Level 3 - Tajweed Slides PDF

SIFAAT
The way in which a letter is articulated

that differentiates it from others. The
purpose of these characteristics is to
distinguish the letters that share the
same articulation points (makhaarij).
Sifaat (plural) Sifah (singular).
SIFAAT
Makhaarij only provides information as

to where the sound of the letter comes
from, whereas sifaat provides extra
information with regards to the
characteristics of the letter in order to
produce the correct sound.
WITH OPPOSITES
1 The Whispers (Al-Hams) The Audible (Al-Jahr)
2 The Strength (As-Shiddah) The Weakness (Ar-Rikhaawah)
Moderation (At-Tawasut)
3 The Closing (Al-Itibaaq) The Opening (Al-Infitaah)
4 Fluency (Al-Idhlaaq) Restraint (Al- Ismaat)
5 Elevation (Al-Istiala) Lowering (Al-Istifaal)
WITHOUT OPPOSITES
1 The Whistling (As-Safeer)
2 The Vibration (Al-Qalqalah)
3 The Ease (Al-Leen)
4 The Drifting (Al-Inhiraaf)
5 The Repetition (At-Takreer)
6 The Diffusion (At-Tafashshii)
7 The Elongation (Al-Istitaalah)
8 The Whistling (As-Safeer)
WHISPERS
weak or slight continuation of breath

(whispering, expulsion of air) upon
pronunciation of the letter when it
carries a sukoon.
10 Letters of Whispers
1 6
2 7
3 8
4 9
5 10
WHISPERS
The whispering is also present when

the letter has a harakaat (other than
sukoon), but it is not as strong (it is
more of a natural whisper whereas
when it carries a sukoon you have to
emphasize the whisper more).

ALWAYS has strong
whispering, regardless of
the harakaat.

WHISPERS
An-Nasr 110: 1-3

WHISPERS
Quraysh 106: 1-4

WHISPERS
Ash-Sharh 94:1
Al-Humazah 104:3
WHISPERS
Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah
2:17
2:56
2:11
2:9
2:14
WHISPERS
2:9
2:11
2:5
2:10
/
2:15
AUDIBLE
The stoppage of breath upon

pronunciation of a letter when it carries
a SUKOON. This is achieved by stopping
the airflow at the makhraj of the letter.
There are 18 letters of audible.
1 2:3
2 2:4
3 2:19
4
2:23
5 2:30
6 2:6
7 2:22
8 2:60
9 2:75
10 2:20
11 2:13
12
2:15
13 2:3
14

2:2
15 2:6
16 2:25
17 2:3
18 2:2
STRENGTH
Strong stoppage of the sound upon
pronunciation of the letter when it carries a
SAKOON. This is achieved by relying strongly
on the makhraj or by constricting it. The
quality of shiddah is to pronounce forcefully,
that when pronounced, the sound of the
letter will be HARD, and the sound of the
letter will end off in the makhraj
8 Letters of strength
1 5
2
6
3
7
4
8
WEAKNESS
The continuation of sound upon pronunciation
of the letter when it carries a SAKOON, in a
soft and gentle manner. These letters are
neither The Strength (As-Shiddah) and
Moderation (At-Tawasut). Rakhaawa is the
continuation of SOUND whereas hems is the
continuation of BREATH.
15 Letters of Weakness

/

MODERATION
This is moderation between the

strength and the weakness. The
sound of the letter is not cut off nor
allowed to continue.
5 Letters of Moderation
1
2

3

4

5

MODERATION
1:7
97:1
CLOSING
Contact between the back of the tongue
and the upper palate of the mouth. This
characteristic is necessary no matter what
harakaat the letter carries. The quality of
itbaaq is to pronounce in a closed and
covered manner. That is, during
pronunciation, the tongue is elevated to
such an extent that it covers the palate
and the mouth remains nearly closed.
4 Letters of Closing
1
2

