of a continuous side rail of the same length.
3. Side rails of single cleat ladders up to sixteen (16) feet long must be two (2)-inch by four (4)-
inch lumber. Side rails of single cleat ladders from sixteen (16) to thirty (30) feet in length
must be three (3)-inch by six (6)-inch lumber.
4. Side rails and middle rails of double cleat ladders up to twelve (12) feet long must be two (2)-
inch by four (4)-inch lumber. Side rails and middle rails of double cleat ladders from twelve to
twenty-four feet in length must be two (2)-inch by six (6)-inch lumber.
5. Cleats of job-made ladders must be clear, straight-grained, and absolutely free from knots of
any size that appear in the narrow face. Knots appearing in the wide faces of cleats must not
exceed a diameter of one-quarter ()-inch. Cleats must be uniformly spaced within one-
quarter ()-inch tolerance, and not farther apart than twelve (12) inches measured from tops of
cleats.
6. Cleats of job-make ladders must be inset into the edge of the side rails inch, or fill blocks
must be used on the rails between the cleats. The cleats must be secured to each rail with three
(3) 10d common wire nails or other fasteners of equivalent strength. Double-head nails must
not be used for ladder construction.
7. Single cleat ladders must be at least fifteen (15) inches, but not more than twenty (20) inches,
between rails. Double cleat ladders must be at least eighteen (18) inches, but not more than
twenty-two (22) inches, between rails.

Maximum Length
1. Single cleat ladders will not exceed thirty (30) feet in length between the base and top
landing. Double cleat ladders will not exceed twenty-four (24) feet in length between the base
and top landing. If the length required exceeds these maximum lengths, two or more separate
ladders will be used, offset with a landing or platform between each ladder.

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Portable Ladders
1. Portable ladders must extend at least thirty-six inches above the top landing or be secured at
the top and equipped with a grab-rail. Fixed ladders must extend at least forty-two (42) inches
above the top of access.
2. All portable ladders must be placed on substantial footing and be tied, blocked, or otherwise
secured to prevent their being displaced.
3. Extension ladders must not exceed forty-four (44) feet in length when extended. When
extended, the ladder sections must have the following minimum overlaps:
a. Two-Section Ladders. 3 feet for working lengths up to 33 feet 4 feet for working lengths
33 to 44 feet
b. Three-Section Ladders. 4 feet for each section

Training
1. Each employee using ladders must be trained, by a competent person, to recognize hazards
related to ladders and must know the procedures to be followed to reduce these hazards. The
training must include, if applicable, the following areas:
a. The nature of fall hazards in the work area.
b. The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, and disassembling the fall protection
systems to be used.
c. The proper construction, use, placement and care in handling of ladders.
d. The maximum intended load-carrying capacities of ladders.
e. The National and Regional regulations relating to this program.
2. Retraining must be conducted when any affected employee already trained does not have the
understanding and skill required in the training section listed above and when changes in the
workplace render previous training obsolete.

AERIAL LIFTS

1. All aerial lifts including extendable boom platforms, articulating boom platforms, vehicle mounted
aerial ladders and vehicle mounted vertical towers will be used according to the manufacturers
recommendations. The boom and basket load limits specified by the manufacturer must not be
exceeded.
2. Extendable and articulating boom platforms, designed as personnel carriers, must have both upper
and lower controls. All controls must be plainly marked to identify their function. The lower
controls will be capable of overriding the upper controls.
3. The lift controls on extendable and articulating boom platforms will be tested before use each day
to determine that they are in safe working conditions.
4. When working from an aerial lift, employees will wear a body harness and a lanyard attached to
the boom or basket. The lanyard must never be attached to any other structure or equipment while
the employee is in the aerial lift.
5. Employees must always stand on the floor of the basket and may not sit or climb on the edge or rail
of the basket. Planks, ladders or other devices may not be used as a work platform inside an aerial
lift basket.
6. When outriggers are used, they will be positioned on pads or a solid surface. Wheel chocks will be
used when operating an aerial lift on an inclined surface.

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7. Aerial lifts will not be moved with employees in an elevated basket, unless the aerial lift was
specifically designed for that type of operation.
8. Only authorized employees may operate an aerial lift.
9. Each employee who works while on an aerial lift must be trained, by a qualified person, to
recognize and control or reduce the hazards associated with the use of the type of aerial lift being
used. The training must include, if applicable, all the following information:
The nature of the hazards in the work area.
The correct procedures for dealing with those hazards
The proper use of the lift and the proper handling of materials of the lift.
The maximum intended load and the load-carrying capacities of the lift.
Any other pertinent job information or requirements.

ASBESTOS CEMENT (AC) PIPE

Following are answers to commonly asked questions when encountering Asbestos Cement (AC) pipe:

What is AC pipe and what are the hazards?

AC pipe is a cementitious product that contains asbestos. It has historically and is currently used in
underground construction activities because of its durability. AC pipe typically contains between
twenty and thirty percent (20 - 30%) asbestos, consisting of primarily chrysotile asbestos but often
containing some crocidolite asbestos as well. Other types of asbestos (amosite, tremolite, actinolite,
and anthophyllite) are rarely but sometimes present in AC pipe.
Note: There are some newer look-alike pipe materials that do not contain asbestos, however, in the
absence of reliable documentation (e.g., bills of sale, installation records, testing records); suspect
pipe should be assumed to contain asbestos.
The asbestos fibers in AC pipe are encapsulated or bound within the cement and are therefore not
readily released from intact pipe. However, if the pipe is cut, abraded, crushed, or otherwise handled
so that the cement matrix is disturbed, asbestos fibers may be released.
Asbestos is a hazard when fibers become airborne and may be inhaled. Excessive exposure to
airborne asbestos can cause three types of respiratory disease: asbestosis (a progressive scarring of the
lungs), lung cancer, and mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lung and/or gut/abdomen cavity).
These diseases are primarily associated with long-term high level exposures but the cancers can occur
from relatively low exposures in some individuals.

What are the general requirements for working with AC pipe?

Generally, employers who will be handling 100 square feet or more of surface area of asbestos
containing material1 at a single jobsite must apply for and obtain a registration from Mla/OSHC.
Title 8, Manila Code of Regulations (CCR) 341.6(a). Employers must also report to Mla/OSHC
any use of AC pipe which could potentially result in employee exposure to asbestos. Title 8, CCR
5203 identifies two types of uses which must be reported; use in a regulated area [Title 8, CCR
5203(c)(1)] (including all class I, II, and III asbestos work) and use of materials containing a
concentration of at least one-tenth of one percent (1/10 of 1%) (by weight) of asbestos. Removal of
AC pipe falls into this second use category.
All AC pipe contractors must comply with application requirements of Title 8, CCR 1529
(Asbestos). In addition, written notification to the local air pollution control/air quality management
district regarding removal/disposal of AC pipe may be required; local agency requirements can be
accessed through the Manila Air Resources Board.

What are the general qualifications for working with AC pipe?

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To be qualified to perform AC pipe work in Manila, contractors must maintain current asbestos
registration with the division of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), OR comply with ONE of
the following;
Limit AC pipe work to small quantities (less than 100 square feet of pipe 1 per jobsite) and
train supervisors and workers per Mla/OSHC asbestos-in-construction regulations 2 , OR
Train supervisors and workers per Mla/OSHC asbestos-in-construction regulations 2 , under a
DOSH-approved AC Pipe Training Program.

Is EEI Corp. qualified to work with AC pipe?

The short answer is: Yes, with certain limitations. Currently, we do not hold DOSH registration for
asbestos-related work. Therefore, we can perform limited AC pipe work if we comply with the
regulatory requirements for non-registered contractors (as summarized above) but we cannot
perform AC pipe work where the quantity of pipe is equal to or greater than one hundred (100) square
feet of surface area per jobsite. In addition, we can subcontract with qualified contractors to handle,
install, remove, and/or dispose of AC pipe. We can also request that the owner hire a qualified
contractor.

What should we do if AC pipe is specified or encountered on the job?

The following steps should be taken:
If AC pipe is encountered on the job, suspend or limit work in the area until the location,
quantity, and condition of the AC pipe can be assessed.
Determine whether less than or greater than 100 square feet of AC pipe must be disturbed,
whether appropriately trained supervisors/workers and approved equipment/materials are
available for completion of the work.
Notes: Appropriately trained supervisors and workers are those who have been trained within
the last year under a Mla/OSHC-approved AC Pipe Training Program. Approved equipment
and materials are those recommended for control of asbestos exposure by the American Water
Works Association and specified under the AC Pipe Training Program.
Determine whether contractual language and insurance coverage allows us to perform or
subcontract the work. Contact our Risk Management Department for assistance.
Consult with the owner to determine whether the work will be performed by EEI, EEIs
subcontractor or the owners contractor.
If EEI will do the work, use only qualified supervisors/workers and approved
equipment/materials, limit AC pipe work to that which meets the definition of AC Pipe
Operations under the AC Pipe Training Program, and comply with all applicable regulatory
requirements (see question #7).

If AC pipe is subcontracted, what are our responsibilities?

In addition to contractual requirements, we are required under Mla/OSHC asbestos regulations
(Title 8 CCR 1529) to ensure the proper performance of the work by the asbestos subcontractor.
General contractors have general supervisory authority over asbestos subcontractors and must
evaluate and require compliance with the Mla/OSHC standard. This requires familiarity with the
proper procedures and work practices that should be utilized and periodic inspection of the jobsite to
evaluate the methods being used. If our employees are working in areas adjacent to the asbestos work,
inspections must be conducted daily.

What are the jobsite requirements for AC pipe work under Mla/OSHC?
Mla/OSHC has established a comprehensive standard for asbestos (Title 8 CCR 1529), including
worker exposure limits for airborne asbestos. These include a permissible exposure limit of 0.1
fiber/cc (fibers per cubic centimeter of air) for an 8-hour time-weighted average exposure and an
excursion limit of 1 fiber/cc for a 30-minute peak exposure period. The Mla/OSHC standard

67
specifies minimum requirements (e.g., training, wet methods, exposure monitoring) for all asbestos
work. For operations without a completed negative exposure assessment (confirmation of low
exposure levels through air monitoring) and/or that result in airborne exposure above permissible
exposure limits, other control measures apply. The asbestos standard includes the following
requirements:
Make sure that supervisors and workers are properly trained and equipped for the work, and use
the work practices specified in the AC Pipe Training Program, i.e., those determined by the
American Water Works Association to be effective in controlling worker exposures to airborne
asbestos during AC pipe work.
Conduct initial and periodic air monitoring to assess and document worker exposures levels, for
comparison to Mla/OSHC permissible exposure limits.
Pending a negative exposure assessment or if air monitoring indicates elevated worker
exposures (above Mla/OSHC exposure limits), implement full control measures including use
of a regulated area, competent person respirators, disposable coveralls, etc.
Inspect AC pipe work daily to ensure use of approved work practices and procedures.
Package and label all asbestos-containing waste per Mla/OSHC requirements. Transport and
dispose of asbestos-containing waste per Regional and local requirements (see below).

What are the proper disposal methods fore AC pipe waste?

It is important to use a DTSC registered hazardous waste hauler in dealing with AC pipe.
A friable material is one that can be crushed or pulverized by hand pressure (and that may thereby
more readily release fibers). Intact AC pipe is considered non-friable and so would be considered
non-hazardous asbestos waste. However, some waste generated by AC pipe work (e.g., dust and
debris from cutting work) may be friable. Special handling and disposal is required for both non-
friable / non-hazardous and friable / hazardous asbestos waste.
Materials containing friable asbestos at one percent (1%) or greater are considered hazardous
asbestos waste by the Manila Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC), and must be
accompanied by a hazardous waste manifest form, transported by a DTSC-registered hauler and
disposed in a Class III asbestos landfill.
Non-friable waste such as AC pipe may become friable under some conditions (e.g., during handling
at the landfill). Therefore, local air quality regulations require disposal of non-hazardous AC pipe
waste at a Class III landfill as well. Transportation and disposal of non-hazardous asbestos waste
should be documented on a non-hazardous waste manifest form provided by the transporter or
landfill.

Is EEI qualified to transport AC pipe and/or asbestos waste?

The answer, again, is Yes, with some limitations. EEI can transport properly packaged and labeled
AC pipe (for recycling) and AC pipe waste (for disposal) if it is non-hazardous (non friable).
We must subcontract with a DTSC-registered hazardous waste hauler for transportation of
hazardous (friable) asbestos waste.

BLASTING

1. National, Regional and local blasting and explosives permits will be obtained prior to the
transportation, handling, storage, and use of explosives or blasting agents.
2. National, Regional and local regulations relative to the transportation, storage, and use of
explosives or blasting agents will be followed closely and the required records of inventory and
use will be maintained at the jobsite.

