Alloy Nominal composition, wt %

A 18% Cr, 8% Ni

B 18% Cr

C Special cast iron (2.5C-1.4Si-0.3Mn-0.08S-0.13P-0.5Cu)

D High-alloy cast iron (3.0C-2.1Si-1.0Mn-2.6Cr-15Ni-6.6Cu)

E Copper-nickel steel (2.5Ni-1.0Cu)

F Special cast iron (2.9C-2.0Si-0.8Mn-0.06S-0.25P-0.6Cu)

G Cast iron (3.6C-1.6Si-0.5Mn-0.07S-0.7P)

H Cast iron (3.6C-1.6Si-0.5Mn-0.07S-0.8P)

I Low-carbon steel + 5% Cr

J Low-alloy cast iron (3.5C-2.5Si-0.7Mn-0.05S-0.4P-0.3Cu-0.15Ni)

K Wrought iron (0.02C-0.1Si-0.3Mn-0.02S-0.16P)

L Low-carbon steel (0.15C-0.49Mn-0.03S-0.013P)

M Wrought iron (0.02C-0.13Si-0.4Mn-0.02S-0.11P)

N Copper-molybdenum iron (0.52Cu-0.15Mo)

Fig. 13 Averages of maximum pit depths on ferrous pipes removed from Merced clay adobe after an exposure
of 5 years. Source: Ref 39

Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that both the weight loss and maximum pit depth in soil corrosion can be
represented by an equation of the form (Ref 40):

Z = atm (Eq 2)

where Z is either the weight loss of maximum pit depth, t is time of exposure, and a and m are constants that depend on
the specific soil corrosion situation. Equation 2 is of the same form as Eq 1 . The similarities between Eq 1 and Eq 2 may
be due to the general applicability of a power law relationship, but because both types of corrosion are fundamentally