AC Electrical Conductivity and Dielectric

Properties of Perovskite (Pb, Ca) TiO3 Ceramic

(H. M. El-Mallah, 2012)

Name: Nur Syafkeena bt Mohd Affandi

Matric number: 2013203528
Class: PHY 592, RAS2036A
 Pb1-x Cax TiO3 Perovskite crystalline structure with x=0, 0.2, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 were prepared
by mixture method.
AC conductivity and dielectric properties have been investigated in frequency ranging from
1 x 103 to 5 x 106
Temperature ranging from 303 K to 473 K
Experimental results indicate that AC conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss
depend on the temperature and frequency.

Objectives: to study the influence of the varying Ca concentration on the AC conductivity and
dielectric properties with a view to understand the conduction mechanism involved.

Problem statement: this paper concerns with the Pb1-x Cax TiO3 (PCT), which represents a member
of perovskite materials with the varying Ca concentration as x=0, 0.2, 0.6, 0.7,
and 0.8

Experimental details:
5 bulk compositions of Pb1-x Cax TiO3 system with nominal compositions 0, 0.2, 0.6, 0.7 and
0.8 were prepared in form of disc, diameter of 1.3 cm & uniform thickness.
These samples were covered with silver paste film, and were mounted between two copper
electrodes.
AC conductivity and dielectric properties were measures using Hioki 3532 LCR meter.
Measure the sample impedance, Z, capacitance, Cp, and loss tangent tan .
Total conductivity t () were calculated from: t () = sample thickness, L/Z x area, a

Results & Discussion:

Frequency & temperature dependence of AC conductivity
Total conductivity increase linearly with increasing frequency
Values of the frequency exponent S decreases with increasing temperature
this can be attribute to hoping conduction of mobile charge carriers (ions) over barrier
between two sites, which is similar to that observed in amorphous semiconductors &
glasses.

It is showed that the frequency depend of activation energy for compositions with x=0.6, 0.7
& 0.8

Value of S Value of x
0.996 to 0.854 0
1.06 to 0.908 0.8
Frequency and temperature dependence of the dielectric constant
Electronic polarization takes place at frequencies up to 1016 Hz.
Maximum frequency of ionic polarization is 1013 Hz.
Dipolar polarization takes place at frequencies up to 1010 Hz.
Space charge occurs at frequency range from 1 to 103 Hz.
From figure 5a, b, dielectric constant increases with temperature.

Frequency and temperature dependence of the dielectric loss

Maximum barrier height Wm (eV)

Compositions
PbTiO3 0.114
Pb0.8 Ca0.2 TiO3 0.100
Pb0.4 Ca0.6 TiO3 0.091
Pb0.3 Ca0.7 TiO3 0.075
Pb0.2 Ca0.8 TiO3 0.071
Conclusion
Decreases of S with increasing temperature are similar to those observed in amorphous
semiconductor, Chalcogenide glasses and crystalline materials
The decreasing temperature dependence of the frequency exponent S points out to the
correlated barrier hopping (CBH) mechanism for AC conduction
Both dielectric constant and dielectric loss increases with temperature and decreases with
frequency through the studied ranges.
Dielectric constant may be attributed to orientation and space charge polarization
Temperature dependence of the dielectric loss is associated with the conduction loss.
The increase of Ca content in the investigated system leads to increase the AC
conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and decreases the maximum barrier
height.