INTRODUCTION TO PROOF: HOMEWORK 2

DUE THURSDAY, JANUARY 28TH AT THE BEGINNING OF CLASS

You may work on homework together, but you must write up your solutions individually
and write the names of the individuals with whom you worked. For full credit, show all work
and explain your work as described on the syllabus. If you use any materials outside of the
course materials, e.g., the internet or a different book, make sure to provide a short citation.

(1) (6 pts each) Below, you will find pairs of statements A and B. For each pair indicate
which of the following three statements
(i) If A, then B.
(ii) If B, then A.
(iii) A if and only if B.
are true and which are false (briefly justify your answers). In each situation, A and
B refer to real numbers.
(a) A : x > 0, B : x2 > 0.
(b) A : x > 0, B : x2 < 0.
(c) A : x < 0, B : x3 < 0.
(d) A : xy = 0, B : x = 0 or y = 0.
(e) A : xy = 0, B : x = 0 and y = 0.
(f) A : x + y = 0, B : x = 0 and y = 0.
(2) (3 pts each) Consider the two statements
(a) A iff B.
(b) (not A) iff (not B).
Under what circumstances are these statements true? Under what circumstances are
they false? (You can use a table to answer these questions.)
(3) (5 pts) Prove that the sum of two odd integers is even.
(4) (5 pts) Suppose that a, b, and c are integers. Prove that if a|b and a|c, then a|(b + c).
(5) (5 pts) Suppose a, b, d, x, and y are integers. Prove that if d|a and d|b, then
d|(ax + by).
(6) (5 pts) Let x be an integer. Prove that x is odd if and only if x + 1 is even.
(7) (5 pts) Prove that an integer is odd if and only if it is the sum of two consecutive
integers.
(8) (5 pts) Let x be an integer. Prove that 0|x if and only if x = 0.
(9) (5 points) Suppose you are asked to prove a statement of the form If A or B, then
C. Explain why you need to prove
(i) If A, then C and also
(ii) If B, then C.
Why is it not enough to prove only one of (i) and (ii)?
(10) Disprove the following statements:
(a) (5 pts) If p and q are prime, then p + q is composite.
(b) (5 pts) An integer x is positive if and only if x + 1 is positive.
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