3

4

OPENING
Separation of the tongue from the

upper palate, thus pronouncing in an
opened manner. The quality of
infitaah is to pronounce in an opened
manner. That is, during pronunciation,
the tongue does not cover the palate
and the mouth remains open.
23 Letters of opening

FLUENCY
The speed of which the letters are pronounced
because of the ease of the makhraj. The quality of
ithlaaq is to pronounce in a smooth and easy
manner. The area of pronunciation of these letters,
that is, the edge of the tongue or the edge of the
mouth namely the lips, can be considered as
factors contributing to the smooth and easy
manner of pronunciation.
6 Letters of Fluency

RESTRAINT
To pronounce in a heavy manner. The

emergence of the remaining letters not
included in The Fluency (Al-Ithlaaq)
from inside of the mouth and throat.
During pronunciation, a certain
amount of effort is required.
23 Letters of Restraint

ELEVATION
The elevation of the back of the
tongue to the back roof of the
mouth upon pronunciation of the
letter, no matter what harakaat.
During pronunciation, the back of
the tongue is raised towards the
upper palate . This will produce a
thick, round sound.
7 Letters of Elevation

ELEVATION
These are known as full mouth / thick

letters and are thus pronounced with a
full mouth. For elevation (ista'ala) the
tongue is just RAISED, whereas for
closing (itbaaq) it actually makes
CONTACT. The elevation is less when
these letters carry a kasra
ELEVATION
Al-Ghashiyah 88:1-4
ELEVATION
Al-Ghashiyah 88: 5-7

ELEVATION
Al-Ghashiyah 88: 17
Al-Ghashiyah 88: 20
LOWERING
The lowering or depressing of the back of the
tongue away from the roof of the mouth upon
pronunciation of the letter. During pronunciation,
the tongue is not raised, but kept downward in
its normal position. This downward position will
cause a flat sound. These are also known as
empty-mouth / thin letters and are thus
pronounced with an empty mouth.
21 Letters of Lowering

WHISTLING
It is a sound resembles the sound of a

bird. It is usually like a buzzing sound.
The letter always has this sound no
matter what harakaat, though the
whistling (safeer) becomes stronger
when it carries a SUKOON.
3 Letters of Whistling
1
2

3

WHISTLING
94:2
104:1
101:6
102:2
WHISTLING

107:3
111:2
105:4

114:5
WHISTLING

111:3

112:2

100:10

114:5
VIBRATION
To pronounce with an echoing or

bouncing sound when the letter carries
a SUKOON only. A quality of qalqalah is
the quick movement of the tongue or
lips upon articulation.
5 Letters of Vibration
1
2

3

4

5

VIBRATION
This letter can either be in the middle or

end of a word (as a result of a stop).
Since an additional sound is being
made, the saakin letter should not
sound doubled (mushaddad) or
vowelled (mutaharrik).
VIBRATION

111:1
MINOR
Minor (sughrah) - The qalqalah letter will

appear either in the middle or end of a
word, but the reader will continue the
recitation and will not stop on it.
MINOR VIBRATION
108:3
MAJOR
Major (Kubrah) - If the qalqalah letter

appears at the end of a word and the
reader stops on it (for whatever
reason), the qalqalah sound is at its
clearest / strongest.
MAJOR VIBRATION
108:3
MINOR VIBRATION
100:4

106:4
111:5
105:2

110:2
MAJOR VIBRATION

113:1

85:20

113:3

85:1

112:1
EASE
A manner of articulation that seeks an

easy pronunciation. The quality of ease
(leen) is found associated with letters
and with saakin preceded by fathah.
EASE
The pronunciation has to be for the

duration of 2 counts.
' Ay' sound
' Ow' sound
EASE
110:2

106:4
108:1
108:1
DRIFTING
The inclination of the letter after its

articulation from the makhraj towards
another makhraj associated with and .
1. Inclines towards the tip of the tongue