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3. The transportation, storage, and use of explosives or blasting agents will always be under the
supervision of a blaster qualified and experienced in their intended use, and possessing the
appropriate blasters permit or license.
4. Careful selection of the blasting materials to be used will be made with the manufacturers
assistance, giving primary consideration to such factors as extraneous electrical currents
(particularly electrical storms), fire and heat hazards, flyrock hazards, proximity of buildings,
storage, and transportation and any other particular loading and firing hazards.
5. Magazines will be located in accordance with American Table of Distances for Storage of
Explosives. Accurate and current inventory sheets are to be maintained at each magazine showing
every magazine transaction.
6. Explosives will only be transported between the magazine and the blast by an approved vehicle
specifically assigned and equipped for that purpose, and not carrying any other material, tools,
equipment, or personnel, other than a helper.
7. The blaster will determine that the area is clear of all persons, equipment, and excess blasting
materials before shooting. The following audible warning signals will be used for all blasting
operations:
WARNING SIGNAL a one minute series of long signals five minutes before the blast
BLASTING SIGNAL a series of short signals one minute before the blast
ALL-CLEAR SIGNAL one long signal after a complete inspection of the blast area.
8. After fumes and dust have cleared (at least five minutes for surface blasting, fifteen (15) minutes in
tunnels), the blaster will thoroughly inspect the blast area for indications of misfires and any other
hazardous conditions resulting from the effects of the blast. Only after determining the blast area is
safe will the ALL-CLEAR signal be sounded.
9. If examination of the blast area reveals any indication of possible unexploded charges, the area will
be made safe under the supervision of the blaster by one of the following means, AFTER a sixty
(60)-minute wait following fuse blasting or a thirty (30)-minute wait following all other blasting
methods:
a. A new primer will be inserted in a hole and the hole re-blasted; or,
b. Where the hole cannot be re-blasted, the stemming and explosives be washed out with water.
10. After each blast, the blaster will complete a record of each blast including the date, time, weather
conditions, shot pattern, depth of holes, quantity of explosives, number of detonators, misfires if
any and any other pertinent information.
11. Specific blasting safety procedures will be established for each project to provide safety for all
personnel and property, including the public. For assistance or more information on specific
requirements, contact the Corporate Safety Department.

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS PROCEDURES

I. INTRODUCTION
A. These procedures are established to provide the necessary precautions for employees to protect
themselves from the hazards associated with bloodborne pathogens.
B. These procedures apply at all locations where employees may be exposed to blood, other
potentially infectious material or medical/first aid supplies that have been contaminated with blood
or potentially infectious material.
C. Employees with potential for exposure generally fall into two categories:

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 1. Employees whose routine job assignment involves exposure to blood or potentially infectious
material. This category would include employees whose assigned duties include providing first
aid to injured personnel.
2. Employees whose routine job assignments do not involve exposure to blood or other
potentially infectious material but who may be exposed if performing unusual tasks. This
category would include employees who assist in providing first aid assistance to injured
personnel.

II. ENGINEERING CONTROLS

A. At work locations where a first aid treatment center has been provided, non-abrasive soap and
running water for hand washing should be available in or near the treatment area. If running water
cannot be supplied, antiseptic hand cleaner or antiseptic towelettes must be provided.
B. An appropriately marked/labeled disposable biohazard container will be utilized for collecting and
disposing all first aid supplies and personal protective equipment contaminated during treatment
(regulated waste).

III. WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS

A. If called on to render first aid, the employees providing the care must protect themselves from
contact with blood or other potentially infectious material by using the rubber gloves from the first
aid kit as well as donning safety glasses.
B. If mouth to mouth artificial resuscitation is necessary, the employees performing the resuscitation
must protect themselves from contact with blood or potentially infectious material by using the
mouth barrier device with a one-way valve from the first aid kit.
C. If more extensive exposure to blood or potentially infectious material is anticipated such as
working in live sewers adjoining hospitals, exposed employees will be provided and required to
wear additional personal protective equipment. This additional equipment may include disposable
gowns, coats, or aprons that will prevent blood or potentially infectious material from
contaminating the employees clothes.
D. Before leaving the treatment area, all personal protective equipment (rubber gloves, gowns, etc.)
must be removed and placed in a biohazard container for disposal.
E. After providing care, employees must wash their hands with non-abrasive soap and running water.
If hand washing facilities are not available, employees must wash their hands using antiseptic hand
cleanser or antiseptic towelettes. This is a temporary measure; employees must still wash with
soap and running water as soon as possible.
F. Employees must not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics or lip balms, or handle contact lenses in
first aid treatment areas. Food and drinks may not be stored adjacent to first aid kits.

IV. HOUSEKEEPING
A. The first aid treatment area, if provided, must be cleaned/disinfected regularly (e.g. after each use).
This cleaning/disinfecting must be done according to a written schedule.
B. All contaminated items and spill areas must be cleaned with a germicide or a solution of sodium
hypochlorite (a 1:8 a dilute bleach solution composed of one part bleach to eight parts cold water.)
C. All first aid supplies and personal protective equipment contaminated during treatment must be
collected in an appropriately marked/labeled disposable biohazard container.
D. The disposable biohazard container and its contents will be disposed of daily in accordance with
local, Regional, and National requirements for this kind of regulated waste. If outside
contamination of a container occurs, the container (e.g. disposal bag) must be placed inside
another properly labeled container.

V. HEPATITIS B VACCINATION

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A. Employees whose routine job assignments involve exposure to blood or potentially infectious
material will be offered the hepatitis B vaccination series, within ten (10) days of their initial
assignment. Additional training will be provided when changes, such as modifications of tasks or
procedures, or introduction of new tasks or procedures, affect the employees potential for
occupational exposure. The additional training may be limited to addressing the new information.
B. Any other employee who has an exposure incident will also be offered the vaccination series. If the
vaccinations are declined, the employee must sign a waiver (see attachment), which will be placed in
the employees confidential medical file.
C. Those employees, who decline the hepatitis B vaccination, either at the beginning of their
assignment or after an exposure incident, may later choose to be vaccinated.

VI. POST-EXPOSURE EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP

A. All employees involved in exposure incidents must be offered a confidential medical evaluation
and follow up that includes the following minimum elements:
1. Documentation of the route(s) of exposure and the circumstances under which the exposure
incident occurred.
2. Identification and documentation of the source individual, if feasible and not prohibited by
local or Regional law.
3. Testing the source individuals blood, if feasible and after written consent is obtained, in
order to determine HBV, HCV, and/or HIV infectivity. The results of the source individuals
testing will be made available to the exposed employee, and that employee will be informed
of the laws and
regulations concerning disclosure of the identity and infectious status of
the source individual.
4. Collecting and testing the exposed employees blood for HBV, HCV, and HIV as soon as
feasible after written consent is obtained from the exposed employee. If the employee
consents to baseline blood collection, but not the HIV testing, the sample must be preserved
for 90 days. If, within those
90 days, the employee elects to have the HIV test, such testing will be done as soon as feasible.
5. Post exposure medical treatment, if indicated, in accordance with the recommendations of
the Philippines Public Health Service.
6. Counseling.
7. Evaluation of illnesses reported by the exposed employee.
B. The healthcare professional providing the post exposure hepatitis B vaccination and post exposure
evaluation must be provided with the following information:
1. A copy of the Bloodborne Pathogen Regulation.
2. A description of the employees duties as they relate to the exposure incident.
3. Documentation of the routes of exposure and the circumstances under which the exposure
occurred.
4. The results of the source individuals blood testing, if available.
5. All medical records relevant and appropriate to the treatment of the employee, including
vaccination status, that we are required to maintain.
C. The evaluating healthcare professionals written opinion must be obtained and a copy provided to
the exposed employee within 15 days after completion of the evaluation.
1. The written opinion for hepatitis B vaccination must only include whether
vaccination was indicated and whether the employee received one.
2. The written opinion for post exposure evaluation and follow-up must only include that the
exposed employee has been informed of the results of the evaluation and the employee has
been told about any medical condition resulting from exposure that requires further
evaluation or treatment.
3. All other findings must remain confidential and may not be included in the report.

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VII. TRAINING
A. Employees who may be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials must be trained
before exposure and annually thereafter. The training must be conducted by a person
knowledgeable in the subject matter. The training shall consist of the following:
1. A copy and an explanation of the Bloodborne Pathogen Regulation.
2. A general discussion of bloodborne diseases, with emphasis on symptoms and modes of
transmission of HIV, HBV, and HCV.
3. Explanation of these Bloodborne Pathogens Procedures and how employees can get a copy of
them.
4. Explanation of how to recognize tasks and occupational activities that may involve exposure to
blood or potentially infectious material.
5. Explanation of the use and limitations of the work practice controls and personal protective
equipment that will be used to prevent or reduce exposures.
6. Information on the selection, types, proper use, location, handling, removal, and disposal of
contaminated personal protective equipment.
7. Information about hepatitis B vaccine, including its efficacy, safety, method of administration,
the benefits of being vaccinated, and that the vaccination will be provided free of charge.
8. Explanation of the procedure to follow if there is an exposure incident, including reporting
exposure incidents and the medical follow-up that will be provided.
9. Information about post-exposure evaluations and follow-up that will be provided to employees
who have had an exposure incident.
10. Explanation of signs, labels, and/or color coding that will be utilized.
11. An opportunity for asking questions of the person conducting the training.

VIII. RECORDKEEPING
A. A record of each exposure to blood or potentially infectious material must be created and kept
confidential. These records must include:
1. The exposed employees name, social security number, and payroll number.
2. A copy of the employees hepatitis B vaccination status including the dates of all vaccinations
and any medical information related to the vaccinations.
3. A copy of the results of examinations, medical testing, and follow-up procedures.
4. A copy of the healthcare professionals written opinion.
5. A copy of the information that was provided to the healthcare professional.
B. All exposure and medical records must be kept confidential and separate from personnel files, may
not be disclosed without the employees written consent, and must be maintained for the duration of
the exposed employees employment plus thirty (30) years.
C. Detailed training records maintained for the duration of the exposed employees employment plus
thirty (30) years. These records must include:
1. The dates of the training sessions.
2. Contents or a summary of the training sessions.
3. Name and qualification of the person conducting the training.
4. Names and payroll numbers of those trained.
D. The exposure, medical and training records associated with these Bloodborne Pathogens
Procedures will be made available to employees.
D. Note: The Waiver of Hepatitis B Vaccination is attached.

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 ENCLOSED AND CONFINED SPACES

Before entry or work in confined spaces, including tanks, vaults, manholes, pipelines, and other
similar enclosures where existing ventilation is insufficient for removal of combustible or toxic air
contamination, oxygen deficiency or oxygen enrichment the following minimum steps will be taken:
1. Employees will be trained in the operating and rescue procedures contained in the Confined Space
Entry Program.
2. Lines which may convey dangerous substances into the space will be disconnected or blocked off.
3. The space will be washed emptied, flushed or otherwise purged of any dangerous substances.
4. The air will be tested for dangerous air contamination or oxygen deficiency with an appropriate
testing device by a qualified person and a written record of such tests will be kept at the jobsite for
the duration of the work.
5. Adequate ventilation to ensure a safe working atmosphere, as determined by additional air testing
or continuous monitoring, will be maintained while work is in progress.
6. When dangerous air is detected, work will be discontinued and workers will be removed until a
safe atmosphere is restored with additional ventilation or removal of the contamination.
7. When an atmosphere free of dangerous air contamination, oxygen deficiency, or oxygen
enrichment cannot be ensured or maintained through ventilation, the Confined Space Entry
Program will be incorporated as the minimum requirements.
Note: Oxygen deficient air contains less than 19.5 percent oxygen by volume. Combustible
atmospheres contain concentrations of more than ten (10) percent of the lower explosive limit of a
combustible gas or vapor. Toxic atmospheres contain concentrations of hazardous substance that
exceed the permissible exposure levels.
8. Additional precautionary steps, including deactivation, must be considered when working in
confined spaces equipped with oxygen-displacing fire suppression systems.

CRANES AND HOISTING EQUIPMENT

1. Cranes exceeding three (3) tons rated capacity shall not be used without a current Annual
Certificate of Examination and testing issued by an accredited crane examiner. A copy of the
Annual Certificate of Examination shall be kept on the crane at all times.
2. Crane operators shall be Certified Crane Operators (CCO) with current certificate for the style of
crane they are operating, and shall be authorized by management.
3. Cranes of hoisting equipment will be operated only by qualified and authorized personnel.
4. The crane operator shall determine how many people are needed for the lift operation and shall
assign their duties.
5. A Pre-Job Plan shall be conducted and documented on the Non-Routine Pre-Job Plan form. The
load weight and radius of the lift shall be calculated and documented.
6. During the Pre-Job Plan, one signaler shall be assigned by the crane operator and documented on
the Pre-Job Plan form. This Signaler shall be trained and authorized.

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7. The signaler, spotter, and the crane operator shall review the hand signals to assure that
communication is clear. Standard hand signals shall be used to direct the operator when the point
of operation is not in direct view of the operator, unless a radio or other positive means of
communication is used.
8. During the Pre-Job Plan, persons designated to perform rigging operations (Riggers) shall be
assigned by the crane operators and documented. The riggers shall be trained and authorized.
9. Crane operators will make a visual inspection of their equipment and conduct a Pre-Operation
Inspection of the crane including a walk-through inspection of the work area and travel route. A
record of these inspections shall be maintained on the crane.
10. A mechanic shall conduct a Quarterly Inspection of the crane and wire rope at least every three
months or seven hundred fifty (750) hours, whichever comes first and before the crane is returned
to service after a month or more of inactivity. Inspections shall include all the items in the EEI
Mobile Equipment Division Quarterly Crane Inspection form.
11. All cranes shall be equipped with an appropriate fire extinguisher or fire suppression system.
12. During the Pre-Job Planning phase, the crane operator shall conduct a walk-through inspection of
the work area and travel route.
13. Loads shall be attached to the hook by slings or other suitable rigging of the proper type and
weight capacity for the load to insure the safe handling of the load. Tag lines shall be used to
control movement of overhead loads.
14. The operator shall respond to signals from the designated signaler only. Personnel not specifically
designated to be the signaler shall not give signals to the operator unless a hazardous condition is
observed that is not seen by the operator or signaler. In that case, only a stop signal may be given
or a verbal STOP communicated to the operator. The operator shall not follow any signals that are
not understood, but shall always obey a stop signal.
15. The signaler shall be assured that the path the load shall be moved through is clear of personnel
and obstructions.
16. Personnel not involved in the Pre-Job Plan are not allowed within the maximum radius of the lift
to be performed.
17. Unless an unsafe condition or emergency is observed, personnel not directly involved with the lift
shall not interrupt the crane operator or other personnel involved with the lift operations.
18. The operator shall be responsible for the operations under his control. Whenever there are doubts
about the safety of a movement, the operator shall stop operations until safety is assured.
19. A warning signal, such as horn, shall be sounded to alert personnel to proximity of moving loads.
Loads shall not be passed over personnel, and personnel shall not place themselves between a
suspended load and any fixed object.
20. Cranes shall not be left unattended with or used to store a suspended load.
21. Rotating cranes shall be barricaded or other positive means shall be taken to prevent personnel
from entering the area between the rotating machine deck, and any stationary machine parts or
outside obstructions.
22. Cranes shall not be operated or loads handled so that any machine part or load shall come within
ten (10) feet of electrical lines carrying 50,000 volts or less. Greater distances are required for
lines carrying over 50,000 volts. A spotter shall be used whenever a crane is used within one (1)
boom length of any overhead power lines. The spotter shall be trained and authorized.
23. The presence of overhead power lines shall be discussed and documented on the Pre-Job Plan
form. The designated spotter shall be documented and shall not have any other duties besides
assuring that the crane does not come within 10 feet of the power lines by maintaining positive
communication with both crane operator and rigger.
24. No person shall be permitted to ride on the crane, load, slings, hooks, buckets, or other such load
handling attachments. Hoisting of personnel with cranes shall only be done by the procedure as
specified in Crane Suspended Personnel Platform Procedures.

