Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AccordingtotheIEC61660
FromOpenElectrical
Contents
1Introduction
2CalculatingtheTotalShortCircuitCurrent
3PartialFaultCurrents
3.1FaultCurrentfromBatteries
3.2FaultCurrentfromCapacitors
3.3FaultCurrentfromRectifiers
3.4FaultCurrentfromDCMachines
3.5CorrectionFactors
4References
Introduction
ThescopeofIEC61660istodescribeamethodforcalculatingshortcircuitcurrentsinDCauxiliary
systemsinpowerplantsandsubstations.Suchsystemscanbeequippedwiththefollowingequipment,
actingasshortcircuitcurrentsources:
rectifiersinthreephaseACbridgeconnectionfor50Hz
stationaryleadacidbatteries
smoothingcapacitors
DCmotorswithindependentexcitation.
NOTERectifiersinthreephaseACbridgeconnectionfor60Hzareunderconsideration.Thedataof
otherequipmentmaybegivenbythemanufacturer.
ThisstandardisonlyconcernedwithrectifiersinthreephaseACbridgeconnection.Itisnotconcerned
withothertypesofrectifiers.
Thepurposeofthestandardistoprovideagenerallyapplicablemethodofcalculationwhichproduces
resultsofsufficientaccuracyontheconservativeside.Specialmethods,adjustedtoparticular
circumstances,maybeusediftheygiveatleastthesameprecision.Shortcircuitcurrents,resistances
andinductancesmayalsobeascertainedfromsystemtestsormeasurementsonmodelsystems.In
existingDCsystemsthenecessaryvaluescanbeascertainedfrommeasurementstakenattheassumed
shortcircuitlocation.Theloadcurrentisnottakenintoconsiderationwhencalculatingtheshortcircuit
current.Itisnecessarytodistinguishbetweentwodifferentvaluesofshortcircuitcurrent:
themaximumshortcircuitcurrentwhichdeterminestheratingoftheelectricalequipment
theminimumshortcircuitcurrentwhichcanbetakenasthebasisforfuseandprotectionratings
andsettings.
FormoreinformationpleaserefertothestandarditselfIEC616601
(https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/5700).
Figure1.Equivalentcircuitdiagramforcalculatingthepartialshort
CalculatingtheTotalShortCircuitCurrent circuitcurrents
EachDCsourceduringthefaultshallcontributetothetotalshortcircuitcurrent.Thesuperposition
principleisbeingapplied.Whenonesourceisobservedthentheotheronesarebeingdisconnectedandignored.ThepotentialDCsourcesarebattery,rectifier,capacitorand
machine.
Thepartialshortcircuitcurrentsarecalculatedforeachofthosesourcesasfollows:
for0 t tp:
Wheretpisthetimetopeakofthepartialcurrentand1istherisetimeconstantforthepartialcurrentsource.
fortp t Tk:
WhereTkisthefaultdurationtimeand2thedecaytimeconstantforthepartialcurrentsource.
Andthetotalshortcircuitcurrentisthesumasfollows:
for0 t Tk.AndnDCisthenumberoftheDCsourcescontributingthefaultcurrent,jistheobservedDCsource.
PartialFaultCurrents
FaultCurrentfromBatteries
Thepeakshortcircuitcurrentiscalculatedas:
Thequasisteadystateshortcircuitcurrentiscalculatedasfollows:
Thedecaycomponentiscalculatedas:
Therisetimeconstant(1B)andtimetopeakofshortcircuitcurrentsofbatteriesis
takenfromthediagram(Figure10.inIEC61660:1997).Thetimeconstantofthebattery
TBisassumedtobe30ms.Thedecaytimeconstant(2B)isassumedto100ms.RBBris
Figure2.Timetopeakandrisetimeconstant(Figure10.IEC61660:1997)
thesumofthebatteryinternalresistanceandtheline(path)resistanceuptothefault
location(RBBr=0,9RB+RBr).LBBristhesumofthebatteryinternalinductanceandthe
line(path)inductanceuptothefaultlocation.
http://openelectrical.org/wiki/index.php?title=According_to_the_IEC_61660 1/4
2/11/2017 AccordingtotheIEC61660OpenElectrical
Risetimecurrent,for0ttpB:
Decaytimecurrent,fortpBtTk:
Andthetotalcurrentfromthebatteryis:
FaultCurrentfromCapacitors
Thepeakshortcircuitcurrentiscalculatedusing:
WhereECisthevoltageofthecapacitorterminalbeforethefault,andRCBristhesumof
capacitorandbranchresistance,uptothefaultlocation.ThefactorCdependsonthe
eigenfrequency0andthedecaycoefficient,asfollows:
LCBristheinductanceofthecapacitorandcommonbranchuptothefaultlocation.
a)If>0:
Figure3.Factork1Ctodeterminerisetimeconstant(Figure14.IEC61660:1997)
b)If<0:
c)If=0:
Figure4.Factork2Ctodeterminedecaytimeconstant(Figure15.IEC61660:1997)
WherethetimetopeakistpC.Andtherisetimeconstantis:
Andthedecaytimeconstantis:
Andcoefficientsk1Candk2Caretakenfromthediagrams/tables(definedinFigure14.IEC61660).Thequasisteadystatecurrentofthecapacitorisconsideredtobe0.