2. inclines towards the makhraj of .
DRIFTING

99:1
105:3

110:1
105:4
REPETITION
while the is being pronounced from its

makhraj, naturally the tongue makes a
slight vibration producing a repeated
sound (i.e. rolling of the tongue).
REPETITION
Care must be taken to avoid

exaggeration of the vibration,
otherwise instead of a single
there may be two or instead of
a double (mushaddad), there
may be many
REPETITION

99:1
105:3

110:1
105:4
DIFFUSION
This is actually a natural characteristic

of the and the filling of the
mouth with air applies whatever the
harakaat. However, it is stronger
when it carries a sukoon.
DIFFUSION
83:21

81:4
81:5

81:5
ELONGATION
the quality of elongation is to pronounce a

letter in a slow and elongated manner.
When pronounced, the sound of the letter
will remain from the beginning of the
makhraj till the end. Elongating applies
only if it carries a sukoon or shaddah.
ELONGATION

1:7
105:2
DEFINITE
The Arabic letters ( Al) means 'The' in

English. It is not written separately,
rather it joins onto the word it defines.
DEFINITE
Arabic English
Door
The
The door
SUN LETTERS
Arabic has 28 letters. Of these 14 letters

are called Sun Letters. In the articulation
(speaking) of the Sun letters, the tip of
the tongue is involved.
SUN LETTERS
SUN LETTERS
When /alif-lm/ AL is prefixed to a noun

beginning with a Sun letter, the L of AL is
assimilated (joined) to the Sun Letter, e.g. AL-
shamsu (the sun) is pronounced /ash-shamsu/
The assimilation is indicated by the /shaddah/
on the first letter of the noun after AL
SUN LETTERS

91:1
SUN LETTERS
Surah:
Letter article attached to word article preceded by letter / word
Ayah

95:1

3:195

1:3

51:1
SUN LETTERS
Surah:
Ayah

2:143

2:277

2:22

25:29
SUN LETTERS
Surah:
Ayah

112:2

9:91

2:260

4:75
SUN LETTERS
Surah:
Ayah
2:274
75:2
MOON LETTERS
Out of 28 of Arabic letter, 14 is Moon

letter. When /alif-lm/ AL is prefixed to
a noun beginning with a Moon letter,
the L of AL is written with a sukoon
on the laam and must be pronounced
clearly, e.g. /al-qamaru/ (the moon) is
pronounced /al-qamaru/
MOON LETTERS

MOON LETTERS
91:2
MOON LETTERS
Surah:
Ayah

12:6

2:127
7:40
69:2
MOON LETTERS
Surah:
Ayah
52:35
10:88
10:90
2:191
MOON LETTERS
Surah:
Ayah
16:107

18:9

1:7

56:1
MOON LETTERS
Surah:
Ayah

56:55

15:99
HAMZA TUL WASL
Hamza tul Wasl or connecting Hamzah is

a little head of the letter saad sitting
upon an alif at the beginning of a word,
either in the beginning of an ayah or in
the middle of an ayah.
HAMZA TUL WASL
The purpose of the Hamza tul wasl is to

connect a saakin letter that starts a
word. Normally it is not possible to start a
word with Sukoon.
HAMZA TUL WASL
1. In the definite article ( The), the

connecting hamzah is always read with
fathah at the beginning of an ayah or
after a stop.
HAMZA TUL WASL
read with Fathah

HAMZA TUL WASL
2. At the beginning of an ayah or after a

stop, when starting recitation with a
verbal word that starts with Hamza tul
wasl , if the third letter carries a
dhammah then read Hamza tul wasl
with dhammah .
HAMZA TUL WASL
Third letter with dhammah
read with dhammah

HAMZA TUL WASL

stop, when starting recitation with a verbal
word that starts with Hamza tul wasl ,if the
third letter carries a fathah or kasrah then
read Hamza tul wasl with kasrah.
HAMZA TUL WASL
read with kasrah
Third letter with fathah or kasrah

HAMZA TUL WASL
4. In the following 5 verbal words, at the

beginning of an ayah or after a stop,
where the third letter carries a
dhammah, the beginning Hamza tul
wasl is always read with kasrah.
EXCEPTIONS
read with kasrah
Third letter with dhammah