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25. All repairs, adjustments, modifications, rigging assembly or dismantling shall be conducted only
be qualified and authorized personnel.
26. The operator shall only raise, lower, extend, or retract outriggers when (s)he has ensured that the
ground personnel are not in an area where they may be endangered by the movement of the
outriggers. This may be done by clear sight of the area or by the use of verbal or hand signal
communication with the designated signaler. Mirrors may not be used for clearance verification.
27. If a crane operator is working alone, for example, while performing pre-operation inspection or
preparing to move the crane, the operator shall sound the horn prior to making any moves of the
boom or outriggers, or traveling the crane, to assure all personnel are clear of pinch points and
other hazards.
28. Equipment, tools, or supplies shall not be stored on the outriggers.
29. Cribbing shall be used under the outriggers. The cribbing shall be at least three times the surface
area of the outrigger pad and be constructed of appropriate materials.
30. When use of the crane is completed, it shall be returned to a parking area away from overhead
power lines and parked in a safe manner.
31. Equipment shall have posted and in plain view of the operator and driver, a durable warning sign
legible at 12 feet reading: Unlawful to Operate This Equipment Within 10-feet of High Voltage
Lines in Excess of 50,000 Volts, See 8 CCR, Article 37, High Voltage Electrical Safety Orders.

CRANE SUSPENDED PERSONNEL PLATFORM PROCEDURE

A. INTRODUCTION
1. The use of a crane or derrick to hoist employees on a personnel platform is prohibited unless the
erection, use, and dismantling of conventional means of reaching the worksite, such as a personnel
hoist, ladder, stairway, aerial lift, elevating work platform or scaffold, would be more hazardous, or
is not possible because of structural design or worksite conditions.
2. Any use of a crane hoisted personnel platform must be approved in writing on a case by case basis.
The approval must be given by the Plant/District Manager, after determining that other means of
reaching the work location would be more hazardous or not possible because of structural design or
worksite conditions.
3. Approval will include execution of the EEI CORP., Permit to Use A Crane Suspended Personnel
Platform, which describes the work to be done, reasons to justify use of the crane suspended
platform and verifies compliance with these procedures.

B. CRANE REQUIREMENTS
1. Load lines will be capable of supporting at least seven times the maximum intended load (ten times
the load for rotation resistant wire rope).
2. The load line hoist drum will have a system or device on the power train, other than the load hoist
brake, which provides power controlled load lowering. Free fall is prohibited.
3. The crane will be equipped with a positive acting anti-two-block device which deactivates the
hoisting action before a two-block situation occurs.
4. A boom angle indicator will be readily visible to the operator at all times.
5. Cranes with telescoping booms will be equipped with a boom length indicator clearly visible to the
operator at all times.
6. Load and boom hoist drum brakes, swing brakes and locking devices will be engaged when the
occupied personnel platform is in a stationary working position.

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7. Total weight of the loaded personnel platform related rigging will not exceed fifty percent (50%) of
the rated capacity for the operating radius and configuration of the crane.
8. The crane will be located on firm, level ground, leveled within one percent (1%) of level grade,
with outriggers fully deployed by manufacturers specifications.
9. All other safety requirements for crane operations contained in the Injury Prevention and Safety
Program, Mobile Equipment Administrative Bulletin Manual and Manufacturers Instructions will
be complied with.

C. PERSONNEL PLATFORMS
1. The personnel platform and suspension system will be designed by a qualified engineer, competent
in structural design.
2. The platform will be capable of supporting its own weight and at least five times the maximum
intended load.
3. The platform will be equipped with standard guardrails forty-two inches (42) high, midrails and
toeboards four inches (4) high and will be enclosed at least from the toeboard to midrail with
either solid material or expanded metal having openings no greater than one-half () inch.
4. A grab rail will be installed inside the entire perimeter of the platform.
5. Access gates, if installed, will not swing outward when hoisting and will be equipped with a
restraining device to prevent unintentional opening.
6. Headroom will be provided which allows personnel to stand upright on the platform and a canopy
for overhead protection will be provided when personnel are exposed to falling objects.
7. The platform will be conspicuously posted with a plate or other permanent marking which shows
the weight of the platform and its rated load capacity.
8. Personnel platforms will be used only for personnel, their tools, and the materials necessary to do
their work, and will not be used to hoist only materials or tools.
9. Materials and tools for use during a personnel lift will be evenly distributed for balance and
secured to prevent displacement.

D. RIGGING
1. Wire rope, shackles, rings, master links, and other rigging hardware will be capable of supporting
at least five times the intended load transmitted to that component. If rotation resistant wire rope
slings are used, they will be capable of supporting at least ten times the maximum intended load.
2. Each bridle leg of a wire rope bridle will be connected to a master link or shackle in such a manner
that the load is evenly divided between the bridle legs.
3. The hook on the load block or other attachment assembly will be of a type that can be closed and
locked, eliminating the throat opening. Alternatively, an alloy anchor type shackle with a bolt, nut,
and retaining pin may be used.
4. All eyes in wire rope slings will be fabricated with thimbles.
5. Bridles and associated attachment rigging will be used only for the personnel platform and will not
be used for any other purpose when not hoisting personnel.

E. TRIAL LIFT, INSPECTION AND PROOF TESTING

1. At each jobsite, before hoisting personnel, and after any repair or modification, the platform and
rigging will be proof tested to one hundred twenty-five percent (125%) of the platforms rated
capacity by holding it in a suspended position for five minutes with the test load evenly distributed
on the platform. After proof testing, the platform and rigging will be inspected for signs of any
distortion, damage, or failure.
2. A trial lift, with the unoccupied platform loaded at least to the anticipated lift weight, will be made
from the position where workers will enter the platform to each work location at which the platform
is to be hoisted. The operator will determine that all systems, controls, and safety devices are
functioning properly, that there are no obstructions or interferences, and that all configurations

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 necessary to reach each work location will keep the lifts within the fifty percent (50%) of chart
capacity limits.
3. The trial lift will be repeated prior to lifting personnel whenever the crane is set up at a different
location.
4. After the trial lift, and just prior to hoisting personnel, the platform will be lifted a few inches for
inspection to be certain it is secure and properly balanced. The crane, rigging and base support will
also be inspected to determine whether the testing and trial lift have produced any adverse affect
upon any component.

F. WORK PRACTICES
1. Personnel occupying the platform will use a safety harness with the lanyard attached to the lower
load block or to a structural member within the platform.
2. Personnel will keep all parts of the body inside the platform during raising, lowering and
positioning, except the signal person if necessary for direct visual contact with the operator.
3. Tag lines will be used unless their use creates an unsafe condition.
4. Personnel being hoisted will remain in continuous sight of and in direct communication with the
crane operator or signal person.
5. The crane operator will remain at the controls always when the crane is running and the platform is
occupied.
6. No lifts will be made with any other load line while personnel are suspended on a platform.
7. Hoisting personnel will be discontinued upon indication of any hazardous weather conditions, such
as wind or lightning.
8. Crane traveling is not permitted while hoisting or suspending an occupied personnel platform.

G. PRE-LIFT MEETING
1. Prior to the trial lift at each work location, a meeting will be held to review these procedures and
safety instructions with all personnel involved in the operation. This meeting will include the
supervisor, the crane operator, the signal person, the personnel to be hoisted and any others
necessary for the task.

H. PERMIT
1. The Permit to Use a Crane Suspended Personnel Platform form serves as both a checklist of
OSHC requirements and a format for plant/district management certification and approval for use
of the crane suspended personnel platform.
2. The permit form is to be completed for every different task description, prior to hoisting personnel,
and is to be kept at the work location for the duration of work, then preserved with other job
records.
3. A copy of each permit must be submitted to the Corporate Safety Director.

CUTTING AND WELDING

1. Welding and cutting will be done only by persons experienced in safe welding and cutting
procedures.

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2. Welding and cutting equipment will be inspected daily and will be maintained in accordance with
the manufacturers recommendations. Gas hoses and electric welding leads will be free of damage
or defects.
3. When not in use, torch and cylinder valves will be closed, regulators will be removed, and valve
caps will be replaced.
4. Noncurrent-carrying metal parts of electric welding machines and circuits used for tasks other than
welding will be grounded.
5. The ground lead will always be attached to the work. The welding current will not be allowed to
pass through bearings or other machine components.
6. All fuel gas-oxygen welding and cutting equipment will have a reverse-flow check valve between
the torch and regulator.
7. Compressed gas cylinders will be secured in an upright position. Oxygen cylinders in storage will
be separated from fuel gas cylinders and other combustible materials (especially oil or grease) by
at least twenty feet (20) or by a noncombustible barrier at least five feet tall or a minimum of 18
inches above the tallest cylinder and having a fire-resistance rating of at least one hour. Valve caps
will be secured on cylinders not in use.
8. Fire extinguishers rated at least 2A10:BC will be available at all cutting and welding operations.
9. All persons will be shielded from welding flash, sparks, and slag. Combustible materials will be
protected from heat, molten metal and other ignition sources.
10. Appropriate eye, face, hand, respiratory protective and other personal protective equipment will
be used by personnel welding or cutting.
11. A Hot Work Permit is required when welding inside confined spaces. The Confined Spaces
Program will be followed.

EDUCATION AND TRAINING

1. Before their first job assignment, new employees will receive a thorough safety orientation. They
will be given a copy of the company handbook and Code of Safe Practices to read before their first
assignment and instructed in job specific safe work practices. Training will be documented using a
Safety Training Record.
2. Employees that may be exposed to known or expected workplace hazards will be instructed in the
recognition of the hazard, in the procedures for protecting themselves from injury, and in the
action to take in case of an injury. Training will be documented using a Safety Training Record,
Tailgate Topic, Job Hazard Analysis or Pre-Task Planning document.
3. Previous experience must be considered when assigning personnel. Only those qualified by
training or experience will be permitted to operate machinery and equipment.
4. Management will provide safety training and information for supervisors regularly. This training
will be documented using the Safety Training Record (Form #328) or on a Tailgate Topic.
5. First aid training will be provided to insure that each supervisor has a current PMSEA or Red Cross
First Aid Certificate or equivalent. This training will be made available to employees when it is
conducted.
6. Safety meetings with all supervisory personnel will be conducted by or at the direction of the
Plant/District Manager at least monthly to review injury prevention efforts and results, safety
policy and the procedures pertinent to the work being performed.
7. Foremen will hold toolbox or tailgate safety meetings with their crews at the beginning of each
new job and at least weekly after that to discuss procedures, suggestions, past incidents and
educational material, such as Job Hazard Analysis, about the work involved. These meetings

78
 should be held at the beginning of the first shift each week. Additional meetings may be held when
there are crew changes or significant changes in job conditions. This training will be documented
using the Safety Training Record or as a Tailgate Topic.
8. In operations where more specific training is required by law or regulation, such as the use of
respiratory protective equipment, work in surface mines, confined spaces, exposure to hazardous
substances, etc., additional training will be conducted according to the applicable regulations.
9. The records of safety meetings and safety training will be maintained at the plant/district
office/business unit for one year.

ELECTRICAL

1. Electrical installations and maintenance shall be performed only by qualified electricians. Only
qualified persons shall be permitted to perform any function in proximity to energized overhead
conductors unless means to prevent incidental contact have been provided.
2. Electrical systems will conform to the requirements of the National Electrical Code, and the
contract specifications as applicable.
3. All one hundred twenty-five (125)-volt single phase, fifteen (15) or twenty (20) ampere receptacle
outlets that are not a part of the permanent wiring of the building or structure will have ground-
fault circuit-interrupter protection for personnel.
4. All electrical circuits, equipment and conductor enclosures will have a grounding system, that is:
permanent and continuous; of such capacity to conduct safely any fault current likely to be
imposed on it; and of sufficiently low resistance to limit the voltage to ground and facilitate the
operation of the circuit breaker in the circuit.
5. The continuity and resistance of plant grounding systems will be tested immediately after
installation, repair, or modification and annually after that.
6. In locations where electrical equipment would be exposed to physical damage, enclosures or
guards shall be so arranged and of such strength as to prevent such damage. Flexible cords and
cables shall be protected from incidental damage. Sharp corners and projections shall be avoided.
When passing through doorways or other pinch points, protection shall be provided to avoid
damage.
7. Temporary wiring will be guarded, buried, or isolated by elevation to prevent contact by workers or
equipment.
8. When electrical equipment or lines are to be serviced, maintained, or adjusted, the electric powered
equipment will be de-energized and the necessary switches locked-out and tagged before any
maintenance or repair work is performed.
9. Precautions will be taken to prevent contact with energized electrical lines, either above or below
ground, including, as necessary, barricades, warning signs, and legible markings to warn
employees.
10. Unless electrical lines are de-energized and visibly grounded, no equipment, machinery or tools
will be operated or handled in such a manner that any part comes within ten (10) feet of lines
carrying 50,000 volts or less. Greater distances are required for lines carrying more than 50,000
volts.