Risetimecurrent,for0ttpC:
Decaytimecurrent,fortpCtTk:
Andthetotalcurrentfromthebatteryis:
FaultCurrentfromRectifiers
ThequasisteadystateshortcircuitcurrentIkDofarectifierinthreephaseACbridgeconnectionis:
WhereUnisthenominalsystemvoltageonACsideofrectifier,ZNisthenetworkimpedanceACside,UnTLVandUnTHVaretransformerratedvoltagesoflowandhigh
voltageside,respectively.ThefactorDiscalculatedusing:
Thepeakshortcircuitcurrentiscalculatedusing:
AndthefactorDand iscalculatedusing:
http://openelectrical.org/wiki/index.php?title=According_to_the_IEC_61660 2/4
2/11/2017 AccordingtotheIEC61660OpenElectrical
AndthefactorDand iscalculatedusing:
ThetimetopeakiscalculatedforallvaluesD1,05asfollows:
Therisetimeconstantforrectifiersis:
ForD>=1.05:
ForD<1.05:
Thesuitableapproximationisgivenas:
Thedecaytimeconstantiscalculatedusing:
FaultCurrentfromDCMachines
Thequasisteadystateshortcircuitcurrentiscalculatedusing:
WhereLFisthefieldinductanceandLOFistheunsaturatedfieldinductanceatnoload.Thisequationisvalidonlyifthemotorspeedremainsconstantduringtheduration
oftheshortcircuitfault.OtherwiseIkM=0.
Figure6.FactorsfordeterminingtpM,1Mfornominalanddecreasingspeed(Figure
Figure5.FactorMfordeterminingthepeakshortcircuitcurrentipM(Figure17.IEC 18.IEC61660:1997) Figure7.tpMfordecresingspeed(Figure19.IEC61660:1997)
61660:1997)
Thearmaturetimeconstantiscalculatedas:
Thetimeconstantofthefieldcircuitiscalculatedas:
Andthemechanicaltimeconstantiscalculatedas:
Theeigenfrequencyiscalculatedas:
Thedecaycoefficientiscalculatedfrom:
Thepeakshortcircuitcurrent:
Thefactorsk1M,k2M,k3Mandk4Maretakenfromthediagrams(Figure18,20,21inIEC61660).ThefactorMistakenfromthediagram(Figure17inIEC61660).
http://openelectrical.org/wiki/index.php?title=According_to_the_IEC_61660 3/4
2/11/2017 AccordingtotheIEC61660OpenElectrical
Figure9.Factork4Mfordeterminingthedecaytimeconstantt2Mfordecreasingspeed
Figure8.Factork3Mfordeterminingtherisetimeconstantt1Mfordecreasingspeed
(Figure21.IEC61660:1997)
(Figure20.IEC61660:1997)
ThetimetopeakincasewhenMec10F:
Andtherisetimeconstant:
Thedecaytimeconstant:
2M=Fwhenn=nn=const.
2M=(k4M)(Mec)(LOF/LF)whenn0
IncasewhenMec<10Fthenthetimetopeakistakenfromthediagram/table(Figure19.IEC61660).
Therisetimeconstantandthedecaytimeconstant1Mand2Marecalculatedusing:
Risetimecurrent,for0ttpM:
Wheretpisthetimetopeakofthepartialcurrentand1istherisetimeconstantfortheobservedvoltagesource.
Decaytimecurrent,fortpMtTk:
AndthetotalcurrentfromtheDCmachineis:
CorrectionFactors
Duetothefactthatallnonobservedsourcesatthetimeareneglectedalongwiththeirbranchesit
issuggestedtousecorrectionfactors,whicharesupposedtoimprovetotalresults.Each
calculatedcorrectionfactorismultipliedwiththepartialfaultcurrentoftheeachsource,as
follows:
WhereIjistheinitialpartialfaultcurrentandjisthecorrectionfactor,bothforthesource"j".
Correctedresistancefortheeachsource
Yreferstothebranch(Br).
References
IEC61660:Shortcircuitcurrentsind.c.auxiliaryinstallationsinpowerplantsandsubstationsPart1:Calculationofshortcircuitcurrents.
FormoreinformationpleaserefertothestandarditselfIEC616601(https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/5700).
Relatedtopics:
ShortCircuitCalculation
accordingtotheANSI/IEEE946
Retrievedfrom"http://openelectrical.org/wiki/index.php?title=According_to_the_IEC_61660"
Categories:Calculations|Protection
Thispagewaslastmodifiedon9May2015,at01:38.
http://openelectrical.org/wiki/index.php?title=According_to_the_IEC_61660 4/4