HAMZA TUL WASL

stop, when starting recitation with any of
the following 7 groups of noun words, the
beginning Hamza tul wasl is always read
with kasrah irrespective of the vowel or
harakah on the third letter.
EXCEPTIONS
read with kasrah

Noun

HAMZA TUL WASL
read with kasrah

Noun

HAMZA TUL WASL
6. When Hamza tul wasl starts a word in the

middle of an ayah or when continuing a
recitation without stopping, the Hamza tul
wasl is dropped without pronouncing it at
all, the vowelled letter or letter with
harakah before the Hamza tul was then
connects to the saakin letter after it.
HAMZA TUL WASL
In the middle dropped in pronunciation

HAMZA TUL WASL
In the middle dropped in pronunciation

HAMZA TUL QAT'A
The cutting hamzah is represented by the following

symbol It should not be mistaken with the letter
alif but it often occurs on the alif or
Sound is produced by cutting off the air stream at
the top of the windpipe. It is similar to pressing the
stop button on a tape player in mid-word.
HAMZA TUL QAT'A
The hamza may appear anywhere in the

word; however it would be pronounced
with the harakah on top of it (hamza)
irrespective of what letter it is sitting on.
The letter Hamzah appears in many
different forms in the Arabic language,
but pronounced the same.
HAMZA TUL QAT'A

HAMZA TUL QAT'A
When pronouncing a Hamzah that

carries a sukoon, the pronunciation of
the previous letter should be cut in
half. Failing to do so may change the
hamzah into a Waw Ya or an Alif
HAMZA TUL QAT'A
Correct Incorrect
Hamzah Surah:Ayah
pronunciation pronunciation
104:8
2:58
21:61
RA (ROUGH / THICK)
To produce this sound the back of the

tongue rises in the mouth. This elevation
of the tongue produces a thick or heavy
sound. There are 5 categories for when
the produces a thick, round sound
RA (ROUGH / THICK)
1. When it carries a fathah or a dammah
Surah:
Letter Extract from Ayah
Ayah

91:13
91:14
RA (ROUGH / THICK)
2. When it carries a sukoon and the letter

before it carries a fathah or dammah.
Surah:
Ayah

91:6
102:2
RA (ROUGH / THICK)

before it carries a kasrah and the letter
after the is a letter of istiala that
doesn't carry a kasrah
Surah:
Ayah
78:21
RA (ROUGH / THICK)

before it carries a 'helping' kasra (not an
original kasra)
Surah:
Ayah
89:28
RA (ROUGH / THICK)
5. When it carries a sukoon as a result of
wanting to stop (not an original sukoon),
and the letter before it is not a ya and
carries a sukoon, and the letter before that
has either a fathah or a dammah.
Surah:
Ayah
103:1
103:2
RA (ROUGH / THICK)
AT-TAWBAH 9:107
RA (ROUGH / THICK)
AT-TAWBAH 9:122
RA (ROUGH / THICK)
AT-TAWBAH 9:122
AL-MURSALAT 77:32-33
RA (ROUGH / THICK)
AL-FAJR 89:14
AZ-ZALZALAH 99:1
AT-TAKATHUR 102:1-2
RA (SOFT / THIN)
To produce this sound, the back of the

tongue lowers so that a flat sound is
produced. There are 4 categories for
when the produces a thin sound.
RA (SOFT / THIN)
1. When it carries a kasrah.
Surah:
Ayah
79:36

80:37
RA (SOFT / THIN)

before it carries an original kasra in the
same word and a letter of istiala (thick)
doesn't follow it.
Surah:
Ayah
79:17
RA (SOFT / THIN)
3. When it carries a sukoon (as a result of stopping,

either in the middle or end of an ayah) and the
letter before it is a ( elongated or otherwise)
and the carries a sukoon.
Surah:
Ayah