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 EMERGENCIES

1. Employees are required to familiarize themselves with the Emergency Action Plan of plants,
offices, and jobsites and work locations prior to beginning work, including the location of
emergency telephone numbers for police, fire, and medical assistance.
2. In the case of an injured employee, notify other workers in the area you are in need of assistance.
Protect the injured employee from further injury.
3. It is Company policy that employees are not trained to provide emergency medical assistance in
medical emergencies involving serious injury and/or loss of blood. Should employees choose to
respond to such emergencies, it is on a Good Samaritan basis. In case of serious injury, dial one
one-seven (1-1-7) or otherwise seek the immediate assistance of trained medical personnel.
Note: Before you dial 1-1-7 be sure that you can readily identify the location where the
emergency has occurred.
4. Inform supervisory personnel of the nature of the emergency as soon as possible.
5. For emergencies involving exposure to hazardous substances, consult the Material Safety Data
Sheet (MSDS) for guidance. Have the MSDS readily available for medical personnel.

EXCAVATION AND TRENCHES

4. Prior to starting any excavation, an evaluation of soil conditions and factors affecting its stability
will be made to plan appropriate measures to safeguard persons and property from hazards of
moving ground.
5. Prior to starting any excavation, efforts will be made to locate any anticipated underground
installations in cooperation with utility companies or other owners, who will be notified of
proposed work. A positive response will be received prior to excavating with the utility
companies.
6. In an excavation where oxygen deficiency or the presence of harmful gas could be anticipated, air
in the excavation will be tested. If a hazardous atmosphere is detected, the work will be stopped.
For work in confined spaces, know the requirements.
7. Employees who enter excavations that could cave in and those five (5) feet or more in depth will be
protected by a system of shoring, sloping of the ground, benching, or other alternate means in
accordance with the EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING PROGRAM and with the applicable
Regional or National regulations.
8. For any deviation from the minimum Regional or National regulations and for all excavations
deeper than twenty (20) feet, detailed plans for shoring, sloping, benching, or other means of
protection will be prepared by a registered civil engineer and will be available at the work site.
9. A safe means of access will be located within twenty-five (25) feet of employees working in
excavations four (4) feet or more in depth.
10. Employees will not be allowed or directed to cross excavations unless adequate crossings have
been provided. When walkways are provided across excavations deeper than six (6) feet standard
guardrails and toeboards will be installed.
11. Employees will be trained in the safety precautions and hazards associated with excavating
equipment and any shoring, sloping or benching system used.
12. Excavated material will be placed as far as possible from the edge of the excavation, but never
less than two (2) feet from the edge.

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13. Work in an excavation will always be under the immediate supervision of a competent person
authorized to modify the shoring or sloping in accordance with Regional or National regulations.
14. A daily inspection of excavations to identify and eliminate conditions that could result in possible
cave-ins, failure of support systems, hazardous atmospheres or other unsafe conditions will be
made by a competent person. Inspections will be conducted before the start of work each day and
after every rainstorm or other occurrence that may increase the hazard of moving ground.

FALL PREVENTION

1. All employees working at any elevated location six (6) feet or more above the ground or the next
lower level will be protected by a system of guardrails, safety nets, or safety harnesses to prevent
falls.
2. Standard guardrails, consisting of a top rail between forty-two (42) inches and forty-five (45) in
height, a midrail and toeboards, will be installed on all open sides of scaffolds, elevated platforms,
wall openings or other elevations six (6) feet or more above level below.
3. All temporary working scaffolds, suspended scaffolds, or platforms will be properly designed for
their intended use, and in accordance with the requirements of the applicable regulations.
4. Employees exposed to falls from heights that would otherwise require guardrails or other fall
protection will use an approved personal fall arrest system.
5. All fixed ladders with a length of twenty-four (24) feet or more will be equipped with a ladder
safety device, a self retracting lifeline or a ladder cage. Fixed ladders fifty (50) feet or more in
length will be offset and equipped with landing platforms at a maximum interval of fifty (50) feet.
6. Employees working at or above grade which pose an impalement hazard, e.g. reinforcing steel or
other similar projections, shall be protected by guarding the exposed ends with protective covers
or troughs.
7. Employees whose duties include working at elevated locations will be trained and protected in
accordance with the requirements of the following Fall Prevention and Protection Guidelines.

FALSE WORK AND ELEVATED SURFACES

1. Construction of falsework and formwork shall materially adhere to the approved shop drawings.
All material used shall be adequate for the purpose intended. At least one (1) set of approved
drawings, signed by the engineer, shall be present at the jobsite at all times.
2. The foreman shall inspect all falsework, prior to placing any concrete, to assure conformity with
the approved plans. The engineer, in writing, shall either approve the falsework as constructed or
list corrections which need to be made to bring the falsework into conformance with the plans. The
Superintendent shall be responsible for making any corrections, if necessary. The falsework
construction approval, signed by the engineer, shall be present at the jobsite during concrete
placement.
3. Stripping of falsework shall adhere to the approved falsework stripping plan.
4. Safety railing shall be installed at the proper time and shall be maintained in good condition. It
shall not be removed until no longer needed.

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5. Walk ramps at the ends of bridges shall be four (4) feet wide and include handrails. Cleats shall be
added if required due to sloping. Walkways at the exteriors of bridges shall be a minimum of
twenty (20) inches wide. Walkways must be kept clear of obstructions.
6. Scaffolds must be provided for work that cannot be done safely while standing on solid
construction at least twenty (20) inches wide or from ladders, unless the work is of short duration
less than fifteen (15) feet high. Scaffolds must conform to Mla/OSHC standards, or be designed by
an engineer. Erecting and dismantling scaffolds must be supervised by a qualified person.
7. Never permit anything to drop from any portion of a structure until you have made certain that
others below you are not in danger. When working below others keep alert and do not get into a
dangerous position. Watch for falling objects.
8. Employees whose duties include working with falsework will be trained in accordance with the
requirements of the Fall Prevention and Protection Guidelines.

FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION

1. All reasonable precautions will be followed in cooperation with local authorities to minimize fire
hazards. The telephone numbers of local fire fighting agencies will be posted at the office and be
available for each work location.
2. A fire alarm system will be established by which employees and local fire department personnel
can be promptly alerted in a fire emergency.
3. Appropriate portable fire extinguishers and hand tools will be available at the work site whenever
fire hazards exist.
4. All highway vehicles and cranes will be equipped with an appropriate fire extinguisher or a fire
suppression system. Fire extinguishers will be installed on other types of equipment in
accordance with the applicable regulations.
5. All fire extinguishers and fire suppression systems will be inspected and serviced, as necessary, at
least annually by a certified technician. All fire extinguishers and fire suppression systems will be
inspected at least monthly by a qualified person and a record of the inspection will be maintained
with the extinguisher or system.
6. Demonstrations and training should be provided to all personnel in the use of available first aid
fire fighting equipment.
7. All flammable and combustible materials will be properly stored until consumed or otherwise
removed.
8. Smoking and the use of open flames will be prohibited in any area where these would present a fire
hazard. This prohibition is to be noted by using signs.
9. Gasoline and other flammable liquids will be stored and handled only in approved portable tanks or
safety cans.
10. Above ground fuel storage areas will be surrounded by a dike of at least twelve (12) inches high
and of sufficient size to contain the contents stored.
11. Above ground fuel storage tanks will be installed at least twenty (20) feet from any building or
facility and will be kept clear of weeds, debris and other combustible materials.
12. At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 4A: 20 BC will be
maintained at a distance between twenty-five (25) and seventy-five (75) feet from fuel storage
and dispensing areas and two (2) will be carried on all fuel trucks.

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 FIRST AID AND MEDICAL SERVICES

1. Before the start of work, arrangements will be made with area doctors, hospitals, fire departments
and ambulance services for the treatment of injured personnel and a list of available emergency
services will be posted at the jobsite or work location.
2. Emergency communications will be provided by mobile radio or telephone.
3. Transportation of injured personnel to medical facilities will be by the most appropriate means
available.
4. At least one employee trained in first aid will be available at all times to render immediate first aid
treatment at each work site.
5. First aid materials will be readily available at each work site, office, and plant and will consist of at
least one filled weatherproof eighteen (18)-unit first aid kit filled according to the
recommendations of a consulting physician for twenty-five (25) workers or less.
6. First Aid Kits shall include:

Large First Aid Kit Contents: Small First Aid Kit Contents:
1 Adhesive Bandage (3/kit) 1 Adhesive Bandage (3/kit)
2 Compress (1/kit) 4 Compress (2/kit)
4 Compress (2/kit) Gauze Pad (1/kit)
24 x 72 Compress (2/kit) 24 x 72 Compress (1/kit)
Gauze Pad (1/kit) Triangle Bandage (1/kit)
Wound wipe (2/kit) Knuckle Bandage (2/kit)
Eye Pad (1/kit) Adhesive Tape (1/kit)
Scissors and Forceps (1/kit) Scissors and Forceps (1/kit)
Adhesive Tape (2/kit) Eye Pad (1/kit)
Triangle Bandage (3/kit) Wound Wipes (1/kit)
Knuckle Bandage (2/kit) Cold Pack (1/kit)
Cold Packs (2/kit) CPR Microshield (1/kit)
CPR Microshield (1/kit) Latex Gloves (1/kit)
Latex Gloves (1/kit) 6 ounce sterile eye wash (1/kit)
6 ounce sterile eye wash (1/kit) Tube antibacterial salve (1/kit)
Tube antibacterial salve (1/kit) Bee Sting Swab (1/kit)
Bee Sting Swab (1/kit) Snake Bite Extraction Kit (1/kit)
Snake Bite Extraction Kit (1/kit) Rescue Blanket, Foil Type (1/kit)
Rescue Blanket, Foil Type (1/kit)

7. If any employee is injured on the job that employees immediate supervisor will complete a
Supervisors Report of Injury and Illness and turn it into their Plant/District office on the same day
the injury occurs. Injuries must be reported to the supervisor immediately (the same day as the
injury occurs).
8. Employees whose duties could include providing first aid treatment to injured personnel may be
exposed to bloodborne diseases. Those employees will be trained and protected in accordance with
the requirements of the Bloodborne Pathogen Procedures.
9. The Construction, Aggregate, Readymix and Precast Divisions, and Corporate Office First Aid Kits
were approved by Dr. Frank Polanco, M.D. Dr. Polancos letter of approval are on file at the
Corporate Office of EEI CORP. in Quezon City.
10. The Mobile Equipment Division First Aid Kits were approved by Dr. Santos, M.D. Dr. Santoss
letter of approval is on file at the Corporate Office of EEI CORP. in Quezon City.

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 FLAGGING
1. The Supervisor will ensure flag persons are equipped with proper equipment and high-visibility
clothing with proper personal protective equipment.
2. Flag persons shall be properly trained in flagging and hand-signaling devices and procedures as
specified in the National Manual of Uniform Traffic Controls, the Manila MUTCD, and applicable
Mla/OSHC regulations.
3. Traffic control measures will be followed according to local, Regional, and National regulations.

FORKLIFTS
GENERAL
1. Industrial truck repairs shall be maintained in accordance with manufacturers recommendations.
2. Industrial trucks shall be kept in a clean condition free of debris, oil, and grease.
3. The rated capacity of all industrial lift trucks and industrial tractors shall be displayed at all times
on the vehicle in such a manner that is readily visible to the operator.
4. Industrial lift trucks and industrial tractors equipped with forks shall not be loaded beyond their
designated capacity.
5. Supervisors shall post and enforce a set of forklift operating rules for the drivers safety.
6. Employees shall be trained prior to operation of a forklift and reevaluated every three- (3) years.

OPERATING RULES
Every employer using industrial trucks or industrial tow tractors shall post and enforce a set of
operating rules including the rules listed below:
1. Only drivers authorized by the employer and trained in the safe operations of industrial trucks or
industrial tow tractors shall be permitted to operate such vehicles.
2. Stunt driving and horseplay are prohibited.
3. No riders shall be permitted on vehicles.
4. Employees shall not ride on the forks of lift trucks.
5. Employees shall not place any part of their bodies outside the running lines of an industrial truck or
between mast uprights or other parts of the truck where shear or crushing hazards exist.
6. Employees shall not be allowed to stand, pass, or work under the elevated portion of any industrial
truck, loaded or empty, unless it is effectively blocked to prevent it from falling.
7. Drivers shall check the vehicle at least once per shift, and if it is found to be unsafe, the matter
shall be reported immediately to a foreman or mechanic, and the vehicle shall not be put in service
again until it has been made safe.
8. No truck shall be operated with a leak in the fuel system.
9. Vehicles shall not exceed the authorized or safe speed, always maintaining a safe distance from
other vehicles, keeping the truck under positive control at all times and all established traffic
regulations shall be observed. For trucks traveling in the same direction, a safe distance may be
considered to be approximately three (3) truck lengths or preferably a time lapse -- three (3)
seconds -- passing the same point.
10. Trucks traveling in the same direction shall not be passed at intersections, blind spots, or
dangerous locations.

