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FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER 1 SESSION 2015/2016

CODE: MTK3013 COURSE: DISCRETE STRUCTURES

DATE: o 2 JAN 2016 DURATION: 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS

1. This paper consists of TWO (2) sections only, namely Section A and Section B.
question
2. Section A :Answer ALL questions in the space provided.
3. Section B : Answer ALL questions in the space provided.
4. All question papers will be collected at the end of the examination

This question paper contains 15 printed pages including the front page

PROGRAMME:

YEAR CLASS GROUP: A I B

REGISTRATION NO. : I I I I I I I
IDENTITY CARD NO. :
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
LECTURER : ROZNIM BINTI MOHAMAD RASLI

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

CONFIDENTIAL
MTK3013: Discrete Structures 2

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (30 marks)

Instruction: Answer all questions and marked your answer in the space provided.

1. Given the following logical expression:

-,p B -,q V q r

State whether the expression is a tautology, a contradiction or a contingency.

A. Tautology.
B. Contingency.
C. Contradiction.

D. None of the above.

2. Show that the premise "My son visited Legoland last week" implies the conclusion

"Someone visited Legoland last week".

A. Universal instantiation.

B. Existential instantiation.

C. Universal generalization.
D. Existential generalization.

3.

I "If 378 is divisible by 18, then 378 is divisible by 6".

)
The mathematical statements have been generalized by assuming that if one thing is true,

then the rest will follow to be true. This condition is referred to as -----------------

A. universal statements

B. existential statements

C. conditional statements

D. mathematical statements

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 MTK3013: Discrete Structures 3

4. Let p and q be the proposition for "You do every problem in this book" and "You will learn
discrete structures" respectively. State whether the conclusion is valid or invalid and if not,

verify the fallacies being made?

"If you do every problem in this book, then you will learn discrete structures".
"You learnt discrete structures".

:. "You did every problem in this book".

A. Valid arguments.
B. Unsound arguments.
C. Invalid arguments (fallacy of denying the antecedent).
D. Invalid arguments (fallacy of affirming the consequent).

5. Identify the rule of inference used in the following arguments:

"If I go to the movies, I won't finish my homework".

"If I don't finish my homework, I won't do well on the exam tomorrow".

:. "If I go to the movies, I won't do well on the exam tomorrow".

A. Modus Tollens.

B. Modus Ponens.

C. Disjunctive syllogism.

D. Hypothetical syllogism.

6. The power set, P(S) of the set S is defined to be the set containing all subsets of S.

Let S =
{1, 2, 3, 4}. Which of the following statement is false.

A. {{2}} P(S).
B. {1 ,3} P(S).
C. {1,3} E P(S).
D. {{2}, {4}} P(S).

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MTK3013: Discrete Structures 4

7. Suppose you want to give a proof by contrapositive of this result for all integers.

"
If x is odd and y is even, then x + y is odd."

The letter of assumption to begin the proof with is _

A. x+y is odd
B. x+y is even

C. x is even or y is odd

D. x is even and y is odd

8. Suppose f : Z ----+R has the rule f(n)= 2n -

4. Which of the following statement is

corresponding to the range of f.

A. The set of odd integers.

B. The set of real numbers.

C. The set of even integers.

D. The set of natural numbers.

9. State whether the compound propositions p (p /\ q) are logically equivalent to p q.

B. True.

D. False.

10. The proposition Q v P v (P----+Q) is guaranteed to be true, no matter what the truth values of

P and Q may be.

B. True.

D. False.

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MTK3013: Discrete Structures 5

11. VlxP(x) ==
-dX..,P(x)
B. True.

D. False.

12. The cardinality of the power set {x, y, z} is 9.

B. True.

D. False.

13. Given a number 3 and a set A =

N, is 3 A?

B. True.

D. False.

14. Identify whether Figure 1.0 below is a function?

Figure 1.0

B. True.

D. False.

15. Given a function, f= {(c, 1), (a, 3), (b, 4), (d, 2)}. Is the function "bijection"?

B. True.

D. False.

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MTK3013: Discrete Structures 6

Section B: Structured Questions (70 marks)

Instruction: Answer all questions in the following space provided.

Question 1

Consider the following logical expression:

..,p /\ P v q q

(a) Insert parentheses into the expression to indicate the order in which the connectives should

be applied. Follow only the standard rules of precedence for propositional logic.
[3 marks]
Answer:

(b) Use the equational reasoning (proving method) to show that the compound proposition
are tautology.
[5 marks]
Answer:

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 MTK3013: Discrete Structures 7

..

Question 2

Let A and B be the sets given by:

A =
{a, b, e} B =
{e, f, g, h}

and let Rl and R2 be the relations given by:

Rl =
{(a, e), (a, f), (b, g), (b, hn
R2 =
{(e, a), (f, e), (g, a), (h, an

(a) For each of the relation Rl and R2, draw its arrow diagram and state either it is a function or

not. If it is not a function, then justify the reason(s).

[4 marks]

Answer:

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 MTK3013: Discrete Structures 8

(b) List the elements of the domain Rl and the range of R2

[2 marks}

Answer:

(c) List the elements of the relation Rl-1 (from 8 to A) and R20 Rl (from A to 8).
[4 marks}

Answer:

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MTK3013: Discrete Structures
9

(d) If R =
{5, 7, 9} and 5 =
{x, y, z}, then consider the following function:

f: R 5 with f= {(5, y),

(7, z), (9, x)}
g : 5 R with g = {(x, 7), (y, 9), (z, 5)}

[5 marks]
Answer:

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MTK3013: Discrete Structures
10

Question 3

Given:

a= 220

b =
1400

(a) Find d = GDC(a, b) by using Euclidean Algorithm.

[6 marks}

Answer:

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 MTK3013: Discrete Structures
11

(b) Find the integers sand t such that d =

sa + tb.

[6 marks]

Answer:

(c) Find LCM(a, b).

[3 marks]

Answer:

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MTK3013: Discrete Structures
12

Question 4

Solve the following recurrence relation given with the initial conditions.

an =
-8an'"1 -

16an-2 for n 2

where

ao =
2, al =
-20

[10marksj

Answer:

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MTK3013: Discrete Structures
13

Question 5

Use the Principle of Mathematical Induction to prove that:

12 + 22 + 32 + + n2 =
(n + 1)(2n +
... n
1)

whenever n is a nonnegative integer.

[10 marks]
Answer:

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MTK3013: Discrete Structures 14

Question 6

A committee consists of a President, a Vice President, a Treasurer, and a Secretary. The

posts are to be drawn from 30 people (7 males, 23 females), and it allows a person to hold more

than one post, provided that one of them is not a President.

(a) In how many ways can this committee be organized?

[4 marks]
Answer:

(b) In how many ways is this possible if women will be chosen as President and Vice President

and man as Treasurer and Secretary?

[4 marks]
Answer:

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MTK3013: Discrete Structures 15

(c) In how many ways the letters of "MELODRAMATIC" can be organized?

[4 marks]
Answer:

END OF QUESTIONS