100:11

85:11
RA (SOFT / THIN)
4. When it carries a sukoon (due to stopping

either in the middle or end of an ayah),
and the letter before it is a letter of istifaal
(thin) which carries a sukoon, and the
letter before this carries a kasrah
Surah:
Ayah
89:5
RA (SOFT / THIN)
AN-NUR 24:50
AL-MULK 67:17
AL-MULK 67:18
RA (SOFT / THIN)
AL-FAJR 89:16
AL-FAJR 89:17
AT-TAKATHUR 102:2
LAAM (ROUGH / THICK)
To produce this sound, the tongue

elevates in the mouth producing
a thick/ heavy sound.
1. The in the pronunciation of the

name 'Allah' when it is preceded
by a fathah or a dammah.
Surah:
Ayah

112:1

110:1

name 'Allah' ; when it is preceded
by a sukoon, and the letter before
that carries a fathah or a Dammah
Surah:
Ayah

2:185

2:189
3. If the letter preceding the name

'Allah' is a thin one, be careful not to
pronounce it thick as this can easily
be done due to the letter laam
being pronounced thick.
Surah:
Ayah

2:7
The letter should be pronounced thin even

though the laam is being pronounced thick.
Al-Baqarah 2:55
Al-Mujdila 58:1
Ash-Shams 91:13
Al-Bayyinah 98:2
Al-Bayyinah 98:5
LAAM (SOFT / THIN)
To produce this sound, the back of

the tongue lowers so that a flat
sound is produced.
LAAM (SOFT / THIN)

name 'Allah' when it is preceded
by a kasra.
LAAM (SOFT / THIN)
Surah:
Ayah

85:8

82:19
LAAM (SOFT / THIN)
2. The in the pronunciation of the name

'Allah' when it is preceded by a sukoon,
and that is preceded by a kasra.
LAAM (SOFT / THIN)
Surah:
Ayah

3:144
LAAM (SOFT / THIN)
3. In all other instances.

LAAM (SOFT / THIN)
Surah:
Ayah

111:1
111:2
108:2
LAAM (SOFT / THIN)
Al-Fatihah 1:1-2
Al-Fatihah 1:7
LAAM (SOFT / THIN)
Al-Baqarah 2:139
An-Nasr 110:2
Al-Buruj 85:8
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SIFAAT

The way in which a letter is articulated

Makhaarij only provides information as

weak or slight continuation of breath

The whispering is also present when

An-Nasr 110: 1-3

Quraysh 106: 1-4

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

The stoppage of breath upon

This is moderation between the

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

Separation of the tongue from the

To pronounce in a heavy manner. The

These are known as full mouth / thick

Al-Ghashiyah 88: 5-7

It is a sound resembles the sound of a

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

To pronounce with an echoing or

This letter can either be in the middle or

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

Minor (sughrah) - The qalqalah letter will

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

Major (Kubrah) - If the qalqalah letter

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

A manner of articulation that seeks an

The pronunciation has to be for the

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

The inclination of the letter after its

1. Inclines towards the tip of the tongue

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

while the is being pronounced from its

Care must be taken to avoid

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

This is actually a natural characteristic

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

the quality of elongation is to pronounce a

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

The Arabic letters ( Al) means 'The' in

Arabic has 28 letters. Of these 14 letters

When /alif-lm/ AL is prefixed to a noun

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

Out of 28 of Arabic letter, 14 is Moon

Letter Extract from Ayah Surah: Ayah

Hamza tul Wasl or connecting Hamzah is

The purpose of the Hamza tul wasl is to

1. In the definite article ( The), the

2. At the beginning of an ayah or after a

3. At the beginning of an ayah or after a

4. In the following 5 verbal words, at the

5. At the beginning of an ayah or after a

read with kasrah

read with kasrah

6. When Hamza tul wasl starts a word in the

In the middle dropped in pronunciation

In the middle dropped in pronunciation

The cutting hamzah is represented by the following

The hamza may appear anywhere in the

When pronouncing a Hamzah that

To produce this sound the back of the

1. When it carries a fathah or a dammah