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11. The driver shall slow down and sound the horn at cross aisles and other locations where vision is
obstructed. If the load being carried obstructs forward view, the driver shall be required to travel
with the load trailing.
12. Operators shall look in the direction of travel and shall not move a vehicle until certain that all
persons are in the clear.
13. Trucks shall not be driven up to anyone standing in front of a bench or other fixed object of such
size that the person could be caught between the truck and object.
14. Grades shall be ascended or descended slowly.
15. The forks shall always be carried as low as possible, consistent with safe operations.
16. When leaving a vehicle unattended, either:
a) The power shall be shut off, brakes set, the mast brought to the vertical position and forks left
in the down position. When left on an incline, the wheels shall be blocked; or
b) The power may remain on provided the brakes are set, the mast is brought to the vertical
position, forks are left in the down position, and the wheels shall be blocked, front and rear.

GASOLINE POWERED EQUIPMENT

1. Use of gasoline powered equipment (small tools) will be used in accordance with manufacturers
recommendations.
2. Equipment will be inspected prior to use. Damaged tools must be repaired or replaced prior to use.
3. Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) shall be worn.
4. Gasoline will be stored in a well-ventilated area and in a proper storage container. Equipment will
be refueled with the engine turned off. A fire extinguisher will be readily available.
5. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) on materials being used with small tools (e.g., concretes,
oil, diesel, and gasoline) shall be reviewed and appropriate handling instructions will be followed.
Note: Small tools are defined as compressors, jumping jacks hand held cut-off saw, vibrating plate
compactor, small roller, bituminous pot, mortar mixers, pull brooms, generators, hand held
blowers, and ventilators.

GENERAL SAFETY RULES

1. All persons shall follow these safe work practices and report all unsafe conditions or practices to
their immediate supervisor.
2. Superintendents and Foremen shall insist on employees observing and obeying every rule,
regulation and order as is necessary for the safe conduct of the work and shall take such actions
as are necessary to obtain observance.
3. All employees shall be given frequent correct work procedure instructions. Instructions shall be
given at least every ten (10) working days.
4. Any one known to be under the influence of drugs or intoxicating substances shall not be allowed
on the job while in that condition and is subject to termination.
5. Horseplay, scuffling and other acts which tend to have an adverse effect on the safety or well-being
of the employees shall be prohibited and subject to termination.

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6. Work shall be well-planned and supervised to prevent injuries while handling material or
performing job functions.
7. No one shall knowingly be permitted or required to work while his/her ability or alertness is so
impaired by fatigue, illness or other causes that might unnecessarily expose him/her or others to
injury.
8. Unless it has been determined by a competent person, employees shall not enter manholes,
underground vaults, chambers, tanks or other confined spaces without first determining if there is
adequate ventilation and that there are no flammable or toxic gases. Then enter only with proper
safety devices such as a lifeline and only with another person standing by for help if necessary.
9. Superintendents and Foremen will ensure that all ditches, trenches or other excavations, five (5)
feet and over in depth, are properly shored or sloped with correctly placed ladders before they or
their employees enter those areas.
10. Employees will wear eye protection when engaged in any activity where there is a danger of solid
or liquid material entering the eye.
11. Buckle your seatbelt while operating or riding as a passenger in any company or rented
equipment.
12. Employees shall be instructed in the proper placement and adjustment of all guards and other
protective devices and shall report any deficiency to the Foreman or Superintendent.
13. Operators of chain saws will wear eye, ear, hand, and leg protection when operating that tool and
will be appropriately trained in the safe operation of the tool.
14. Employees will follow instructions given by authorized sources on the correct procedures in
handling chemicals used on the job site or work location. Information on the physical
characteristics and health connotations can be obtained from the written Hazard Communication
Program carried by the Foreman or located at the District/Plant.
15. Gasoline shall not be used for cleaning purposes. Use only approved cleaning solvents in well-
ventilated areas.
16. Any damage to scaffolds, falsework, or other supporting structures shall be immediately reported
to the Foreman or Superintendent and repaired before use.
17. Only the correct tool(s) shall be used for the job.
18. Flagperson(s) will be properly trained and supplied with the appropriate equipment before they
direct traffic.
19. Before servicing or repairing machinery or equipment, lockout procedures will be followed. This
procedure will allow only the person performing the work to start and operate the piece of
equipment.
20. Employees will not walk under or position themselves beneath a suspended load.
21. Firearms, ammunition or any other weapon, including dangerous and hazardous materials are not
permitted on the job unless for a special purpose by permit and permission of the Superintendent
only. If there is any doubt, ask your Foreman or Supervisor.
22. If injured in any way, you must report to your Foreman or Superintendent immediately and obtain
first aid or authorized medical treatment. If you need to visit a doctor for any reason, notify your
Foreman or Superintendent at once.
23. Disregard of safe work practices, any of these rules or other safety instruction could be cause for
disciplinary action up to and including termination.

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 GROUND FAULT PROTECTION
GENERAL
This procedure provides the standard method for implementing, and maintaining a ground fault
protection program for facilities, plants, and jobsites. Employees shall use either or both ground fault
circuit interruption (GFCI) or an Assured Equipment Grounding Conductor (AEGC) program.
Employees shall ensure that (1) all electrical cords are connected to at least one receptacle outlet
which has an approved GFCI, or (2) the supplying generator has a built-in GFCI, or (3) an AEGC
program is followed as listed below:

INSPECTIONS
Temporary electrical equipment, except cord sets and receptacles that are fixed and not exposed to
damage must be inspected for visible damage and defects before use each day. Any equipment found
to be defective must be taken out of service until it has tested, been repaired, and proved acceptable.

TESTING
Two tests required to ensure the safe condition of the equipment grounding conductor are the
continuity test and the ground conductor test. The two tests are required in the following situations:
Before the first use of new equipment,
After any repair,
After damage may be reasonably suspected,
At three (3) month intervals for cord sets (such as cord and plug-connected equipment used
frequently and subject to abuse and damage), and
At three (3) month intervals for equipment and receptacles not exposed to rough handling or
abuse.

CONTINUITY TEST
The continuity test must be performed on all of the following to ascertain electrical continuity:
Cord sets,
Receptacles (not part of permanent wiring), and
Cord and plug-connected equipment.

GROUND CONDUCTOR TEST

The ground conductor tests shall be performed to ascertain that the equipment grounding conductor is
connected to its proper terminal on receptacles and plugs (male and female).

HAND AND POWER TOOLS

1. All hand and power tools will be used in accordance with the manufacturers handbook and only
for which they are intended, and will be maintained in safe working condition.
2. All required guards and safety devices will be in place and functioning properly.
3. The noncurrent-carrying metal parts of electric tools will be grounded. When electrical tools are
connected to a temporary power source, personnel will be protected by ground fault circuit
interrupters.
4. Powder-actuated tools will be used only by trained and certified personnel and will be serviced and
maintained by qualified and authorized personnel only.

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5. Pneumatic impact tools will be equipped with safety clips or retainers to prevent tools from being
expelled from the barrel.
6. The connections of compressed air hose with a one (1)-inch inside diameter or larger must be
chained or secured to prevent whipping in the event of separation. Compressors must be equipped
with an in line pressure reducer that will reduce line pressure in case of hose failure.
7. Chainsaws will be operated only by qualified operators following manufacturers operating
instructions and wearing appropriate eye, ear, hand, and leg protection.
8. Damaged, defective, or worn tools will be tagged and removed from service until repaired.
9. Pressure blasting, grinding, and saw cutting may present special hazards and will be done using
appropriate personal protective equipment and work practices.
10 Cut off/chopsaws will be operated by qualified operators following manufacturers operating
instructions. Appropriate personal protection shall be worn including eye, ear, hand, and foot
protection.

HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM

A. INTRODUCTION
1. This written Hazard Communication Program applies to all operations which MAY expose
employees to hazardous chemicals as a result of normal work conditions or as the result of a
reasonably foreseeable emergency.
2. Hazardous Substances or Hazardous Chemicals are chemicals, materials, or mixtures which
contain ingredients that may create physical or health hazards.
3. Exposure is any situation arising from work conditions where an employee MAY ingest, inhale,
absorb or otherwise come in contact with a hazardous chemical.
4. This written Hazard Communication Program is available, upon request, to employees, their
designated representative (collective bargaining agent) and representatives of OSHC, NIOSH, or
respective implementing agency.

B. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES USED IN THE WORKPLACE

1. A list of all hazardous chemicals to which employees may be exposed; using the same identity used
on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for each chemical will be maintained with this program
at each jobsite. The list could include any of the substances which are listed in subsection H of this
section.

C. LABELS
1. When hazardous chemicals are received, the Supervisor shall examine the containers to
determine if the labels provide the following information:
a. The identity of the hazardous chemicals they contain; and
b. Appropriate warnings of the physical and health hazards associated with those chemicals.
2. When hazardous chemicals are transferred into portable or secondary containers, the Supervisor
shall ensure that the portable containers are labeled with the following information:
a. The identity of the hazardous chemicals they contain; and
b. Appropriate warnings of the physical and health hazards associated with those chemicals.
Portable containers may be labeled with an extra copy of the manufacturers label or with a
printed label which includes (a) and (b) above.

88
Exception: When an employee transfers a hazardous chemical into a portable container for his/her
own immediate use, the portable container need not be labeled.
3. Supervisors shall ensure that the labels on containers of hazardous chemicals are not removed or
defaced unless the containers are immediately relabeled with the following information:
a. The identity of the hazardous chemicals they contain; and
b. Appropriate warnings of the physical and health hazards associated with those chemicals.
4. Containers without complete labels or with defaced labels shall not be used on the job.

D. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS

1. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) are documents which supply information about a particular
hazardous chemical or mixture. Manufacturers are required to provide MSDSs when the hazardous
chemical is sold to distributors or purchasers.
2. An MSDS for each hazardous substance which employees may be exposed to will be maintained at
the work location or at a central location in the District/Plant/Project Office.

E. INFORMATION AND TRAINING

1. When employees are exposed, or could be exposed, to hazardous chemicals in their work area, they
shall be provided information and training by the Safety Department or Supervisor based on the
data contained in the MSDSs for those hazardous chemicals.
2. Training shall be provided before employees are assigned duties which may cause exposure to
hazardous chemicals. Training shall also be given when new hazardous chemicals are introduced
into the work area or when an MSDS is changed.
3. Information and training may be conducted and documented as a toolbox or tailgate safety
meeting or Safety Training Record (STR), and shall provide at least the following:
a. Content of the Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CNR 1926.59 or 8 CCR Section 5194.
b. Identification of the hazardous chemicals to which employees are exposed.
c. The availability and location of this written Hazard Communication Program (including a list of
chemicals) and MSDSs.
d. The methods and observations that can be used to detect the presence of a hazardous chemical
in the work place (odor, visual appearance, or monitoring).
e. Any physical or health hazards associated with the use of a hazardous chemical or mixture being
used in the work area.
f. Proper precautions for handling, including specific procedures the company has implemented to
protect workers from exposure such as personal protective equipment, work practices and
emergency procedures.
g. Details of the Hazard Communication Program, including how to read an MSDS and labeling
system.
h. Emergency procedures for spills, fires, disposal, and first aid.
i. The right of employees, their physicians or their collective bargaining agents, OSHC and
NIOSH, to receive information on hazardous chemicals to which they may be exposed.
j. The right against discharge or discrimination due to an employees exercise of the rights afforded
by law.
4. Employees who are exposed, or could be exposed, to Prop 65 Chemicals in their work area.
Employees shall separately comply with the Prop 65 training and work area safety procedures
specified below in Section I.
NOTE: It is critically important that employees understand the training.

F. NON-ROUTINE TASK TRAINING

When employees are assigned to a non-routine task that may expose them to a hazardous chemical for
which they have not been trained, they shall be trained in the manner required by Section E above.

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G. ACCESS TO INFORMATION BY OTHER EMPLOYERS
1. When employees of another employer (e.g. a subcontractor) may be exposed to hazardous
chemicals while working on one of our jobsites, the employer shall be provided with a list of the
hazardous chemicals we are using at that jobsite by the Supervisor. The Supervisor shall also give
the employer access to our collection of MSDSs as well as suggestions for appropriate protective
measures needed for exposure to such chemicals. Names and addresses of suppliers or
manufacturers of the hazardous chemicals we use shall also be provided so that the visiting
employer may obtain MSDSs and other information.
2. When another company uses hazardous chemicals while working on one of our jobsites, that
visiting employer shall provide the company with a copy of their written Hazard Communication
Program and a list of the chemicals to which our employees may be exposed, as well as a copy of
the MSDSs for those chemicals.

H. MATERIALS FOUND ON CONSTRUCTION SITES WHICH MAY CONTAIN

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
The following list identifies hazardous substances which may be present at a work location. This list
reflects appropriate Business Emergency Response Plan (BERP) or Hazardous Materials Management
Plan (HMMP) inventory as requested by SARA III and any hazardous chemicals not included in the
BERP or HMMP but located on the site.

I. PROPOSITION 65
The Region of NCR has determined that certain substances have the potential to cause cancer or harm
the human reproductive system. The law is intended to prevent the knowing discharge of these
chemicals or products into water or land where they may pass into any source of drinking water, and
to give warning to individuals who may be exposed to such chemicals. Since the average job may
have several of these chemicals in use or storage, each location shall take the following steps:
1. Post the Prop. 65 warning sign (for chemicals known to cause cancer or birth defects).
2. Employees shall control their work so no employee is knowingly and intentionally exposed to a
Prop. 65 labeled substances without clear and reasonable warning (read the labels, heed
precautions, follow handling instructions, and refer to MSDS as needed).
3. Employees shall control their work so that no employee shall knowingly discharge or release a
Prop. 65 labeled chemical which could enter any source of drinking water (follow handling and
disposal instructions).
4. Existing employees shall attend a Prop 65 safety meeting and shall sign a Prop 65 Warning. New
employees shall attend a Prop 65 safety orientation and shall sign a Prop 65 Warning before
commencing employment. Each employee shall acknowledge that chemicals known to the Region
of NCR to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm are present in their work area.
The Prop 65 Warning shall be of similar form and content as the attachment.
5. All employees shall submit to, and cooperate with, periodic monitoring of their compliance with
Prop 65 safety procedures in their work area.

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 LIST OF POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES COMMONLY FOUND ON
CONSTRUCTION/PLANT SITES

Acetone Foam Release Products, Paint Stripper

Acetylene Gas Separating Agents Paints/Lacquers
Acrylates in Adhesives, Freon 20, R20 (& others) Particle Board
Resins Fungicides Pentachlorophenol
Adhesives Galvanized Steel & Pesticides
Aluminum Etching Agent Other Welding Fumes Phenol
Ammonia Gasoline Plastic Wood
Anti-Freeze Glues Polishes for Metal Floors
Arsenic Compounds Glycol Ether Solvents Polynuclear Aromatic
Asbestos-Containing Graphite Hydrocarbons (in asphalt &
Materials Greases coal tar)
& Serpentine Rock Helium (in cylinders) Primers
Asphalt & Asphalt Fumes Hydraulic Brake Fluid Propanol
Benzene in Fuels & Hydrochloric Acid Putty
Solvents Hydrogen (in cylinders) Quartz Dust (crystalline
Bitumin Insulation Materials silica)
Bleaching Agents Iron Dust & Fume Resins, Epoxy/Synthetics
Carbon Black Isocyanates in Polyurethane Sand (crystalline silica)
Catalysts & Hardeners Resins Sealers
Caulking, Sealant Agents Kerosene Shellac
Caustic Soda (sodium Lead Solder, Flux (zinc chloride,
hydroxide) Lime (calcium oxide) fluorides, etc.)
Cement Dust Limestone Solder, soft (lead, tin)
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Lubricating Oils Solvents
Solvents Magnesium Styrene (in polymer-based
Chromate Salts Man-Made Mineral Fibers asphalt)
Chromium (mineral wool, ceramic Sulfuric Acid
Cleaning Agents fibers) Thinner, Paint/Lacquer
Coal Tar Pitch Metals (aluminum, nickel, Tin Compounds in wood
Coatings copper, zinc, cadmium, iron, preservatives & pesticides
Cobalt etc.) Toluene in additives,
Concrete Curing Methanol (methyl alcohol) solvents, paints
Compounds Methyl Ethyl Ketone Transite
Creosol (2-butanone) Turpentine, Gum Spirit, Oil
Cutting Oil (oil mist) Methylene Chloride of Turpentine
Diesel Fuel & Diesel Fumes (dichloromethane) Varnishes
Drywall, Skim Coat & Motor Exhaust (gasoline & Waterproofing Agents
Joint Compounds diesel) Waxes
Dusts (brick, cement block) Muriatic Acid (hydrochloric Welding Rods & Electrodes
Enamel acid) Wood Alcohol (methanol)
Epoxy Resins & Hardeners Naphtha (coal tar) Wood Dust
Etching Agents Nitroglycerin Wood Preservative
Ethyl Alcohol Oxalic Acid Xylene
Fiberglass, Mineral Wool Ozone Zinc
Foam Insulation Paint Remover

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 HAZARDOUS WASTE

BACKGROUND
Philippines Hazardous Waste Control Law requires that generators of hazardous waste (waste
products and materials that pose a present or potential hazard to human health or the environment)
comply with specific disposal procedures including:
1. Applying for an EPA generator ID number.
2. Classifying, sorting and packaging the materials according to EPA standards; unknown
materials must be tested and characterized.
3. The preparation of a hazardous waste manifest.
4. Transportation of materials by an authorized hazardous waste hauler to an authorized hazardous
waste dump.
5. Payment of hazardous waste generator taxes as well as analysis, container, handling,
transportation, and dump fees.
6. Record keeping of documents.

PROCEDURES
EEI Corp. seeks to avoid becoming a generator of hazardous waste whenever possible. Take the
following steps to avoid becoming a hazardous waste generator:
1. Order only the materials that you need or can use up during the course of the project or job.
2. Control your inventory of hazardous materials; arrange to return un-needed, un-opened containers
to the supplier whenever possible.
3. Store hazardous materials on the jobsite or work location in a manner which will prevent them
from becoming contaminated (hazardous waste).
4. Attempt to find other projects that can use opened uncontaminated material that cannot be returned
to the supplier.
5. Remember that owner-stored hazardous materials belong to the owner. Also, hazardous materials
from an existing facility which are not recycled (e.g. PCB light ballasts or asbestos materials)
remain the owners property. EEI supervision may assist owners in disposing of their hazardous
waste, but the EPA Generators ID number used shall be the owners number.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL REQUIREMENT

1. Employees must be physically capable of performing their assigned duties safely.
2. No person will knowingly be permitted on the work location or jobsite whose health or physical
condition might be detrimental to their safety or the safety of others.
3. No person will knowingly be permitted on the jobsite or work location while under the influence of
any form of intoxicant.
4. All drivers of vehicles with a rated capacity of more than 26,000 pounds and those carrying loads
requiring placards will be required to pass a biannual physical examination in accordance with the
applicable National or Regional regulations.
5. All operators of equipment, vehicles, and machinery must be able to read and understand the signs,
signals, and operating instructions in use.
6. Employees will not be required or allowed to wear a respirator unless they have been examined by
a licensed physician. The physician must determine if they are physically able to perform work
while using the required respirator protective equipment.

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7. All crane operators will be required to pass a physical examination by a licensed physician every
two years and will meet the following minimum qualifications:
a. Vision of at least 20/30 Snellen in one eye and 20/50 in the other, with or without corrective
lenses.
b. Ability to distinguish colors, if required for safe operation.
c. Normal depth perception and field of vision.
d. Adequate hearing, with or without hearing aid.
e. Sufficient strength, endurance, agility, coordination, and speed of reaction to meet equipment
demands.
f. No evidence of physical defects or emotional instability that could interfere with performance.
g. No evidence of proneness to seizures or loss of physical control.

HEAT ILLNESS
Background of the Regulation:
From 1979 1999, excess heat exposure caused 8,015 deaths in the Philippines. During this period,
more people died from extreme heat than from hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes, floods, and
earthquakes combined.
In the summer of 2005, there were four work-related deaths in Philippines. Governor Revilla ensured
that new emergency regulations be adopted to specifically address heat illness in the workplace. This
regulation, adopted August 12, 2005 will be in effect for 120 days and then replaced by permanent
regulations in 2006.

What is Heat Illness?

Heat illness results from the human bodys inability to cope with a particular heat load and can result
in heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat syncope or heat stroke. Heat Cramps are caused by performing
strenuous physical labor in a hot environment. Cramps are painful spasms of the muscles caused by
the bodys loss of salt and by lack of water replenishment. Excess salt can build up in the body if
water is not replaced.
Treatment: Drink water, rest in the shade, get near a fan, spray the person with water, and massage the
cramp. Severe cramps require medical attention.

Heat Exhaustion results from loss of fluid through sweating and not drinking enough fluids. Signs of
heat exhaustion include cool, moist, pale flushed or red skin; heavy sweating; headache, nausea or
vomiting; dizziness; giddiness and extreme weakness or fatigue. The skin is clammy and moist while
body temperature will be near normal or slightly elevated.
Treatment: Get the person to a cooler area. If the person is fully awake, water may be administered
slowly, remove tight clothing and apply cool compresses. If the person refuses water, vomit, or lose
consciousness, call 1-1-7 and notify your supervisor and safety representative.

Heat Syncope (Fainting) is due to a person not being acclimated to hot environments and who is
standing erect and immobile in the heat may faint. This is due to blood vessels in the skin and in the
lower part of the body dilating causing blood to pool rather than return to the heart to be pumped to
the brain. Dizziness or fainting follows shortly.

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Treatment: This condition is usually short-lasting and improves after lying down in a cool
environment. However, if the fainting lasts for more than a minute, or is accompanied by a change in
mental state, call 1-1-7 and notify your supervisor and safety representative.

Heat Stroke is the most serious heat illness. This occurs when the bodys ability to regulate internal
temperature fails and the body temperature rises to critical levels. Signs and symptoms: lack of
sweating, confusion, irrational behavior, loss of consciousness, convulsions, usually hot, dry skin and
high body temperature (105.8 degrees F) which may lead to death. Victims of heat stroke usually die
unless treated promptly.
Treatment: This is a medical emergency, call 1-1-7 immediately! Before help arrives, have the person
lie down in a shady area or get them indoors. Soak the persons clothing in cool water or remove
clothing and gently apply cool water to the skin followed by fanning to stimulate sweating. Apply ice
packs to the groin and armpits.

What Contributes to Heat Illness?

Environmental Risk Factors for heat illness means working conditions that affect the possibility that
heat illness could occur include:
Air temperature
Relative humidity
Radiant heat from the sun and other sources (e.g. asphalt)
Conductive heat sources such as the ground
Air movement
How hard someone is working (severity) and how long (duration)
Protective clothing and personal protective equipment.

Personal Risk Factors for heat illness includes such things as:
Age
Weight
Physical fitness
Metabolism
Acclimatization to the heat
Prescription medication
Water consumption
Alcohol consumption
Caffeine consumption
And other conditions that affect a persons water retention or physiological responses to heat.

Heat Illness Risk Reduction:

1. Recognize the Hazard. There is no absolute cut-off below which work in heat is not a risk. With
heavy work at high relative humidity or if workers are wearing protective clothing, even work at
70 degrees F can present a risk. In the relative humidity levels often found in areas where we
work, even 80 degrees F can pose a problem. At temperatures above 90 degrees F with heavy
work, heat risk reduction needs to be a major concern.
2. Water. There must be an adequate supply of clean, cool, potable (drinking) water. Employees who
are working in the heat need to drink 3 4 glasses of water per hour, including at the start of shift,
in order to replace the water lost to sweat. For an 8-hour day, this means having at least 2 or more
gallons per person. Ensure there are enough 5- gallon water-filled coolers available for the crew
throughout the day. Thirst is an unreliable indicator of dehydration. Encourage our people to
consume enough water daily, especially when the load out or process does not encourage breaks.
3. Shade. The direct heat of the sun can add as much as 15 degrees to the heat index. If possible,
work should be performed in the shade. In not, portable tents should be provided for breaks and

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 when employees need relief from the sun. Wide brimmed hard hats can also decrease the impact of
direct heat.
4. Acclimization. People need time for their bodies to adjust to working in the heat. This
acclimization is particularly important for employees returning to work after (1) a prolonged
absence, (2) recent illness, or (3) recently moving from a cool to a hot climate.
Monitor employees closely for signs and symptoms of heat illness particularly when they have not
been working in the heat and when a heat wave occurs.
5. Rest Breaks. Rest breaks are important to reduce internal heat load and provide time for the body
to cool. Heat illness occurs due to a combination of environmental and internal heat that cannot be
adequately dissipated. Breaks should be encouraged and taken in cooler, shaded areas. Breaks also
provide an opportunity to drink water.
6. Prompt Medical Attention. Recognizing the symptoms of heat illness and providing an effective
response requires promptly acting on early warning signs. If you believe someone is having
difficulty, contact your supervisor or safety representative immediately. Common early symptoms
and signs of heat illness include headache, muscle cramps, and unusual fatigue. However,
progression to more serious illness can be rapid and can include unusual behavior,
nausea/vomiting, weakness, rapid pulse, excessive sweating or hot dry skin, seizures, and fainting
or loss of consciousness. Any of these symptoms require immediate attention. Even the initial
symptoms may indicate serious heat exposure. If you suspect heat illness, call 1-1-7 and notify
your supervisor or safety representative immediately. Regardless of the employees resistance or
protest, no employee with any of the symptoms of possible heat illness noted above should be sent
home or left unattended without medical treatment. In any emergency requiring the use of 1-1-7,
know your location and remember to send someone to meet the medical personnel at the
jobsite/plant entrance and direct them accordingly.

Reminder:
It is important to understand that each person is different and some personal risk factors may put
some people at a higher risk of developing heat illness. It is important to be cautious in the heat and
drink plenty of water. Acclimate and report any signs of heat illness to your supervisor or safety
person immediately for appropriate medical care. The daily pre-task safety plan can be used to
address the heat illness risk reduction items as outlined above.

HIGH VOLTAGE LINE CLEARANCES

Clearances from Energized High Voltage Lines

Nominal Voltage Minimum Clearance Minimum Clearance
(Phase to Phase) for People and for Lifting and
Most Equipment Hoisting Machinery
(Feet) (Feet)

600 . . . . . . . 50,000 6 10
over 50,000 . . . . . . . 75,000 10 11
over 75,000 . . . . . . 125,000 10 13
over 125,000 . . . . . . 175,000 10 15
over 175,000 . . . . . . 250,000 10 17
over 250,000 . . . . . . 345,000 10 21
over 345,000 . . . . . . 370,000 16 21
over 370,000 . . . . . . 550,000 16 27

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 over 550,000 . . . . . . 750,000 16 42
over 750,000 . . . . 1,000,000 20 42
HOUSEKEEPING
1. Work and storage areas will be maintained in a clean and orderly condition.
2. Materials will be stored in a way that ensures stability.
3. Rubbish, debris, and waste in work areas should be collected and removed for disposal at least
daily.
4. Protruding nails and spikes (in boards, planks, etc.) will be bent down or removed.
5. Flammable or combustible liquid storage and dispensing areas will be kept clear of other
combustible materials and will be separated from other work areas and facilities.
6. Appropriate cleanup materials are available for leaks or spills of flammables or other hazardous
materials.
7. Leftover hazardous products and waste are properly stored, labeled, and disposed of according to
the instructions on the products Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

IMPALEMENT PREVENTION
1. Employees will be protected from the hazard of impalement working around or over exposed,
vertically or horizontally projecting, reinforcing steel, or other similar projections as follows:
a. Employees working at grade or at the same surface as exposed protruding reinforcing steel or
other similar projections will be protected by guarding the exposed ends with protected rebar
covers, rebar troughs, or rebar caps.
b. Employees working above grade or any surface and exposed to protruding reinforcing steel
or other similar projections will be protected by a fall protection system or protective rebar
covers.
c. Rebar troughs may not be used as substitutes for engineers or manufactured protective rebar
covers when employees are working at heights greater than six feet above grade or other
working surface.
d. Rebar caps may not be used as impalement protection for employees working above grade on
any surface.
2. Protective rebar covers will be made of wood, plastic, or other similar material. If protective rebar
covers are job-built, they will be designed by a registered professional engineer. A copy of the
engineering drawing(s) depicting the job-built protective rebar covers will be kept at the jobsite or
work location.
3. Job-built wood protective rebar covers and rebar troughs will be constructed of at least Standard
Grade Douglas Fir.
4. Rebar caps will be made of rigid molded plastic or similar material and be the proper size for the
reinforcing steel being covered. Rebar caps may not be job-built.

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 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
A. INTRODUCTION
1. One of the most important and effective tools in injury prevention is the Job Hazard Analysis
(JHA). The following is a guide to assist personnel in developing a JHA for each type of operation.
2. The fundamentals of JHA are:
a. Each type of operation or major phase of work can be broken down into a series of general
steps. Types of operations could include mobilization, grading, paving, excavations and so
forth.
b. The hazards associated with each step can be identified.
c. Controls can be identified or developed to eliminate or reduce the severity of the hazards.
d. Instruct or train personnel involved in the specific work.

B. DEVELOPMENT
1. The JHA process ideally involves personnel at various levels throughout the organization. Each
JHA should, to the extent possible, be developed through the cooperation and participation of the
affected users including the Estimator, Superintendent, Foreman, Safety Department personnel and
affected employee(s). The Plant/District Manager should encourage the development of JHAs and
participate when possible.
2. Each type of operation or major phase of work should be broken down into a series of general
steps. Each step or activity should be described (briefly) in the order it will be performed.
3. After each general step of the operation has been identified, the hazards associated with each step
should be identified, to the extent practicable. The following questions should be asked about each
step to help identify the potential hazards:
a. Can anyone come in contact with an energy source (electricity, noise, radiant energy) or
hazardous materials (chemicals, dust)?
b. Can anyone be struck by a moving, falling, or flying object?
c. Can anyone strike against a stationary or moving object?
d. Can anyone be caught in, under or between anything?
e. Can anyone slip, trip or fall?
f. Will there be any lifting, pushing or pulling of heavy objects or materials?
g. Will anyone have limited visibility due to dust, smoke, or low light conditions?
h. Will there be any fire hazards?
i. Will there be any environmental hazards (rain, lightning, and darkness)?
4. After the potential hazards have been identified for each step, appropriate controls to eliminate or
reduce the accident producing potential of the hazards must be identified. If the hazards cannot be
designed out of the job steps, other forms of protection must be provided (e.g., personal protective
equipment, training, etc.) to reduce the hazard to employees.

C. IMPLEMENTATION
1. Before starting a new operation and before the next step of an ongoing operation, the JHA should
be reviewed in a tool box or tailgate safety meeting, with all employees potentially exposed to the
hazards.
2. Supervisors should instruct new or transferring employees using the JHA developed for the steps of
operations to which those employees will be assigned.

D. REVIEW
1. A periodic review of each JHA should be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the controls in
eliminating or reducing hazards identified in each operation.
2. The review provides an opportunity to reevaluate each step and amend the JHA to incorporate the
latest and most effective methods of performing the work.

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 LEAD
1. In general, lead exposure by inhalation poses the greatest risk because lead fumes and fine lead
dust are readily absorbed into the blood system, while, if ingested, just ten percent (10%) of the
lead becomes absorbed. Most lead poisonings are the result of prolonged exposure, not single
events.
2. When working with lead-jacketed cable or other lead-containing materials, care should be taken
not to fragment the material and release airborne dust.
3. Workers should wash their hands and face upon completion of the work and prior to eating,
drinking, or smoking.

LIFTING
1. Wherever feasible, equipment (forklifts, hand trucks, hoists, etc.) should be used instead of
manual labor.
2. Jobsite inspection should identify the following and train employees on proper handling
procedures:
Materials which are lifting hazards (bulky objects, or objects where sudden weight shifts may
occur, such as bags),
Tasks which require lifting, twisting or bending while holding heavy materials,
Whether or not workers are wearing back belts and, if they are wearing them properly (tightly
around the waist).
3. Areas where employees will be carrying materials must be kept free of trip hazards and other
obstacles that may result in injury.
4. Where feasible, areas where employees lift heavy objects or put them down must be organized to
reduce risk of injury. For example, if workers are lifting bags of concrete from a pallet, raise the
pallet up to a height where employees wont have to squat down before lifting.
5. Employees should be instructed to have a firm hold on materials prior to lifting.
6. Employees should be instructed not to attempt to lift an object to determine whether it is too
heavy to lift.
7. In general, the basic rules of lifting are:
Keep your back as straight as possible,
Avoid twisting of the torso during lifting and carrying, and
Use leg, arm, and stomach muscles instead of back muscles.

MOBILE EQUIPMENT
1. All earthmoving (heavy) equipment will be maintained in safe working condition and will be
appropriate and adequate for the intended use.
2. Equipment will be operated only by authorized personnel. Operators of equipment, machinery, or
vehicles must be qualified and properly licensed for the operation involved.
3. Equipment maintenance is to be performed only by qualified mechanics.
4. Equipment operators and truck drivers will make a documented daily pre-shift walk around safety
inspection of their equipment, and any conditions that effect safe operation will be corrected before
further use.

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5. Equipment will not be operated unless all required safety devices are in place and functioning
properly.
6. Careless, reckless, or otherwise unsafe operation or use of equipment will result in discipline and
may constitute grounds for dismissal.
7. Before performing any service or repair work, all equipment will be stopped and positively secured
against movement or operation, locked and tagged out of service, unless it is designed to be
serviced while running, following the manufacturers instructions.
8. When equipment is serviced or repaired, the operator will dismount until the service or repair is
completed and then make a complete walk-around safety check before remounting.
9. All bi-directional earthmoving equipment and motor vehicles with an obstructed view to the rear
will be equipped with a warning horn and an automatic back up alarm that can be heard above
and distinguished from the surrounding noise level.
10. All off-highway earthmoving equipment and trucks such as loaders, dozers, scrapers, motor
graders, rock trucks, tractors, rollers and compactors will be equipped with rollover protective
structures (ROPS) and seat belts, following the applicable regulations (OSHC, PMSEA, USBR,
COE).
11. Seat safety belts will be installed on and used by the operators of equipment provided with ROPS.
12. Mobile equipment will not be left unattended unless parked securely to prevent movement, with
all ground engaging tools lowered to the ground, brakes set and engine off.
13. Equipment parked at night will be lighted, barricaded, or otherwise clearly marked where exposed
to traffic.
14. Personnel will not be transported or ride on equipment or vehicles that are not equipped with seats
for passengers.
15. When fueling equipment or vehicles with gasoline or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) the engine
will be shut down. The operator is to leave the seat of the vehicle while it is being fueled.
16. All equipment and vehicles where a fire or its escape could impede escape will be equipped with
appropriate fire extinguishers or a fire suppression system.
17. Haul roads will be designed, constructed, and maintained for safe operation consistent with the
type of haulage equipment in use. Standard traffic control signs will be used where necessary.
18. Elevated roadways will have axle high beams or guards maintained on their outer banks.
19. Equipment, tools and materials hauled on pickups and flat bed trucks must be secured to prevent
them from falling onto the road.
20. Equipment, pickups and passenger vehicles not necessary for performing the work should be
parked well away from the work area to reduce congestion and avoid collisions.

NOISE
1. Approved hearing protective equipment (noise attenuating devices such as ear plugs and/or ear
muffs) must be made available to every employee working in noisy areas (e.g., above eighty-five
(85) dBA as an eight (8)-hour time weighted average).
2. Jobsites will be evaluated for the presence of noise levels which exceed the stated limits as
established by state and National regulations. Hearing protective equipment shall be worn in these
locations to minimize noise-induced hearing loss.
3. The employee will ensure good hygiene/maintenance relating to hearing protective equipment (e.g.
sanitize muffs daily with alcohol wipes, discard soiled earplugs).

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 OFFICE SAFETY
1. Report unsafe electrical cords, faulty electrical or other equipment, or any other hazardous
conditions to the responsible Supervisor or to the Safety Department.
2. Keep the floor free of hazards such as telephone cords, electric extension cords, and paper cartons.
3. Pull out only one drawer of file cabinets at a time to avoid tipping over (unless the cabinet is
securely fastened to the wall or to other cabinets).
4. Keep desk drawers and file cabinets closed when not in use.
5. Store material on shelves carefully to prevent it from falling. Place heavy objects on lower shelves.
6. Walk cautiously up and down stairs and always use the handrail. Avoid using stairs when both
hands are occupied.
7. Do not place broken glass or other sharp objects in wastepaper containers. Chemicals, batteries, or
matches should not be discarded with waste paper. No open flames are allowed.
8. Consider your safety when you dress for the job. Loose fitting clothing, dangling bracelets, rings,
and ties may cause serious injury to employees operating or working around power driven office
machines (copy machines, shredding machines, etc.). Long hair also presents a hazard near these
machines as well as high heels, etc.
9. Do not attempt to clean, oil, or adjust any machines that are running or plugged in. Refer the
problem to your Supervisor.
10. Make certain that you use solvents and other volatile or toxic substances only with adequate
personal protection and in well-ventilated areas and never use them to clean desks or other office
surfaces.
11. Do not use portable fans unless they have protective guards or are securely placed.
12. Even a simple thing like sitting on the edge of a chair can cause injury. Do not tilt back when
sitting in a straight chair. Do not attempt to sit in a chair you think is defective, report it.
13. Never use boxes, chairs, etc. in place of ladders.
14. Use caution when walking around blind corners, especially when carrying objects.
15. Report all injuries to your Supervisor immediately.
16. Any unsafe equipment (i.e., chairs, tables, desks, floor covering, file cabinets, etc.) should be
reported to your Supervisor.
17. Use caution when plugging and unplugging electrical cords. Damaged cords or prongs need to be
reported to your Supervisor immediately and replaced.
18. Use caution when handling hot liquids.

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
1. Each office must prepare, in writing, a site-specific emergency action plan. The plan should be
developed to protect employees in case of fire, earthquake, bomb threat or other emergencies. The
plan must include at least the following:
Emergency escape procedures
Emergency escape route assignments
Procedures for employees to follow while evacuating the office
A procedure to account for employees after an evacuation
Rescue and first aid duties of employees
The method employees should use to report an emergency
An explanation of how employees can get more information about their duties.
2. Each office must establish an alarm/notification system to notify employees of necessary
emergency action. Where an office is regularly occupied by 10 or fewer employees, the
notification of an emergency condition may be done by voice as long as all the affected employees
can hear the notification.
3. Emergency drills will be conducted periodically to keep employees prepared to evacuate the office
and respond to emergency conditions.

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OFFICE ERGONOMICS CHECKLIST:
Maintain proper posture, paying careful attention to positioning of head, neck/spine, arms/wrists,
hip/thighs, and feet.
Alternate between different postures on a regular basis.
When keyboarding, use minimum force while striking the keys.
Keep a neutral wrist position, where the forearms, wrists, and hands are in a straight line.
Avoid awkward reaching for work tools such as telephone, mouse, and reference materials.
Avoid resting elbows, forearms, or wrists on hard surfaces or sharp edges.
Take frequent mini-breaks throughout the day to give muscles and joints a chance to rest and
recover.
Alternate between work activities, which use different muscle groups to avoid overuse.
Give eyes a break by closing them shortly, gazing at a distant object, and blinking frequently.
Proper exercises are a complement to a complete office ergonomics program.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

1. Appropriate clothing attire, including long pants and a T-shirt with sleeves, will be worn.
2. Personal protective equipment will be required to be used as necessary for protection from
recognized hazards.
3. The wearing of sturdy work boots with substantial soles, preferably safety toed, is required for
proper foot protection. Additional foot protection such as rubber boots or steel-toed protectors
may be required where there is exposure to special hazards.
4. Unless otherwise approved, authorized white hard hats will always be worn, e.g., where
employees are exposed to overhead hazards, falling objects or moving machinery. Metal hard
hats are prohibited. Hard hats will meet the requirements of ANSI Z89.1-1997 Class E.
5. Eye protection shall be worn at all times while in facilities, jobsites, or plants. Appropriate eye
and face protection will be used by personnel exposed to injury from dust, flying particles,
splashes and other physical, chemical or radiation agents. Eye and face protectors will meet the
requirements of ANSI Z87.1 - 1989. Faceshields are not adequate eye protection and should
only be worn over primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles).
6. Personnel on foot who are exposed to mobile equipment or motor vehicle traffic will wear high
visibility orange, fluorescent yellow or yellow-green vests or equivalent high visibility apparel.
Note: All personnel on a work location must wear the same color. During the hours of darkness
the high visibility safety apparel must be reflectorized with at least one horizontal stripe around
the torso as well as two vertical stripes with a minimum of a two-inch stripe. Reflectorized
pants shall have a minimum of two, two inch horizontal stripes around each leg.
7. Appropriate hand protection will be used by personnel when handling hazardous materials, hot
objects or tools or equipment which may cause hand injuries.
8. When employees are required or allowed to wear respiratory protective equipment because of
exposure to respiratory hazards, such as, dusts, fumes, mists, vapors or gases, appropriate
respiratory protective equipment will be provided and employees will be trained in their use
following the Respiratory Protection Program.
9. Appropriate hearing protection, such as, plugs or muffs, will be used when noise levels exceed
eighty-five (85) decibels. Exposure to impact noise will not exceed one-hundred forty (140)
decibels peak sound pressure levels.
10. Personnel driving and passengers riding in any vehicles will use seat safety belts.

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 11. All employer-provided or employee-owned personal protective equipment shall be maintained
in a safe, sanitary condition.

PUBLIC PROTECTION

1. Warning signs and devices will be placed as necessary to provide adequate warning of hazards to
the public.
2. Visitors will not be permitted in work areas without clearance unless accompanied by a proper
escort. Visitors will wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
3. Open trench excavations will be backfilled when practicable, or otherwise protected.
4. Mobile equipment will be secured when left unattended by parking on level ground, lower blades
and booms to the ground, setting brakes, placing blocks, locking ignition, marking and lighting
where exposed to traffic, or other means as may be appropriate to avoid tampering and hazards to
persons or property.
5. If it becomes necessary to delay, detour, or otherwise inconvenience the public, every effort will be
made to do so as courteously and as efficiently as possible.
6. Measures will be taken to control noise and dust levels created by our operations to comply with
the applicable job specifications, National or Regional regulations, and local ordinances.
7. Work should be planned and conducted in a way that will not obstruct or inconvenience the public
on existing roads outside the project.
8. If necessary to operate on existing roads outside the construction area, all necessary permits will be
obtained from the appropriate public or private authority.
9. If spillage of earth, rock, mud or other material occurs on project or other roads, such spillage will
be removed and kept cleared throughout the day and at the end of each workday.
10. Temporary traffic control plans shall address all road users including motor vehicles, pedestrians,
bicyclists, and persons with disabilities.

RIGGING

1. Rigging components will be used according to the manufacturers recommendations and safe
working loads.
2. All personnel performing rigging operations for lifting shall be trained and authorized.
3. All rigging used in lifting applications must have permanently affixed durable identification of size,
grade, rated capacity and manufacture. Identification must be legible.
4. All rigging including slings, chains, cables, hooks, shackles, and fittings will be inspected for wear
and damage before each use. All deficient rigging equipment will be immediately removed from
service. Any rigging equipment damaged during use will be immediately removed from service.
5. Chains should not be used for load carrying service.

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6. If it becomes necessary to use chains for load carrying service, only welded alloy steel chain slings
having permanently affixed durable identification of size, grade, rated capacity and manufacturer,
will be used and every link will be thoroughly inspected for evidence of cracks, elongation, wear
and other signs of damage before each use.
7. Hooks will be closed when there is a danger of relieving tension on the hook due to load fouling or
loss of tension and whenever lifting personnel or lifting loads over personnel.
8. Hooks, rings and other attachments will have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the chain
being used.
9. Rigging equipment such as slings and chokers shall be properly attached and shall be protected
from damage by sharp edges of the load.
10. Tag lines for controlling loads will be used when necessary for protection of personnel and
property.
11. When shackles are used, the live end of the sling or choker will not run across the shackle pin.
12. Before rigging any load, the following precautions will be taken:
a. Determine the weight of the load.
b. Determine the center of gravity and size of the load.
c. Obtain rigging equipment with appropriate size and rated capacity for the load, providing a
safety factor of at least five.
d. Inspect all rigging equipment and remove any components with defects that effect safety.

SANITATION

1. Drinking water will be provided from sources approved by appropriate health authorities.
2. All outlets dispensing non-potable water will be conspicuously posted, WATER -- UNFIT FOR
DRINKING or other appropriate language.
3. Disposable, single use cups will be provided for drinking water. Used cups will be disposed of
properly.
4. Adequate toilet facilities will be provided for employees, consisting of at least one portable
chemical toilet at each jobsite or work location for each 20 employees, unless transportation to
other facilities is readily available.
5. Washing facilities, including soap, water, and single-use towels, will be available for employees.
Washing facilities will be posted with a sign indicating the water is intended for washing.
6. Portable toilet facilities shall not be placed near storm drain facilities, creeks, or streams.
Overflows shall not pollute storm water in accordance with Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Plans (SWPPPs).

SCAFFOLDING

1. The footing or anchorage for scaffolds must be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum
intended load without settling or displacement. Unstable objects such as barrels, boxes, loose
brick, or concrete blocks must not be used to support scaffolds or planks.
2. Scaffolds and scaffold components must be inspected by a competent person before each work shift
and after any occurrence that could affect the scaffolds structural integrity.

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3. Any scaffold or scaffold component identified as damaged or defective during any inspection must
be immediately repaired, replaced or removed from service until repaired.
4. Scaffolds must be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered under the supervision of a competent
person.
5. Scaffolds and their components must be capable of supporting at least four times the maximum
intended load.
6. Standard Guardrails are required along all open sides and ends of scaffolds and platforms of any
kind that are six (6) feet or more above the ground or other walking/working level.
7. All planking or platforms should be overlapped a minimum of twelve (12) inches or secured
(cleated) from movement.
8. Scaffold planks must extend over their end supports at least six (6) inches but not more than twelve
(12) inches.
9. The platform width for any work level must not be less than twenty (20) inches.
10. A climbing ladder or stairway must be provided for proper entry and exit. It should be anchored or
built into the scaffold and located so its use will not tip the scaffold. A landing platform must be
provided at intervals of not more than thirty (30) feet.
11. A tag line is required to control materials being hoisted onto a scaffold.
12. All load carrying timber members of scaffold framing must be Selected Grade lumber. All
planking must be Scaffold Grade lumber or equivalent.
13. The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb and securely and rigidly braced to prevent
swaying and displacement.
14. Employees must not ride on scaffolds while they are being moved horizontally, unless the scaffold
was designed for movement by a registered professional engineer.
15. Scaffolding will not be center loaded. Loads must be placed near vertical supports.
16. Each employee who works while on a scaffold must be trained, by a qualified person, to
recognize and control or reduce the hazards associated with the use of the type of scaffold being
used. The training must cover, if applicable, all the following information:
a. The nature of the hazards in the work area.
b. The correct procedures for dealing with those hazards.
c. The proper uses of the scaffold and proper handling of materials on the scaffold.
d. The maximum intended load and the load-carrying capacities of the scaffold.
e. Any other pertinent job information or requirements.
17. Each employee who is involved in erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing,
maintaining or inspecting a scaffold must be trained, by a competent person, to recognize and
control or reduce the hazards associated with the use of the work being performed.
The training must include, if applicable, all the following information:
a. The nature of scaffold hazards.
b. The correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, maintaining,
or inspecting the type of scaffold being used.
c. The design criteria, maximum intended load and the load-carrying capacity and the intended
use of the scaffold.
d. Any other pertinent job information or requirements.
18. If there is any question to believe that an employee lacks the skill or understanding necessary for
the safe erection, use or dismantling of scaffolds, the employee must receive additional training to
increase the skill or understanding. Retraining is required in at least the following situations:
a. When changes at the jobsite or work location present hazards about which the employee was
not previously trained.
b. When changes in the type of scaffold, fall protection, falling object protection or other
equipment present hazards about which the employee was not trained.
c. When inadequacy in an employees work suggests that the employee has not retained the
required skill or understanding.

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 STATIONARY MACHINERY AND PLANT INSTALLATIONS
1. All conveyor drive, head, tail, and take-up pulleys seven (7) feet or less above the ground or
working level will be guarded in such a manner that prevents persons from reaching behind the
guard and being caught between the belt and the pulley.
2. All gears, sprockets, flywheels, couplings, shafts and similar moving machine parts seven feet or
less above the ground or working level will be guarded. All overhead drive pulleys where the
hazard of a broken drive belt exists will be guarded.
3. If it is necessary to remove guards to perform maintenance or repairs, the guards must be replaced
before the equipment is restarted.
4. A safe means of access, such as, ladders, ramps, stairs, or catwalks will be provided to elevated
work areas.
5. Standard guardrails, with a midrail and toeboards, will be installed on the open sides of all elevated
platforms six (6) feet or more above the ground, floor, or level below.
6. A safety inspection of each work place within a plant will be made by the supervisor at least once
each shift. Conditions which affect the safety of personnel will be corrected. A record of the
inspection and the action taken to correct any conditions identified will be maintained at the plant
site for at least one year.
7. When the entire length of a conveyor is not visible from the start switch, a positive audible alarm
will be sounded to warn personnel before the conveyor is started.
8. Whenever maintenance or repairs are performed on electrically powered machinery the electric
circuit will be de-energized and the switch will be locked open and tagged to prevent inadvertent
operation of the machinery. See Lock-Out/Tag-Out Procedures.
9. The continuity and resistance of plant grounding systems will be tested immediately after
installation, repair, or modification and annually after that. Records of the test will be maintained
at the plant office for at least one year.

TRAFFIC CONTROL
1. When work encroaches upon or is close to traveled roadways, traffic control measures will be used
according to the authorizing agency, and following Regional or National standards for uniform
traffic control signs and devices as published by the Department of Transportation. Traffic control
measures shall provide for safe movement of all road users including motor vehicles, pedestrians,
bicycles, and persons with disabilities.
2. Barricades and warning and direction signs of sufficient size and number will be placed at
appropriate locations to warn the public of lane closures and other traffic control measures.
3. The condition of traffic control devices will be monitored continuously to ensure their proper
operation.
4. Traffic control devices should be removed or covered upon completion of the work protected by
such devices.
5. Personnel on foot who are exposed to motor vehicle traffic will wear high visibility orange,
fluorescent yellow or yellow-green vests or equivalent high visibility safety apparel.
Note: All personnel on a work location must wear the same color.
During the hours of darkness, the high visibility safety apparel must be reflectorized with at least
one horizontal stripe around the torso as well as two vertical stripes with a minimum of a two-inch
stripe. Reflectorized pants shall have a minimum of two, two-inch horizontal stripes around each
leg. The retroreflective high visibility safety apparel, for nighttime activity, shall be designed to
clearly identify the wearer as a person.

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6. Flag persons will be used at all locations where barricades and signs are inadequate to control
traffic.
7. Flag persons will be trained in the proper techniques of flagging traffic prior to being assigned the
work.
8. Personnel responsible for traffic control will be trained in the fundamentals of traffic control and
the proper use of traffic control devices.
Note: Traffic control signs and devices will conform to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control
Devices for Streets and Highways. This Manual is available from the Regional Department of
Transportation.
9. Nighttime highway construction work lighting shall be provided within the work zone to illuminate
the task(s) in a manner that will minimize glare to work crews and not interfere with the vision of
oncoming motorists (e.g. providing screens, mounting lamps below the top edge of the barrier
wall, varying the beam angle, etc).

UNDERGROUND SERVICE ALERT (USA)

What is U S A?
USA stands for Underground Service Alert. It is a free notification service that is supported by utility
companies, for example, PG&E, AT&T, and Pacific Bell. When you place a call to USA, an operator
will ask where you plan to dig, and will contract all of the appropriate member company utilities that
have underground installations in the area. The utility company will come out and mark any
underground installations that have inside the area that the contractor has marked in white paint. Their
markings will be in a certain color, depending on what kind of utility it is.

Color Utility Abbreviation

Blue Water W
Orange Fire alarm FA
Telephone Tel
Railroad R
Television TV
Green Sewer S
Storm Drain SD
Red Street Lighting L
Electric E
Traffic Signals T
Yellow Gas G
Oil & Chemical Company Name
White Proposed Excavation

Under Philippine law, contractors are responsible for locating underground facilities and protecting
them once they are exposed in accordance with Government Code Sections 4216 et al. To avoid
unnecessary construction delay and possible financial loss, be sure USA is called at least two working
days before you dig, trench or excavate. An excavator discovering or causing damages to a subsurface
installation immediately shall notify the facility owner/operator.

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 WORK OVER OR NEAR WATER

1. Employees working over or near water, where the danger of drowning exists, will wear Philippine
Coast Guard approved personal flotation devices that are marked or labeled Type I PFD, Type II
PFD, Type III PFD, or a USCG approved Type V PFD that is marked or labeled for use as a work
vest for commercial use on vessels.
Exception: Personal flotation devices are not required where employees are continuously
protected by guardrails, safety nets or a personal fall arrest system in accordance with the Fall
Prevention and Protection Guidelines.
2. Before and after each use, personal flotation devices will be inspected. If there are defects that
could affect strength and buoyancy the units will not be used.
3. Philippine Coast Guard approved thirty (30)-inch ring buoys with at least one hundred fifty (150)
feet of six hundred (600)-pound capacity line will be readily available for emergency rescue
operations. Distance between ring buoys will not exceed two-hundred (200) feet.
4. One or more lifesaving boats will be provided and readily accessible at all times. Lifesaving boats
will be properly maintained, ready for emergency use, and equipped with oars and oarlocks
attached to the gunwales, boathook, anchor, ring buoy with fifty (50) feet of six hundred (600)-
pound capacity line and two personal floatation devices. Oars are not required on boats that are
powered by an inboard motor.
5. Where, because of swift current, lifeboats cannot be used, a line will be stretched across the stream
with tag lines or floating planks trailing in the water at intervals not to exceed six feet. If this is
impracticable, some other arrangement for providing effective lifelines near the water surface will
be provided.

WORKPLACE VIOLENCE

1. For employees safety and the well-being of others, employees are prohibited from making verbal
or written threats or engaging in behavior that is intimidating, threatening, harassing, coercive,
abusive or assaultive directed towards another employee, company guest or individuals engaged in
a business relationship with the Company.
2. Individuals subjected to or aware of prohibited behavior should immediately bring the matter to the
attention of their supervisors.

No.12 Manggahan St., Brgy. Bagumbayan, Quezon City 1110, Philippines

Tel. No: (632)635-0843; Facsimile No: (632)635-0861, (632)635-0609, (632)635-0612
E-mail : eeicenter@eei.com.ph

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